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ACADEMY VIETNAM SOCIAL SCIENCE ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES DOAN THANH LIEM BASIC ART SYMBOLS IN VIETNAMESE CURRENT HISTORY Major: Vietnamese literature Code: 22 01 21 SUMMARY OF THESIS WILL ADVANTAGES VIETNAMESE LETTER HANOI, 2020 The work is completed at: Academy of Social Sciences Vietnam Academy of Social Sciences SCIENCE INSTRUCTOR: Assoc.Prof.Dr NGUYEN DANG DIEP Reviewer 1: Assoc.Prof.Dr Ha Van Duc Reviewer 2: Assoc.Prof.Dr Ngo Van Gia Reviewer 3: Assoc.Prof Dr Ton Phuong Lan The thesis will be defended in front of the Academy of Thesis Judging Council, at: Academy of Social Sciences, 477 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi At the time of day month year 2020 Thesis can be found at: - National Library - Library Library LIST OF AUTHOR'S ARTICLES HAVE BEEN PUBLISHED Doan Thanh Liem (2017), The Symbol of Supremacy through a number of contemporary Vietnamese historical novels, Vietnam Art Forum Magazine No 273 / October 2017 Doan Thanh Liem (2017), Nguyen Hoang - a journey to open the world through the novel Minh Su by Thai Ba Loi, Journal of Science and Technology, University of Science, Hue University, November 2, 2017 Doan Thanh Liem (2019), Festival of Vietnamese cultural symbols through contemporary Vietnamese historical fictions, Human resources for social sciences magazine, Vietnam Academy of Social Sciences, April 4, year 2019 PREAMBLE The urgency of the topic 1.1 Icons exist in human life right from the moment when humans think about nature and society with the simplest images From primitive societies to civilized societies, from prehistoric humans to modern humans, symbols are always created as a tool to perform social functions, expressing human perceptions of natural and social 1.2 Symbols not only exist in customs, beliefs, religions, politics and advertising activities, but also exist in rich and diversified works of art 1.3 In terms of perception, there are many means of performing the function of conveying the ideological content of literary works In contemporary Vietnamese historical fictions, the world of symbols is an art vehicle that performs that function 1.4 Historical fiction is a literary talent with a complex characteristic, in which historical reality is the "bone" material and artistic fiction makes the "soul" of the work For contemporary Vietnamese literature, historical fiction has made great contributions, leaving a deep impression, with many historical novels winning awards through literary awards and many forums Literature discusses the author and historical novel Purpose and mission of the study 2.1 Research purposes - Discover the cultural and historical values of the Vietnamese nation through symbolic systems - In the process of studying symbols, we will clarify a number of meaningful arguments that define symbolic values and their connection with the issue of social life, contemporary people 2.2 Research mission - The thesis will reopen a number of theoretical issues about symbols and historical novels in the spirit of inheritance, promoting the works previously studied - The thesis focuses on surveying, identifying and analyzing a number of basic artistic symbol systems: natural symbol system, human symbol system, cultural symbol system in Vietnamese contemporary historical fictions - The thesis will clarify the role and function of symbols as a characteristic language unit - the symbolic language in Vietnamese contemporary historical fictions through the writer's artistic thinking The dissertation's research object and scope 3.1 Research subjects The direct object that the thesis researches is the artistic symbol in the Doi Moi historical fiction In essence, the artistic symbol is also a kind of sign, containing and expressing countless historical, ideological, cultural, individual and community values In literature, the symbol is distant its original life as a form of sign, an important unit of language for constructing meaning 3.2 Research scope In addition to studying in-depth Vietnamese historical fictions after 1986, to a certain extent, the thesis will examine historical fictions of earlier periods, and compare historical novels of some other literature to see more clearly the achievements of contemporary Vietnamese historical fictions Research methodology of the thesis 4.1 System method The system method helps us gather different symbols, arrange them according to the corresponding symbol system for analysis The systematic method also helps us to gather research works and articles around the research object and scope of the thesis 4.2 Comparative method Using the comparison method, we will determine the nature of the research object in relation to the object of other studies; defines the nature of each type of symbol in relation to other symbols 4.3 Type method Talking about the type is referring to a set of things and phenomena that share some basic characteristics This method will help us to identify the different icons in order to align them to a suitable style / type 4.4 Approach literature from a cultural perspective Approaching literary symbols from a cultural perspective will help the thesis explore the depth of human culture and history through the expression of the symbol's value in literary works 4.5 Interdisciplinary approach The study of symbols in literature, especially symbols in fiction, requires the use of many different types of knowledge such as history, sociology, cultural studies, psychology, religion, beliefs, poetic studies, self-study Therefore, the thesis will use the interdisciplinary method to further explain the use of symbols as well as the layers of meaning deep in the literary symbols New scientific contributions of the thesis - The thesis is a specialized research on symbols in Vietnamese contemporary historical fictions - Contribute to the systematization of theoretical knowledge about symbols and literary symbols, symbols in historical fictions as a basis for exploring cultural and literary values in historical novels in particular and literature general - Analyzing the symbolic system in Vietnamese historical fictions in the doi moi period, pointing out the artistic creation achievements of the writer, thereby, more clearly recognizing the richness and richness of cultural values in literature The theoretical and practical significance of the thesis 6.1 Theoretical meaning - The thesis identifies basic views on contemporary Vietnamese historical fictions - The thesis contributes one more voice in researching Vietnamese contemporary historical fictions from symbolic theory 6.2 Practical significance - The thesis researches deeply the national historical and cultural values through the symbolic systems, thereby contributing to preserving and promoting the national cultural and historical values in the context of the renovation country international integration - Is the reference for the work of research and teaching literature in high schools and universities The structure of the thesis In addition to the Introduction, Conclusion, List of references, the content of the thesis includes chapters: Chapter 1: Overview of research and theoretical basis Chapter 2: The system of natural symbols in Vietnamese contemporary historical fictions Chapter 3: The system of human symbols in Vietnamese contemporary historical fictions Chapter 4: The symbolic community culture in Vietnamese contemporary historical fictions Chapter OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH SITUATION AND THEORETICAL BASIS 1.1 Historical fiction and symbol study problem 1.1.1 Study icons 1.1.1.1 Outline of research status symbols in the world Marxist philosophy considers symbols to be the individual subjective product of human cognitive activities, symbols lose cultural values that not belong to the existing, ancient accumulated through the ages and not in mind community formula For the psychoanalyst, the symbol is not a stage of cognitive process but images, things crystallized from the "collective unconscious", of the "region of experience" Two typical representatives of the theory of psychoanalysis are S Freud and Carl Jung From the point of view of linguistics, symbols are a characteristic property of language Ferdinand de Sausure argues that "language is a system of signs that have been adopted by society by conventions One of the most important characteristics constituting language is the symbolism expressed through the symbol" According to Iu M Lotman, a symbol is a cultural symbol He asserted that culture is a semiotic phenomenon All cultural phenomena have a semiotics characteristic In short, the path of decoding the symbol is quite rich, each decoding method has its own characteristics, forming a theoretical system of symbols 1.1.1.2 The situation of symbolic studies in Vietnam The study of symbols in Vietnam follows two main trends, which are the translation of foreign research projects and the application of translated theory to study symbols in each field of social life In terms of translation and theoretical introduction, there are some notable works as follows: / From psychoanalysis, mainly works of Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung such as: totem and taboo ( Translation by Doan Van Chuc), Subconscious exploration (translated by Vu Dinh Luu); publications referring to symbols in relation to spiritual culture, art, love, national character by Do Lai Thuy et al; / From linguistic, cultural semantics to Iu's cultural semantics M Lotman (1922-1993) by the authors La Nguyen, Do Hai Phong, Tran Dinh Su The above translation works have theoretical foundation value for the research direction of cultural symbols and literature in Vietnam The study of symbols in literature is also a noticeable research direction in recent years Although research activities have also achieved respectful results, reflecting the great value of the symbolic world in social life, symbolic research in Vietnam has not yet aimed at building a specific theoretical system , an independent symbolic research department has not been established 1.1.2 Research Vietnamese historical fictions Before 1986, the research works on these literary lines were not much, just short, small articles published in magazines, or there appeared some general statements about the people reading Trieu Duong's works Tan Dan Tu, Nguyen Trieu Luat The most significant of the research works on Vietnamese historical fictions before 1986 is the study of modern Vietnamese fictions by Phan Cu De Since 1986, research activities in historical novels have had a positive change in the field of translation, as well as criticism Many seminars on historical fiction took place Scientific seminar "Creation of literature, art on historical topics" (2012), scientific seminar on researching and teaching historical fictions (2019), or seminar on Nguyen Xuan Khanh's novels Besides, there are many research projects on historical novels Bui Van Loi's doctoral thesis discusses the appearance and characteristics of Vietnamese historical fictions from the early years of the twentieth century to 1945 Thesis on Vietnamese historical the community consciousness If the image often identifies itself with external values, subtle in which the artistic models next to it, the symbol has an internal assimilation of values into itself to create a world that is difficult to distinguish capture specific 1.2.2 The issue of historical fiction 1.2.2.1 The concept of historical fiction As the name implies, the genre of historical fiction has a close combination between the two elements of history and the novel, the real material and the reflective characteristics of the linguistic art form According to traditional conception, historical fiction is a true representation of past history According to modern conception, historical fiction is historical discourse under the gaze of democratization and globalization era The writer writes about history according to the principle of "retro metal" We can generalize the perception of historical fiction as follows: 1) History is the artistic inspiration in the writing process; 2) History is not a castle for the writer to flee from the current reality but an excuse for the writer to experience, question the present and the future; 3) The scale and vast coverage of the problems of reality with a new perception of the era make historical events and figures closer to contemporary life than historical science; 4) Artistic fictions are indispensable when writing about history Fiction is different from fabricating, rewriting history 1.2.2.2 Vietnamese contemporary historical fiction In terms of narrative art: The structure, language, viewpoints, narrative tone of the historical novel best show the innovation In 10 terms of historical realism: The writers not hesitate to reinforce private life and world affairs into historical characters, events and phenomena In terms of composition tendencies: Based on the artistic structure, there will be types of novels based on the causal / causal structure, novels based on the structure of the protagonist / villains, novels according to the structure of the chapter, the novel post-modern structural theory Based on the purpose, there will be main historical novels, teachings, historical-cultural novels Based on the properties and functions of reflection, there will be a tendency for fiction to simulate history and historical fiction 1.3 The approach of the thesis The approach of the thesis identifies two basic issues: historical fiction and symbolic system Vietnamese contemporary historical fictions (the contemporary concept that both refers to the time of publication and the method of creation and reception different from before, since 1986) has many tendencies to compose, but the historical-cultural trend of fiction is the most prominent one These are the discourses about history and culture with the sense of the arts of democracy and integration The symbolic system issue also has many different views We think that the system of symbols is the set, the system of symbols with the same origin or the mechanism arising from the ideological, cultural and belief system of the community Chapter NATURAL SYMBOLS 11 IN VIETNAMESE CURRENT HISTORY 2.1 Icons Water, Fire, Earth, Heaven 2.1.1 Water icons and variations Water is one of the four natural original great models that are universal in all human cultures The existential forms of water are very diverse, all liquid crystals, volatile and condensed Expanding the amplitude of symbolic value, with a new artistic look, writers generalized the characteristics of the water symbol and variations not only imprinting the victor's heroism but after each battle, The river bears witness to the tragic tragedy Thereby speaking out the voice of resistance to the war, whether victory or defeat in the military arena is the failure of the war because of its heavy consequences to mankind From the cultural point of view, the symbol of water can be considered on two completely opposite levels: "Water is a source of life and a source of death, and has the function of creating and destroying" [67, p.711] In Vietnamese contemporary historical fictions, the novelists unleashed the nature of water with the meaning of the Maternal consciousness, water and variations regenerating lives in the most sacred sense, with the meaning of Life flows, water and variations sometimes lead to death or destruction 2.1.2 Fire icons and variations Fire mysteriously exists in nature Fire both symbolizes civilization, truth, enlightens, disinfects, revives, proliferates and symbolizes destruction, destruction, burning It is the fire of thought, 12 wisdom, the fire of spirit, love, the flame of desire, hatred, the flame of war From its pristine properties, the Vietnamese contemporary historical novelists lit up the value of fire when interpreting the hidden corners of history, the aspirations of the soul and human personality Fire deepens the inherent physical expressions of society and people before the time of the rhyme Fire is both a symbol of war, hatred, destruction, death and a symbol of belief, strength, wisdom, enlightenment and rebirth in relation to historical times and its people 2.1.3 Earth icons and variations In the process of movement and development of human culture, earth symbols were formed at the earliest, and became more universal and stable than other natural archetype symbols In the Vietnamese contemporary historical novel, the symbol of the land and the symbol of the civilization is enlightened by the writers in a close, reciprocal relationship It is a sacred land for startups of saints and mighty dynasties Land bearing the Mother's mind - Mother Earth protects, encapsulates and imprints on Dai Viet culture in order to prevent foreign culture from being imported Not only stopping at the original value of land as the residence and residential land of the people, in Vietnamese contemporary historical fictions, the value of the land symbol is also the boundary of thought, power and human heart 2.1.4 Heaven / God symbol 13 The symbol of Heaven in cultures, ideas, and religions seems to have a similarity in meaning: Heaven is a direct manifestation of the transcendent, the powerful, the eternal, the divine: the that no other creature on the face of the earth can take Vietnamese contemporary historical novelists have exploited and clarified the relationship God - the supreme ruler of all species and King - Thien Tu, the supreme ruler of all peoples as well as social value of these interrelated icons Heaven here interconnected "used to refer to the absolute of human ambitions, as the perfect result of searching, as where the human spirit can be perfected, like heaven is the spirit of the world ”[36, pp.959-960] as the ruler is the spirit of the people The great karma of the intelligent army, if it is for the people, is always witnessed and supported by God On the contrary, their great karma is not sustainable if they not properly arrange their relationship with the people In the sense of looking for history, the small snowmen appreciate the will of Heaven and the People of the People harmonious in all the social policies of the god as a message to all strata of contemporary social life great 2.2 Mode of tectonics of the natural system of symbols in Vietnamese contemporary historical fictions 2.2.1 The transformation expands the symbol value amplitude In the writer's artistic thought, every image or image tends to become an artistic icon when it meets all the polyglot, ancient and mysterious conditions Therefore, primitive archetypes cannot be 14 dead symbols, their values are always enriched when crossing the limits of each cultural and ideological region In particular, in artwork, writers consciously purify and transform value codes to vivid symbols and consistent with the artistic thinking of the era Therefore, the human notion of creating the symbolic world and the symbolic world continues to be purified through the artist's mindset to participate in the artistic creation process and have new vitality In many works (Gioi Thieu, Ho Quy Ly, Mau Thuong thousand ), the natural world is present as an artistic language unit that directly participates in building text structure and character character In the relationship with the belief-religious symbol system, the natural symbolic system is the bridge connecting the real world with the spiritual world, between the gods and supernatural forces 2.2.2 Tect a natural symbol system from an ecological perspective From the cultural life of the ethnic people to the philosophical life, the natural world in relation to society and human beings are always linked, illuminated and reflected on each other The way to construct a natural symbolic system in Vietnamese contemporary historical fictions is also derived from the perception and understanding of nature and the relationships between nature and society, and humans follow the lens of art contemporary history novels From the intrinsic values with cultural consciousness, the writers winged the natural symbolic system of the beauty of the word art to express thoughts, thoughts, deeply immersed in your inner being pre-time people, living circumstances 15 Chapter HUMAN SYMBOLS IN VIETNAMESE CURRENT HISTORY 3.1 The symbols of the military, martyrs and women martyrs 3.1.1 The emblem of minh binh The military intelligence and the national hero become a cultural and social symbol because when it comes to them, people often associate ideal personality types in belief and worship When writing about the hero, the national hero, the writers uphold the value of the ideology of the people - respect for the people - for the people, the thought of honoring - the referee - using talent in the way of leading and building the country of the government apparatus, of those in power The intelligent hero and national hero in the mind of the Vietnamese people is not the supernatural messiah, but the person, the subject of the society, talented in martial arts, forgiving the virtue of guiding the nation forward Better advance These great men can be sanctified, mythized by the people, cultivate the cult of worship, they become a symbol of humanity in the people's perception They became a symbol of the ability to meet the Talent Mind - Range of the leader in the work of national construction in the national history 3.1.3 Female paralysis symbol Anh thu, female paralysis is the imaginary symbol referring to the women who died for the country Considering this aspect, 16 Princess An Tu, Princess Huyen Tran, Princess Ngoc Han and many other maids are martyrs, symbolizing the sacrifice of the Private for the Common They become immortal in the world However, under the view of Vietnamese contemporary historical novelists, the female paralysis is also a symbol of the floating status of a woman in society This is completely different from the image of a woman filled with direct aspirations to contribute and participate in the struggle for national liberation in Vietnamese historical fictions from the early twentieth century to 1945 It can be seen that each individual existing in society is both a crystallized product of a culture and a witness to the history of many changes It is impossible to say all the calamities in a blessed life with words Human life is very beautiful and intelligent, blessed but illustrative This is the true value that writers aim at when writing about the beauty and paralysis of women 3.2 Methods of constructing the human symbol system in Vietnamese contemporary historical fictions 3.2.1 Legendary pen The mythical pen is that the writer organizes the legendary entities as a mode of expression according to the aesthetic code of the word art aimed at a certain artistic object In Vietnamese contemporary historical fictions, writers use model myths or create new ones into "legendary writing styles" in order to renew the aspect of technological innovation, making the world represent The statue is more shimmering, rich in expression 17 Besides, the writers also use the use of dream motip, incarnation motip to create magical colors for symbols The motip is the source of the structure of the celestial stories while increasing the mysticism and mythical nuances of the humanoid symbols In short, as an artistic method, turning reality into a myth without losing authenticity, the legendary magician has breathed new life into the humanoid symbols that make the symbols fanciful, rich in expressive value 3.2.2 Pen spiritual solution, non-psychic If the mythical and epic magic pens create a sacred symbol, then the sacred and dehumanizing method of writing creates the symbol of everyday life This is a different feature when writing about historical figures in Vietnamese historical fictions before 1986 and after 1986 The way to create many narrative points of view to shine on the central character is the way the writer sends the mythical intentions, de-emphasize but installs the community's consciousness to bring the symbol to life, more authentic than before history The combination of the sacred and the ordinary life is a feature of Vietnamese contemporary historical fiction Historical images are deeply exploited in the inner perspective They question history in order to defend the legitimacy of their historical action But sometimes they question history because they recognize the loneliness in their hearts when history chooses them as great people and deprives them of a man's natural being 18 The fact that the writers let the historical figures question the times and themselves make those very outstanding people bring the beauty of their private life, they become closer and more simple That is the beauty in itself that the history of the era has washed away, obscured, and is less mentioned in the composition of the previous period Chapter COMMUNITY CULTURAL CHARACTERISTICS IN VIETNAMESE CURRENT HISTORY 4.1 Symbols of belief, religion, festival 4.1.1 Religious icon Model The Maternalism of the Vietnamese is first and foremost a community belief that shows a cult of nature that progresses as an inevitable stage of human development in general The magical vitality of the national culture - Mother's mind and Mother worship beliefs are explained by the writers through the feminine images of the women It is “The woman is the Mother, the Mother - the woman is the Land of the Land The woman is a culture ”[78, p 806] It seems that every man at least belongs to some woman, then is fascinated by them, dominated by them, and is reborn Mother is the soul of the earth It is the land that makes many invaders of Dai Viet think that they are a lord who cannot boast and fear revenge This is the meaning of praising the indigenous culture, at the same time responding to cultural rape from other cultures when imported into Vietnam 19 Motherhood with the values of local knowledge that is included in it is the spiritual life, cultural space, and pure Vietnamese cultural practice that the writers reappeared and deeply depicted in the works to convey about the flexibility of the national culture in the current integration and development period, is the root that constitutes the nature of the society, constitutes the quality of each person in the new era 4.1.2 Buddhist religious symbols Buddhism is a religion deeply rooted in the cultural life of the Vietnamese people Analyzing the values of Buddhism from the point of view of cultural and artistic symbols, we summarize the general meanings of the individual symbols such as village temples, Buddhist land, karma, and compassion discharge in connection with life, the fate of humanoid icons - characters that make icons in works of art In the mind of the Vietnamese, "Buddha, master of both secular and spiritual To be correct, Buddha unites sentient beings " [40, p 98] Therefore, people come to Buddha not to run away from life, find a place of salvation, but to purify their souls to be more pure and noble If Confucianism with the theory of world rule is the positive part of society, then Buddhism is the negative part of the Vietnamese people's soul "Buddhism keeps the sacred part, the sunken part, the quiet and profound part of the mountains and rivers" [77, p.495] Vietnamese contemporary history fictions highlight the compassionate and compassionate heart of Buddhism 20 as a message calling on the world to return to its own mind to be free of suffering Buddhism - the symbol of liberation and tranquility of conscience But Buddhism and the temples are not places where fear, insecurity because of greed is endless whether it is god or people 4.1.3 Festive icon Vietnamese folk festivals and activities are very diverse and plentiful, depending on people's wishes There are festivals associated with the profession such as the landowning ceremony, the rain praying ceremony, the forest opening ceremony, the festival celebrating the good season; there are festivals associated with historical figures, warriors, national heroes sanctified by the people, such as the Ancient Council, the Dong Quan Association, the Dong Da Association, the celebration of the new king's throne, Army Assembly, swear association All these festivals have implied cultural values, only all spiritual activities, will of Dai Viet resident community In Vietnamese contemporary historical fictions, Dai Viet folk festivals can be preserved intact, but sometimes they are changed in form, meaning variation according to the writer's artistic sense Each writer writes about the festival with his or her own reflection However, the common point we can easily see is that the writers writing about festivals when they are aware that those cultural values are disappearing before the current flow, thereby ringing alarm bells Festival organization is taking place in contemporary life Is it a faith towards national solidarity or is it a project or plan 21 designed for material gain? There will be no more true meaning when breaking community, imposing personal interests on festivals is a profound message needing full awareness that the writer aims at contemporary people 4.2 The mode of tectonic system of community cultural symbols in Vietnamese contemporary historical fictions 4.2.1 The spatial strata with the ability to create community cultural symbols In the Vietnamese contemporary historical fictions, the space of the cultural symbol system is not simply the physical space, is the space, is the place, the regional boundary is simply attached to the ethnic group but that is historical space, culture, psychological space The spatial strata from mundane living space to surreal space are described vividly by the writer, imprinting the traditional Vietnamese culture, reflecting the core values of the spiritual and social life , associated with each different cultural symbol The existence of these two forms in this space in contemporary Vietnamese historical fictions as two fundamental aspects that are both unified and opposite each other, illuminating, and deepening understanding of the essence of social life and children people While the concentrated manifestation of mundane space is associated with historical events, folklore activities such as the community glue, the manifestation of surreal, fanciful space in contemporary historical fictions Dai Vietnam is associated with the spiritual cultural life, spirituality and transcendence, which is the environment for the existence of cultural symbols, spiritual beliefs 22 4.2.2 Festive practice rituals with the ability to create community cultural symbols Along with the community living space, the ritual of practice and performing the festival not only reflects the surface of social life but also shows the true human aspirations of the people The elements of the traditional festival of the people "have a special position, because these elements are the materialization of religious beliefs, the material space of the traditional festival" Integrating the cultural plot, meticulously describing the typical rituals of each festival into the historical storyline is the respectful exploration of the writers Through this integration and description of the reappearance, the writer wants to emphasize the culture associated with the national history, with a sustainable vitality, which should be preserved and handed down as a living museum and rich in life live the national spirit There, "each layer of alluvial culture - belief in the traditional festival is a message from generations of ancestors to present generation These messages exist in all elements: from the divine, ordained to the discourse, from the ritual of worship to the shrine of the worshiping institutions ”[10, p.14] CONCLUDE The writer's creative activities can be considered as the process of concretizing the concept of reality and the person Besides language, which is the first material as a means of expression, symbolism and its respective forms are also a means of deepening human cultural thought that the writer aims at In literary works, symbols are not only the nuclear unit of culture, but also 23 considered the linguistic unit and means of artistic thinking of the writer The world of symbols in Vietnamese contemporary historical fictions is quite rich, with a breath of time To the extent possible, we have studied the natural symbol system, the human symbol system and the cultural symbol system in contemporary Vietnamese historical fictions with outstanding features through the artistic thinking of the house text before the new era In this day and age, when historical novelists are no longer "stubborn" but dare to stray on the edge of center-periphery; it is history - history to enjoy history in order to "renew" the genre's connotations, the historical novel has surpassed the seemingly most immutable limits This is actually a story about a "sacred" - "divine" relationship when thinking about history Each historical novelist will choose for himself a certain fulcrum from history to engage in the path of art, to interpret the present and to the future The most valuable achievement of social development is culture Only culture permeates social institutions Symbols belong to culture Therefore, at a higher level of reflection, symbols in art works will reflect ethnic cultural attributes 24 ... 2, 2017 Doan Thanh Liem (2019), Festival of Vietnamese cultural symbols through contemporary Vietnamese historical fictions, Human resources for social sciences magazine, Vietnam Academy of Social... Symbol of Supremacy through a number of contemporary Vietnamese historical novels, Vietnam Art Forum Magazine No 273 / October 2017 Doan Thanh Liem (2017), Nguyen Hoang - a journey to open the world... symbols in Vietnamese contemporary historical fictions Chapter 3: The system of human symbols in Vietnamese contemporary historical fictions Chapter 4: The symbolic community culture in Vietnamese contemporary