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PROCEEDING OF THE 1ST INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS CONFERENCE BETWEEN VIETNAM AND JAPAN ON ENHANCING BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT BETWEEN VIETNAM AND JAPAN (VJIBC 2019) NATIONAL ECONOMICS UNIVERSITY PUBLISHING HOUSE MESSAGE FROM FOREIGN TRADE UNIVERSITY’S PRESIDENT Assoc.Prof.Dr BUI ANH TUAN I am most honoured and delighted to convey message; on the VIETNAM - JAPAN INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS CONFERENCE with the theme of the first conference as Enhancing Business Development between Vietnam and Japan I would like to accord my warm welcome to all of the distinguished scholars who come from Japan, Vietnam and other places around the world We very much appreciate your interest in coming and participating in the conference As you all have known, the bilateral Vietnam – Japan relation has lifted to the Strategic Extensive Partnership currently Japan remains to be one of the most important export markets for Vietnamese goods as the export turnover ranks the third Regarding to investing activities, the two nations have noticed a continuous increase in the number of Japanese firms investing in Vietnam; and Japan is the biggest source of FDI pledges In fact, this would open up more opportunities as well as challenges in business development and cooperation between Vietnamese and Japanese business communities Having been an experienced university in cooperating with Japanese organizations and corporations, Foreign Trade University also bear the mission of developing high - quality human resources in doing business with global markets, especially with Japan The special VJCC project, which is sponsored by Japan and Vietnam governments, along with the support of Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), has been proactively supporting both Vietnamese and Japanese business communities to approach the Japanese style business method and management; accordingly promoting the cooperative relations and sustainable business development between the two nations through programs of training, consulting, business matching and studying, especially the Keieijuku for entrepreneurs leading Vietnamese industries and high quality bachelor program JIB In such a context, with a view to extracting experiences and providing practical solutions to the cooperation and business development between Vietnam and Japan, Vietnam – Japan Institute for Human Resource Development (VJCC), Foreign Trade University, in collaboration with JICA and Japanese partner universities (Rikkyo University, Kanto Gakuin University, International University of Japan and Toyo University) hold the first annually international conference of VJIBC with the theme of  “Enhancing Business Development between Vietnam and Japan” The conference attracted a great number of papers contributed by authors and speakers from universities, governments, and businesses, including 47 abstracts and 37 full papers, with 29 papers being eligible to be published in the Proceeding The studies presenting in the conference around three parallel sessions include (1) Productivity and global value chain management, (2) Human resource and cross culture management, (3) Customer participation in product and service improvement The plenary session of the conference is presented by three keynote speakers: Prof.Dr Hiroyuki Itami, President of International University of Japan, Dr Vu Viet Ngoan, former Head of the Prime Minister’s Advisory Group and former Chair of the National Finance Supervisory Committee, and Prof.Dr Kazumori Yamaguchi, Dean of College of Business, Rikkyo University On behalf of Foreign Trade University and VJCC, the organizer of the conference, I would like to take this opportunity to express our sincere thanks for the support we have received from JICA, Kanto Gakuin University, Rikkyo University, International University of Japan, Toyo University, especially to three prestigious keynote speakers I really hope that that all participants will take this opportunity to gain and exchange views and knowledge for the development of future studies I also hope that this conference would become fruitful, interesting, and beneficial for all of you Thank you MESSAGE FROM KANTO GAKUIN UNIVERSITY’S PRESIDENT Prof.Dr HIROYOSHI KIKU L adies and Gentlemen, I am Hiroyoshi Kiku President of Kanto Gakuin University I am extremely honoured to be invited here today 2019 Vietnam - Japan International Business Conference on behalf of Kanto Gakuin University First of all, I would especially like to personally congratulate Dr Tuan - President of the Foreign Trade University (FTU), Dr Hien Director of VJCC, and all faculty and staff members who have worked so hard to actualize this wonderful and meaningful International Conference I would also like to express our respect for all participants from Vietnam, Korea, and Japan One of the major themes of today’s conference is “Human Resources and Cross Culture Management” While feeling the importance of Human resources development, we are now starting educational activities at FTU that is the most prestigious university in Vietnam with the support of a very powerful institution VJCC We have been providing our educational program named “Advanced Undergraduate program in Japanese styled Business” operated by FTU since 2017 This course aimed to develop human resources who can play an active role globally in Japanese and Vietnamese companies by learning Japanese style business management based on the knowledge, skill and culture perspective The core program we provide is an education in collaboration with companies called “V-biz” In developing the program, we explained the purpose of this advanced course to Japanese companies operating in Vietnam, and many companies agreed on the concept As a result, we currently have the cooperation of Japanese major companies from a variety of industries (Aeon, H.I.S., Honda, Japan Airlines, Kao, Panasonic, Tokyo Gas, TOTO) With the support of each company, creating the program gave us the opportunity to reconsider the strength of Japanese style business management Based on the opinions of Japanese companies in Vietnam, we have customized our educational curriculum for FTU At the “Business Plan I”, students learn the basics of a business strategy, marketing, accounting, utilization of databases in the 1st grade before they learn special subjects Based on the knowledge, they struggle to create their own Business Plans (BP) In the process, we give students many opportunities to get in touch with the atmosphere of the actual business field For instance, we invite lecturers from supporting companies to give a lecturer about the process of new product development We also conduct plant tours to the supporting company At the end of the BP, students present their business plans in front of the supporting companies and receive their comments from corporate perspectives At the “Business Plan II” which starts in the second grade, students are given the problems that companies actually face, and they propose solutions to the supporting companies The origin of this program is the educational style that we are doing for our students at Kanto Gakuin University We are provided such as the problem which supporting companies are currently facing, and then, our faculty, students and business people discuss and work together to solve the problems In the process, we would like students to not only feel real business issues but also recognize their own lack of knowledge We believe those experiences can motivate students to learn more Through this learning cycle, we aim to foster human resources with the ability to solve social issues and strong management capabilities However, we not provide education only for adapting to Japanese style or Japanese society Japan has our own history and culture, and Vietnam has its own history and culture It is natural that there are differences in business customs and ways of thinking Of course, it doesn’t mean that either of them is excellent While respecting each other’s cultures, we are constantly discussing with FTU and VJCC staff what business plans and problem-solving are appropriate for Vietnamese society Also, we are always thinking about incorporating a little bit of Japanese style and culture At the same time, I think it gives us an opportunity to consider how we can make the most of the vitality and initiative that Vietnamese people have into our education Not conducting education only from one side to the other, but educating in a mixed environment of our culture connects to valuable human resource development for each other On the other hand, we are collaborating with Vietnam National University University of Engineering and Technology to develop a curriculum aimed at a new type of civil engineering department in Vietnam There are already many civil engineering departments in Vietnamese universities that provide cutting-edge education There are many students who will be responsible for Vietnam’s infrastructure and future They are very talented, learning mainly from theory, and very interested in education using the latest the latest Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Information and Communication Technology (ICT) technologies Some of them become government officials, negotiate with foreign companies and consulting companies with outstanding talent and knowledge, and contribute to Vietnam’s infrastructure development Other outstanding students complete university courses, go on to graduate schools overseas, then work for global companies, and become world-class civil engineers And they sometimes contributes to Vietnam using the latest technology However, as a result, much of the Vietnamese money flows out overseas Even though they can introduce overseas technology, there is still a shortage of engineers who can develop technologies and manage large-scale infrastructure projects in Vietnam Japanese civil engineering education aimed at raising the average value of technical skills and the bottom level In addition to cutting-edge education at University of Engineering and Technology Vietnam National University (VNU-UET), we are helping to develop civil engineers who can be involved in projects that support the national land and can be trusted by anyone As you all know, Japan and Vietnam have a very strong and deep friendship This friendship is the same not only at the governmental level but also business level and university level In addition, the two countries also have very good relations among their citizens because the Vietnamese and Japanese characteristics are quite similar and we can respect each other In Japan, there has been required strongly for internationalization and globalization of universities for a long time Some universities only aim to accept as many foreign students as possible And many of them are only aimed at benefits that Japanese students can receive from internationalization However, I believe it is important for each country and people to have a relationship receiving benefits from each other So it’s very important to have a relationship with the Vietnamese people whom we trust and feel close to I feel Vietnamese people are diligent and faithful, and also very friendly toward Japan Working on education with Vietnamese people for each country and each citizen is the first step in cross-cultural human resource development Not just any country, it is important to strengthen the relationship with the Vietnamese people Thank you once again, I sincerely wish you all the best, and I hope this great conference will be a success PROCEEDING OF THE 1ST INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS CONFERENCE BETWEEN VIETNAM AND JAPAN ON ENHANCING BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT BETWEEN VIETNAM AND JAPAN (VJIBC 2019) TABLE OF CONTENTS PARALLEL SESSION 1: PRODUCTIVITY AND GLOBAL VALUE CHAIN APPLICATION OF OVERALL EQUIPMENT EFFECTIVENESS INTO PRODUCTION SYSTEM AND THE CASE STUDY OF HAI PHONG PAINT 24 ASSESSING STRATEGIC CORPORATE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF AN EXCELLENT VIETNAMESE ENTERPRISE FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF ORGANIZATIONAL DEVELOPMENT AND DESIGN 35 FACTORS FOR MANUFACTURING SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISE (SME) GROWTH IN VIETNAM 68 FACTORS INFLUENCING VIETNAM SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES’ (SMES’) PARTICIPATION IN THE GLOBAL VALUE CHAIN 86 IMPACT OF OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON FIRM PERFORMANCE - AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS AT VIETNAM MECHANICAL FIRMS 98 ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AND FIRM PERFORMANCE IN VIETNAM: THE MEDIATING ROLE OF NON-FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE 113 Dr Pham Thu Huong MSc Doan Anh Tuan Foreign Trade University, Vietnam Nguyen Thi Hien Foreign Trade University, Vietnam Kawaguchi Shinichiro Soka University, Japan Le Hoang Lien Foreign Trade University, Vietnam Gaku Funabashi JICA Headquarter, Japan Dr Bui Duy Linh Foreign Trade University, Vietnam Dao Minh Anh Foreign Trade University, Vietnam Pham Long University of Lousiana at Monroe, USA PhD Candidate Pham Thi My Dung Nagoya University, Japan PROCEEDING OF THE 1ST INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS CONFERENCE BETWEEN VIETNAM AND JAPAN ON ENHANCING BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT BETWEEN VIETNAM AND JAPAN (VJIBC 2019) ASSESSMENT OF VIETNAM GLOBAL VALUE CHAIN INTEGRATION UNDER PRESSURE OF PROTECTIONIST TRADE 145 Nguyen Van Chung Quang Binh University, Vietnam PARALLEL SESSION 2: CROSS–CULTURE AND HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT A PRACTICAL STUDY ON JAPANESE CORPORATE PHILOSOPHY-BASED MANAGEMENT AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR VIETNAM 151 DEVELOPMENT OF HUMAN RESOURCES IN REGARD TO JAPANESE - STYLE MANUFACTURING IN THE PHILIPPINES 161 AN EXAMINATION ABOUT HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT FOR EXECUTIVES IN VIETNAMESE COMPANIES 170 EMPLOYEE PERCEPTIONS OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN A TRANSITIONAL ECONOMY: THE MEDITATION EFFECT OF PERSON-ORGANIZATION VALUE FIT IN VIETNAM 192 JAPANESE ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE AND THE APPROACH TOWARDS ITS EFFECTS ON EMPLOYEES’ LOYALTY 216 APPLICATION OF THE JAPANESE ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE IN VIETNAMESE ENTERPRISES - A CASE STUDY OF HANEL PT JSC 244 Assoc.Prof.Dr Bui Anh Tuan MSc Tran Thi Kieu Minh Foreign Trade University, Vietnam Prof.Dr Yoshikazu Yoshida Toyo University, Japan Tsuyoshi Shimizu JICA Expert MBA Bui Tuan Trung Foreign Trade University, Vietnam Assoc.Prof.Dr Kyoko Yamazaki Gakushuin University, Japan Le Thi Ngoc Lan - Hoang Anh Duy - Nguyen Thanh Thanh Huyen Foreign Trade University, Vietnam Tran Thi Trang Viettel Group, Vietnam Phan Thi Yen Icomm Media and Tech JSC, Vietnam MSc Tran Hong Hanh Foreign Trade University, Vietnam PROCEEDING OF THE 1ST INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS CONFERENCE BETWEEN VIETNAM AND JAPAN ON ENHANCING BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT BETWEEN VIETNAM AND JAPAN (VJIBC 2019) THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITIES AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF CONSUMER GOODS COMPANIES IN VIETNAM 273 COMPLIANCE WITH LABOR DISCIPLINE IN THE ENTERPRISE OF LOCAL LABORERS: FROM PERSPECTIVE OF MANAGER 299 CHANGES IN THE JAPANESE HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AND LESSONS FOR VIETNAM IN THE GLOBAL CONTEXT 308 MA Le Tra My - Nguyen Thi Thu Thao - Nguyen Ha Trang Foreign Trade University, Vietnam MSc Nguyen Chu Du University of Trade Union, Vietnam MA Nguyen Thi Thu Ngoc Quang Binh University, Vietnam PARALLEL SESSION - CUSTOMER PARTICIPATION INTO PRODUCT AND SERVICE IMPROVEMENT & VIETNAM - JAPAN BUSINESS ENHANCEMENT NEW SUGGESTION TO THE ANALYTICAL PERSPECTIVE ON GLOBALIZATION OF SERVICE INDUSTRY IN THE CONTEXT OF JAPAN’S RECENT INVESTMENT TREND IN VIETNAM: IS THIS POSSIBLE FOR THE THEORITICAL DEVELOPMENT OF GLOBAL SERVICE? 319 THE CONTRIBUTION OF JAPANESE OFFICIAL DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE (ODA) TO ECONOMIC GROWTH OF ASEAN COUNTRIES 336 EFFICIENT USE OF FREE TRADE AGREEMENTS (FTAS) IN EXPORTING TO JAPAN 354 INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY MANAGEMENT: CASE STUDIES OF VIETNAMESE AND JAPANESE SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES (SMES) 367 THE IMPACT OF PERCEIVED CUSTOMER PARTICIPATION OF FRONTLINE STAFF’S ON SERVICE RECOVERY PERFORMANCE IN VIETNAM RETAILING 410 Hironobu Kitagawa Chief Representative of JETRO Hanoi Dr Nguyen Phuc Hien - Pham Thu Thao Foreign Trade University, Vietnam MSc To Binh Minh Foreign Trade University, Vietnam Le Thi Thu Ha - Dao Thi Mai quyen Foreign Trade University, Vietnam Vo Thi Ngoc Lien University of Finance and Marketing, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam Nguyen Hoang Kim Quy University of Milan, Italy 10 538   833,166 15,884 90,248 30,407 Value 2015   1.91 10.83 3.65 % 812,185 16,414 89,834 29,775 Value 2016   2.02 11.06 3.67 % 625,568 17,902 97,670 29,987 Value 2017 32,276 Value   2.86 606,924 18,442 15.61 101,012 4.79 % 2018   3.04 16.64 5.32 % (Sources: Calculated from ITC calculations based on UN COMTRADE statistics) 886,031 1.98 Fish and crustaceans, molluscs and other aquatic invertebrates and 17,503.2 preparation of them Total 11.21 Electrical machinery and equipment and parts thereof; sound recorders 99,346.2 and reproducers, television, etc % 3.75 Value 2014 Product labels Articles of apparel and clothing accessories, knitted or crocheted, not knitted or crocheted and Other 33,265.2 made-up textile articles; sets; worn clothing and worn textile articles; rags No (Unit: US Dollar million, %) APPENDIX Value and proportion of some of the Japan’s importing commodities PROCEEDING OF THE 1ST INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS CONFERENCE BETWEEN VIETNAM AND JAPAN ON ENHANCING BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT BETWEEN VIETNAM AND JAPAN (VJIBC 2019) PROCEEDING OF THE 1ST INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS CONFERENCE BETWEEN VIETNAM AND JAPAN ON ENHANCING BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT BETWEEN VIETNAM AND JAPAN (VJIBC 2019) REASONS GIVEN FOR THE WILDCAT STRIKES IN FDI ENTERPRISES IN SKEZ IN VIETNAM: CASE STUDY OF JAPANESE ENTERPRISES Dr Tran Van Hung University of Finance and Marketing, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam Abstract After 30 years of reform, Vietnam was changed from the central planning economy into market economy together with the profound economic integration; this has facilitated the formation of numerous enterprises especially foreign direct invested enterprises (FDIs) FDI has made great contributions into the achievement of the Vietnamese economic reform as well as created jobs and improved employees’ living conditions the Vietnam’s position in the international arena On the other hand, FDI capital has created the diversity in the economic structure as well as the complexity in industrial relations because they came from different countries Each country has its own culture and management which results in increasingly growing industrial disputes and strikes, According to the Ministry of Labor and War Invalids and Social Welfare from 1995 to late 2017, there were more than 6400 wildcat strikes happened in more than 40 provinces nationwide Most of wildcat strikes happening in FDIs in the Southern key economic zone (SKEZ), accounting for 74% of all strikes This has affected the stability of the socio-economic situation and investment environment in Vietnam greatly That examining characteristics, causes and driving and harmful factors of wildcat strikes is the most concerned mission which helps to design and implement measures that make contributions into building up harmonious industrial relations, limiting conflicts, mitigating disputes and prevent strikes The aim of the present research is to figure out the reasons for the current wildcat strikes among Vietnamese blue-collar workers who are working for Japanese FDI enterprises A group of 288 Vietnamese blue-collar workers (94 males and 194 females) from four Southern Vietnam cities participated in the survey They completed the Reasons Given for Wildcat Strikes questionnaire The descriptive results showed that the highest mean among those reasons is “work exhaustedly, high intensity causing fatigue and inhibition” The result of this research emphasizes the impact of each reason by investigating nonoffice workers’ perspective so as to predict which the potential reasons are for future strikes in Southern Vietnam Keywords: Blue-collar workers, Wildcat Strikes, FDI, Industrial relation, Vietnam 539 PROCEEDING OF THE 1ST INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS CONFERENCE BETWEEN VIETNAM AND JAPAN ON ENHANCING BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT BETWEEN VIETNAM AND JAPAN (VJIBC 2019) INTRODUCTION Over the past years, the Labor Code was continuously amended and supplemented in 2002, 2006, 2007, and 2012 with the purpose of preventing and limiting consequences of strikes as well as promote and create basic foundation for rights and obligations of parties participating in industrial relations to step-bystep put these relations into legal framework However, building and improving industrial relations are facing great difficulties and challenges Wildcat strikes have drawn much attention over the last three decades They have played an important role in Vietnamese labor history (Chi & Broek, 2013) A wildcat strike often referred to a strike action undertaken by unionized workers without union leadership’s authorization, support, or approval (Blanc, 2019) On the ground that strikes in Vietnam rarely last long, it is dispensable for employers to propose legal intervention such as taking legal action against these strikes Therefore, wildcat strikes are those that did not follow the procedures stipulated by the Vietnamese labor law (Anner & Liu, 2016) Almost 74%  of strikes since  1995 have taken place  in the foreign-invested enterprises in Southern Vietnam (Do, 2018) This article begins with a short review of the literature regarding the wildcat strikes in Vietnam Many of the researchers reported that from 1995 to 2010, there were 3,297 strikes, 29.1% occurred in enterprises in HCMC, 540 24.84% in Binh Duong Province, 22.44% in Dong Nai province Thus, in these localities, the number of strikes occurred accounted for 76.4%, other localities accounted for only 23.6% In total 3,297 strikes, there were 2265 strikes in FDI enterprises, accounting for 69%; up to 30.6% were in enterprises from Korea, 37.5% were Taiwanese enterprises Thus strikes in FDI enterprises of these two countries account for 68.1% of the strikes, the remaining countries only account for 31.9% The number of strikes occurred mainly in some textile industries, especially in 2008 (accounting for 40%); mechanics, processing and footwear (31%); the remaining sectors account for 29% (Nguyen Huu Dung, 2012), (Siu & Chan, 2015) According to the report of the Vietnam General Confederation of Labor, from 2009 to June 2016, there were 3,614 concessions in 40 provinces and cities nationwide, concentrated in provinces and cities of SKEZ like Ho Chi Minh City and Dong Nai Nai, Binh Duong The strikes that occurred mainly in FDI enterprises accounted for more than 74% Specifically, strikes occurred in FDI enterprises with more than 2.6750 transactions; Private enterprises occurred 885 (accounting for 25%), state enterprises about 1% Notably, the most striking strikes were Taiwanese enterprises (826, accounting for 31%), Korean enterprises (825 strikes accounted for 31%), Chinese enterprises PROCEEDING OF THE 1ST INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS CONFERENCE BETWEEN VIETNAM AND JAPAN ON ENHANCING BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT BETWEEN VIETNAM AND JAPAN (VJIBC 2019) (220, accounted for 8%), Japanese enterprises are 139 strikes (5%) and other businesses 665 (accounted for 25%) According to industries, most strikes were textile and garment enterprises (1,270), footwear (610), wood processing (373), electronics (241), (Tran Anh, 2016; Duong Minh Anh, 2017; Linh Nguyen, 2017) In 2017 and the first months of 2018, in 39/63 provinces and cities across the country 454 cases occurred The surveys were concentrated in provinces and cities of SKEZ including Binh Duong, Dong Nai, Ho Chi Minh City, Tay Ninh, Long An and Tien Giang with 290 trips, accounting for 64%; Among 454, FDI enterprises occurred 343, accounting for 78.4% (while 2017 alone accounted for only 74%); The rest is from private enterprises Among 343 transactions, FDI enterprises from Korea occurred 151 times, accounting for 44%; Taiwanese enterprises happen 82 times, accounting for 24%; Chinese enterprises are 35, accounting for 10%; Japan occurred 17 times, accounting for 5%; the rest are from other countries (Däubler, 2018, Nhat Minh, 2018) There have been numerous studies investigate the wildcat strikes in Vietnam (Chi & Broek, 2013; Clarke, 2006; Clarke et al., 2007; Kerkvliet, 2011; Khanh, 2015; Nguyen, 2017; Siu & Chan, 2015; Tran, 2007; Van Gramberg, Teicher, & Nguyen, 2013) Tran (2007) pointed out a more fundamental reason – the exploitative nature of the global production chain and the inability of the Vietnamese trade union federation (VGCL) to protect workers’ rights (Tran, 2007) Clarke et al (2007), on the other hand, agreed that the VGCL was on the side of workers, they pointed out that workers’ demands had progressively shifted from struggling for legal rights to struggling for interests(Clarke et al., 2007) Kerkvliet (2011) has documented a comprehensive study of the strikes Using a vast amount of documentary material, he showed that the majority of the strikes in 2006 occurred in FDI enterprises, particularly Taiwanese and South Korean ones Workers went on strike mainly because of low wages, salaries paid in arrears, long working time and abusive management (Kerkvliet, 2011) Although wildcat strikes are not a new topic, there are still a limited number of studies done in Vietnam, especially for on Vietnamese blue-collar workers In order to fill this gap, this research is conducted to explore blue-collar workers’ perception of wildcat strikes in Vietnam The aim of this research is to measure the perception of reasons given for the current wildcat strikes in Vietnam among Vietnamese blue-collar workers, who are working for Japanese FDI enterprises The research starts with reviewing the empirical literature of blue-collar workers’ perception of wildcat strikes A simple 541 PROCEEDING OF THE 1ST INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS CONFERENCE BETWEEN VIETNAM AND JAPAN ON ENHANCING BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT BETWEEN VIETNAM AND JAPAN (VJIBC 2019) analytical framework is introduced in the second section, followed by research methodology, result, and discussion The last section is the conclusion METHODS Data Collection The convenience sampling method was used to pick out Vietnamese blue-collar workers who volunteered to participate in the study and to administer the survey The survey tools were distributed to 350 Vietnamese bluecollar workers of Japanese companies located in Southern Key Economic Zone, Vietnam, of which 288 questionnaires were returned, with a return rate of 82.3%, which had exceeded the 30% response rate most researchers require for analysis (Dillman, 2000) The sample of this study was drawn from 288 respondents who completed the survey tools, including 94 males and 194 females The researcher had contacted individual companies of each Industrial or Export Processing Zones prior to questionnaire distribution The researcher contacted the representatives of each company and, with their consent, explained the purpose of the study before delivering questionnaires Only if all participants were voluntarily willing to complete the questionnaires, the research was conducted The amount of females that engaged in the survey among 288 low-waged workers including 144 workers from Industrial Zones and 144 workers from Export Processing Zones, more than the one of males.  Table shows the distribution of participants in the Southern Focal Economic Zone, Vietnam Table Number of participants in the study and percentage of population 542 PROCEEDING OF THE 1ST INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS CONFERENCE BETWEEN VIETNAM AND JAPAN ON ENHANCING BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT BETWEEN VIETNAM AND JAPAN (VJIBC 2019) Measurement Participants were asked to complete the Reasons Given for Wildcat Strikes (RGWS) questionnaire All participants were instructed to read the questionnaire carefully and choose the responses that best described themselves The questionnaire consists of 20 items measured on a single yes/no scale Vietnamese blue-collar workers are asked to respond either ‘Yes’ or ‘No’ according to how well the questions describe them Data Analysis Descriptive (Cohen, 1988) was performed by using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0 The percentages of responses for the survey scales and items were calculated This analyse was used to explore blue-collar workers’ perspective of reasons given for the current wildcat strikes in Viet Nam 543 PROCEEDING OF THE 1ST INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS CONFERENCE BETWEEN VIETNAM AND JAPAN ON ENHANCING BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT BETWEEN VIETNAM AND JAPAN (VJIBC 2019) RESULTS According to the norms from the questionnaire, the participants scored in the percentage on the scale The percentage of participants who answered “yes” to each item ranged from 28.13% to 46.53% Table shows the percentage distribution of workers for each reason given for the current wildcat strikes The reasons given for the wildcat strikes have been grouped into 20 categories Table 2. Vietnamese blue-collar workers’ perspective of reasons given for the current wildcat strikes Code % Rank Yes No luongthuong 34.72 65.28 11 The company does not increase wages according to regulations and original commitments Tangluong 32.64 67.36 16 The company pays overtime pay lower than regulations of the labor law tangcathap 33.68 66.32 13 The company does not pay or owes the employees’ insurances (Health, Society, Unemployment, Accident) kbaohiem 31.25 68.75 19 The company does not sign labor contracts or collective labor agreements with employees kkyhopdong 31.60 68.40 18 The company infringe upon labor contracts or collective labor agreements regularly viphamhd 32.29 67.71 17 Management of the company has little knowledge about law on labor qlkhieuluat 28.13 71.88 20 Management of the company does not comply with standard, discipline and labor safety qlkantoan 35.07 64.93 10 The company forces workers to work overtime too much that axceeds the law tangcanhieu 33.33 66.67 15 The company does not realize regulations of occupational safety and health kantoanvesinh 38.89 61.11 Employees must work exhaustedly, high intensity causing fatigue and inhibition cvnangnhoc 46.53 53.47 Employees must work in polluted, harmful and unsafe environments mtonhiem 41.32 58.68 The company owes workers for wages, gratuities, extra income 544 PROCEEDING OF THE 1ST INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS CONFERENCE BETWEEN VIETNAM AND JAPAN ON ENHANCING BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT BETWEEN VIETNAM AND JAPAN (VJIBC 2019) Code % Yes No Rank Labor regulations at the company are too strict (for example, the company would cut off emulation, deduct wages or all benefits of workers for faults, failed products, being late at work, ) nqkhatkhe 45.14 54.86 The company shortens or even cancels holidays, New Year and annual holidays, causing pressing knghile 37.50 62.50 The company’s meal is not sufficiently nutritious, does not guarantee food safety buaankdd 40.28 59.72 Employees not get free health care or sickness allowance kchamsocsk 34.03 65.97 12 The company uses non-transparent welfare fund, not intended sdquykrorang 39.24 60.76 Company leaders have cultural conflicts and dealings with employees mauthuanvh 37.50 62.50 xucpham 38.54 61.46 sathaikdung 33.68 66.32 14 Employees are offended at dignity, honour and constitution The company fires employees in contravention of regulations, tends to retaliate transparent in using welfare fund (39.24%) The following features are the shortens or even cancels holidays, New Year and annual holidays, causing pressing, cultural conflicts and deals with around 37.5% per each reason Of all the reasons, there are some reasons that hold the percentages in the range from 28% to 38%, can be successively named: problems of healthcare and sickness allowance (34.07%), low pay for working overtime (33.68%), being owed for wages, gratuities, extra income The percentage of “Labor regulations at (34.72%), unreasonable discharge (33.68%), the company are too strict” is respectively too much overtime (33.33%) and no salary followed by the huge amount of work (45.14%), increase (32.64%) Another uncommon cause polluted working environment (41.32), are: management who did not follow standard, and low-nutrient meals (40.28%), and nondiscipline and labor safety (35.07%), lack of The Figure shows the percentage of respondents who answered “yes” In the population of 288 workers, 46.53% gave the answer that work exhaustedly, high intensity causing fatigue and inhibition, which is the highest percentage our survey had gotten Meanwhile, only 28.13% of them claimed that management of the company had little knowledge about law on labor, which is the lowest numbers recorded.  545 PROCEEDING OF THE 1ST INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS CONFERENCE BETWEEN VIETNAM AND JAPAN ON ENHANCING BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT BETWEEN VIETNAM AND JAPAN (VJIBC 2019) employees’ insurances (31.25%) and issues of conferences (25%) Those 20 causes indicate the blue-collar workers’ assessment about reasons of unofficial strikes in Vietnam, and all of them have not surpassed 50% The company shortens or even cancels holidays, New Year and annual holidays, causing pressing- Company leaders have cultural conflicts and dealings with employees Figure Percentage of Participants who answered “yes” In this article, I have presented evidence to show that in addition to the many other reasons for a wildcat strike action to have become a normal facet of industrial relations in Vietnam However, the vast majority of the Vietnamese blue-collar workers agreed that they are not satisfied with the labor regulations.  DISCUSSION This study indicates that workers’ low satisfaction levels in Southern Key Economic Zone, Vietnam with their salaries and earnings brought about wildcat strikes The results, to some extend, share the parallel findings with 546 previous studies Korpi (1981) in his research concluded that the largest single category concerns Primarily piece-rates; also forms of piece-rates affecting earnings, unpaid wages, low wages due to technical failures new work methods, allowances, prolonged wage negotiations, etc accounting for close to half of all strikes Anner (2017) concluded that salary increase is in great demand, proved by the fact that 41% of the low-waged workers desired to have a raise in their wages Clarke et al (2007) claimed that serious law breaking such as owing or reusing to pay, illegal discharge, insufficient pay for health insurances or wages and withholding on the bonuses were PROCEEDING OF THE 1ST INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS CONFERENCE BETWEEN VIETNAM AND JAPAN ON ENHANCING BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT BETWEEN VIETNAM AND JAPAN (VJIBC 2019) exposed by studying those out-law strikes These findings were supported by Meissner and Hung (2008), besides, they added more reasons such as working overtime without any pay, compulsory excessive overtime and substandard accommodation and diet For the time being, the issue of “wildcat strike”, along with its effective regulation is more and more the hottest industrial relations issue in Vietnam There is a urgent need for a scientific analysis of the this issue’s causes as well as the exploration of practical policy options so as to address those strikes, as a new regulatory framework in the labor law will have a huge impact on the future trend of industrial relations development in Vietnam (Hoang, 2017) The very first aim that I conducted that study was to draw a conclusion that it is crucial to continuously reform the strike policy To make this happen, some required conditions need applying: improving the legal framework in order to come up with strikes and dispute resolution strategies is a legal basics for enhancing the role of actors in labor relations so as to cut down on strikes; and if the strikes occurs, they are obligated to obey the provisions of law Labor disputes could only be settled at the macro-level, which means an optimal solution is much more completing the legal system of labor than resolving issues at local level That the legal framework needs improving is a matter of great urgency on the ground that this action would ensure a mechanism for cooperation, distribution of powers and responsibilities among the State, employers and employees Nevertheless, this research got some certain limitations As the collecting data process only took place one time, it would hardly avoid existing limitations To better observe the workers’ change in attitudes over time, longitudinal study should be much more expedient Survey data are just workers working in Japanese fdi enterprises, not including all businesses from different countries in the region Furthermore, it is to our benefit to conduct qualitative research in an effort to access the workers’ thoughts and feelings about those strikes Besides, the fact those experts’ vital roles are considered to be the most significant resources calls for another study on their perceptions of those causes CONCLUSION To conclude, there are mainly 20 reasons that lead to wildcat strikes according to Vietnamese blue-collar workers’ perception, who are working for Japanese enterprise As far as the authors concern, this is the initial research to consider the reasons of blue-collar workers’ current wildcat strikes in Southern Key Economic Zone, Vietnam All the outcomes of this research are beneficial for the enhancing Vietnamese blue-collar workers’ understanding of out-law strikes The further expectation of conducting this research is to encourage more interests and investigations to bridge the gap between research and its practices 547 PROCEEDING OF THE 1ST INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS CONFERENCE BETWEEN VIETNAM AND JAPAN ON ENHANCING BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT BETWEEN VIETNAM AND JAPAN (VJIBC 2019) REFERENCES Anner, M (2017) Wildcat strikes and Better Work biparfite committees in Vietnam: Toward an elect, represent, protect and empower framework Geneva: International Labour Office.  Anner, M., & Liu, 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