THÔNG TIN TÀI LIỆU
VIETNAM ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES GRADUATE ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES LE THI LAM SOCIAL WORK WITH GROUP FOR FEMALE STUDENTS IN SEXUAL HARASSMENT PREVENTION Major: Social work Major code: 76 01 01 SUMMARY OF DOCTORAL THESIS HANOI - 2020 The work has been completed at: GRADUATE ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES Assoc Prof Dr Do T Reviewer 1: Reviewer 2: Reviewer 3: The thesis is defended in front of the doctoral examination council, held at the Graduate academy of social sciences At …… hour , date… month… year 2020 The thesis can be found at: National Library and The Library of Graduate academy of social sciences INTRODUCTION The necessity of the thesis Sexual harassment is sexual gestures and behaviors that make the other person feel psychologically and sexually uncomfortable, such as a man's gaze, intentionally revealing genitals , whistling, mocking about appearances or flirting, flirting with sexually suggestive messages or, more severely, sexual assault, sexual assault It is a prominent and pressing issue in the public opinion today Sexual harassment has serious consequences for social and personal development, with the direct disadvantage being women and girls, including students Although the social work profession has just been established, it has proved its importance, influence and contribution to society through specific professional methods such as social work with groups and social work association with individuals, community development After Project 32 on the development of the social work profession of the Government was born in 2010, the social work industry has been widely deployed in education and practice Most recently, on January 25, 2017, the Ministry of Education and Training issued Decision 327 on the Social Work Career Development Plan in the Education Sector for the period 2017-2020, confirming the advantages of the Work Profession society in solving school issues in general, sexual harassment in particular Students are at high risk of sexual harassment because most of them are young people, many of whom live far away from their families and accommodation, which are not safe, often work part-time jobs and participate in public transport Students who have real experience on this issue are not small, according to the survey of students' experiences and attitudes towards sexual harassment in Da Nang shows that 39.3% of students said Of those who had witnessed or been sexually harassed by others, 21.3% of others reported having been sexually harassed Common forms of sexual harassment include: making eye contact, whistling, teasing, vulgar comments about appearance, staring at a body part, flirting, harassment by email, text message, suggestion of forcing sex to get promoted, keep a job, being exposed to someone else's genitals, being raped, If equipped with the knowledge and skills about Preventing and interfering with sexual harassment, not only helps students to protect themselves but also serve their future career activities Through the integration in teaching, integrating and applying in class homerooms or organizing extracurricular activities for students from preschool to high school, teachers, social workers Future psychologists will be the core individuals / groups that will assist students, children, and the community in preventing and responding to sexual harassment Based on the data of recent surveys as well as current social practices with a series of serious harassment, abuse and violence incidents across the country; Based on the role and mission of the profession, social work and the student's mind - birth - social characteristics make students one of the subjects at high risk of sexual harassment; Shows the selection of the topic "Social work with groups for female students in preventing sexual harassment" is a necessary and meaningful job both in theory and practice and is a new approach nowadays Purpose and research task 2.1 Research purpose On the basis of theoretical research and the situation of social work with the group for female students to prevent sexual harassment; The thesis proposes and tests social work activities with groups to form and strengthen the capacity of preventing sexual harassment of female students 2.2 Research task The thesis will focus on clarifying the following basic tasks: - Overview of national and international studies related to sexual harassment prevention; - Research the theoretical basis for social work with groups of female students in preventing sexual harassment; - Assess needs of participating in social work activities to improve students' knowledge and skills to prevent sexual harassment and the status of social work activities with groups in preventing sexual harassment for students It has since clarified the role of social work with the group in forming knowledge and skills to prevent sexual harassment for female students; - Proposing and testing social work activities with groups of female students in preventing sexual harassment Object and scope of the thesis 3.1 Reasearch subjects Social work with group for female students in preventing sexual harassment 3.2 Research scope 3.2.1 Research content The research content is limited to building and testing social work activities with groups for female students in preventing sexual harassment The content of the activity is based on current gaps in knowledge and skills in preventing sexual harassment of female students as well as their needs (i.e some of the factors that are personal in nature) without taking into account external social environmental factors 3.2.2 Research object - Female students studying at universities in Danang City; Managers and social workers at centers and facilities provide various types of social work activities to prevent sexual harassment for female students today; Managers and lecturers at the university 3.2.3 The study duration The thesis is conducted from April 2016 to July 2019 Methodology and research methods 4.1 Research methodology The thesis is made on the basis of selective acquisition of theories supporting the interpretation of human behavior in social environments; Examining the issue of sexual harassment and preventing sexual harassment in the context of Vietnamese culture, the psychology of Vietnamese people in dealing with issues related to sex, sex and gender Especially, the approach is based on one of the three main interventions of social work, which is social work with the group, through group interaction to improve the prevention of sexual harassment of female students 4.2 Research methods 4.2.1 Methods of researching documents and materials 4.2.2 Method of experts 4.2.3 Survey method by questionnaire 4.2.4 In-depth interview method 4.2.5 Observing method 4.2.6 Experimental method 4.2.7 Methods of processing data by mathematical statistics New scientific contributions of the thesis In the context of preventing sexual harassment and social work in preventing sexual harassment is a new research problem in Vietnam, the thesis has conducted an overview of the domestic and foreign research works on the situation of research, analysis, the system of contributions of existing studies and indicate the gap that needs strengthening On that basis, a theoretical framework for social work with groups for female students in sexual harassment prevention was established The study contributes to reflect the current status and effectiveness of social work activities in preventing sexual harassment for female students currently within the university framework The thesis addresses the limitations of this work but it is the point of interest to build more effective social work activities Social work with groups of female students in prevention of sexual harassment aims at levels (i) prevention of "new cases", (ii) prevention of reoccurrence, (iii) minimizing The impact caused by sexual harassment to the victim has been proposed with the content and specific implementation method, taking into account the appropriateness of the student's level of knowledge, demonstrating the application of the method, social work process with the group in capacity to protect themselves against sexual harassment Testing this activity in practice has shown its feasibility and effectiveness for forming and consolidating knowledge and skills to prevent sexual harassment for female students The analysis also points out the factors that influence the effectiveness of this activity towards improving the model of sexual harassment prevention for students in schools This approach not only helps female students protect themselves but also contributes to the promotion of their trained expertise The thesis provides references about social work in the context that this is a young industry in Vietnam; At the same time, it is also a handshake towards building a safe, non-violent community with women and girls Theoretical and practical contribution of the thesis 6.1 Theoretical contribution of the thesis: The thesis contributes to systematize and generalize on the basis of theoretical evidence on prevention of sexual harassment, social work with groups in prevention of sexual harassment; Content, form and approach in social work with groups to prevent sexual harassment for female students Forming a model of social work activities with groups in education to prevent sexual harassment of female students, in accordance with the conditions of female students in the framework of the university's learning and training program 6.2 Practical contribution of the thesis: The thesis reflects the current situation of social work activities with the group in preventing female sexual harassment of students This shows that the social work activities in prevention of sexual harassment of existing female students are more about interventions, remedial rather than prevention so that they not happen or repeat, the main form is to work individuals, social work activities with groups are organized but not in accordance with the nature and process of social work methods with groups The reality of female students' understanding of sexual harassment is still incomplete, accurate and their skills in preventing sexual harassment are still limited, students with experience or no experience with sexual harassment education, with or without social activities in the prevention of sexual harassment, there are not really effective responses to situations of sexual harassment That fact shows that the prevention of sexual harassment that the thesis is approaching includes levels is reasonable; It is imperative to establish social work with the group for female students in preventing sexual harassment The thesis contributes to providing databases and references for the fields of public policy, social work, psychology and education, serving in research and training related to care work , educating and protecting female students; A useful document in teaching modules related to gender, gender equality, social work with disadvantaged women The results of the thesis aim to contribute to building a safe, friendly and civilized community Structure of the thesis In addition to the introduction, conclusion, list of references, the thesis has chapters: Chapter Overview of the research situation Chapter Theoretical issues of social work with group for female students in sexual harassment prevention Chapter Research methods on social work with groups for female students in sexual harassment prevention Chapter 4: Current situation of social work with groups for female students in sexual harassment prevention in Da Nang city Chapter 5: Testing social work with groups for female students in sexual harassment prevention Chapter OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH SITUATION To contribute to the review of researches related to sexual harassment and social work with groups of female students in the systematic and comprehensive prevention of sexual harassment The dissertation summarized and analyzed existing studies, selected and inherited the results of many domestic and foreign constructions, and continued to clarify the tasks set out for thesis and practice in research The literature review provides a broad overview of research issues, from the concept of sexual harassment, causes, perpetrators and social work with groups in sexual harassment prevention 1.1 Sexual harassment studies Sexual harassment studies around the world show different perspectives on the definition of sexual harassment and though they were approached very early, especially in the US and the West Europe but the definition of sexual harassment is still controversial and difficult to agree Some findings, including: (i) Sexual harassment is a form of violence in which victims are often women, verbal harassment is more common than other forms Sexual harassment causes negative effects on the victim's psychology, work, and relationships Research on the prevention and treatment of sexual harassment victims and victims is still limited; (ii) Sexual harassment has become one of the issues that attract a lot of social attention but is also the most easily misunderstood in the law In Vietnam, this issue has only been concerned for the past decade The studies are primarily approached from a legal or public policy perspective, initially concerned with sexual harassment in the workplace A number of sociological surveys were also conducted to clarify the situation, manifestations, causes of sexual harassment, people's experiences with issues related to sexual harassment, challenges in Prevention and response to sexual harassment and other forms of sexual violence The studies mainly stop at the perspective of considering policies on sexual harassment in laws, surveys to clarify people's experiences with issues related to sexual harassment, challenges in prevention Prevention and response to sexual harassment and other forms of sexual violence, activities to prevent sexual abuse for children 1.2 Studies on group social work in sexual harassment prevention and intervention Overview of studies around the world show that many training programs are offered in the United States, Canada and the United Kingdom for identify and prevent sexual harassment in organizations and in schools, targeting large groups While these preventive actions contribute to the necessary protection of sexual harassment cases and the widespread recognition of sexual harassment as a current issue in society, they are still It is not clear whether they have succeeded in changing or not the organizational or personal factors that may be associated with sexual harassment There is no empirical evidence for a universal assessment of the effectiveness of any of the aforementioned programs, and this is an important question that even today has not been answered The need for current program effectiveness evaluation studies is clearly to take a step forward in preventing sexual harassment In Vietnam in recent years, a number of programs to prevent and intervene in sexual harassment at the workplace, to develop a code of workplace code of conduct; Develop and organize prevention programs But in general, the target is just children, preventing child sexual abuse or sex education for children in the community Although social work activities in support of victims of sexual harassment, abuse and prevention of sexual harassment are in practice, few published studies have been published on this activity , from the content, interventions and effectiveness of the assistance Regarding social work with the group in preventing sexual harassment for female students, there is currently no comprehensive or systematic research or research program on theory and practice The subject of sexual harassment is a female student who has not been intensively studied, but mixed in with the female subject While students are generally considered to be the mainstay force and pillar of the home country, the core force for building a new society, there is a risk of facing insecurity with sexual harassment Conclusion of Chapter Literature review shows the issue of sexual harassment and social work with groups for female students in the prevention of sexual harassment is a research interest of many different sciences in the world gender The most common victims of sexual harassment are women and girls in many countries, economically or undeveloped, in various forms of harassment; The care and prevention programs are quite diverse However, the role of school-based sexual harassment prevention, especially higher education, has not been clarified Activities to prevent sexual harassment for students should be given due attention, thereby contributing to ensure a safe environment for students to study and develop best At the same time, train students who are conscious and knowledgeable to join hands to solve social issues From this practice, this study raises two questions: (i) Which social work measures have been applied to help students in the study area prevent from sexual harassment? How to help female students prevent sexual harassment to the extent that they meet female students' needs ?, (ii) Can social activities be organized with groups to improve their capacity? effectively preventing sexual harassment for schoolbased students ?; If done, what is the procedure, content, how to it ? Therefore, assessing the situation of social work activities with groups of female students in preventing sexual harassment, thereby proposing social work measures to prevent sexual harassment for female students is the direction New and urgent approach today Chapter THEORETICAL ISSUES OF SOCIAL WORK WITH GROUP FOR FEMALE STUDENTS IN SEXUAL HARASSMENT PREVENTION Based on the concept of sexual harassment prevention and social work with group, a theoretical framework for research issues is formed The concept of "Social work with group for female students in preventing sexual harassment" is implemented in aspects from the definition, content, process, theoretical supportive arguments, as well as weak points Factors affecting group social work for female students in sexual harassment prevention 2.1 Sexual harassment prevention 2.1.1 Sexual harassment The thesis inherited the above views and used the approach of UN Women on sexual harassment to build concepts for the topic Accordingly, sexual harassment includes sexual gestures and behaviors that make the opponent feel uncomfortable psychologically and sexually as men stare, intentionally expose their genitals and whistles flirting, commenting on appearance or flirting, flirting with sexually suggestive messages or, to a greater extent, can be rape or sexual assault In Vietnamese culture, depending on the specific situation, some manifestations of sexual harassment identified above can be considered as sexual harassment However, it is sexually harassing if the manifestations are full of the main characteristics: (i) the act does not have the consent, permission of the target audience, (ii) is sexually implicated and (iii) make the target audience feel uncomfortable psychologically and sexually 2.1.2 Prevention The concept of prevention in the thesis is considered from the perspective of social work: Prevention is one of the four important functions of social work (Prevention, treatment, rehabilitation and development) This is a guiding function, helping vulnerable individuals, groups and communities to prevent negative psychological, social and economic problems that can occur by using tools preventive The forms of prevention of social work are diverse Social workers can set up service programs before problems occur, to prevent and prevent difficult situations that may occur In addition, this function can be shown in preventing the re-occurrence of social problems of individuals, groups and communities 2.1.3 Sexual harassment prevention Sexual harassment prevention is a systematic, comprehensive program that includes activities for a specified period of time in order not to cause sexual harassment or if it does not occur to repeat or limit to the lowest the consequences for the victim This overall program has the goal of preventing sexual harassment; content of sexual harassment prevention; forms, methods and means of preventing sexual harassment, ways of evaluating and evaluating preventive results The implementation of preventive activities helps individuals, groups and communities to be equipped with and raise awareness, attitude and correct and effective handling skills against situations at risk of sexual harassment Within the scope of this thesis, the connotation of the concept of prevention of sexual harassment thus covers a wide range of activities: Prevention of sexual harassment before such acts occur (prevention of "New cases" ); Preventing the repeated situation of sexual harassment (preventing victims of continued sexual harassment and the subject of sexual harassment to end their harassment); Preventing or limiting the effects / consequences of sexual harassment by introducing and providing short-term and long-term support and care services 2.2 Social work with group The author of the thesis references and analyzes the concept of social work with the group of domestic and foreign documents by Toseland Rivas (1998), Nguyen Thi Thai Thailand (2012), Nguyen Thi Thanh Huong (2011) On that basis, social work with groups is a method / activity of social work to help strengthen and strengthen the social functions of individuals through group activities and the ability to cope with problems of personal That is the process of social workers using group activities to help individuals interact with each other, share experiences, think with each other, make changes in behavioral c Method of implementation: The cited and reference documents are searched on PsycINFO, Pubmed, Electronic library ofUniversity Catholic(America), electronic library of University of Melbourne (Australia) and no time limit Keyword searches include "sexual harassment", "definition of." sexual harassment","research on sexual harassment"; "Prevention of sexual harassment"; "Social work in preventing sexual harassment" In addition, to augment the data, the study opted for advanced search on Google scholar with no time limit on publication and author Articles from the proceedings of national and international conferences as well as summaries of research topics related to research issues were also used The selection of documents is based on the following criteria: Articles in English or Vietnamese; Full text articles in PDF files, monographs, researches fully describe the indicators of research tools such as reliability, validity, sufficient number of representative samples Finally, there are 123 documents, the study was screened and met the criteria 3.2.2.2 Expert method a Purpose: To be used in this topic as one of the main methods to gather opinions of experienced, knowledgeable persons in the field of sexual harassment prevention research and on The research content of the topic because this is an interdisciplinary topic b.Contents: Research(i) Experience in preventing sexual harassment in Vietnam and around the world; (ii) The school's role in education to prevent sexual harassment and abuse; Conditions for carrying out sexual harassment prevention education in schools; (iii) Discuss issues related to content, research methods and remaining issues, which need adjustments and supplements in the research results of the thesis on social work activities in supporting support for sexual harassment prevention c Method of implementation: The main form of implementation is in the form of expert conferences and seminars The results are recorded in a record format During the implementation process, the study organized (i) 01 conference on developing a program to prevent child sexual abuse / harassment With the participation of representatives of the schools in Da Nang City, in collaboration to participate in research, representatives of the Education Department, representatives of the Center for providing social work services in Da Nang City; lecturer, research team member of Department of Psychology Education, University of Education, University of Danang (ii) 01 scientific seminar on the topic "The role of social work in supporting women and girls who are sexually harassed", with the participation of lecturers from the Social Work Group and representatives of Department of Psychology - Education, University of Education, University of Danang 3.2.2.3 Survey method by questionnaire 12 a Purpose: In the quantitative survey / assessment, the questionnaire will be designed to find out (i) the status of knowledge and skills of female students in preventing sexual harassment; (ii) Current situation of female students' needs in preventing sexual harassment; ii) Current situation of social work activities with the group in female sexual harassment prevention today Thereby creating the basis for proposing social work activities with the group for female students in preventing sexual harassment b Survey content and evaluation scale: 1) The needs of female students for social work activities in preventing sexual harassment, specific needs of female students if participating in social work activities in the prevention of sexual harassment 2) Knowledge and skills to prevent sexual harassment of female students, including closed and open questions with different levels and content of evaluation c Survey object: The survey sample was selected by convenient, nonrandom sampling method, based on the voluntary participation of the survey subjects In which, 618 female students voluntarily participate in providing information, they are currently studying at the member schools of the University of Danang In addition, the study also organized interviews and interviews with 20 social workers and 05 managers at facilities providing social work services related to prevention of sexual harassment 3.2.2.4 In-depth interview method a Purpose: In order to find out and collect additional information to clarify contents and issues discovered through other methods, to find solutions to improve the effectiveness of activities to prevent sexual harassment for girls tablets b Contents of interview: (i) Activities to help female students prevent and prevent sexual harassment at the present unit; (ii) Effective measures to prevent sexual harassment for students; (iii) Advantages and difficulties in carrying out activities to prevent sexual harassment for students; (iv) When a female sexually abusive situation occurs, how is the unit / agency supporting / dealing (with or without a letter) (v) Proposed measures to help effectively prevent sexual harassment of female students c Method of implementation: Research and design a number of semistructured and unstructured interview samples Subjects interviewed are representatives of the school administration: 01 person, student work room: 01 person; Representatives of the faculties of the faculties: 04 people, representatives of the Delegation: 01 people, Student Union and some lecturers at the schools where students participated in the survey: 03 people In addition, the study also conducted interviews with representatives of centers and facilities that provide social work services to female students in preventing 13 sexual harassment (Da Nang Mental Hospital: 01 person; Center for providing social work services in Danang: 01 person; Da Nang Women's Union: 01 person; Family counseling center: 01 person) 3.2.2.5 Observation method This method is used throughout the research process, by observing the group members' actions, behaviors and attitudes when participating in group activities so that the organizer can assess the skills of the group members group members and group interaction characteristics, the group atmosphere from which appropriate support measures are provided, providing data to build a more appropriate group living plan This is also a method to help researchers re-evaluate the set operational goals, as well as the progress of the group members 3.2.2.6 Experimental methods a Purpose: An experiment was conducted to examine the feasibility of social work with the proposed group to formulate knowledge and skills to prevent sexual harassment for female students Evaluate effectiveness and consider factors affecting effectiveness when implementing activities in practice b Experimental content: Conducting group social work activities for female students to form and strengthen knowledge and skills to prevent sexual harassment, proposed with the following main contents: (1) General issues of social work activities with groups of female students in prevention of sexual harassment (2) Guidelines for implementation of specific modules of social work programs with groups in sexual harassment prevention education sexual disorders c Method of implementation: Experimental study selection without control group The solution was selected based on a random method Conducted through two stages: (1) training students on the test group of knowledge and skills to prevent sexual harassment; (2) Strengthen knowledge and skills to prevent sexual harassment for the test group by a method for them to retrain the curriculum for junior high school and high school students in the community 3.2.2.7 Methods of data processing by mathematical statistics Purpose used to process, analyze, quantify and quantify research results, ensure the reliability and objectivity in the permissible errors, The software used is SPSS 22.0 Indicators used in statistical analysis include: - Descriptive statistics: quantity, percentage, average score and standard deviation are used to describe the current status of social work activities in preventing sexual harassment for female students - Inference statistics: Compare t-tests and chi-squared tests used to clarify the effectiveness of social work activities with groups between groups 14 that have participated and never participated in social work activities with the group The statistical significance level is determined as 0.05 Conclusion of Chapter Based on the theoretical framework of sexual harassment prevention, group social work and group social work in female sexual harassment prevention; And based on the reference of methods and tools in a number of related studies; The research methods used in the thesis are a combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods; The process is carried out seriously, closely, respecting the objectivity and authenticity, thereby clarifying the research contents identified in the thesis Chapter CURRENT SITUATION OF SOCIAL WORK WITH GROUPS FOR FEMALE STUDENTS IN SEXUAL HARASSMENT PREVENTION IN DA NANG CITY 4.1 The needs of female students for social work activities in preventing sexual harassment Through the results of the situation of female students' needs for social work activities to help prevent sexual harassment, it is shown that: (i) Needs of female students: Regarding the type of social work: The results show that assistance activities related to emergency assistance (safe accommodation, emergency interventions, etc.), medical, health, psychological, and educational support are all highest demand (ranging from 50% to 77%) In particular, the type of psychological support, many people want this activity can help them "improve their self-confidence" (80.5%); help "relieve stress anxiety" (72.3%), help "enhance the ability to communicate with friends" (68.1%) These are also essential elements that each individual needs to be equipped with, because having a good attitude, confidence, and calm to handle the situation will help them prevent and respond better to behaviors sexual harassment; About the desired knowledge and skills to be provided: Female students need different levels of support for sexual harassment prevention Most of them want to be equipped with the general knowledge about general sexual harassment issues, special prevention skills such as sexual harassment risk identification and self-defense skills dangerous situations, skills to seek help; Go venue and time: The classroom or campus are the two most desired girls' venues, with more than half of the audience choosing class In terms of organization time, in many options listed, if held on Saturday, Sunday or during office hours, the majority of female students choose; About the implementer: The most desirable female students are experts, followed by community officials or lecturers; In terms of implementation 15 form: Peer education, discussion and teamwork, seminars are the three options that students choose the most These are the basis for contributing to building and organizing social work activities in preventing sexual harassment for female students effectively (ii) The level of meeting the needs of social work activitiessocial: There have been certainactivities, programs and services in preventing sexual harassment for girls but not really The diversity and forms of professional and in-depth assistance are still modest In general, the existing activities have not met the needs of the subjects 4.2 Social activities with the group in prevention of sexual harassment of female students at present The current situation of social work with groups in preventing female sexual harassment in Da Nang city is now clarified through three sources of information: (1) Research results and newspapers summary report on the prevention of sexual harassment in the area (in the last 10 years); (2) Data of indepth interviews representing units and facilities are responsible for participating in the support and prevention of sexual harassment in the area; (3) Analytical data of semi-structured interview results of 618 female students currently studying at member universities of the University of Danang The results obtained show: Regarding the types of social work activities with groups in preventing sexual harassment: The results show that in recent years, there have been certain social work activities in the study area, but mostly to prevent and protect women and women girls before gender violence in general The main mode of implementation is communication programs and events targeting women and girls in the community or workers at the workplace by the Department of Labor, War Invalids and Social Affairs or departments Other branches preside over Social activities with groups to prevent sexual harassment for female students are few and even none Analyzing the experience of female students with different types of social work activities in support of sexual harassment prevention, the results showed that female students had experiences with different types of social work in prevention be sexually harassed to varying degrees Education support, psychological support and medical and health care support are the three most popular options 154/170 participants reported having experience with activities related to education support (86.5%) Psychological support has 120/170 female students experienced, accounting for 60.6% (2nd rank), medical and health care support is 53.5% (ranked 3rd) Other types of clients include a lower number of clients, ranging from 11-22%, including legal assistance, safe housing and support for victims' families For various reasons, it seems that these activities have not met the expectations of female students; 16 Regarding the content of social work activities with the group: The main activities are aiming at or preventing gender violence, domestic violence, reducing gender inequality, responding to prevention of sexual harassment at the workplace job; Or, to intervene and limit the impacts and consequences of sexual harassment on victims by women in the community In schools, activities preventive educationare mainly integrated in extracurricular activities at some high schools or integrate a small part in university subjects but the content is still simple, not helping for girls to have effective prevention skills; About applied social work method: Social activities with the group have been implemented in certain activities such as club activities, extracurricular activities, integrated in some subjects memorize the training program these activities are aimed at providing life skills, soft skills in general for students, and can indirectly help female students to prevent sexual harassment However, these activities are essentially group form, including individuals who form groups, lack of group interaction, basically not social activities with the group, not following the process as well as the characteristics of the social work method with the group; Regarding the effectiveness of social work with the group: The status of knowledge and skills to prevent sexual harassment of female students is still limited, there is no significant difference between the students participating in the activities Social work in preventing sexual harassment with female students, whether or not they are participating This partly shows that the social work activities in general and the social work with the group in particular have not yet promoted the role and effectiveness in forming the capacity to prevent sexual harassment for female students; Especially, the female students are confused in identifying some sexual harassment situations Female students correctly identify situations of sexual harassment with physical touch, easy to observe and measure For acts expressed through speech, or nonverbal gestures, online sexual harassment, female students are still confused with other forms such as teasing and flirting Female students have certain skills to help themselves to prevent and deal with sexual harassment situations However, the responses to sexual harassment of female students who have experience with actual sexual harassment situations with unexperienced female students are not the same In situations where the assumption of experience seems to be that the female student is calmer and has better control over the problem than the response of a female student with real experience; Feeling scared, shunned, silent or running away are reactions that occur in the majority of female students who experience sexual harassment For a number of reasons, some girls' prevention and response skills to sexual harassment still seem to be limited There are barriers from the outside 17 and from the female students themselves that are controlling the female sexual harassment prevention and response skills such as sexual harassment, which is very complicated and the culprit for many different tricks make it difficult to prevent; victims with overwhelming fear lead to not dare, not know how to react to the situation; schoolgirls not believe in their own workarounds; feeling ashamed to share your experience; not daring to speak out for fear of being hit, scolded or afraid of retaliation, having trouble sharing or responding to sexual harassment; fear of being blamed and others not believing their story Especially the failure to identify situations at risk to actively prevent is the reason leading to the girls feel surprised and passive before experiences with sexual harassment Conclusion of chapter Through the results of the actual situation of the needs of female students with prevention activities; The situation of social work activities with the group in preventing sexual harassment for female students, we found that: Female students with high needs have the knowledge and skills to help themselves prevent and secure themselves full before sexual harassment Female students wishing to participate in preventive education activities to improve their understanding of the basics of sexual harassment and to develop skills that enable themselves to identify at-risk situations be subjected to sexual harassment, know how to manage emotions and respond effectively to dangerous situations From the needs as well as the limitations of female students' capacity to prevent sexual harassment in the context of social work activities with the group to support female students in preventing sexual harassment Regarding the content and methods of implementation, raising the issue of building social work activities with the group through which not only helps raise awareness but also to train and strengthen prevention skills with sexual harassment ; On that basis, female students are able to apply effectively to handle practical situations Sexual harassment prevention activities need to be approached on levels: “Prevention of new cases”, “Prevention of re-sexual harassment” and help to “minimize the consequences” From the need situation of female students , the situation of social work with group in preventing sexual harassment for female students, making demands on the social work with group activities to prevention sexual harassment needs to be further strengthened in terms of both content and innovation in how it is implemented; At the same time, it is the basis for researchers to propose the content and form of social work activities for female students to improve their capacity to prevent sexual harassment 18 Chapter EXPERIMENTS ON SOCIAL WORK WITH GROUP FOR FEMALE STUDENTS IN SEXUAL HARASSMENT PREVENTION 5.1 Basis for proposing social work activities with groups for female students in prevention of sexual harassment Social work activities with groups for female students in prevention of sexual harassment are proposed based on Facilities: (i) The current situation of social work with the group in preventing sexual harassment for female students in the area is still lacking and weak, the capacity to prevent sexual harassment of female students Membership is still limited (ii) The psychosocial characteristics and experiences of female students with sexual harassment show that sexual harassment is one of the risks that female students are facing (iii) Access to group social work is one of the basic methods of social work and school social work (iv) Background and role of social work sectors 5.2 Proposal of social work activities with groups for female students in prevention of sexual harassment On the basis of the operational goals , through the use of group interactions to help students strengthen themselves through the formation of confidence and confidence; Equipping students with basic knowledge about education to prevent sexual harassment of female students; Initially training and strengthening the female students basic skills to prevent and handle sexual harassment situations From which students have an attitude of respect for self and others, as well as condemning the acts of sexual harassment, become the"extendedarm"spreading activities to the community The study proposed social work activities with groups of female students in prevention of sexual harassment with the following main contents : (i) General issues of sexual harassment prevention; (ii) Skills to prevent sexual harassment (Skills to identify risks of sexual harassment; Skills to control emotions for students in situations where there is a risk of sexual harassment; Self-defense skills in the face of dangerous situations for students; Skills to seek help when facing difficulties and dangers; Communication skills and support to prevent sexual harassment) The process of carrying out group social activities for female students in sexual harassment prevention includes stages: (i) Preparing to form a group; (ii) The group started operating; (iii) Intervene and perform duties; (iv) Closing the group Conditions for implementing activities are specified, including time, location, and participants of the program; support conditions (policies, facilities; coordination) To assess the results of social work activities with groups of female students in the prevention of sexual 19 harassment, the study used evaluation methods such as: Self-assessment form; Knowledge test; Checklist of observation skills; Diary of group member; Diary of inspector Evaluation forms include: Evaluation in the process of organizing group activities; Evaluate before and after activities; Review summary The evaluation process will be conducted by the parties involved in the organization of activities such as: Training of coaches, training experts; Parents of students, community officials; Students (self-assessment); Students (self-assessment) 5.3 Experiments results of social work with groups for female students in sexual harassment prevention 5.3.1 Assessing the results of social work with group experiments with female students in sexual harassment prevention Objective 1: Through applying social work methods to the group to formulate and improve knowledge and sexual harassment prevention skills for test group students The results of the process show all content in activities trainingfor team members are needed and bring certain effect in improving the understanding of the group members to prevent sexual harassment, initially formed a group member skills Prevention of sexual harassment, applying social work methods to groups to educate and prevent sexual harassment for children in the community Objective 2: Group members gain knowledge and skills to prevent sexual harassment through dissemination of activities Outreach to children in the community The results of the pilot training show that the program has made a significant difference from changing perceptions of sexual harassment to establishing initial skills to help prevent Preventing sexual harassment and abuse for children and students in the community The test results are a vivid demonstration that the test team students have consolidated the knowledge and skills formed in phase The test team has well absorbed the knowledge and skills from the program , mastering a program on prevention of sexual harassment, effectively conveying the program to other subjects through group social work education In order to improve the effectiveness of the program, some adjustments need to be made in terms of duration, content and practical organization Objective 3: Establish a positive attitude to improve sexual harassment prevention education skills for students in the pilot group The trial of social work activities with the group in preventing female sexual harassment was conducted according to a 4-stage process that was found to be appropriate, contributing to the achievement of the goals of prevention activities Prevention towards The process of group activities, among the group members with active, multi-dimensional coordination, weak or negative interactions are quickly discovered and resolved The interactive nature of 20 group members has a strong transformation when the group working in the community and the group members unify their goals, needs and goals 5.3.2 Factors affecting the effectiveness of social work with group for female student in sexual harassment prevention The effective pilot program is recognized by the community, besides, some issues on organizational conditions as well as the method of implementation is also learned Since then, the factors affecting the effectiveness of social work activities with the group in preventing sexual harassment have been discovered and mentioned: The "dual" goal towards both improving knowledge and skills For students, helping them to protect themselves against sexual harassment, contributing to promoting the training of newly spread students to help the community to be more safe with sexual harassment This approach motivates members to become more aware and accountable In addition, the rich, rich content of knowledge and skills mentioned in the activity requires a long preparation process, and the coordination of many forces involved The susceptibility of sexual harassment, the level of experience with group sexual harassment situations of members, impacts from cultural factors, gender conception and gender equality are also one of the issues threads that the performance process detected The activity is the application of group social work in sexual harassment prevention education, requiring students to be equipped with the basic knowledge of the method, understanding and mastering the skills of methods of social work with the group, knowledge of group dynamics, skills to handle situations occurring during group activities The influence of group members' psychology, external factors, the degree of coordination among the participating forces, the preparation time, and methods of implementation have limited the effectiveness of the program have also been discussed Conclusion of chapter Group social work activities for female students in prevention of sexual harassment are proposed based on social work approaches such as human needs based approach, rights based approach and approach based on social work with the group; Ensure proper 4-step process of social work method with team The testing process shows that the basic operation achieves the goal towards Through group interaction helps students improve their strength, practice confidence; students are systematically equipped with basic knowledge about social work with groups in sexual harassment prevention education; Initially forming and training students with the skills to prevent and respond to situations at risk of sexual harassment Since then students have the attitude to respect themselves and others as well as condemn sexual harassment, becoming the "extended arms" spreading the program to the community 21 The results of the pilot group's training course on social work activities with the group in preventing sexual harassment for students in the community showed that this activity was effective: the children in the community have changed awareness of sexual harassment and initially develop skills to help prevent sexual harassment and abuse Thus, students of the testing group have consolidated the knowledge and skills of the program, able to convey that program to other subjects effectively by social work methods with the group CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS Sexual harassment is a very complicated and painful situation for modern society However, despite the consequences of sexual harassment, many countries around the world and Vietnam still not have effective interventions to end the situation Sexual harassment and prevention of sexual harassment is a research concern of many different sciences In Vietnam, research on sexual harassment is mainly conducted by projects and nongovernmental organizations, focusing on reflecting the current situation of sexual harassment of women and girls Preventive activities are also starting to be concerned, but the focus is on children, high school students, prevention studies for students are very rare and social work in Sexual harassment prevention for female students is still a gap that needs to be filled, there is no comprehensive program, research on theory and practice The fact shows that research on social work for female students in preventing sexual harassment is a new and urgent approach today The results of research on the theoretical basis of social work with groups and social work with groups for female students in prevention of sexual harassment clarified group social work for female students in the room Preventing sexual harassment is an activity to strengthen and strengthen knowledge and skills to prevent sexual harassment through group interaction That is the process of social workers using group activities to help members interact with each other, share experiences, think with each other, thereby creating changes in attitudes, behaviors, strengthen the ability to respond to sexual harassment The process of social work with groups for female students in sexual harassment prevention education is the process of interaction between group members that takes place throughout the life of the group, including The steps are sequentially designed to help group members build their capacity to prevent sexual harassment, following the basic steps (i) Prepare and form a group; (ii) The group started operating; (iii) Intervention / task execution and (iv) termination The content of group social work for female students in sexual harassment prevention education focuses on clarifying two issues (i) General issues of sexual harassment prevention; (ii) Skills to prevent sexual harassment From 22 this theoretical framework is the basis for practical research and propose social work activities for female students in sexual harassment prevention The study contributes to clarifying the real situation of female perceptions about sexual harassment; status of prevention skills for sexual harassment of female students, status of social work activities with groups in sexual harassment prevention Female students' skills in preventing and dealing with sexual harassment situations are still limited There is a difference between female students who have experienced sexual harassment and female students who have not experienced it In situations where a student's experience seems to be calmer and more in control of a problem than a response of a female student with real experience, fear, shirk, silence, or running away, The reaction appears in the majority of female students who experience sexual harassment The barriers that come from both outside and from female students themselves are controlling the sexual harassment prevention and response skills of female students discovered in the study Research on the current status of social work activities in preventing sexual harassment for female students now shows that there are certain social work activities, towards prevention and intervention sex for female students however is still primarily a personal intervention for the victims Although there have been certain activities of group social activities, it has not yet brought the full characteristics and nature of the method of social work to the group In general, these activities did not meet the needs and needs of female students in sexual harassment prevention The model of social work activities with groups in preventing sexual harassment for female students was proposed based on the approaches of the social work sector such as based on human needs, approach based on human needs on right and interdisciplinary approach Including the components: Purpose, content, implementation process and efficiency evaluation The process follows four stages of social work with the group The testing process shows that the social work with the group in preventing sexual harassment for female students is effective These activities constitute two stages proving that, in addition to the formation of knowledge and skills, it is still necessary to work to consolidate that knowledge knowledge, once the awareness and behavior are consistent, the new activity effectively, thereby helping to form a positive attitude to the prevention of sexual harassment, not only for yourself but also for others Factors influencing social work activities with the group in preventing sexual harassment include factors related to operational objectives, content, implementation methods, and interactivity of group members; As well as the influence of psychological, cognitive and experience aspects of participating group members, impacts from culture, concepts, gender prejudices 23 The findings provide a scientific basis for proposing solutions to improve the effectiveness of social work in support of women and girls in preventing sexual harassment, which is a useful data to increase strengthening and organizing sexual harassment prevention education for students and schoolbased students, contributing to the mission of higher education for the community The research results suggest some issues that need to be investigated further in subsequent studies such as: Effective prevention mechanisms for female students; Factors affecting effective prevention of sexual harassment by female students Based on the research results, the thesis proposes a number of recommendations to the Da Nang city government, centers and facilities for providing social work services in the area and for administrative units education and training as well as researchers, lecturers and students to carry out social work with the group with female students in effective sexual harassment prevention 24 LIST OF PUBLISHED WORKS AND RELATED ACTIVITIES Article Article title Year of publication Magazine / Conference 1.1 Experiences and attitudes of students from the College of Education - The University of Danang with sexual harassment of women and girls in public 2016 Journal Science and Technology, University of Danang, No (101), 2016, pages 16-20 1.2 Female student experience of sexual harassment 2019 Journal of Psychology, No (244), 7- 2019, pages 71-84 1.3 Perception of female students on sexual harassment 2019 Journal of Science, Hanoi National University of Education, No 8.2019, pp 174183 1.4 Responding to sexual harassment of female students at universities in Da Nang 2020 Journal of Psychology, No (250), 2-2020 Application of products from the thesis in development activities community: During the implementation of the thesis, the author has built a training program on knowledge and skills to prevent sexual harassment for test group students Then organize a pilot program in the community for this group of students After the success of the trial, the program was conducted more times in the community following the model that was built Specifically: 2.1 Communication activities to prevent sexual harassment for children in Hoa Lien Commune, Hoa Vang, Da Nang City Danang Television (DRT) reported (Quantity: 30 students and Level Level access links: 2.2 Sexual abuse prevention education for children in Duy Trinh commune, Duy Phuoc, Quang Nam, conducted in 01 month, combined with implementation in the Green Summer Campaign 2018 of the Delegation of Pedagogy University, Da Nang University, Education Newspaper Times reported (Number of participants with more than 200 elementary students Link to access: 2.3 Training on sexual harassment prevention education for Mothers, Mss and children in the Village SOS children, Da Nang (Number: More than 30 people) 2.4 Model of prevention of sexual harassment for young people, under the Green Summer campaign 2019 organized by the Delegation of University of Education, University of Danang Tien Phong and Quang Nam newspapers take part in the news Link: ; ... victims is still limited; (ii) Sexual harassment has become one of the issues that attract a lot of social attention but is also the most easily misunderstood in the law In Vietnam, this issue... needs to be equipped with, because having a good attitude, confidence, and calm to handle the situation will help them prevent and respond better to behaviors sexual harassment; About the desired... the news Link: ;
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