Đề cương tâm lý học tư pháp NHẬN ĐỊNH CÓ ĐÁP ÁN Câu 1: So sánh hoạt động nhận thức giữa giai đoạn điều tra và giai đoạn xét xử Trả lời: Giống nhau: Đều là hoạt động nhận thức trong hoạt động tư pháp, ;à quá trình tâm lý phản ánh hiện thực khách quan vào bản thân cá nhân thông qua các cơ quan cảm giác và trình độ tâm lý vốn có của cá nhân. Đều có chung mục đích hoạt động nhận thức
* **-• ^t A • DE CI/ONG MON TAM LY HOC Tl/ PHAP Cau 1: So sanh hoat dong nhan thuc giua giai doan dieu tra voi giai doan xet xu? Traloi: *Giong nhau: -Deu la hoat dong nhan thiic hoat dong tu phap, la qua trinh tarn ly phan anh hien thuc khach quan vao ban than ca nhan thong qua cac CQ cam giac va trinh tarn ly von co cua ca nhan.^ : -Be co chung muc dich hoat dong nhan thuc: + Nham xac minh sir that khach quan cua vu an, phan tfch tong hop cac sir kien, xac minh tat ca tinh tiet, chung cu co lien quan den vu an + Xac minh co hay khong co hay khong co hanh vi pham toi de tien hanh xet xu + Nhan thiic de hieu ro tam ly cua nguoi pham toi va nhung ngudi tham gia to tungkhac.- *Khac nhau: Tieu chi / i Giai doan dieu tra Giai doan xet xfr - Dieu tra vien, Kiem sat - Hoi dong xet xu: Tham phan, Kiem vien, Ngudi bao chua, sat vien, hoi tham nhan dan ^" phan biet t ^Chuthi ngudi lam chung, bi can, j " A bi hai - La hoat dpng mang tinh - La hoat dpng mang tinh npi dung, la Npidimg, chat nhan thirc ban dau ve tat ca cac tinh tiet lien quan den vu an hoat dpng vu an hinh sy va chua co hinh sy, chung cu ve toi pham, ve nhan thirc sy dinh huong truac (vi nguoi pham toi, ve sy thiet hai cung day chi la nhan thuc ban nhu nhan thuc ve nhung quy dinh cua dau nen rat kho khan) phap luat de co the giai quyet dung dan vu an hinh sy - Nhan thuc nham mo phong lai mo hinh vu an da dupe mo phong tu giai - Nhan thuc ve mo hinh doan dieu tra cua vu an hinh sy, dien bien cua vu an sao, hop ly hay khong hop ly: cac nguyen nhan dieu kien pham toi rw-i F i Tam lyr *> cua can bp - Thuang bi xuc cam, tinh - Nhan thuc cua can bp xet xu mang cam cao dp, vi Dieu tra tmh chat giao tiep tam ly cao han va vien phai tiep xuc vai hien cung cang thang han, phuc tap han so truang, phuang tien pham vai giai doan dieu tra toi va thiet hai toi pham gay nen de mat binh tinh " - Phai giai quyet mot So lirong khbi - Tien hanh giai quyet vdi lugng thong lugng thong tin rat Ion, da tin cd dong hon va nhilng thong tin cong viec giai chieu va chira dirge chpn da mang tinh dinh huong loc quyet .- f 'tf - Thd i gian dai, tap trung Jhdf gian tim kiem chimg nguyen nhan, >dieu pham •,*= ;• - Thai gian xet xur ngan hon ^/a tap ; ^'cuy trung vai cudng cao ^ " kien •" tpi - ?• "^ ,• Cau 2: Phuong pha*p tac dong tam ly nao du-gc sir dung trircmg hop bi can khai bao thieu that? Noi ro tac dong ciia phuong phap nay? Tra loi: -Phuang phap tac dong tam ly nao dugc six dung truang hgp bi can khai bao thieu that la phuang phap truyen dat thong tin Day la phuang phap ma nguai six dung no cung cap cho nguai khac nhimg thong tin can thiet, lam cho nguai nhan thuc dugc sir viec, dong thai hinh cho hg tam ly tich cue phu hgp vdi muc dich tor tung Nhung thong tin can truyen dat cd the la nhirng tinh tiet, chung cu cd lien quan den vu an, nhung ldi khai, tai lieu khac cd lien quan den nhung thong tin ve quyen va nghTa vu cua ddi tugng -Tac dung cua phuang phap trudng hgp ap dung cd y nghTa thong bao cho ddi tugng biet la ca quan tien hanh to tiing da cd thong tin hinh sir ve vu an va yeu cau doi tugng khan khai bao Cau 3: Trong cac phwong phap tac dong tam ly, theo anh chi iihimg phinmg phap tac dong tain ly nao duroc sur dung bien nhat? Vi sao? Tra 161: -Phuong phap tac dong tam ly dupe sir dung bien nhat la: + Phuong phap truyen dat thong tin ket hop voi thuyet phuc + Phirang phap menh lenh (chu yeu la hoat dong cai tao) + Phuong phap giao tiep tam ly -Cu the cua cac phuong phap nhu sau: + Phucmg phap truyen dat thong tin ket hop voi thuyet phuc: Biroc sir dung hau het o cac giai doan to tung Thuyet phuc la sir dung ly le, kien thirc, tinh cam de thuyet phuc nguoi khac thay doi nhan thuc, thai do, cam xuc cho dung dan hon, tich cue hon va phu hop voi yeu cau to tung Truyen dat thong tin la phuong phap ma nguoi sir dung no cung cap cho nguoi khac nhung thong tin can thiet, lam cho ngudi nhan thuc duoc sir viec, dong thoi hinh cho ho tam ly tich cue phii hop voi muc dich to tung Hai phuong phap tac dong Ian nhau, neu co truyen dat thong tin ma khong co thuyet phuc thi hieu qua dat duoc cung khong cao va nguoc lai Nguoc lai hai phuong phap phai xuat hien dong thoi citng luc voi + Phuong phap menh lenh (chu yeu la hoat dong cai tao): La phuong phap cuong che tam ly nham ap dat y chi cua nguoi tac dong toi nguod khac, doi hoi nguoi phai tuan theo y chi cua nguoi tac dong Bay la phuong phap ap dung bien nhat phuong phap cai tao de pham nhan thay doi thai song, lao dpng Tat nhien, cac giai doan to tung khac cung co the ap dung phuong phap nay, nhung ap dung han che hon va phai tuan theo quy dinh ciia phap luat ap dung + Phuong phap giao tiep tam ly: La su dung hoac thiet lap cac quan he giao tiep, dinh huong va dieu khien cac giao tiep dien theo huong nh^m dat dupe mue dich cua ngudi dilu khien Day la phuang phap dugc ap dung hlu hit a tat ca cac giai doan to tung Cau 4: Trinh bay dac diem hoat dong nhan thirc, thiet ke, giao due ciia hoat dong cai tao Theo anh chi, hoat dong nao co vai tro quan nhat giai doan cai tao? Vi sao? Tra 161: a.Dac diem cua hoat dong nhan thuc qua trinh cai tao: -Nhan thirc nham lam sang to nhung sai sot ve nhan each dan den pham toi, phuc vu cho hoat dong cai tao, giao due ngirdi pham toi -Nhan thirc thong qua ho so cua pham nhan va sq tiep xuc tr^e tiep vdi ngirdi cua pham nhan nhap trai -Ngirdi quan giao phai nhan thuc, nghien cuu tat ca cac dac diem, nhu cau, thu, cac thuoc tinh tarn sinh ly cua pham nhan de ap dung cac hinh thuc va noi dung cai tao giao due phu hop -Ngudi quan giao phai nghien cuu cac dac diem ciia pham nhan mot each lien tuc suot qua trinh cai tao, dong thdi ghi nhan dugc su chuyen bien ciia nhung dac diem de de phuang an xay dimg ke hoach cai tao hap ly b.Dac diem cua hoat dong thiet ke qua trinh cai tao: -Do ngudi quan giao true tiep thuc hien tren ca sd nghien cuu cac dieu kien cai tao va dac diem nhan than cua tung pham nhan -Hoat dong thiet ke mang tinh tap the: ke hoach cai tao, giao due pham nhan la ket qua cua sir thao luan, thong nhat cua tap the quan giao cho tap the pham nhan trai Chinh yeu to tap the cua hoat dong thiet ke ma vai tro cua tap the hoat dong cai tao dugc de cao, ren luyen tich cue, sir tu y thuc cho pham nhan, day la phuang tien giao due quan -Phircmg tien dk lap KH va cac quyet dinh mang tinh thiet ke cua can bo quan giao la nhat ky, phieu ghi chep, danh gia ve tirng pham nhan c Dae diem ciia hoat dong giao due qua trinh cai tao: -CM the quan nhat la can bo quan giao, hoat dong giao due hudng den doi tugng dac thu la ngudi pham toi -Noi dung giao due sau rong, toan dien, mang tinh he thong, bai ban nham thay doi each nhin nhan, quan diem, lap truong, hinh mot so ky nang, ky xao, nghe nghiep mim sinh cho nguoi pham toi Hoat dong giao due qua trinh cai tao co the coi la hoat dong quan nhat tac dong d^n ngudi pham toi, no la muc dich cuoi cung cua hoat dong to tung -Mang tinh cuong che, khong mang tinh cong khai nhu giai doan xet xu Trong hoat dong luon ton tai mqh bat binh dang giua chu the va doi tugng giao due dong thai the hien sau sac y chi cua chu the giao due -Phuong tien giao due: Mang tinh da dang, phong phu (thong qua ngon ngu, phi ngon ngu, tai lieu, phim anh, nguoi thuc te, thong qua cac hoat dong san xuat, lao dong, hoc tap, giai tri ) -Thai gian tac dong: mang tinh on dinh, lau dai => Hoat dong co vai tro quan nhat la hoat dong giao due vi: -Giao due la de hinh nhan thuc tich cue va giao due ky nang, ky xao thoi quen lao dong, nghe nghiep -Giao due de bien nguofi khiem khuyet trd ngudi hoan thien nhd tac dung giao due co he thong Can 5: Trinh bay hoat dong nhan thuc cua giai doan cai tao? Tralcri: -Hoat dong nhan thuc cua giai doan cai tao: + Chu the nhan thuc: Ngudi quan giao + Muc dich: Giup pham nhan co tam ly on dinh, hudng thien va cai tao tot hem, dong thai trang bi kien thuc nhit dinh di pham nhan de tai hoa nhap cong ddng sau trai + Dae diem: Nhan thuc nham lam sang to nhung sai sot ve nhan each dan den pham toi, phuc vu cho hoat dong cai tao, giao due ngiroi pham toi i Nhan thuc thong qua ho so cua pham nhan va sir tiep xuc true tiep vai ngirdi cua pham nhan nhap trai.j Nguai quan giao phai nhan thurc, nghien cuu tat ca cac dac diem, nhu cau, thu, cac thupc tinh tam sinh ly ciia pham nhan de ap dimg cac hinh thuc va noi dung cai tao giao due phu hap Nguai quan giao phai nghien cuu cac dac diem cua pham nhan mot each lien tuc suot qua trinh cai tao, ddng thai ghi nhan dugc su chuyen bien cua nhung dac diem de de phuong an xay dung ke hoach cai tao hop ly + Noi dung: Nhan thuc cac dac diim nhan than cua pham nhan nhu nhu cau, thu, cac dac diem tam ly tieu cue, tich cue, hoan canh gia dinh, cac moi quan he XH, nghe nghiep, trinh VH cua pham nhan; nhung tinh huong, hoan canh cu the ma pham nhan da thuc hien hanh vi pham toi; he thong cac bien phap ap dung chung, rieng de giao due pham nhan va giup pham nhan cai tao tot han - Hpat dong giao due cua giai doan cai tao: + Chu the giao due: La can bo quan giao va nguai pham toi nhung chii yeu la can bo quan giao + Boi tuong dugc giao due: Nguai pham toi + Mucdich: + Dac diem: + Noi dung:^ Giao due ve chinh sach, phap luat cua Nha nude Giao due ve nhan each Giao due ve ky nang va thoi quen lao dong Chuan bi tarn ly de tai hoa nhap cong dong Cau 6: Trinh bay dac diem tarn ly cua pham nhan va tap the pham nhan? YnghTa? Traldi: a Dac diem tam ly: * Cua pham nhan: -Co the la chan chuong, buon ba, bat can, mac ke, thac cho nguoi quan giao Lo l^ng, s^ hai ve cac bien phap giao due se bi ap dung cung nhu cac moi quan he gia dinh, XH hien tai va tuong lai Mac cam, tranh tiep xuc -Tuy nhien cung co nhung tam ly khac nhu: + Boi voi nhung pham nhan da hoan toan hoi han thi ho thich nghi voi moi truong, tham gia tich cue vao cac hoat dong cua trai, tich cue cai tao tot de som tro ve voi gia dinh + Doi voi nhung pham nhan cho rang bi oan hoac cho muc an qua nang, khong nhan thuc duoe hanh vui nguy hiem cua minh thi tho o, lanh nhat voi cac hoat dong cua trai, neu co cung la doi pho, phan khang, mang tinh chieu le, co tron trai neu co dieu kien + Boi voi nhung pham nhan pham toi chuyen nghiep, tai pham hoac tai pham nguy hiem thi co the la lanh nhat voi cuoc song trai, co thi la gia tao chap hanh tot noi quy trai nhung san sang phan khang, tron trai co so ho -Ngoai dac diem tam ly cua pham nhan thuoc tung giai doan khac cua qua trinh chip hanh hinh phat nhu: + Giai doan bat dau vao trai: La giai doan thich nghi, lam quen nen tam ly chung thuong la buon ba, chan nan, bi quan, de noi gian su thay doi qua Ion cuoc song + Giai doan hinh nhung thu, nhu cau lanh manh diiu kien mdi d trai: pham nhan bat dau thich nghi vdi hdan eanh song hien tai + Giai doan thich nghi vdi mdi trudng: Da so pham nhan nhan thuc dugc hau qua hanh vi pham toi cua hg gay ra, quyet tarn chap hanh tot cac quy dinh hgc tap, cai tao d trai de sdm trd ve + Giai doan trudc tra tu do: hoi hop, nao nuc gan dugc tu nhung cung lo lang ve nhung khd khan trudc mdt ma hg phai gap tai hda nhap cdng ddng lam cho lip de cau gat, chan nan * Cua tap the pham nhan: -Thudng ton tai nhung mau thuan, xung dot tarn ly, bdi vi cac vien cua tap the thudng la nhung ngudi cd tarn ly tieu cue, khiem khuyet nhan each nen de tao mot tap the xung dot -Thudng cd nhung nhdm nhd cd bidu hien tarn ly tieu cue bdi vi nhung nhdm thudng lien kit vdi nhdm thda man cac nhu cau thu tieu cue, lech lac -Thudng xay hien tugng lay Ian tarn ly b YnghTa: -Ap dung cac phuong phap tac ddng tarn ly phu hgp -Kip thdi phat hien nhung xung dot nhd tap th! pham nhan; ngan chan su xuat hien cac nhdm nhd tieu cue, ddng thdi cd nhung bien phap nham xda bd tarn ly tieu cue tap the pham nhan Cau 7: Dae diem tarn ly cua can bo quan giao cai tao pham nhan? Nhung nhuoc diem tarn ly can khac phuc? Traldi: a Dae diem tarn ly: -Long yeu nghe, say me vdi cdng viec -Co niem tin vao kit qua cai tao ngudi pham toi cho du cong viec co the gap r rat nhieu kho khan -Can bo quan giao phai ed trinh van hoa va trinh chuyen mon cao; co long nhan ai, kien nhan, kien tri viec giao due cai tao pham nhan; phai co 6c to chuc, sap xep, quan ly cong viec cai tao cua pham nhan va tap the pham nhan hop ly, dat hieu qua cao nhat; co kha nang giao tiep b Nhirffc diem tam ly: -Xem nguoi pham toi nhat la cac nguoi pham toi rat nghiem trong, dac biet nghiem trqng la nhung nguoi nguy hiem, kha nang cai tao ho la han che -Tam ly khong ton nguoi pham toi, de gat gong, lam dung phuong phap menh lenh qua trinh cai tao Cau 8: NhiiTig dac diem tam ly ciia boat dong bao chfira? Tra 16-i: * Gom co: -Dac diem tam ly cua hoat dong nhan thuc bao chua: + Chu the cua hoat dong bao chua la bi can, bi cao, luat su, nguoi bi tam giu nhung chu yeu la luat su + Tinh chat cua nhan thuc la doc lap so voi cac co quan tien hanh to tung + Chiu su chi phoi boi chuc nang bao chua nen nguoi bao chua (BC) thuong quan tam hon den viec nhan thuc cac chung cu go toi - tinh chat mot chieu nhan thuc, vi vay nguoi bao chua de bi roi vao tinh trang thieu khach quan vu an dan den loi bao chua se kem thuyet phuc va khong hieu qua + Chiu sir chi phoi boi quyen loi cua than chu va nhirng tro ngai, rao can tiep can vcri ho so, tai lieu cua vu an cung nhu viec tu thu thap, tim kiem chung cu phuc vu cho hoat dong bao chu^ 10 Bat la bien phap ngan chan ca quan co thain quyen tien hanh voi bi can, bi cao, ngirdi dang co hanh vi chuan hi thuc Men toi pham hoac dang chuan bi thuc Men hanh vi pham toi, nham nhan chan toi pham, tao dieu kien cho vice diu tra truy to xet xu va dam bao thi hanh an *Trang thai tarn ly ciia ngirdi pham toi bi bat: -Hoang mang lo so, hoang loan sir bat ngd -So it to binh tinh, nghiem chinh chap hanh menh lenh -Co so it bat can lieu lihh Cac hanh dong phan ung: -Lieu lmh chay tron -Co hanh dong manh dong nguy hiem, chong tra can bo thi hanh lenh bat -Gia vd dong kich, tim co hoi de chay tron Cac van de can lim y: -Bieu tra xem xet ky lirong, tinh toan can than tranh de mau su chong tra cua nguoi bi bat -Bat dirge nhumg gay nao loan quan chung xung quanh, de doi tuong chay tron khong hoan nhiem vu *Cac nguyen nhan dan den dac diem tarn ly tren: -Boi tuong so sir trimg tri cua phap luat doi voi hanh vi pham toi cua minh -Boi tirong so bj bat, bi xij ly anh hirdng den uy tin gia dinh va ban than -Boi voi ngirdi pham toi Ian dau vo y hoac bi ep bupc, ho thurong khong rrr chong doi boi ho hoi han -Bo ban tinh han, coi thirong phap luat *Be hoan tot nhiem vu: -Phai nghien cuu dac diem moi quan he, nhan than, ho ten, dia chi, thoi quen so thich, tinh each cua doi tirong bi bat -Bac diem tinh hinh cau tao dia hinh, dia diem noi bat.i -Boi tuong thuoc loai toi pham gi, co su dung vu phuong tien gi 32 -Tinh hinh thai quan chung, phong tuc tap quan cua noi ddi tuong cu tru -Chuan bi day du cac van ban phap ly va lira chon lire lircmg tien hanh, ngudi ehung kien, phai chuan bi noi giam giu doi tirong -Can bo tien hanh phai co ky thuat, ky xao, tinh trang sure khde tot -Phai dirge hoc tap ky hrdng va tham nhuan phap luat, tarn ly toi pham -Phai co tac phong chinh te cuong quyet nhirng khong tho bao -Phai chuan bi tot ve tarn the phu hop Cau 21: Phan tich tam ly anh huong den kit qua bat ngirm ciia can bo thi hanh lenh bat, rut yeu eau tarn ly cua hoat dong nay? Tra 161: *Khai iiiein: Bat la bien phap ngan chan co quan cd tham quyen tien hanh vdi bi can, bi cao, ngirdi dang co hanh vi chuan bi thirc hien toi pham hoac dang chuan bi thirc hien hanh vi pham toi, nham nhan chan toi pham, tao dieu kien cho viec dieu tra truy to xet xii va dam bao thi hanh an *Bac diem tam ly: -Mong muon dat thang loi va bat dirge ke pham toi Bay la dac diem tam ly chung cua moi can bo thi hanh lenh bat Uu diem: Can bo thi hanh lenh bat co the phat huy moi no lire than kinh, tam ly va co bap vao viec thuc hien nhiem vu co phan nng linh hoat than trong, chuan bi cac phuong an chu dao Nhu'oc diem: Tao nen sir chu quan lieu linh khong dam bao an toan, non nong coi nhe cac yeu cau chinh tri, phap luat, tam ly -Binh kien vdi ddi tuong bi bat: bieu hien cua dat diem tam ly la su khong thien cam, co hanh dong tho bao, co quan niem ho la nhirng ngudi cd toi Bac diem tam ly cd the gay phan umg tieu cue cho ngudi bi bat va thai khdng ddng tinh cua nhirng ngudi xung quanh gay bat loi cho viec bat ddi tuong va cd the gay khd khan cho hoat dong dieu tra 33 -Co su lo lang can than qua mure: Tam ly chi phoi hanh dpng cua can bo Ho co the thieu linh hoat, bo la ca hoi khong hoan nhiem vu Nguyen nhan dan den hien tugng la chuan bi tam the qua muc can thiet, danh gia qua cao ve doi tugng bi bat (thudng xay a cac can bo tre it kinh nghiem, cac trudng hgp de gap nguy hiem bat cac doi tugng co thai hunghan) -Tam ly ne nang: chung kien cac hoan canh thuang tam cua doi tugng, dan den bj chung danh lira, hanh tau thoat, hoac can bo bat co mdi quan he vdi bi can Day la cac trudng hgp vi pham cac quy dinh ve bat ngudi va dan giai doi tugng -Phai nghien cuu dac diem, moi quan he, nhan than, ho ten, dia chi, thoi quen, sd thich, tinh each cua doi tugng bi bat -Dac diem, tinh hinh cau tao, dia hinh nai bit -Doi tugng thuoc loai toi pham gi, co su dung vu phuang tien gi -Tinh hinh thai quan chung, phong tuc tap quan cua nai doi tugng cu tru -Chuan bi day du cac van ban phap ly va lua chon luc lugng tien hanh, ngudi chung kiln, phai chuin bi nai giam giu doi tugng -Can bo tien hanh phai co ky thuat, ky xao, tinh trang sue khde tot -Phai dugc hgc tap ky ludng va tham nhuan phap luat, tam ly toi pham -Phai cd tac phong chinh te cuang quyet nhung khong tho bao -Phai chuan bi tot ve tam the phu hgp -Phai co bien phap dam bao an toan cho luc lugng bat va quan chung xung quanh -Phai khon kheo cuang quyet nhung khong lieu linh -Phai chu y: Viec bat phai dam bao yeu cau ve chinh tri, nghiep vu, phap luat -Khong dugc dinh kien coi bi can la ngudi pham toi ma cd hanh vi tho bao, dung vu luc qua muc can thiet.-^ 34 -Phai co su danh gia dung ve doi tugng de su dung bien phap tinh hop, tranh sir on ao truong -Phai thuc hien dung cac quy dinh ve bat va dan giai doi tugng khong dugc ne nang Caii 22: VI noi kham xet la tinh trang xung dot ve tarn ly? Phan tich dac diem ciia ngiroi bi kham xet va can bo tien hanh kham xet? Traloi: *Khai niem: Kham xet la mot bien phap dieu tra thu thap chung xu theo luat dinh Nham phat hien, thu gi& nhumg vu khi, phuong tien gay an, vat, tai san co y nghia doi voi cong tac dieu tra a nguai, nai hoac dia diem gay an *Vi: Bi can va dieu tra vien co muc dlch tarn ly khac -Bi can co tinh cat giau va mong muon dieu tra vien khong tim thay vat ma minh cat giau -Dieu tra vien: Mong muon tim dugc nhung vat lien quan den toi pham, Hen quan den bi can qua trinh pham toi ma bi can co tinh cat giau Chinh su mau thuan ve muc dich dan den xung dot tarn ly giua dieu tra vien vabi can *Dac diem tarn ly cua doi tugng bi kham xet: -Dac diem tarn ly cat dau tai lieu, vat cua doi tugng: Phu thuoc vao trinh do, kinh nghiem, nghe nghiep cua d6i tugng + Voi doi tugng khong chuyen nghiep, pham toi Ian dau thuong cat ngudi hoac cat d cho kin + Ddi vdi ngudi pham toi chuyen nghiep cd nhieu kinh nghiem: Khi cat dau thudng tinh den nhung quy luat tarn ly, nhung yeu to anh hudng toi tarn ly cua dieu rrrr tra vien qua trinh kham xet nen thudng eat dau d nhung noi co tinh chat bat ngd, dieu tra vien de bo qua NhQng noi kham xet kho khan, noi de Ian Vdi nhung 35 vat khac khdng co lien quan Nai kham xet ton thai gian cdng sue dan tdi gay met mdi, co chung tao nhung vat, tai lieu giai de danh lira can bo kham xet + Nhung ddi tupng cd nghe nghiep chuyen sau thudng lpi dung vao ky nang ky thuat cua minh de cat giau vat chumg sau gay an -Dae diem cua doi tugng chung kien kham xet + Ngudi bi kham xet: Mong muon khong bi phat hien thu giu nhung vat tai lieu ho cat giiu Tu mong muon da sinli hanh vi tieu cue nhu cat giau, mua chuoc can bo kham xet, gia va vo y tieu huy vat tai lieu, can tra kham xet Neu khach the can thu giu co tinh chat nghiem (do vat co gia tri ldn, tinh chat dac biet nghiem trong) thi ngudi bi kham xet co the co nliung hanh vi phan ung manh gay nguy hiem cho can bo kham xet Ngudi hi kham xet thudng co thai lo lang nen thudng kin dao theo ro hoat dong kham xet va bi tac dong manh vao hoat dong kham xet Khi chung kien kham xet ben ngoai tda binh than nhung ben tarn ly ludn lo lang so bi phat hien nhung vat, tai lieu cat giau Trong hoat dong kham xet thi thai kham xet, tac phong cua can bo kham xet anh hudng rat ldn den quyet tarn che dau cua ho Neu thai binh tinh cuong quyet, nghiem tuc cua can bo kham xet se lam giam quyet tarn che dau va ngugc lai Cac thai tarn ly thay ddi hien r5 tren net mat cua ngudi bi kham xet * Tarn ly cua can bp kham xet: -Tarn ly lo lang kha nang tim thay vat chung kho khan, chua xac dinh dupe vi tri cat giau Tarn ly tac dpng chieu lam anh hudng den kha nang tim kiem, kha nang quan sat xay dung mo hinh tu va y thuc tuan thu quy trinh, ke hoat kham xet -Mong mudn thu dupe ket qua tot ^ + Do chiu tac dpng cua nhung ngudi xung quan, ngudi chung kien tham gia, dieu kien hau, ve sinh an toan nai kham xet 36 + Uu di^m: Kich thich no lute tim kiem + Nhugc diem: Kham xet bua bai, khong thyc Men dung ke hoach Neu kham lau ma chua phat Men dirge thi can bg dieu tra roi vao trang thai hoang mang, giao dong chan na, noi nong, that vpng, bi quan -Tarn ly thoa man thu dugc vat the c^n tim Bieu Men tarn ly la thoa man, phan khai, vui mung Trang thai tarn ly de lam cho dieu tra vien chu quan mat eanh giac, ngiroi ehu ciia doi tirgng de lgi dung su mat canh giac Be tau tan, cat giau vat chua bi phat hien Viec thda man de bo xot vat chung quan trgng hoac khong thuc hien dung theo yeu cau phap ly each ghi bien ban thu giu vat vat chung -Tarn ly hoang mang chan nan: Tarn ly thuong xuat hien tien hanh kham xet tren pham vi rang, kho khan, phuc tap, khong thuan lgi ve tam ly de tien hanh kham xet ma phai tien hanh kham xet lau moi co ket qua Trang thai tam ly lam cho can bo khong tam trung chu y vao cong viec, tien hanh cdng viec each mien cucmg, thieu linh hoat, nhiet tinh Cau 23: Nguyen nhan tarn ly ciia tinh trang khai cung khong tot ciia bi can va bien phap khac phuc nguyen nhan do? TralM: Bi can co niem tin vao kha nang che dau toi loi, lam giam TNHS cua minh bang each khong khai hoac khai gian doi Bay la nguyen nhan rat bien va la nguen nhan tam ly phuc tap nhat cua bi can Bbi xuat phat tu niem tin ben cua bi can, bi cao rang neu khong khai thi co quan dieu tra se khong dii can cii de ket toi, do the tron tranh phan trach nhiem hoac bi can tin rang khai gian doi se dan den hoat dong dieu trakdi chech hudng Toi loi cua bi can se giarh nhe vi su that khong duoc tim 37 Bi can sg lam lien luy va anh hudng tdi danh du uy tin quyen Igi cua gia dinh hoac cua ngudi than: Bay ciing la nguyen nhan phd bien, vi bi can cho ring viec khai nhan cua bi thi coi nhu la bi can la ke co tdi lam anh hirdng tdi uy tin ciia gia dinh vg nhung ngudi se bi nhung ngudi xung quanh khinh re, mat viec lam Bay la nguyen nhan can trd viec khai bao khan cua bi can Xet ve dao due thi day la tinh cam tot cho ru khdng dung hudng, no la co sd quan trgng de dieu tra vien co niem tin vao kha nang thuyet phuc thuc tinh cua bi can cua minh de lam chuyen hudng khai bao cua bi can Bo dac diem ngang budng cua bi can: Bay la dac diem tam ly tuong ddi ben vftng va da cd tu trudc, mdi trudng GB bi can mudn to minh anh dung mot each mu quang thieu suy nghi Tam ly thudng xuat hien d mot sd bi can it tudi, trinh van hda thap, cd niem tin mu quang vao sir anh dung mu quang cua minh Tam ly Ian anh hudng den viec su dung chung cu dau tranh cua dieu tra vien, nhung su dung tac ddng kich thich tinh kieu ngao boc ddng thudng dem lai hieu qua Bi can bi quan that vgng nen khdng khai bao: Bo tam ly bi can thudng tu choi tiep xuc vdi dieu tra vien hoac tu chdi khai bao Tam ly thudng xay d nhung ngudi pham tdi Ian dau, bi kich ddng bat budc, pham tdi dac biet nghiem trgng, hoan canh dac biet nao do, khdng hy vgng vao tuong lai Bi can khdng khai hoac khai bao gian doi khdng tin vao dieu tra vien: Nguyen nhan cd the tiep xuc vdi dieu tra vien da lam cho bi can cd ac cam, cd nhan thuc tieu cue, khdng tin vao su lugng khach quan cua dieu tra vien, cung cd the dieu tra vien da cd quan he khdng tot tir trudc bi can pham tdi hoac cd tac ddng khdng phu hgp cua Bieu tra vien Bi can tin tudng vao su che chan cuu giup nao tu ben ngoai hoac hy vgng vao su mua chudc dugc dieu tra vien va co quan dieu tra Nguyen nhan cua bieu hien tam ly la tac ddng cua mat trai cua nen kinh te thi trudng, cac bj can thudng cd d du che chan, hoac cd ngudi than quen lam viec d co quan tien hanh to tung, co 38 quan Dang, Nha nuac co uy tin cao Cung co the co bi can khong co sir quen biet du nhung van tin tuang vao sir mua chuoc cua dieu tra vien Cac tarn ly thuang xuyen dien va tap trung nhieu a cac phan kinh te, buon ban ma co y lam trai Bi can co y thnc coi thuang phap luat, coi thucmg sir trung phat, tarn ly thuang xuat hien a bi can co nhieu tien an, tien su khong nhan thuc dugc y nghia ciia cac quy pham phap luat, ho coi pham toi la nghe nghiep, viec a tu la a tro qua dem Bi can so dong bon tra thu: Nguyen nhan dan den tarn ly xuat hien a cac bi can thuc hien toi pham co dong pham, toi pham co bang chung dung luat rung, luat giang ho de rang buoc su lien ket va ton tai cua Nhieu bi can co tarn ly muon khai bao nhung so sir tra thu cua dai ca, dai bang nen thuong co nhirng lai khai quanh co, nho giot khong on dinh, nhat la doi voi dong bon o ngoai xa hoi, se anh huong dac biet den qua trinh khai cung cua bi can Bi can so boi thuomg thiet hai: Nguyen nhan cua tarn ly la bi can nghT rang hau qua cua hanh vi cua bi can gay phai boi thucmg thiet hai ma viec boi thuong nam ngoai kha nang cua bi can Day khbng phai la nguyen nhan chinh nhung no tac dong Ion den qua trinh khai cung cua bi can * Cac bien phap khac phuc nguyen nhan tren: -Dieu tra vien phai co tac dong dung de pha va niem tin che dau toi loi cua b| can -Dieu tra vien can sir dung kien thuc, dao di^c, tarn ly, phap luat - xa hoi de tac dong lam thirc tinh nhiing dieu tot dep dang ton dong tu tuang cua bi can, de chuyen doi thai khai bao cua bi can -Phai lay giao due thuyet phuc lam ca ban, khong nen lam dung phuong phap kich dong tarn ly bj can -Can tac dong ggi len cho bi can nhung tia hy vpng an id de keo bi can khoi su that vgng, chan chuang de bi can co huang khai bao dung dan 39 -Trong qua trinh giao tiep phai co bieu hien tarn ly va hanh vi tot de tranh su hieu sai lech ve nhung an tupng khong tot cua bi can doi vdi dieu tra vien -Phai sir dung cac bien phap tac dong cho bi can thay rang sir nghiem minh cua phap luat bat cii hanh vi vi pham nao eung bi xxx ly du cho ngudi la ai, d don vi nao de tranh dupe sir tin tudng vao su che chan cua cac the lire ben ngoai va phai rrr nghiem khac ddi vdi hanh vi mua chuoc hoi 16 cua bi can -Phai co bien phap giao due tot de b| can thay dupe gia tri lam ngudi va su trimg phat cua phap luat doi vdi cac hanh vi pham tpi dac biet la tai pham Giao due cho bi can thay dupe muc dp nghiem minh cua phap luat va phai de cho bi can thay co quan se co bien phap bao ve ngudi than va ban than bi can khoi su de doa tra thu cua dong bon doi vdi bi can "^*>\ Cau 24: Dac diem tarn ly noi bat ciia dieu tra vien hoi cung bi can, tren cu so" rut nhung van de can quan triet nhupc diem cua dac diem tarn ly da de cap? Tra ldi: ^ Dac diem tarn ly noi bat cua dieu tra vien hoi cung bi can: Dieu tra vien la chu the tien hanh to tung hoat dpng dieu tra, luon chiu sir chi phoi dieu chinh cua phap luat, yeu cau cua hoat dpng dieu tra, sir giam sat cua quan chung, nhung yeu to gap phai qua trinh dieu tra va nhieu yeu to xa hoi khac do dieu tra vien thudng xuat hien nhimg dac diem tarn ly sau: a Co tarn ly cang thang: Bdi vi hoat dpng dieu tra noi chung va hoi cung bi can noi rieng luon mang tinh chat la cupc dau tranh gay go phuc tap, la cupc dau tranh giua dieu tra vien va cac bi can ngoan co, gian xao Hoat dpng doi hoi dieu tra vien phai co sir tri giac, tu y chi cao Boi khoi lupng thong tin thu thap la rat Ion nhimg lupng thong tin can thiet lai rat it 6i va khong ro rang Trong qua trinh hoi cung luon phai chiu su giam sat dien bien tarn ly, nhan xet danh gia doi tupng de nhimg phuong phap tac dpng doi voi bi can cho phu hop 40 b.Sir bao hoa cam xuc: la trang thai tarn ly cang thang gay ra, bieu hien cua no la sir lam viec mot each may moc kem linh hoat, kem nhay ben, hoi cung khong hieu qua c.Tarn the dinh huang vao nhung thong tin phu hop vdi du kien va mong muon cua minh truac hoi cung bao gia dieu tra vien cung phai nghien cuu ho so, thu thap thong tin va du kiln cac thong tin cn thu thap, do co tarn the huang vao cac du kien da dinh U'u diem: Tao dieu kien doi voi dieu tra vien sang loc, thu thap dirge nhieu thong tin can thiet, dinh hudng nhung cau hoi de doi tugng khong khai cung Ian man va dai dong Nhugc diem: Dieu tra vien thuong kem tinh nhay voi cac thong tin ngoai du kien, bo lot thong tin, bi can cung cap thong tin ngoai du kien khien dieu tra vien tra nen buc boi noi nong de dan den thai thieu te nhi can nhac tir dan tai bi can so set hoac li lam Mat khac dat dugc nhung thong tin theo du kien thuang co bieu hien vui mung (mat sang, cai, voi hoi xoay vao nhung van de tarn, ) tu diem doi tugng nhan biet dugc dieu ma dieu tra vien dang can khai thac, biet dugc muc nhan biet ve ngi dung dien bien qua trinh dieu tra vien Co the dan dat dieu tra vien theo huang khac dau kin nhung dieu ma dieu tra vien can khai thac d.Tarn the khai thac thong tin buoc toi bi can: Tarn the bat nguon tu nhan thuc cho rang bi can la nguai co toi, viec khai to bi can ve mot toi nao la hoan toan co ca sa khoa hgc do thuang tap trung di sau vao thu thap thong tin lam ro toi trang cua bi can, khong chu y den viec bi can co bi oan hay khong, khong chu y den cac tinh tiet giam nhe toi cho bi can Viec lam thuang dan tai vi pham nguyen tac su that khach quan qua trinh giai quyet vu an * Cac bien phap khac phuc: - Chuan bi tot tarn the de san sang chiu dung nhttng cang thang, phai dugc trang bi tot cac kien thuc, phuang phap lam viec khoa hoc thuan Igi va can dugc sir ho trg giup da ve mat to chuc, vat chat, dai song sinh hoat Be giam bat cac mat 41 khdng thuan lgi tac ddng den tarn ly dieu tra vien Mat khac dieu tra vien phai cd chd nghl ngoi thich hop thay ddi cdng viec de giai tda trang thai bao hda tam ly, khac phuc han che nhung tac ddng cua cac yeu to khong thuan lgi -Trong qua trinh hoi cung bi can, dieu tra vien phai cd su chuan bi tot ve noi dung cau hoi Cac tai lieu chung cur can dua de dau tranh vdi bi can va chuan bi day du cac dieu kien can thiet khac de phuc vu hoi cung Dong thai phai nhay ben sang suot xii ly kip thai cac thong tin ma bj can khai bao de lua chgn tac dgng va sir dung cac bien phap thu thuat thich hgp Tranh gay uc che tam ly cho bi can Tuyet doi dieu tra vien khdng dugc de Id thai ciia minh KM nhan dugc cac thong tin tir ddi tugng cd gia tri khdng cd gia tri, de tranh dugc nhirng su nhan biet y cua ta de tim each ddi phd (tru trudng hgp phai to thai do, dimg no nhu mot phuang tien kich thich tam ly de tac ddng de ddi tugng khai bao tich cue) -KM tien hanh hdi cung phai cd quan diem khach quan, toan dien khdng nen coi trgng chung cu budc tdi, bd qua nhdng chung cu go toi ma anh hudng den tinh khach quan cua viec chung minh su that cua vu an Ddng thai phai quan sat thai cua bi can viec khai bao de cd bien phap tac ddng xu ly phu hgp de thu dugc cudc hdi cung Cau 25: Hoat dong kham nghiem hien trudng la gi? Phan tich dac diem noi bat cua dieu tra vien hoat dong kham nghiem hien trudng? De hoat dong kham nghiem hien trudng cd hieu qua can quan triet yeu cau tam ly nao? Tra Idi: Kham nghiem hien trudng: La bien phap dieu tra nham thu thap nhung thong tin ve tdi pham dang ton tai d doi tugng kham nghiem, la ca sd cho hat ddng dieu tra hinh su, chung minh tdi pham va xu ly tdi pham * Dac diem noi bat cua dieu tra vien va can bo kham nghiem hoat dong kham nghiem hien trudng: -Dieu tra vien va can bd kham nghiem thudng cd mong muon thu dugc nhung dau vet, vat chung, vat the phu hgp vdi du kidn Trudc kham nghiem didu 42 •J tra vien va can bo kham nghiem thudng du doan ve sir ton tai cua dau vet vat ehung can thu thap tren co sd kinh nghiem cua minh va cac tai lieu ban dau, vay thucmg co su dinh hudng phat hien dau vet vat chung Theo du kien phan doan cua minh Dae diem tarn ly co tac dung dinh hudng cho qua trinh tri giac tap trung nhanh chong phat hien thong tin can thu thap dac biet la dau vet vat churng bi che dau tay xoa nhung no co nhuoc diemtr la lam cho dieu tra vien trd nen non nong khong thuc hien dung quy trinh kham nghiem, de bo sot, lot dau vet hoac vat chung Mat khac trd nen buc boi, chan nan, hoang mang khdng thu duoc dau vet vat chung theo du kien - Dieu tra vien va can bo kham nghiem thudng cd xu hudng dem gian hda hoat dong kham nghiem, viec kham nghiem nhung vu an rd (toi pham tu thu, toi pham bi phat hien, ke pham toi bi bat qua tang ) Dieu tra vien va can bo kham nghiem cd xu hudng don gian hda bdi cac diu vet, vat chung thu duoc da chung minh duoc hanh vi pham toi, dan den khdng thuc hien dung quy trinh kham nghiem ma chi tien hanh cho du thu tuc Xu hudng dan den viec qua loa dai khai bd lot nhieu vat chung, din vet quan ma thu lay nhung dau vet, vat chung khdng quan trong, khdng khach quan, khdng dma bao yeu cau to tung kham nghiem - Dieu tra vien va can bo kham nghiem thudng chiu su tac ddng da chieu phiic tap tu quan chung xung quanh + Neu dieu tra vien va can bo kham nghiem cd kinh nghiem pham chat y chi tot thi y kien cua nhung ngudi xung quanh cd the la nhung chi dan, gdp y cho dieu tra vien va can bo kham nghiem Cd su dinh hudng tot, nhanh chdng cac dau vet, vat chung can thu thap, nguoc lai nhung tac ddng cua nhung ngudi xung quanh se lam cho dieu tra vien va can bo kham nghiem lung tung mat phuong hudng, buc bdi giam kha nang quan sat va phan tich de thu thap thong tin + Su cd mat ciia nhutig ngudi xung quanh la ton tai khach quan do dieu tra vien va can bo kham nghiem phai khac phuc nhung tac ddng tieu cue, khdng nen vi 43 \ ly de dam bao sir yen tinh, nguyen ven ma can trd sir co mat ciia nhung ngudi xung quanli each tuyet ddi -Trong kham nghiem dieu tra vien va can bo kham nghiem phai chiu sir chi phdi cua nhieu cam xuc manh + Nguyen nhan dan den cam xuc la hau qua cua tdi pham, sir tac dong cua cap tren, sir tac dong cua nhimg ngirdi xung quanh, tmh chat vj tri cua Men trudng, cac dung cu cong cu can thlet va tac dong xa hoi khac + Cam xuc tot vui ve lac quan hoac se co cam xuc lo lang chan nan, that vong dieu tra vien va can bo kham nghiem co trang thai phan cao, hang hai qua mue sir tac dong nao Trang thai lam cho dieu tra vien va can bo kham nghiem de non nong thieu kien tri, don gian hoa mo hinh tir duy, khong thirc hien dung quy trinh, de bi cuon hut boi cac dau vet gia Trang thai tarn ly tieu eye bieu hien bang sir chan trirong, lo lang, ngan ngai, that vong, lam viec each mien cirong khong co sir no lpc cao, khong cd sir tir thu thap dau vet, de bo qua dau vet Nguyen nhan cua trang thai co the Men turong co luong thong tin qua it, hien truong bi xao tron, hien trudng d nhung noi khd khan nguy Mem, Men trudng qua rqng, tu thi bi phan huy -Mong mudn ket thuc kham nghiem: Do dac diem cua doi tuong kham nghiem, thong tin va dieu kien thu thap thong tin dieu tra vien va can bp kham r nhanh chdng kham nghiem va rdi khdi hien truong Dac Met la nghiem mong mudn nhiing hien trudng cd dieu kien khdng thuan loi, cd hai cho sue khde Uu diem cua dac diem la giup cho dieu tra vien va can bo kham nghiem tich cue lam viec, no lire vdi tam ly cao Nhirgc diem lam cho dieu tra vien va can bo kham nghiem ndn ndng khdng tuan thu dung quy trinh, dl bd lot dau vet quan neu thu thap thong tin nhieu se klidng cd sir sang loc, gay khd khan cho viec bao quan va xac lap gia thiet dieu tra * Yeu cau: 44 -Dieu tra vien va can bo kham nghiem ngoai kien thuc chuyen mon can thiet thi can phai dugc dao tao, huan luyen de co pham chat, tarn ly phu hop -Di^u tra vien va can bg kham nghiem phai co kha nang tit titong tugng, khoa hoc, logic -Dieu tra vien va can bo kham nghiem phai cb tinh kien tri, than trong, ti mi -Dieu tra vien va can bo kham nghiem phai chuan bi tarn ly phu hop voi nhiem vu kham nghiem 45