NHẬN ĐỊNH ĐÚNG SAI môn LUẬT QUỐC TẾ CÓ ĐÁP ÁN Câu: Các nguyên tắc cơ bản của Luật Quốc Tế hiện đại là cơ sở cho sự hình thành và phát triển của Luật Quốc tế? Trả lời: Sai Vì những nguyên tắc cơ bản của Luật Quốc Tế hiện đại được ghi nhận trong hiến chương Liên Hiệp Quốc 1945 mà nguồn gốc của Luật Quốc Tế được hình thành từ trong thời kì chiếm hữu nô lệ. Do đó, những nguyên tắc cơ bản của LQT hiện đại làm cơ sở cho sự phát triển của LQT hiện đại chứ không thể là sơ sở cho sự hình thành của LQT
V> DE CU'ONG ON TAP MON LUAT QUOC TE /:; ^I CAU HOI NHAN BINH : Cau 1: Hien ehmmg Lien Hop Quoc la hien chirong cua cong dong qude te Tra Idi: Sai Vi ban chat cua luat quoc te la sir thoa thuan vi vay hien chuang LHQ chi rang buoc nhung quoc gia vien ciia no ma thoi, khong rang buoc nhung quoc gia khong tham gia Vi vay khong the coi la hien phap cua cong dong Can 2: Nhfrng ca quan nhir TA quoc te, WTO, TAQT ve luat biln, TAQT ve nhan quyen, HBBA LHQ deu cd quyen thuc hien bien phap eirdng che cria LQT Tra Idi: Sai Vi chi co HDBA LHQ la ca quan thuc hien bien phap cirong che cua LHQ vi xet theo noi dung cua cac dieu 39 40, 41, 42 thi neu xet thay co sir de doa hoa binh co sir pha hoai hoa binh hoac co mot hanh vi xam luge thi HDBA LHQ co quyen quyet dinli nhftng bien phap dung yu lire hay khong dung vu luc de giai quyet cac van de tren bat cu luc nao neu xet thay can thiet nham de tri hoa binh va an ninh quoc te.y^ Cau 3: Cac nguyen tac co" ban ciia LQT hien dai la cae so* cho sy hinh>thanh va phat trilncua LQT./ ^ Tra loi: Sai Vi nhung nguyen tac ca ban cua LQT hien dai dugc ghi nhan hien chuang lien hap quoc 1945 ma nguon gdc cua LQT dugc hinh tu thai ky chiem huu no le Do nhung nguyen tac ca ban ciia LQT hien dai chi lam ca sd cho su phat trien cua LQT hien dai chu khong the iaca sa cho su hinh ciia LQT Cau 4: Nguyen tac cu ban ciia LQT la quy pham phap luat qudc te Tra Idi: Sai Vi nguyen tac ca ban cua LQT la nhung tu tuong quan diem chinh tri phap ly la ca sd cho vice xay dung va hoan tliien PL quoc te quy pham phap luat qudc te la cac quy tac xir su quan he quoc te Cau 5: Nguyen t^^c cc ban cua LQT cd the bi thay the bdi mot nguyen tSc mm dirge cong dong qudc te thua nhan Tra Idi: Bring Vi ban chat cua LQT la su thda thuan; do cac quoc gia thda thuan vdi thay the mot nguyen tac mdi cho mot nguyen tac da loi thai thi dugc cong dong thua nhan Can 6: Qudc gia la chii the co1 ban va chii yeu cua LQT Tra Idi: Bung Vi quoc gia la chii the diu tien chit thd trade het xay dung phap luat quoc te Quoc gia cung la chu thd dau tien cho viec thi hanh phap luat qudc te, quoc gia la chu the ca ban chu yeu viec thi hanh bien phap cudng che de man thu ap dung phap luat qudc te qudc gia la chu the nhat co quyen tao lap chu the mdi cua LQT Can 7: The nhan phap nhan la chu the cua luat qudc te Tra Idi: Sai II•' Vi the nlian - phap nhan khdng phai la chit the cua luat phap qudc te ma clii la chit the eua luat quoc gia ma thdi vi chi co quoc gia mcri sanh vai vdi quoc gia khac va chi co quoc gia nu'r ,^;p ngang hang voi cac quoc gia khac Chu the cua LQT gdm: cac quoc gia co chu quyen, cac dan t^c diu tranh gianh quyen tir quyet, to chi'rc quoc te lien chinh phu va cac thirc the khac (cac thtrc the v cd quy che phap ly dae biet).\ ^* : Cau 8: Hoi luat gia Dan chu quoc te la to chiic quoc te - chu the ciia luat quoc te hien dai Tra 161: Sai,^ Vi hoi luat gia la to chirc quoc te phi chinh phii, do no khong dirge coi la chu the cua luat quoc te ma chi co nhfrng to chirc lien chinh phu lap phu hop vdi luat qudc te hien dai mdi dirge coi la chu the cua luat quoc te hien dai Cau 9: To chiirc quoc te la ehu the han che cua LQT Tra Idi: Sai Vi to chirc phi chinh phu khong phai la chu the cua LQT Chi co to chirc lien chinh phii dugc lap phu hop vdi luat quoc te mdi la chii the han che vi no cac quoc gia thda tliuan nen va giao cho no thuc hien mot so quyen nliat dinh, do no la chii the han che cua LQT Cau 10: Moi dieu iroc quoc te deu la nguon ciia LQT hien dai Tra loi: Sai Vi quan he quoc te da chiing minh rang bang nhieu thu doan de doa vu lire giua cac qudc gia Ion ddi vdi cac quoc gia nhd tir ddi nhung dieu udc quoc te de dieu chinh cac quan he quoc te nhung khong phai la ngudn cua LQT hien dai ma chi cd nhung Dl/QT dap ung dugc cac dieu kien sau mdi trd thanli nguon cua LQT hien dai: Dieu udc dugc ky dung nang lire cua cac ben ky ket; dieu udc quoe te phai ky ket phu hgp vdi phap luat quoe gia cua cac ben ky ket ve tham quyen va thii tuc ky ket; phai dugc ky ket tren co sd tir nguyen va binh dang Cam ket dira phai phu hgp ve mat hinh thirc; phai phu hgp vdi ngi dung cua cac nguyen tac ca ban cua LQT Cau 11: Quyen nang chu the luat quoc t dua tren su cong nhan cua eac qudc gia Tra ldi: Sai Vi quyen nang chii the la thuoc tinh tir nhien von cd va dugc luat quoc te bao ho dua tren co sd phap li la nguyen tac quyen tu quyet cac dan toe Trong quyen nang chii the ciia td chirc qudc te lien chinh phii la thudc tinh tu nhien vdn co klidng can bat ki su cdng nhan nao Cau 12: Quyen nang chii the cua moi chu the luat qudc te chu the tu' quy dinh Tra Idi: Sai Vi ddi vdi td chuc qudc te lien chinh phii, quyen nang chu the ciia no dugc ghi nhan van ban lap nen td chuc Ma van ban la cac qudc gia thda thuan xay dung nen Do quyen nang chu the cua td chuc qudc te la qudc gia quy dinh chu khdng phai tu than no quy dinh Cau 13: Cac td ehurc lien chinh phu khac thi cd quyen nang chii the gidng Tra loi: Sai Vi bod vi quyen nang chii the cua tirng td chuc hiin chiroug dieu le quy dinh Dac diem ve trinh tu xay dung quy pham phap luat chinh cac qudc gia xay dung, sir hinh quy pham phap luat qudc te thda thuan Cau 14: Nghi quyet cua td chuc qudc te khdng phai la ngudn ciia luat quoe te Tra Idi: Dung , Vi nghi quvit cua to chuc phi chiuh phu khdng phai la gudn cht co nghi quyet cua to chirc lien ehinh phu co th^ la nguon b6 trg cua luat qudc te Co mot so nghi quyet cua to chuc qudc te trd ngudn bc> trg cua LQT, de giai quy^t mot s6 vin de tranh chap Nghi quyet mang tinh chat khuy^n nghi, mong mu6n cac qu6c gia vien thuc Men, thuc Men den dau la quyen cua moi qudc gia vien khong mang tinh chit bit buoc Nhung nghi quyet khuyen nghi doi la co sd dd trd ngudn cua luat quoc te hay duoe ggi la nguon bo trg ciia LQT Cau 15; Moi tap quan quoc te de co nguon goc ciia luat quoc te hieh dai Tra 161: Sai Vi chi co nhung tap quan dap trng dugc dieu kien sau thi moi trd thanh, nguon ciia luat quoc'tehien dai: -Tap quan phai ap dung lau dai thuc lien quoc te Dugc the hi en d hai thanli to: vat chat va tinh than -Tap quan phai lap di lap lai nhieu Ian qua trinh lien tuc de tao quy tac xu sir thong nhat Trong ap dung thi cac quoc gia phai tin chac minh da xir su nhu vay la dung ve mat phaply -Tap quan phai dugc cac quoc gia thura nhan nhu quy pham phap ly bat buoc Tap quan phai phu hop vdi noi dung cua nhung nguyen tac co ban cua luat quoc te Tap quan quoc te trd nguon luat qudc te hien dai no dap irng dieu kien tren 16 Nguon luat cua luat quoc te la su* the hien bang van ban nhung thoa thuan gifra cac chii the cua luat quoe te Tra 161: Sai Vi nguon cua luat quoc te la nhung dieu udc qudc te the hien hang van ban thi nguon tir nhung tap quan quoc te Cau 17: Moi su* thoa thuan deu dan den su* ky ket Dieu udc quoc te Tra Idi: sai Vi dieu kien de ky ket dieu udc quoc te phai la chu the cua luat quoc te (tire la phai cac quoc gia co chu quyen, cac dan toe dang ddu tranh gianh doc lap cac to chuc lien chinh phu va sd vung lanh tho) Dieu udc qudc te la thoa thuan quoc te dugc ky ket bang van ban giua cac qu6c gia va dugc phap luat qudc te dieu chinh du duge ghi nhan mot van kien nhit ho|c hay nhieu van kien co lien quan vdi bat ke ten goi la gi Thoa thuan d day dugc hieu la thoa thuan giua cac chu the ciia Mat quoc te vdi Con thda thuan giua ben la qudc gia vdi cac phap nhan, the nhan hay thoa thuan dan su giua cac chii the cua phap luat nude thi khong dan den ky ket Dieu udc qudc te ma chi la hop dong nude hoac hop dong quoe te Cau 18: Thoa thuan la dudng nhat de hinh nguon ciia Luat quoc te Tra 161: sai Khong phai moi tap quan phat sinh doi song dugc duong nhien la ngudn cua LQT, chi nao cac ben thua nhan mdi quan he giua cac chii the vdi dugc ket ben thoa thuan thira nhan thi no mdi tap quan quoc te => Chi cd nhung tap quan nao ma moi quan he giira cac chii the LQT vdi nhau, dugc ho thda thuan thua nhan de giai quyet vu viec thi tap quan mdi dugc xem la tap quan quoc te ngudn eua LQT giai quyet vu viec giua cac ben Ket Man: thda thuan la dudng nhat de hinh nguon cua LQT la ludn luon dimg Bdi vi ban chat cua LQT la su thda thuan, ma nguon cua LQT khong chi bao gdm dieu udc ma bao gdm tap quan quoc te, nen thoa thuan la dudng nhat Cau 19: Gia sir nhir nhan dinh cho ring, chi co quoc gia moi duoc xem la chii thl coban, chii yeu cua Luat quoc te Tra 161: Bung Vi co chii the: quoc gia, to chuc qudc te lien chinh phu, dan toe dang d&u tranh Cau 20: Chi co quoc gia moi co quyin nang chii the cua Luat quoc te day dii va tron ven nhat? Tra 161: Dung Vi to chue quoc te la chu the dac biet, co quyen nang han die Cau 21: Chu quyen quoc gia la thuoc tinh tv nhien von co, chi quoc gia moi co? Tra 161: Dung Vi chu quyen quoc gia la quyen tdi cao cua quoc gia pham vi lanh thd va quyen ddi vdi quoc gia khac -> quyen doc lap ctta quoc gia vdi cac moi quan he vdi cac quoc gia khac To chue quoc te lien chinh phu khdng co thuoc nang Cau 22: Cong nhan la hanh vi the hien quan diem chinh tri - phap ly cua quoc gia doi voi co sir xuat hien chu the moi (quoc gia moi) hoac chinh phii moi tren trurong quoc te Tra 161: Sai Vi hanh vi the hien chii quyen quoc gia, xuat phat tir y chi va sir tu nguyen cua cac chu the Luat quoc te Cau 23: Moi dieu iro'c quoc te co hieu lux sau phe chuan Tra 161: Sai Vi co nhtog di^u uoc quoc te co hieu lire bieu quyet neu khong thong qua viec phe chuan, phe duvet Cau 24: Tu* choi khong phe chuan dieu uoc quoc te da tirng ky chinh thirc co phai la hanh vi vi pham Tra 16i: Sai Vi co diku iroc quoc te qui dinh can phai phe chuan va do chua phe chuan, nen chua phat sinli hieu lire thi khong co rang buoc doi vdi quoc gia Cau 25: Moi tuyen bo dffn phirong deu la tuyen bo bao liru Tra lcri: Sai Vi cd rat nhieu tuyen bo don phucmg nhu gia nhap phe chuan, phe duvet cung la tuyen bo dan phuang cua quoc gia cong nhan dieu udc quoc te cd hieu lire doi vdi qudc gia minh hay bai bd dieu irdc quoc te, huy bd dieu udc qudc te cung la tuyen bo don phuang ma qudc gia dua tuyen bd nham chain dut hieu luc cila dieu udc qudc te ddi vdi qudc gia minh Con bao liru dieu udc qudc te la tuyen bd dan phuang ma cac qudc gia dua tuyen bd nham thay ddi hoac loai tru he qua phap ly cua hay mot so dieu khoan nhat dinh khoan nliat dinh nao cua dieu udc qudc te Cau 26: Tuyen bo bao liru dieu iroc quoc te chi thuc hien dieu iroc quoc te co hieu luc Tra 161: Sai Vi qudc gia cd quyen bao liru nhung dieu khoan nhat dinh cita dieu udc (neu dieu udc cho phep) bat ky giai doan nao cua qua trinh ky ket ddi vdi dieu udc qudc te Trong ky phe chuan, phe duyet hoac ca gia nhap dieu udc qudc id Nhu* vay quyen bao luu co the tien hanh ca dieu udc quoc te chua co hieu lire Cau 27: Bao lira dieu uoe qu6c te la giai doan qua trinh ky ket dieu uoc quoc A^ te Tra 161: Sai Vi bao luu didu udc quoc te khdng phai la giai doan qua trinh ky ket dieu uoc quoc te, ma moi giai doan ky ket dieu udc qudc te deu co lien quan den bao luu dieu udc quoc te Cau 28: Bao lira dieu urdc qude te la quyen tuyft doi Tra 161: Sai Vi bao luu dieu udc quoc te la quyen, nhung khdng phai la quyen tuyet doi bdi han die cac van de sau: Quyen bao luru khong duoc thire Men vdi cac dieu udc quoc te song phuong, doi vdi dieu udc quoc te da phuong ma cd dieu khoan quy dinh dieu udc quoc te cam bao luu thi quyen bao luu khong dupe thuc Men, ddi.vdi dieu udc qudc te chi cho phep bao luu vai dieu khoan cu the nao thi quyen bao luu se khdng dupe thuc Men doi vdi nhung dieu khoan lai, doi vdi nhung dieu udc cd phep quyen tu lira chon dieu khoan bao luu cung khong dupe thuc Men doi vdi nhung dieu khoan khong phu hop vdi muc dich va doi tupng cua dieu udc Cau 29: Dieu u'dc quoc te chi co hieu lye sau throe cac hen phe chuan Tra 161: Sai Vi neu dieu udc quoc te khong can thong qua thu tuc phe chuan hoac phe duyet thi sau cac ben ky ket chinh thuc thi dieu udc se phat sinh Men luc Cau 30: Moi dieu irtrc quoc te se phat sinh hieu lye sau ky chinh thuc Tra loi: Sai Vi cd nliung dieu udc qudc te thong qua sir thda thuan cua cac chu the quan he Mat qudc te cd dieu khoan quy dinh phai thong qua giai doan phe chuan, phe duyet nham xem xet ky lai ndi dung cua dieu udc qudc te trudc rang budc chinh thuc quyen va nghla vu cua minh dieu udc qudc te thi sau phe chuan hoac phe duyet dieu udc qudc te mdi phat sinh hieu luc Cau 31: Huy bo dieu ode qudc te va bai bo dieu irdc quoc te la giong Tra loi: Sai Vi huy bo dieu udc qudc te la tuyen bd don phuong ma qudc gia nham cham dut hieu luc ciia dieu udc qudc te ddi vdi qudc gia minh ma khdng can su cho phep ctia dieu udc (tuy nhien phai chung minh ro co sd de tuyen bo huy bd) Con bai bd didu udc quoc tl cung la tuyen bd don phuong nham cham dut hieu luc cua dieu udc qudc te nhung vdi dieu kien phai cd su cho phep cua dieu udc Cau 32: Tuyen bd don phuung qudc gia dun nham cham dirt hieu lye ciia dieu ird'c qudc te la tuyen bd bao lun Tra loi: Sai Vi tuyen bd don phuong qudc gia dua viec phe chuan phe duyet dieu udc qudc te thi khdng lam cham dut hieu luc ciia dieu udc qudc te, tuyen bd bao luu la tuyen bd dim phuong ciia qudc gia dua chi nham thay ddi hoac loai trir he qua phap ly cua hay sd dieu khoan nhat dinh ciia dieu udc qudc te ddi vdi qudc gia minh chua khdng dan den cham dut Meu luc ciia dieu udc qudc te Tuyen bd don phuong co the la tuyen bd huy bd hoac bai bd thi mdi cham dirt hieu luc cua dieu udc qudc te Cau 33: Bao lira dieu uoc quoc te chi co the ap dung sau dieu uoc qudc te duoc phe chuan Tra 161: Sai.".-,"-, Vi quyen bao luu dirge thirc hien tat ca cac giai doan cua qua trinh ky ket phe chuan, phe duvet dieu udc quoc te Ke ca gia nhap Tuy nhien neu dieu udc quoc td quy dinh phai phe chuan hoac phe duyet ma bao liru lai dua nhttng giai doan dau cua qua trinh ky kdt thi phe chuan, quoc gia phai nhac lai dieu khoan bao luu Neu khong nhac lai coi nhu khong cd gia tri phaply.'.- 'j' '• Cau 34: Dieu irde quoc te cd gia tri phap ly la phirong thde chu yeu di xay dung va phat trien cae quan he phap ly quoc te.} Tra 161: Dung Vi quan he phap ly quoc te cac quy pham dieu uac quoc te chiem so luang dang ke, vai nhiing yeu the cua minh thi dieu uac quoc te la nguon quan nliat cua luat quoc te va chu yeu de xay dung phap luat quoc te va dieu uac quoc te la phuang tien chu yeu de dieu chinh quan he linh vuc hgp tac quoc te, thuc hien chinh sach doi ngoai cua moi quoc gia Cau 35: Cha me la nguoi khac quoc tich, mot hai ben co quoc tich Viet nam sinh se co quoc tich VN Tra 161: Sai Vi theo dieu 16 khoan - luat quoc tich VN, quy dinlr v^ quoc tich cua tre em sinh co cha me la cong dan VN: " tre em sinh co cha hoac me la cong dan VN, nguai la cong dan nuac ngoai, thi co quoc tich VN, neu co sir thoa thuan bang van ban cua cha me vao thai diem dang ky khai sinh cho Cau 36: Tir canh chu the cua quoc gia la su cong nhan TralM:Sai Vi tu each chu the cua LQT la tir nhien von co, co du yeu to cau quoc gia, sir cong nhan chi la cong nhan su ton tai cua mot quoc gia Cau 37: Nguroi khong quoc tich la ngiroi bi tuwc quoc tich Tra 161: Sai Vi khong qu6c tich la tinh trang phap ly cua mot nguoi khong co quoc tich cua mot nuac nao, nguyen nhan la: mot nguai da mat quoc tich cu nhung chua dugc vao quoc tich mdi (cua nha nude ma ho dang cu tru) Mot dua tre sinh tren 13nh tho cua nude ap dimg nguyen tac huyet thdng ma cha me dua tre la nguoi khdng cd quoc tich Khi cd su xung dot ve phap luat cac nude ve quoctich Bi tudc qudc tich la bien phap trtrng phat cua ca quan nha nude cd tham quyen doi vdi cdng dan ciia minh cu tru d nude ngoai ma pham nhftng ta^n thudng la pham toi phan boi to quoc, gian diep, Nhu vay ngudi khong quoc tich khong nliat thiet phai la ngudi bi tudc qudc tich Can 38: Luat quoc tieh VN chi thira nhan nguyen tac huyet thong Tra 161: Sai Vi Luat quoc tich VN khong chi thua nhan mot nguyen tac ma thira nhan den hai nguyen tac va dugc quy djnh tai LQT VNam tir dieu 16 den Dieu 19 - LQT Luat QT ket hgp nliuan nhuyen hai hda hai nguyen tac: Nguyen tac noi sinh (nguyen tac lanh tho) va nguyen t^c huyet thong (nguyen tac dan toe) Vdi muc dich de dam bao cho dua tre cd mgt quoc tich, tranh tinh trang khong quoc tich hay nhieu quoc tich Cau 39: Duong bien gidi cua quoc gia tren bien la dirdng song song vdi dirong co* so* va each duong ca sd khoang each bang chieu rong cua lanh hai Tra 161: Sai Vi no chi dung kiii de phan dinh vung npi thuy - lanh hai vdi vung chu quyen qudc te va bdi hai qudc gia ddi dien thi dudng'bien gidi tren bien la dirdng tmng tuyen Hai quoc gia co bd bidn iilp giap thi dudng bien gidi tren bien la dirdng each deu va dudng co so khdng song song Do kMng dinh tren la sai, chit khong phai moi trudng hop dudng bien gidi cua quoc gia ven bidn la song song va each dudng co sd khoang each bang chieu rong cua lanh hai Cau 40: Duong bien gidi cua qudc gia tren bien la dudng giap canh ma qudc gia lien quan thda thuan - quy dinh Tra Idi: Sai Vi no chi dung trudng hop: hai quoc gia nam lien ke No sai trudng hop hai qudc gia nam ddi dien va khong nam lien ke qudc gia nao Hai qudc gia ddi dien thi dudng bien gidi bien la dudng trung tuyen Hai qudc gia lien ke thi dudng bien gidi tren bien la dudng each deu Cau 41: Dirdng cor sd la ranh gidi them lue dia Tra loi: Sai Vi ranh gidi phia them luc dia la ranh gidi phia ngoai cua lanh hai vi them luc dia la phan day bien va vung dat dirdi dai bien ngoai lanli hai thuoc quyen chu quyen cua qudc gia ven bien ma thdi Cau 42: Vung ndi thuy, vung lanh hai, vung tiep giap lanh hai, vung dac quyen kinh te la lanh thd ciia qudc gia ven bien Tra Idi: Sai Vi vung ndi thuy, vung lanh hai nidi la lanh thd cua qudc gia ven bien Con ranh gidi phia ngoai lanh hai gqi la dudng bien gidi qudc gia tren hien Con vung tiep giap lanh hai va vung dac quyen kinh te theo dinh nghia la nhung vung bien nam ngoai lanh hai goi la nhung vung bien thudc quyen chu quyen cua qudc gia Vi vay hai vimg bien khdng coi la lanh thd cua qudc gia Cau 43: Them luc dia phap ly cd the trung vdi them luc dia dia chat Tra idi: Sai vi them luc dia dia chat duoc tinh td bd bien den mep ngoai cua ria luc dia Them luc dia phap ly theo dinh nghia duoc tinh tu ranh gidi phia ngoai ianh hai den mep ngoai ciia ria luc dia hoac co the keo dai 350 hai li ke tu dudng co sd hoac keo dai 100 hai ly ke tu dudng d^ng sau 2500m (ddi vdi nude co them luc dia rong) Cau 44: Quoc gia co chu quyen hoan toan va tuyet doi voi tat ca nhdng bo phan eau lanh tho quoc gia Tra loi: Sai Vi chu quyen cua qudc gia ddi vdi nhung vung lanh tho kliac nliau la khac Vung dat: chu quyen hoan toan tuyet ddi Vung nude la chu quyen khdng tuyet ddi Vung trdi co tinh chu quyen tuyet ddi Vimg long dat duoc mac nhien thua nhan quan he quoc te thudc chu quydn hoan toan tuyet ddi ciia qudc gia Cau 45: Quan he phap luat co sn tham gia eua quoc gia la quan he phap luat quoe te Tra loi: Sai Vi co nhftng quan he co sir tham gia cua qudc gia Chi co nhftng quan he co sir tham gia cua qudc gia ma ca hai ben deu la chu the cua luat qudc te thi quan he dd mdi la quan he cua luat qudc \k Cau 46: Ranh gioi phia ngoai eua them lue dia la du'd^g song song voi dirdng co- sff va each dirdng co1 so' khoang each 200 hai ly Tra Itri: Sai Vi no chi dung trirdng hop nhfmg nude co them lye dia hep (nhd hern 200 hai ly) Ddi vdi nhumg nirdc co them hie dia rong (201 hai ly trd len) dirge quyen lira chon hai each sau: keo dai tdi da 350 hai ly tir dirdng co so Keo dai tdi da 100 hai ly tu dudng dSng sau 2500m Cau 47: Ranh gidi phia ngoai them lue dia la dudng song song vdi dirdng co so va each dudng co' so mot khoang each 350 hai ly Tra Idi: Sai Vi no dung trudng hop nude co them luc dia rdng va xac dinh ehieu rdng cua them luc dia bang each keo dai toi da 350 hai ly tir dudng eo so Cau 48: Ranh gidi phia ngoai them luc dia la dirdug song song vdi durdng dang sau va each diroug dang sau 100 hai ly Tra Idi: sai Vi no chi dung trudng hop nhung nude cd them luc dia rong va tinh bang each (keo dai toi da 100 hai ly tu dudng dang sau 2500m) Cau 49: Duong bien gidi qudc gia tren bien la dudng trung tuyen hoac giap eanh ma cac qudc gia lien quan thda thuan, lira chon Tra Idi: Sai Vi no chi dung trudng hop qudc gia nam lien ke hoac doi dien Va sai trudng hop quoc gia khong nam lien ke hoyc doi dien vdi quoc gia nao, thi dudng bien gidi cua qudc gia tren bien la ranh gidi phia ngoai ciia lanh hai Cau 50: Che phap ly ciia lanh bai va che phap ly cua noi thiiy la gidng nbau Tra Idi: Sai Vi chii quyen qudc gia doi vdi ndi thiiy la chii quyen hoan toan tuyet ddi rieng biet Vi vay qudc gia cd quyen quyet dinh moi che dg phap ly cho vitng ndi thhy Lanh hai thuoc chu quyen hoan toan va day du cna qudc gia ven bien Theo dieu 17 cdng udc 1982 cd qwy dinh tau thuyen nude ngoai cd quyen qua lai vd hai vimg klidng can phai xin phep Vdi dieu kien phai chap hanh cdng udc Cau 51: Che phap ly ciia lanh hai va che phap ly ciia vung trdi bao trum len lanh hai la gidng Tra Idi: Sai Vi chd phap ly cua vung nude lanh hai thuoc chu quyen hoan toan va day du vi phai de cho tau thuydn nude ngoai qua lai vd han Che phap ly cua vung trdi bao trum len lanh hai thudc chu quyen hoan toan tuyet ddi va rieng biet Cau 52: Co* quan quan he ddi ngoai la nhfmg cd quan there Men cac chiic nang ngoai giao Tra Idi: Sai Vi co quan quan he ddi ngoai gdm: co quan dai dien ngoai giao, co quan lanh su phai doan dai dien thudng true ciia qudc gia tai cac to chuc qudc te lien chinh phu Ma eo quan dai dien ngoai giao mdi thuc hien chuc nang ngoai giao Cau 53: Quyen mi dai — mien trir ngoai giao va quyen tru dai mien trir lanh su' la giong Tra IM: Sai Vi quyln uu dai miln trir ngoai giao dugc ghi nhan cdng udc Vien 1961, pham vi quyln la rong hem so vdi quylnuti dai - miln trvr lanKSir dirge ghi nhan cong udc Vien 1963 Cau 54: Moi quan he phap luat c6 sir tham gia ciia quoe gia thuoc doi tuvng dieu chinh eiiaLQT Tra loi: Sai Vi qudc gia la doi tuong dieu chinh cua LHT, vi doi tirong dieu chinh ciia luat qudc te la moi quan he giira cac quoc gia vdi nhau, giua cac quoc gia vdi chu the LQT co moi quan he lien quoc gia: to clurc quoc te lien chinh phii, cac to chuc the phap ly khac Caii 55: Trong luat quoc te khong co cac bien phap che tai Tra loi: Sai Vi luat quoc te co nhung bien phap che tai nhung chii the luat quoc te thirc hien nham dam bao thi hanh LQT bang nhirng bien phap khac nhau: dim le nhu giir cong ham yeu cau xin loi, dung bien phap vu trang de tu ve hay phi vu trang (Dieu 42 huan chuong LHQ), cam van bao vay kinh te che tai quan sir Tuy nhien LHQ khong co co quan dam bao thi hanh cac bien phap che tai Cau 56: Rebus sic stantibus la dieu kien bat hop phap de cham dut hieu luc cua dieu uo"c quoc te? Tra 161: Sai Vi Rebus sic stantibus la dieu kien hop phap de cham dirt hieu lire cua dieu udc quoc te Theo cong udc Vienne 1969 ve Dieu udc quoc tl Cau 57: Hien chmmg Lien Hop Quoc la hien phap cua cpng dong quoc te Tra loi: Sai Vi ban chat ciia luat quoc te la su thoa thuan vi vay Hien chuong LHQ chi rang buoc vdi nliung qudc gia la vien ciia no ma thdi, khong rang buoc nhung quoc gia khong tham gia Vi vay, khong the coi la hien phap cua cong dong quoc te dugc II PHAN LY THUYET Cau hoi 1: Luat Bien quoc te la gi? theo Cong iroc ciia Lien Hop quoc ve Luat Bien nam 1982, Viet Nam co nhung vung bi^n nao? Tra loi: a.Luat Bien qudc te Luat Bien qudc te dugc hieu mgt each don gian nhat, la tdng hgp cac qui pham phap luat qudc te dieu chinh hoat ddng cua cac qudc gia tren the gidi lien quan den bien Cong udc qudc te ve Luat Bien ctia Lien Hgp Qudc nam 1982 (sau day goi tat la Cong udc 1982), cd hieu luc nam 1994 va Viet Nam la vien cua Cong udc (Qudc hoi nude CHXHCN Viet Nam da chinh thuc phe chuan 23/6/1994), la mot van kien qudc te tdng hop loan dien bao quat nhung van de quan nhat ve che phap ly cua bien va dai duong the gidi, quy dinh nliung quyen va nglua vu ve nhieu mat cua moi loai qudc gia (cd bien, khdng cd bien, khdr^ phan biet che kinh te, chinh tri, xa hoi cung nhu trinh phat trien) doi vdi cac vung bien thudc pham vi qudc te, cung nhu nhung vung bien thudc quyen tai phan qudc gia b.Cac vung bien theo Cong udc 1982 Theo Cong udc 1982, Viet Nam co quyen a vung hien vdi pham vi va chi phap ly khac Do la: Noi thuy, Lanh hai, Vung tiep giap Vimg dac quyen ve kinh t va Them luc dia Thang 5/1977, Chinh phu nude CHXHCN Viet Nam Tuyen b6 ve lanh hai vung tiip giap vung dac quyen kinh te va them luc dia Thang 11/1982, Chinh phu tuyen bo ve dudng co sd dung d^ tinli chieu rong lanh hai Viet Nam Hai van ban qui pham phap luat noi tren, mac du ban hanh trudc Cong udc 1982 dm, nhung da phu hop vai Cong udc, thd hien dupe chu truang, chinh sach cua Nha nude ta sdm nam bat tinli than va xu hudna tien trinh xay dirng Cong udc tir trudc Cau hoi 2: Duong co" sd" Viet Namdiroc xac djnh nhu the nao? Tra 161: La dudng co ban quoc gia ven bien cd the doit phirong xac dinh dung lam can cu de tinh chieu rong lanh hai va cac vung bien khac Cd hai loai dudng ca sd: + Dudng ca sd thong thudng: Six dung ngan nude irieu thap nhat ven bd bien hoac dao + Dudng ca sd thang: Noi cac diem hoac dao nho nhat cua bd bien luc dia hoac dao Duong ca sd thang ap dung bd bien quoc gia ven bien bi chia cat hoac cd chuoi dao gan lien va chay doc theo bd bien Viet Nam cd chuoi dao dpc theo bd bien dupe van dung de xac dinh dudng co sd thing Nam 1982 Chinh phu ta tuyen bo xac dinh dudng co sd thang ven bd luc dia Viet Nam, gdm 10 doan noi 11 diem (tru phan Vinh bac bo va vting nude lieh su giura Viet Nam va Campuchia ta dam phan phan dinh bien vdi Trung Quoc lue va chua tien hanli dam phan phan dinh bien vdi Campuchia) Viet Nam cung khong vach dudng co sd cho hai quan dao Floang Sa va Trudng Sa, vi hai quan dao khong dupe hudng quy che qudc gia quan dao theo dieu 46 cua Cong udc Cau hoi 3: The nao la vung nuoc noi thuy? Viet Nam co quyen gi vung nude noi thiiy ciia minh? Tra 161: Viet Nam co chu quy^n hoan toan va tuyet d6i vdi Npi thuy cung nhu bau trdi phia tren gidng nhu tren lanh thd dit lien Vung nude noi thuy la vung nude nam phia ben ciia dudng co sd dung de tinh chieu rpng lanh hai, tai cac quoc gia ven bien thuc hien chu quyen hoan toan, tuyet ddi va dhy du nhu tren lanh tho dat lien doi vdi tail thuyen cpng dong cd to ehuc va dap img eac qui t^c rieng biet Vung nude npi thuy bao gom: Cac vung nude cang bien, vung tau, cua song, vinh cac vung nude nam giua lanh tho dat lien va dudng eo sd dung de tinh chieu rong lanh hai Cau hoi 4: Lanh hai la gi? Quy che phap ly cua no nhu the nao? Tra 161: Lanh hai la vung bien rong 12 hai ly (1 hai ly = 1,852 km) tinh tu dudng co sd, co che dp phap ly tuong tu nhu lanh thd dat lien Ranh gidi ngoai cua lanh hai la bien gidi quoc gia tren bien Trong lanh hai, tau thuyen ciia cac quoc gia kliac dupe hudng quyen qua lai khdng gay hai va thudng di theo tuyen phan luong giao thong bien cua nude ven bien Lanh hai ciia nude CHXHCN Viet Nam rpng 12 hai ly theo tuyen bo nam 1982 cua Chinh phu Viet Nam Cau hoi 5: The nao la vung tiep giap lanh hai? Che phap ly vung nude nhu the nao? Tra 161: 10 Gia tri phap ly - Co gia tri chung tham va bat ciia phan quyet huge doi vbi eac ben - Khong co Cau 10: So sanh giai quyet tranh chap tai Toa an quoc te x(ri Toa an EU Tra 161: *Giong nhau: -Ca Toa an deu la ca quan chinh cua To chuc quoc te TCP -Deu la Co quan tai phan giai quyet cac tranh chap quoc te -Thanh vien tham phan, khong dai dien cho chinh phu nuac nao va hoat dong hoan toan doc lap -Phan quyet cua Toa an deu co gia tri bat buoc vai cac ben tranh chap *Khac nhau: So sanh Toa an quoc te LHQ Toa an EU Cff so- phap ly - Hien chuang Lien hop quoc de hoat dong nam 1945 - Hiep udc lap lien minh Chau Au 7/2/1992, dugc sua doi bo sung theo hiep uac Amsterdam 1997 va hiep uac Nice 2001 So luong -15 tham phan va toi thieu la - 33 vien (25 tham phan va cong to vien) Chuc nang - Giai quyet tranh chap quoc te - Thuc Men chuc nang ve ITnh vuc tu van va dua cac ket luan tu van va lTnh vuc tu phap dugc xac dinh theo Dieu 96 Hien chuang LHQ Chu tM - La cac quoc gia (khong phan - Thanh vien va c6ng dan cua cac nuac biet la vien LHQ hay vien EU (co the la the nhan, phap khong) nhan) 83 \ Quy trinh thu tuc xet xir -Tien hanh theo trinh tir day du va rut gpn -Thirc hien chirc nang giai thich luat cua EU doi vai eric quoc gia vien, cong -Birac xet xir gom giai doan: + Xem xet hinh thirc, tire la xem dan cac nirac vien dong thai giai quyet tat ca eac tranh chap phat sinh cac llnh virc hanh phap xet ve tham quyen cua Toa an -Trinh tu so tham va phuc tham + Xet xir ve npi dung vu viec theo thu tue: Noi va viet Gia tri phap ly cua phan quyet - Co gia tri chung tham va bat - Phan quyet co the khang cao va dugc xem buoc doi vai cac ben xet lai - Co gia tri bat buoc doi vai cac ben co lien quan Cau 11: So sanh giira Dieu tra, Trung gian va Hoa giai Tra loi: *Giong nhau: -Deu la bien phap thong qua ben thir -Quyet dinh ciia ben thir khong co gia tri phap ly bat bupc doi vai cac ben tranh chap *Khac Dieu tra Trung gian - Giup cho viec hieu mot - Tham gia tich c\rc - Khuyen khich, dong vien cac quoc each ro rang, khach quan ve gia co lien quan den tranh chap giai cac sir kien da lam sinh cac cuoc dam phan gifta cac ben tranh chap, dun cac tranh chap kien nghi cimg each giai Hoa giai quyet vu tranh chap bang bien phap hoa binh quyet ciia minh va soan cac du thao de cac ben thao luan - Cho bao cao de xac dinh tinh hinh da xay thi hoat dong dieu tra se chain dirt - Tham giam giai quyet tir dau den tranh chap ket thiic 84 - Khong dirge quyen tham gia dam phan, khong dirge dun cac dieu kien giai quyet tranh chap - Co quyen dua nhimg - Tien hanh hoat dong theo sang kien ket luan, kien nghi de cac rieng cua minh hoac theo de nghi cua khong co tinli chat quyet dinh giai quyet tranh chap ben tranh chap xem xet cac ben tranh chap - Cac ben tranh chap co toan quyen vice thira - Kien nghi cua cac ben hoa - Cac de nghi, khuyen cao ciia ben - Chi dua bao cao xac nhan tinh hinh da xay ra, giai khong co tinh chat bat trung gian chi co the la ca so cho cac nhan hoac bac bo bao cao buoc doi vdi cac ben tranh cuoc dam phan va thoa thuan cua UB dieu tra chap - Hoat dong hoa giai mang - Hoat dong trung gian co the tra tinli chat nang dong, rong hem, sau hem so voi hoat tlianh hoat dong hoa giai dong trung gian Cau 12: So sanh cac bien phap ngoai giao v6"i cac bien phap phap K de giai quyet cac tranh chap quoc te Tra 1M: *Giong nhau: -Deu la cac bien phap de giai quyet cac tranh chap quoc te -Deu la su trg giiip cua ben thii *Khac nhau: So sanh Bien phap ngoai giao Bien phap phap lv Cac bien phap - Dam phan, trung gian, dieu tra, - Tai phan T6a an quoc te va Trong tai hoa giai quoc te - Cac tranh chap lien quan den - Tranh chap lien quan den phap ly Tinh chat chinh tri Hinh thnc thuc hien - Tnmg gian, hoa giai, dieu tra: dirge thuc hien bdi ben thur - Toa an quoc te va Trong tai quoc te de la sir trg giup cua ben thu - Co the tu lira chon cac bien phap nhu: 85 Gia tri phap ly - Dam phan: cac ben true tiep Thong qua to chirc quoc te khu vuc, toa gap cau va thong qua cac hiep dinh khu vuc - Chi co tinh chat khuyen nghi, - Co tinh chat bat buoc doi vai cac ben khong mang tinh chat bat buoc tranh chap doi vai ben tranh chap Cau 13: Phan Met giua dam phan Dieu 33 Hien chirong lien hop quoc va dam phan de ky ket Dieu vt&c quoe te Tra 161: *Khai niem: Dam phan la sir tiep xuc song phuong hoac da phirong, hoac cac chu the khac cua luat quoc te de ban bac, thong nhat mot so van de Hoac giai quyet cac tranh chap quoc te * Phan Met: Khac ve muc dich Dam phan Dieu 33 Hien So sanh Kh^i niem chuong lien hop quoc Dam phan de ky ket Dieu uoc quoc te - La nhimg bien phap - La nhung giai doan bat buqc cua hoa binh de giai quyet cac qua trinh ky ket Dieu udc quoc te Ban chat tranh chap quoc te Co tinh ciia Dieu uac quoc te la su thba thuan chat tir lira chqn Muc dich - Huang den giai quyet nhimg - Nham xay dung mot van ban phap luat bat dong giua cae ben quoc te (con gqi la Dieu uac quoc te), nguon van cua Luat quoc te - Dugc coi la giai doan dau tien de ky ket Dieu uac quac te -Co the la bien phap dau tien hoac cuoi cung de giai quyet tranh chap III PHAN LY THUYET VA BAI TAP Cau 1: Hay chirng minh rang cac mi diem dam phan true tiep 86 Tra 16'i: Phitong thuc dugc thirc hleri thong qua viec dam 'phan true tiep giua cac ben tranli chap No dong vai tro quan trqng viec giai quyet tranh chap quoc te Phucmg thuc dugc ap dung bien va dugc biet den tu rat scrm lich sir quan he quoc te va luon chiem vi tri hang dau so danh muc cac bien phap ma cac chii the luat quoc te ap dung Dam phan true tiep dugc hieu la sir trao doi co tinh chat de xuat, thuong lugng ban bac theo hinh thuc song phirong hoac da phucmg cac van de sinh tranh chap dien giua cac ben lien quan khuon kho hoi nghi hoac cac cuoc gap song phucmg Dam phan true tiep khong chi dugc giai quyet tranh chap giua cac chu the luat quoc te ma la phucmg tien dugc sir dung de trao doi thong tin, y kien ve cac van de khac nliau, thong nhat quan diem ducmg loi ky ket cac dieu uac quoc te Dam phan eo the dugc tien hanh bdi dai dien chinh thuc cua cac ben huu quan d cac cap khac nhau, co the co hoac khong co ben thu 3, neu co ben thu (Tham chi ca cong dong quoc te) thi cung kho gay ap luc va can thi^p vao qua trinh giai quyet tranh chap; neu khong co ben thu thi cac ben tham gia dam phan de de dang kiem soat noi dung giai quyet tranh chap Dam phan co moi quan he mat thiet vai cac bien phap giai quyet tranh chap khac, chang han dam phan co the la giai doan khai dau cua phuomg thuc giai quyet tranh chap hoac co the la he qua cua viec ap dung cac phuang thuc giai quyet tranh chap khac Viec dam phan true tiep co the dugc xuc tien bat cur luc nao, dia diem, thai gian khong bi han che, khong chi giai quyet dugc loai bo su nghi nga hoac sir bat dong ve y chi Do dam phan true tiep dugc cac ben lira chgn de giai quyet hau het cac loai tranh chap Cau 2: Can cu* vao viec phan nhom, hay xac dinh tieu chi de phan lam nhom Tra 1M: Nhom 1: Can cu vao tinh chat hoat dong: Nguai ta chia lam loai Nhom 2: Can cu vao phan cua T6a tai (can cu vao so lugng tai vien): nguai ta chia lam nguai va nguai tra len Nhom 3: Can cu vao tieu chi vao tham quyen giai quyet tranh chap: Nguai ta chia lam tham quyen chung va tham quyen chuyen mon Cau 3: Toa an cong ly quoc te co quyen dieu chinh, sira doi, bo sung van ban nao van ban sau day: Hien chuomg LHQ 1945; Qui che toa an cong ly qu^c te; Ban noi quy lam viec ciia Toa an Tra loi: Co quyen dieu chinh sua doi, bo sung noi quy lam viec cua Toa an Vi van ban chinh Toa an ban hanh va thong qua Con van ban lai deu co su dong y quoc te thong qua tai dai hoi dong nen chi co Dai hoi dong chi ly sua doi, bo sung Cau 4: Phu tham co giong hoi tham vien cua Boi tham doan Toa an Anh, My khong? Tra \m: Khong giong Vi boi tham vien tham gia phien Toa chi theo doi khong dua y kien gi tai Toa, chi dua y kien tranh luan nghi an de phan quyet vu an thai gain boi tham doan nghi an 87 khdng gidi Iran, den nao thong nhat thi ban an Con phu tham khdng cd quyen quyet dinh vu \ an.\ Cau 5: To chuc Dnesco tranh chap vdi qudc gia Pakistan Vu an duoc chuyen cho Tda An cdng ly quoc te de giai quyet Hoi TA cd tham quyen giai quyet khdng? Tra Idi: Tda an cdng ly qudc te khdng cd tham quyen giai quyet Vi tda an cdng ly qudc te cd tham quyen giai quyet cac tranh chap qudc te phat sinh giua cac qudc gia la vien hoac khdng la vien cua Lien hap qudc Nhimg tranh chap tren la tranh chap giua cac qudc gia mot ben la qudc gia va mot ben la to chuc phi chinh phu nen Tda an cdng ly quoc le khdng cd tham quyen giai quyet Cau 6: Hay neu va cho vi du cu the tirng phirong thirc cua tham quyen Tda an cdng ly qudc te Phuong thurc nao la tdi iru, phuong thirc nao la khdng tdi iru? Tra Idi: -Phuong thuc 1: Cac ben chap nhan tham quyen giai quyet cua Tda theo timg vu viec tranh chap phat sinh Vi du: Gia sir giua Viet Nam va Trung Qudc vdi ve Trudng Sa, Hoang Sa Hai ben thong nhat chap nhan thoa thuan de Tda An cdng ly qudc te giai quyet -Phuang thuc 2: Cue ben chap nhan trade tham quyen ciia Tao An cac DLTQT dugc ky ket giua chimg Vi du: Qulc gia A, B, C, D ky kit BU'QT qude gia thing nhat neu tuomg lai tranh chap phat sinh giua cac qudc gia thi Tda an cdng ly qudc te la su lira chon nhat cd tham quyen de giai quyet tranh chap -Phuang thurc 3: Qudc gia dua mot tuyen bo don phuang chap nhan trade tham quyen xet xu cua Tda an Vi du: Qudc gia T dua tuyen bd dan phuang neu tuang lai qudc gia T cd tranh chap vdi bat ky qudc gia nao thi qudc gia T chap nhan Tda an qudc te la co quan cdng ly xem xet dua quyet dinh cudi cung Trong phuang thuc thi phuang thuc va la tdi uu Bdi vi tham quyen giai quyet dugc xac dinh dya tren ca sd thda thuan giua cac qude gia (song phuang hoac da phuang), dugc Tda an cdng ly qudc te giai quyet Con phuang thirc thu la khdng tdi uu Bdi vi tham quyen giai quyet tranh chap chi dugc xac dinh dua tren ca sd dan phuang (chi cd mot qudc gia) Cau 7: Nam 1979 WHO (to churc y te the gidi) dun yeu cau kit luan tir van cho Tda cong ly qudc te, hay tra liri rang viee sir dung vu hat nhan va nguyen tir thdi dilm hien tai co vi pham phap luat qudc te khdng? Luat qudc te cd nghiem cam sir dung quan he qudc te hay khdng? Anh chj vdi tir each la tham phan Tda an cdng ly qudc te xir ly vu viec nhir the nao? There the nao cd quyen dira yeu cau tren? Tra liri: Vdi tu each la tham phan chiing ta klidng thu ly vu an va se khdng dua ket luan tu van vdi ly WHO la to chuc y te the gidi khdng cd quyen dua yeu cau ket luan tu van vdi ndi 88 dang neu tren Tham quyen dira yeu can la Hoi dong bao an va cac thirc the khac co tham quyen, vai chuc nang on dinh hoa binh the gidi: Cau 8: Chung minh vi eo1 ehe giai quyet tranh chap ciia Asean la su* mo phong va dieu chinh c^ die giai quyet tranh chap ciia WTO Tra 161:\ Co che giai quyet tranh chap cua Asean dirge quy dinh nghi dinh thur Manila 1996 co nhieu diem tuong dong vai co che giai quyet tranh chap cua WTO thirc chat la sir mo phdng ca che giai quyet tranh chap ciia WTO vai vai thay doi cho phu hop vai nguyen tac to chuc va hoat dong cua ASEAN Tuy nhien khac vai WTO chi dan thuan la to chirc hop tac kinh te, ASEAN la to chuc hop tac toan dien ve chinh tri, van hoa, kinh te, xa hoi, do phai giai quyet bat cu tranh chap nao, cac quoc gia ASEAN deu co gang giai quyet a giai doan tham van ma it phai dira ca quan giai quyet tranh chap, dieu vira giup tranh chap dugc giai quyet each nhauh chong, kip thai, vira khong lam anh huong den quan he huu nghi cac lrnh virc khac giua cac ben tranh chap Cau 9: Trong quan diem sau: -Da gay thiet hai thi phai boi thu^ng -Quoc gia gay thiet hai se cam ket khong co hanh vi tai pham tuong lai -Quoc gia hi hai co quyen yeu cau khoi phuc lai nguyen trang truo'c thiet hai phat sinh Quan diem nao dung? Vi sao? Tra loi: Quan diem la dung: Quoc gia gay thiet hai se cam ket khong co hanh vi tai pham tuonglai Vi viec gay thiet hai thi phai boi thuong hoac khoi phuc lai nguyen trang truoc klii thiet hai phat sinh doi vai cac quoc gia tu ban giau co thi khong kho khan va co the vi pham tuong lai ^Va neu khong cam ket cae quoc gia de din den vi pham Ian sau Do quan diem la quan diem tien bo va thuc te viec ngan ngira hanh vi xam pham giua cac quoc gia voi nliau Cau 10: Trong viec ap dung nguyen tac trurng phat doi v6"i hanh vi vi pham nghiem luat quoc te, co ap dung nguyen tac tra dua tuwng xumg khong? Vi sao? Tra 161: Trong viec ap dung bien phap trung phat nguyen tac tuong xung khong dugc ap dung, boi vi day la bi^n phap co tinh chat che tai dugc ap dung doi voi quoc gia co hanh vi vi pham nghiem luat quoc te Bien phap trirng phat dugc sir dung va se dugc cham dut klii muc dich cua trung phat da dat dugc Cau 11: Vi du phurong tien bay tau thoi ctia My ve trai dat va no tung tren bau trM Trung Quoc, cac manh v& bay kh^p nol lam thiet hai cho ngmri va tai san ciia nhan dan Trung Quoc Tu* vi du tren hay sac dinh can cu* de xac dinh trach nhicm vat chat doi voi thiet hai gay bdi hanh vi luat quoc te khong cam (Trach nhiem khach quan) Tra 161: 89 -Can cu 1: Co qui pham phap ly qudc te tucoig img quy dinh quyen va nghia vu phat sinh trach nhiem khach quan: Cac quy pham phap ly qudc te duoc ghi nhan cdng udc ve trach nhiem qudc te ddi vdi thiet hai phuong tien bay vu tru gay thiet hai dupe thong qua nam 1972 -Can cu 2: Cd su kien phap ly lam phat sinh hieu lire ap dung cac quy pham phap ly qudc te: Su kien phuong tien bay tau thoi ciia My hi no tren bau trdi Trung Qudc -Can cur 3: Cd mdi quan he nhan qua giua su kien phap ly va thiet hai vat chat phat sinh: Cd mdi quan he nhan qua ciia phuong tien bay tau thoi cua My no tren bau trdi Trung Qudc lai thiet hai cho dat nude Trung Qudc (hay thiet hai tren lanh thd Trung Qudc vice no phuong tien bay tau thoi ciia My gay ra) Cau 12: Can eur fiieu 33 Hien ehirong LHQ de phan loai cac bien phap hda binh, dura nhuhng iru diem cua nhimg bien phap Traldi: *Phan loai cae bien phap hda binh -Bien phap giai quyet-true tiep: Dam phan -Bien phap giai quyet thong qua sir trp giiip ciia ben thu 3: Dieu tra, trung gian, hda giai (nhung quyet dinh ciia ben thu khdng mang gia tri bat budc ddi vdi cac ben tranh chap) -Bien phap phap ly (tai phan qudc te): Trong tai qudc te tda an qudc te (quyet dinh cua ben thu cd gia tri phap ly bat budc ddi vdi cac ben tranh chap) -Thong qua cac to chue qudc te hoac cac hiep dinh khu vuc (quy trinh phu thudc vao co cau to chuc, pham vi tham quyen ciia timg to chuc qudc te do) *Cae iru diem: -Dam plran: la nhung bien phap gian tien nhat bdi vi no cd nhung uu the Idn nhu sau: + Cac ben tranh chap true tiep tiep xuc vdi nhau, dua nhung yeu cau va tao dieu kien cho ho hieu + Khdng cd su can thiep cua ben thu vao vu viec ciia nude (khdng bi le thudc vao muu chinh tri) + Tiet kien duoc thdi gian va tien bac gitta cac ben tranh chap -Dieu tra: Thudng thanli lap uy ban dieu tra, ket luan dieu tra chi mang tinh chit thani khao ddi vdi cac ben tranh chap, muc tham gia ciia ban dieu tra vao van de giai quyet tranh chap nhieu hon so vdi trung gian -Trung gian: Cd the la don le hoac tap the, cd nghTa vu tao dieu kien cho ben tranh chap tiep can va dam phan vdi nhaii -Hda giai: Mire can thiep cua ben hda giai tham gia vao sudt qua trinh giai quyet tranh chdp, dua nhung y kien giai phap -Trong tai qulc te: Phan quyet mang tinh chat men deo khdng ddi ngliich khdng phan biet ke thang ngucri thua va duoc xet xu kin, do van giua duoc uy tin cho cac ben tranh chap, tao dieu kien cho ho tiep tuc hop tac vdi -Tda an qudc te: + Phan quyet ciia Tda an cd gia tri bat budc vdi cac ben tranh chip, thudng duoc cae ben tranh chap ton va thuc hien nghiem chinh, tru so trudng hop ngoai le 90 + Trong kliuon klio hoat dong cua Toa an quoc te, tranh chap qudc te co the dirge giai quyet triet de va hieu qua.\^tw • ••-,^-* + Phan quyet Toa an quoc te dua thudng dam bao cong bang va khach quan Cau 13: Neu va phan tich Dieu 33 Hien ehuong Lien Hop Quoc? Tra I6*i: *Hien churong Lien Hop Quoc -Cac ben duong sir eric cuoc tranh chap ma keo dai cac cuoc tranh chap ay co the de doa den hoa binh va an ninh quoc te, trade het phai co gang tim each giai quyet tranh chap bang dudng drim phan, dieu tra, trung gian, hoa giai, tai, Toa an, sir dung nhirng to chuc thuoc nhftng dieu hoc khu virc hoac cae bien phap hoa binh khac theo su lira chon cua minh, -Hoi dong bao an neu thay can thiet se yeu cau cac duong su giai quyet tranh chap cua ho bang cac bien phap noi tren *Phan tich Hien chvcmg Lien Hop Quoc -Sir liet ke Dieu 33 I lien chuomg LHQ ve cac bien phap hoa binh la sir chua day du vi cac cum tir "hoac bang cac bien phap hoa binli khac tiiy theo su lua chon cua minh" Nhu vay, quoc gia tranh chap co the lira chon bang hinh thuc mua giai hoac cac ben tu nghi neu khong vi pham dieu kien de doa dung vu lire, dung vu lire -NgliTa vu giai quyet tranh chap bang nhirng bien phap hoa binh la nghTa vu bat buoc cua cac ben tranh chap -Cac ben tranh chap dirge quyen lira chon nhirng bien phap hoa binh da dugc liet ke d tren -Cac ben tranh chap co quyen ket hop cac bien phap hoa binh vdi (neu dam phan khong cong thi hoa giai, hoa giai khong cong thi dua tai, tai khong giai quyet thoa dang co the dua Toa an quoc te, tiep tuc dam phan ) mien dem lai ket qua cao nhat Cau 14: Trong hup dong cac ben chon luat ciia nuc^c A de ap d^ng dieu chinh hop dong va thoa thuan cua nude khac (B) de giai quyet tranh chap hup dong Theo anh chi tranh chap xay luat nao du-oc ap dung? Vi sao? Tra ldi: Theo hop dong cac ben chon luat cua nude A de ap dung dieu chinh hop dong va thoa thuan cua nude khac (B) de giai quyet tranh chap hop dong se duoc ap dung Vi noi dung cua dieu khoan luat ap dung giai quyet tranh chap duoc hieu nhu sau: -Phuong thirc giai quyet tranli chap tirng hop dong -Thu tuc lira chon ben thu tham gia giup giai quyet tranh chap -Cach thuc lira chon dia diem, then gian cho viec giai quyet tranh chap -Cac quy tac to tung ap dung qua trinh giai quyet tranh chap -Hieu lire, co che dam bao thi hanh ket qua giai quyet tranh chap Cau 15: Hay chon nhirng bien phap sau ma anh chi cho la hieu qua nhat nham bao ve quyen loi toi da cho minh ky ket hop dong vdi doi phuong va giai thich ngan gon Tai sao? 91 a)Bam phan xay dung va ky ket that day (lii nhung noi dung ciia hop dong b)Tru-crc ky ket hop dong can phai xem lai chi tiet eac dieu khoan eiia hop dong, neu can thiet phai thao luan lai e) Soan thao, dira dieu khoan traeh nhiem va sii-a doi hop dong vao hop dong d)Soan thao day du nhu-ng dieu khoan mien trach nhiem de xay minh dirgemien trach nhiem e)Thoa thuan dieu khoan trgng tai hop dong f)Soan thao dieu khoan luat ap dung va luat ap dung giai quyet tranh chap hop dong g)Van dung va giai thich dung cac dieu khoan hop dong, quyet dinh cua PL ap dung cho hop dong nharn bao ve quyen loi ciia minh truo'c co1 quan tai phan co tham quyen giai quyet tranh chap Tra kVi: Bien phap a: Dam phan xay dung va ky ket that day du nhung noi dung ciia hop dong la hieu qua nhat nham bao ve quyen va Igi ich toi da cho minh tham gia hgp dong thuong mai quoc te Vi no da the hien dugc y chi ciia cac ben tham gia hgp dong, klia nang ngan ngua cac tranh chap xay phq thupc nhieu vao qua trinh dam phan hgp dong KM dam phan tot se co nhieu dieu khoan that ro rang chi tiet giup eho hgp dong de thuc hien la hgp dong co nhieu dieu khoan toi nghia, da nghia se kho co tranh chap xay Cau 16: Khi tai vien vu kien la vi giao su* va vi giao su* co xuat ban sach bay to quan diem ciia minh ve nhung bien phap viee giai quyet tranh chap hop dong va vu kien thi van de ma hoi dong tai giai quyet co lien quan den quan diem cua vi giao su- (da du-oc the hien saeh cua minh) Theo anh chi thi van de eo xung dot loi ich hay khong? (noi each khac la vi giao su- co can rut khoi hoi dong tai de dam bao tinh vo tu- hay khong?) Tra loi: Trong tai phai dam bao tinh vo tir giai quyet tranh chap vay viec tai la vi giao su da the hien quan diem cua minh cac bai viet hoac sach va thi se khong th^ dam bao tinh vo tu khach quan giai quyet vu viec dugc Van de ro rang da xung dot tdi lgi ich cua cac ben hop dong Do vay vi giao su co can nit khoi hoi dong tai de dam bao tinli vo tu Cau 17: Khi thoa thuan dieu khoan tai hop dong, cae ben co thoa thuan viec tu- choi tai vien cae ben lura chon khong? Tai sao? Tra loi: Khi dieu khoan tai hap dong neu ro phat sinh tranh chdp se trgng tai ma hai ben ciing ebon giai quyet thi viec cac ben yeu cau tu trgng tai ben chon se tat y^u xay ra, truhng hop thong thucmg tai se trung tarn tai chi dinh tu danh sach trgng tai tai trung tarn Trong trudng hop ben neu ro viec giai quyet tranh chap se trgng tai giai quyet thi cac ben khong co quyen tu choi trgng tai ben lira chon; moi ben se chon trgng tai, trgng tai se cung chon trgng tai thu la Chu tich hoi dong trgng tai de giai quyet viec tranh chdp 92 "4 Cau 18: Sam la cdng dan nude A da bi quan linh cua niroc B giet chet sau Sam tir chdi khdng chin ndp tien cho ho nlur'yeu cau Nhflng ngiroi giet chet Sam la nhurng quan chuc quan doi dung dau don vi, mang ham cap ta va dvtac hau thuan cua so nhan vat khac Nhung quan chuc khang dinh ho giet Sam tham quyen cua ho theo luat phap nude B Hanh vi cua cac quan linh ke tren dune xem la hanh vi trai phap luat Qudc gia A de bao ve edng dan cua minh da thong qua hanh dong ngoai giao, yeu cau qudc gia B phai bdi thunng Tuy nhien cac bien phap ngoai giao da khdng di den cdng Ca hai qudc gia A va B deu chap thuan dira vu viec xet xir tai Trong tai qudc te a)Anh chi cho biet tai quoc te cd tham quyen giai quyet khdng? Tad sao? b)Lieu qudc gia B cd phai bdi thunng ve nhan mang ciia Sam khdng? Tai sao? c)Gia tri phan quyet cua Trong tai qudc te Tra ldi: a) Theo quan niem ve Trong tai qudc te la co quan tai phan quoc te duoc cac qudc gia va chu the khac cua luat qudc te thda thuan lap, tren ca sd DUQT ve tai nham giai quyet tranh chap phat sinh gifta cac ben Co so xac dinh tham quyen cua Tda an tai la sir nhat tri cua cac ben tranh chap ve viec dua vu tranh chap giM quyet tai Tda tai Nhir vay, trudng hop cac bi^n phap ngoai giao ma qudc gia A va qudc gia B da ap diang nhimg van khdng cdng thi qudc gia thda thuan dua vu viec xet xu tai Trdng tai qudc te Thi Me Trqng tai qudc te co tham quyen giai quyet tranh chap phat sinh giua qudc gia A va B Va ngudn lu|t ap dung de giai quyet tranh chap tai Tda Trong tai qudc te la cac nguyen tac va quy pham luat qudc te, cu the la cac DlTQT ma cac ben ky ket hoac tham gia cd lien quan true tiep den tranh chap va tap quan qudc te b)Khi qudc gia A va B da thda thuan dua vu viec xet xtr tai tai qudc te thi Tda an tai can cut vao cac dau hieu va chung cu cua ben ma nhan dinh xem qudc gia B cd phai chiu trach nhiem phap ly qudc te hay khdng Neu cd thi qudc gia B phai bdi thudng ve nhan mang cua Sam Trong trudng hop nay, nhung ngudi giet Sam la nhirng quan chuc quan ddi dung dau don vi mang ham cap ta va dugc sir hau thuan cua sd nhan vat khac Nhirng quan chire khang dinh viec giet Sam la pham vi tham quyen cua ho [ Cd nghia la ho giet Sam dang thi hanh nhiem vu nhan danh nha nude cua qudc gia B Ngoai ho giet Sam la Sam da tir chdi khdng chiu ndp tien theo yeu cau cua ho [ day la trudng hop ho da hanh dong vat qua tham quyen cho phep ddi vdi quan nhan, ho khdng the giet ngudi chi vi ho khdng chiu ndp tien phat theo yeu cau •^ Nhung quan nhan la vien chuc nha nude, ho da giet ngudi dang thuc hien nhiem vu nhan danh nha nude cua qudc gia B, ddng thai ho da hanh ddng vuqt qua tham quyen cho phep ddi vdi quan nhan -Qudc gia B phai ganh chiu trach nhiem phap ly qudc te hanh vi cua cac quan nhan gay qudc gia B -Bay la loai trach nhiem phap ly qudc td chu quan [ Quoc gia B phai bdi thudng ve nhan mang cua Sam c)Ve nguyen tdc thi phan quydt ciia Trong tai qudc te la chung tham va co hieu luc bat budc ddi vdi cac ben tranh Ghap, cac ben cd nghia vu thi hanh va khdng cd khieu nai, khang cao, khang nghi 93 Phan quyet ciia Toa tai chi dugc xem xet lai trudng hap co nhung dieu kien mai co anh hudng ca ban den noi dung phan quyet ma truoe Toa tai chua dirge biet den, Sau Toa tai phan quyet neu cac ben co quart diem khac ve hieu lire cung nhu ve viec giai thieh va thi hanli phan quyet Trong tai thi chinh T6a tai se xem xet va giai quyet Phan quyet cua Trong tai quoc te co the bi coi la vo hieu va cac ben khong co nghla vit phai thi hanh mot so trudng hop sau: -Bl/QT (hoac dieu khoan) ve tai ma cac ben ky ket bi vo hieu -Toa trqng tai vugt qua tham quyen dugc cac ben thoa thuan trao cho -Co dau hieu mua chuoc vien cua Hoi dong tai -Vi pham nghiem cac quy dinh ve thu tuc to tung Cau 19: Trong quy che ban dau gia cua tranh chap ban dau gia Y co dieu khoan quy dinh cac tranh chap phat sinh ban dau gia se dirge giai quyet bang Trong tai Ben A da mua 16 hang X B lam chu so* huu du*a ban dau gia tai to chu*c ban dau gia Y Trong phien ban dau gia Y da lap bien ban hoan viec ban dau gia va cung B lam thu tuc chuyen quyen sn hiru 16 hang eho A nhung sau A khuxrc tir mua 16 hang Y voi ly minh chira ky hop dong nao voi B ca ma chi co bien ban dau gia ngirdi ban dau gia (eua to chire dau gia Y) ky Theo anh chi trmrng hop tai co tham quyen xet xir khong? Tai sao? Tra 161: Theo quy che ban dau gia thi bien ban ban dau gia cua to chvrc dau gia la chirng tir ghi nhan sir thoa thuan dong y ciia ben tham gia phien dau gia Va quy che ban dau gia cua to chirc Y thi cac khoan tranh chap phat sinh ban dau gia se giai quyet bang trqng tai A khuoc tir mua 16 hang tren la mot tranh chap phat sinh giira A va B; viec lap bien ban dau gia phien dau gia thuc chat da la thda thuan gi^a A va B cho viec mua ban 16 hang X va bien ban lap theo quy che dau gia, truong hap trqng tai co tham quyen xet xir Cau 20: Ngay 01/03/2006 A (nguoi ban) va B (bin mua) da ky thoa thuan ve thue tau va ^thoa thuan ve A lien tuc ban gao cho B" Ben 01/05/2006 A va B ky thoa thuan ve quan ly tau thuyen chuyen eho' gao Trong thda thuan eo ghi "tat ca cac tranh chap phat sinh tir thda thuan se tai giai quyet" Khi nhan hang tir cang den, B phat hien gao khong dam bao chat luqng Theo anh chj viec tranh chap ve chat lirong gao trirong hop tai co tham quyen giai quyet khdng? Tra 161: Trong truomg thoa thuan ve quan ly thuyen chuyen cha gao co neu ro viec quan ly chuyen cha phai dam bao ve chat lirgng cho hang hoa chuyen eho thi van den se thuqc tham quyen giai quyet cua trqng tai Neu khong neu ro van de tren thi gao khong dung chat lirgng se la tranh chap khong thuqc quyen giai quyet ciia trqng tai trir trudng hop ben co thoa thuan trqng tai cho viec giai quyet cac tranh chap phat sinh giua ben Cau 21: Quoc gia X va Y deu la vien cua cdng w&c 1966 cua Lien hop qudc ve nhan quyen 94 #••'•• A la cong dan ciia nude X eir trii va lam an tai quoc gia Y Ngay 17/05/1985 A bi cong dan nude Y tan cong, A.bi thuong nang va sau thi^het Canh sat nude Y thay A la nguni nirdc ngoai nen da lam ngo' va khong co gang buoc ngirdi vi pham phai chiu trach nhiem Gia dinh A da giu* dun yeu cau Tda an cua quoc gia Y xet xir hanh vi pham toi cua cong dan noi tren Toa an nude Y da dua xet xd, nhirng co kien chong lai nan nhan va da khdng thuc hien phan quyet cong bang va khong khdi phuc thiet hai theo yeu cau Vi vay ho da nhd tdi quoc gia minh la quoc gia X De bao ve cong dan ciia minh, nirdc X da kien quoc gia Y Toa an quoc te Lien hop quoc vi cho rang nirdc Y da vi pham cac cong irdc ve nhan quyen 1996 a)Theo anh chi Toa an quoc te Lien hop quoc co tham quyen xet xd v^ viec tren khong? Can cd vao dieu nao? b)Quoc gia Y co phai chiu trach nhiem quoc te khong? Tai sao? c)Neu throe xet xd tranh chap nay, anh chi se giai quyet sao? Tra ldi: a)Day la tranh chap giua quoc gia X vdi quoc gia Y, theo Khoan Dieu 34 Quy che Toa an quoc te Lien hop quoc thi tda an quoc te cd tham quyen giai quyet tranh chap gifta cac quoc gia vdi Mat khac quoc gia X va Y deu la vien cua cong udc 1996 ciia Lien hop qudc ve nhan quyen va tranh chap xay thudc lmh vue nhan quyen, nen can cu vao Diem a Khoan Dieu 39 Quy che Toa an qudc te Lien hop qudc thi Tda an qudc te Lien hop qudc cd day du tham quyen giai quyet tranh chap giua qudc gia X va Y b)Ddi vdi hanh vi tan cdng cdng dan nude X cua cdng dan nude Y dan den thiet mang cdng dan X thi qudc gia Y khdng ganh chiu trach nhiem phap ly qudc te hanh vi ciia cdng dan nude minh gay Tuy nhien, trudng hop qudc gia Y phai ganh chiu trach nhiem phap ly qudc te ddi vdi qudc gia X vi tan cdng cua cdng dan nude minh vao cdng dan nude X dan den thiet mang ma qudc gia Y khdng ap dung nhdng bien phap can thiet de trung phat nhung ke pham tdi Mac du Tda an nude Y da dua xet xu, nhung cd kien chdng lai nan nhan va da khdng thuc hien phan quyet cdng bang Nhu vay qudc gia Y da khdng thuc hien day du cac nghia vu can thiet de trung tri cac ca nhan pham tdi cho du qudc gia Y da tham gia vdi tu each la vien cdng udc cua Lien hop qudc 1966 ve nhan quyen [Quoc gia Y phai ganh chiu trach nhiem phap ly qudc te da vi pham cdng udc ve nhan quyen 1966 c)Thu tuc giai quyet tranh chap qudc tl tai tda an qudc te *Thu tuc vilt: Cac ben tranh chap phai gui den Tda theo dung quy dinh ve thai gian cac hd sa sau: -Ban bi vong luc: Trinh bay chi tilt cac sir kien dan den tranh chap, nhung ly le lap trudng dl bao ve loi ich quyen loi, dinh kern tda bo chung cu hd so tai lieu nham nao ve lqi ich quyen lqi, toan bo hd sa dich tieng Anh hay tieng Phap giri cho thu ky Tda, thu ky Tda se dich tieng thu rdi giri cho tda bq cac tham phan -Bi phan bi vong luc (ban bi vong luc phuc dap): Nham phan bac bao ve lqi ich quyen lqi ^Tda bo hd sd phai gui cho Tda trudc thu tuc viet ket thuc Sau thu tuc viet ket thuc, cac tai lieu chung cu bd sung chi duqc su dung hop phap cd su cho phep ddng y cua phia ben tranh chip Trong trudng hop dac biet, neu xet thay viec bd sung tre hd sa la hoan toan kliach quan, tham phan Tda se can nhac quyet dinh chap nhan viec bd sung ca thu t\ic viet da cham dirt i *Thu tuc ndi: 95 Toa se md phi en toa cong khai (co tham khao y kien cua cac ben tranh chap Ian lich lam viec cua Toa de chon thai diem thich hap) vdi sir co mat cua ben tranh chap Neu tranh chap co dan loai thi don chung se glii ro ben nao co quyen trinh bay trade Neu khong Toa se quyet dinh Thanh phan cua phai doan tham dir phien toa cac ben khong hi ban ch khong bi han che Viec phat bieu trade Toa eua ngudi dai dien cac ben tranh chap phai bang tieng Anh hoac tieng Phap Trong tradng hop dac bidt thi co the noi bang tieng me de nhung phai viet phan trinh bay va dich sang tieng Anh hay tieng Phap roi giri cho Toa trade Cac phat bieu se dirge ghi chep Ian ghi am de thuc Men doi chieu dam bao tinli hop le cua Men ban phien Toa Cac ben co quyen dira nhan chung Viec hoi dugc tien hanh theo thu tu sau: ben dua nhan chung hoi Idn dau sau ben tranli chap moi hoi roi ben dua nhan chung hoi Ian 2, cuoi cung thdm phan hoi Ve nguyen tac, Toa cung co quyen dua nhan chung nhung tren thuc te thi trudng hop chua xay Klii dai dien cac ben trinh bay torn tat lai quan diem cua minh thi Toa se cham dut thu tuc noi Toa co quyen yeu cau cac ben trinh bay cac van de gay tranh cai *Qua trinh nghi an: Qua trinh se keo dai khoang den Man Chanh an de nghi cac tham phan trinh bay cac lap Man cua minh Tham phan co it tuoi han, it tham Men han se trinh bay truac Chanh an trinh bay cuoi cimg Cac tham phan bau uy ban viet an gom co nguoi (2 ngudi thugc phe da so cd so phieu cao nhat + chanh an giu chuc trudng ban) Neu chanh an thuoc phe thieu so thi se khong dugc chgn va chanh an se thay thay the Neu ca Chanh an va chanh thugc phe thieu so thi se chgn ngudi thu thugc phe da so co so phieu cao tiep theo Thai gian viet an keo dai den den thang Trieu tap hop du thao phan quyet Ian Chuan bi du thao Ian thu 2, sau da tiep thu y kien Hop su thao phan quyet Ian thu V thudng sira chua phien hop roi tien hanh thii Me thong qua bang bieu quyet da so Neu so phieu thuan bang so phieu thi ben nao co Chanh an se dat *Tuyen an: Chanh an quyet dinli tuyen an V Ban an dugc tuyen tai cung dien Hoa Binh Lahaye, bang ngon ngu Anh va Phap vdi su co mat ciia cac ben tranh chap, Tham phan tham gia bo phieu Phan quyet se eo chu ky cua Chanh Toa va Thu ky, dugc luu ban: Mdi ben tranli chap ban, Toa gitt ban Thu ky Toa sau se giri ban den Tong thu ky Lien Hgp Quoc V Sau nhan se trao cho thu ky copy va gui den cac quoc gia vien de cung dugc Met Ban an cua Toa co gia tri chung tham, khong co khang nghi khang cao Thong thudng ban an cua Toa khong co gia tri doi vdi ben thu 3, tru ben thu la ben can du va co loi ich bi anh hudng bdi phan quyet hay phan quyet giai thich cac di^u Mat qu6c tS co lien quan den nhieu quoc gia Phan quyet cua Toa khong dugc xem la nguon cua Luat quoc te My nhien neu cac phan quyet dugc cac ben tranh chap rat hai long, du Man ca nggi thi doi co the trd ca sd tao nguon Mat cMnh cua Luat quoc te Phan quyet cua Toa khong dugc xem la an le de lam ca sd giai quy^t cac tranh chap tuomg tvr khac, chi co gia tri cho trudng hop da xir cho cac ben tranh chap cu the V Do phan quyet ciia Toa khong dua tren su thoa thuan ma Luat quoc te lai dua tren nguyen tac thoa thuan 96 Neu co thoa thuan neu co phat sinh nliu cau giai thich noi dung phan quyet, cliinh Toa (Toa ong ly Lien Hop Quoc) se co quyefTgiai thich ban an ciwtninh qua trinh thi hanh ban an Toa chi quyen sira doi bqn an cua Toa vai dieu kien la co phat Men tinh tiet moi ma tinh tiet co the lam thya doi quan dien nhan thirc ban dau cua Toa Tuy nhien, tinh tiet moi phai duqc chtmg minh rang dupe dua ra.thong qua thang ke tir phat Men tinh tiet mdi va khong qua 10 nam ke tu Toa en an cong khai Day khong phai la cap xet xtr thu day chi la vice xem lai ban an, khong co co quan nao tren Toa an thuc Men xet xir Toa co the xem xet lai phan quyet cua Toa trpng tai quoc te theo yeu cau cua cac ben tranh chap V nhung day cung kliong phai la viec xet phuc tham 97 ... Tra 161: Sai Vi hanh vi the hien chii quyen quoc gia, xuat phat tir y chi va sir tu nguyen cua cac chu the Luat quoc te Cau 23: Moi dieu iro'c quoc te co hieu lux sau phe chuan Tra 161: Sai Vi... dudng giap canh ma qudc gia lien quan thda thuan - quy dinh Tra Idi: Sai Vi no chi dung trudng hop: hai quoc gia nam lien ke No sai trudng hop hai qudc gia nam ddi dien va khong nam lien ke qudc... eanh ma cac qudc gia lien quan thda thuan, lira chon Tra Idi: Sai Vi no chi dung trudng hop qudc gia nam lien ke hoac doi dien Va sai trudng hop quoc gia khong nam lien ke hoyc doi dien vdi quoc