chuyên đề viết về mệnh đề quan hệ

GV: Trần Thị Bích - Trường THCS Nguyễn Trãi Chuyên đề viết: Mệnh đề quan hệ PHẦN THỨ NHẤT ĐẶT VẤN ĐỀ I Lý chọn chuyên đề: Như biết Tiếng anh ngôn ngữ vô quan trọng sống xã hội đại ngày Chính việc dạy kiến thức tiếng Anh sách giáo khoa kiến thức nâng cao cho em đặc biệt đối tượng học sinh giỏi cần thiết Để đáp ứng nhu cầu thực tế giáo viên cần phải tìm cho phương pháp tối ưu, phù hợp với tình hình thực tế để đào tạo hệ học sinh giỏi, đạt thành tích cao kì thi.Để bồi dưỡng học sinh có lực thực người giáo viên phải thực nhiệt huyết, tìm tòi kiến thức đa dạng loại tập để học sinh tham khảo.Trong chuyên đề chọn viết mệnh đề quan hệ Kiến thức học để biết khơng khó sâu vào nghiên cứu khơng đơn giản đơi học sinh dễ bị nhầm lẫn việc lựa chọn đại từ quan hệ Để làm tốt dạng mệnh đề quan hệ em cần phải nắm phần lý thuyết dạng tập mệnh đề quan hệ Chính tơi chọn chun đề viết “mệnh đề quan hệ” để đưa phần lý thuyết dạng tập để giáo viên tham khảo xây dựng cho chuyên đề thật hoàn thiện hiệu Và chuyên đề dự kiến dạy khoảng tiết II Mục đích chuyên đề: Khi viết chuyên đề hi vọng học sinh nắm kiến thức mệnh đề quan hệ, có gặp dạng tập em làm tốt, mong góp thêm vài kinh nghiệm mệnh đề quan hệ cho đồng nghiệp tham khảo, đánh giá rút kinh nghiệm để chuyên đề thực tài liệu hữu ích việc bồi dưỡng học sinh giỏi Phần kiến thức “mệnh đề quan hệ” dành cho học sinh lớp 9, với đối tượng học sinh giỏi IV Cơ sở nghiên cứu: Tôi viết chuyên đề dựa vào cở sở sau: - Dựa vào thực tế giảng dạy - Dựa vào số tài liệu tham khảo mệnh đề quan hệ - Dựa số ý kiến đóng góp đồng nghiệp PHẦN THỨ HAI PHẦN NỘI DUNG I LÝ THUYẾT: * Thế mệnh đề quan hệ? Có loại mệnh đề quan hệ (MĐQH)? Đại từ quan hệ(ĐTQH) gì? Có đại từ quan hệ nào? 1.1 Mệnh đề quan hệ(MĐQH): Còn gọi mệnh đề tính ngữ dùng để giải thích rõ danh từ hay đại từ người hay vật đứng trước MĐQH thường bắt đầu đại từ quan hệ(ĐTQH)+1 mệnh đề trần thuật nằm phận câu Xét ví dụ sau: GV: Trần Thị Bích - Trường THCS Nguyễn Trãi -The woman (who I wanted to see) was away Chuyên đề viết: Mệnh đề quan hệ -The man( who is standing over there) is my friend Trong câu phần viết chữ nghiêng gọi MĐQH(relative clause), đứng sau the man, the boy dùng để xác định danh từ the man, the boy Nếu bỏ mệnh đề có câu hoàn chỉnh: -The man is my friend -The woman was away Nhưng câu không cho biết cụ thể the man the woman Xét câu có mệnh đề quan hệ: -The man who is standing over there is my friend (Người đàn ông mà đứng đằng bạn tôi.) Mệnh đề liên hệ xác định cụ thể the man nào,(the man who is standing over there) 1.2 Có loại mệnh đề quan hệ: Defining relative clause (xác định): Đưa chi tiết vào để nói rõ là Xét lại tất ví dụ ta thấy MĐQH ln nói cho biết cụ thể người hay vật ta nói tới Trong câu bỏ MĐQH ta xác định nói đến đối tượng -The woman (who I wanted to see) was away -The man( who is standing over there) is my friend Non- defining relative clause (không xác định): MĐQH làm công việc bổ sung thêm thông tin đối tượng mà thơi Các mệnh đề liên hệ gọi Extra Information Clauses tức mệnh đề bổ sung thêm thơng tin(nếu khơng có mệnh đề ta biêt là gì): Xét ví dụ sau: -Tom's father is a doctor He is 78 Tom's father, who is 78, is a doctor -Viet Nam is in south-east Asia It exports rice Viet Nam, which is in south-east Asia, exports rice -Kangaroos come from Astralia They have long tails  Kangaroos, which come from Astralia, have long tails GV: Trần Thị Bích - Trường THCS Nguyễn Trãi Chuyên đề viết: Mệnh đề quan hệ Trong câu bỏ MĐQH ta xác định cụ thể đối tượng nói tới đối tượng  Tom's father is a doctor Viet Nam exports rice Kangaroos have long tails *Cách nhận biết MĐQH không xác định: + Khi danh từ đại từ thay tên riêng, danh từ riêng Ex: - Ha Noi, which is the capital of Viet Nam, is a very beautiful city + Có this, that,these,those đứng trước danh từ thay Ex:- This book, which is written in French, is my brother + Có sở hữu đứng trước danh từ thay Ex:- This is my mother, who is a cook + Là vật nhất: Ex:- The moon, which is a planet, moves round the earth CHÚ Ý: Đối với mệnh đề quan hệ kiểu ta phải dùng Who cho người Which cho vật.Không dùng that thay cho Who Which Khi viết phải đặt dấu phẩy (comma) hai đầu mệnh đề, mệnh đề quan hệ Nếu mệnh đề quan hệ cuối dùng dấu phẩy đặt đầu mệnh đề , cuối mệnh đề dùng dấu chấm Ex: -My mother, who is a cook, cooks very well -Yesterday I met John, who told me he was getting maried -My brother, who is an engineer, never smokes Dĩ nhiên với mệnh đề cần thiết ta dùng Whose, Whom, -John, whose mother is a teacher, speaks English very well -I love Vietnam, where I was born and live -Mary's sister, whom you met yesterday, is here 2: Đại từ quan hệ: Là từ có hình thức từ để hỏi “WH”, không dùng để hỏi mà dùng để thay danh từ người vật nhắc đén lần câu 2.1: Đại từ quan hệ chủ ngữ: GV: Trần Thị Bích - Trường THCS Nguyễn Trãi Chuyên đề viết: Mệnh đề quan hệ *Who, that ( mà , người mà) dùng để thay cho danh từ hay đại từ người làm chủ ngữ.Ta bỏ câu EX: -We know a lot of people.They live in HCM city We know a lot of people who/that live in HCM city -I wanted to see a woman.the woman was away The woman who/that I wanted to see was away -An architect is someone He designs buildings An architect is someone who/that designs buildings *Which, that:(mà, mà) dùng để thay cho danh từ hay đại từ vật làm chủ ngữ.Ta bỏ câu Ex:-I don’t like stories.They have unhappy endings I don’t like stories which/that have unhappy endings - I have a doll It has long dark hair I have a doll which/that has long dark hair “THAT” không dùng MĐQH không xác định, ta phải thay which Ex: -The train, which was already an hour late, broke down again “THAT” không theo sau giới từ Ex:- It was a service for which I will be eternally grateful 2.2: Đại từ quan hệ tân ngữ: *Whom/ that: ( mà, người mà): dùng để thay cho danh từ hay đại từ người làm tân ngữ.Ta bỏ câu: EX:- He is the man I met him yesterday He is the man (whom/that) I met yesterday -She is the girl My brother loves her very much  She is the girl (whom/that) my brother loves very much *Which/ that: (mà, mà): dùng để thay cho danh từ hay đại từ vật làm tân ngữ.Ta bỏ câu: -I have lost the book I bought it yesterday GV: Trần Thị Bích - Trường THCS Nguyễn Trãi  I have lost the book which/that I bought yesterday Chuyên đề viết: Mệnh đề quan hệ -That’s the photo I took it last week  That’s the photo (which/that) I took last week 2.3:Đại từ quan hệ với giới từ Khi đại từ quan hệ thay cho tân ngữ trước tân ngữ giới từ, ta cần lưu ý trường hợp sau: + Giữ nguyên vị trí giới từ câu: Ex: -The girl is my friend You're talking to her  The girl who you are talking to is my friend -The bed wasn’t very comfortable I slept in it last night  The bed which/that I slept in last night wasn’t very comfortable -You are talking about a woman.The woman is my mother The woman who you are talking about is my mother Như giới từ theo sau động từ mà bổ nghĩa + Đảo giới từ lên trước ĐTQH( ta phải dùng whom cho người which cho vật) The girl to whom you are talking is my friend The bed in which I slept wasn’t very comfortable The woman to whom you’re talking about is my mother Như giới từ đảo lên trước ĐTQH 2.4: 1số ĐTQH khác What: Chúng ta dùng What muốn nói với nghĩa điều mà (the thing(s) that=What) Ex:- He said a thing I don’t understand it  He said a thing what I don’t understand Whose/of which: Khi muốn nói đến sở hữu (của người ) ta dùng whose(=of whom), Khi muốn nói đến sở hữu(của vật ) ta dùng of which, whose đươc dùng nói đến sở hữu vật.Whose đứng trước danh từ, of which đưng sau,hoặc trước danh từ GV: Trần Thị Bích - Trường THCS Nguyễn Trãi -I have a friend His father is a doctor Chuyên đề viết: Mệnh đề quan hệ  I have a friend whose father is a doctor -The other day I met Mary Her brother is my friend The other day I met Mary whose brother is my friend -This is the book Its cover is nice This is the book whose cover is nice This is the book the cover of which is nice -The house is mine.The windows of the house aare broken  The house of which the windows are broken is mine Where Chúng ta dùng where muốn nói đến nơi chốn như: place, house, street,town, country, hotel…… Thay giới từ địa điểm +which=where -We stayed at a hotel The hotel wasn’t very clean  The hotel which we stayed at wasn’t clean  The hotel at which we stayed wasn’t clean The hotel where we stayed wasn’t very clean - We live in a flat This is the flat This is the flat which we live in This is the flat in which we live This is the flat where we live When: Chúng ta dùng when relative clause nói đến thời gian như: day, year time, moment…………… -Do you still remember the day (when) we first met? -The last time (when) I saw her, she looked very well -I haven’t seen him since the year (when) he got married GV: Trần Thị Bích - Trường THCS Nguyễn Trãi Chuyên đề viết: Mệnh đề quan hệ -There is hardly a moment when I don’t think of you, Shophia Why: Chúng ta dung why muốn đưa câu trả lời cho nguyên nhân đó, why đưng sau reason -The reason why I can’t go is that I don’t have time 3.Trường hợp phải dùng ĐTQH “THAT” 3.1/Sau từ vừa người vừa vật Ex:- The people and cattles that went to market raised a cloud of dust 3.2/Sau tính từ so sánh sau số thứ tự như: first, second, next, last………… Ex: - Paris is the finest city that he has ever seen *William Pitt was the youngest person that became prime minister *Mr Brown was the last man that left the building * The first Bristish monarch that was filmed was Queen Victoria Chú ý: Đối với ví dụ(*), ĐTQH thay giữ chức làm chủ ngữ ta có thêm cách làm sau: Ta sử dụng to-Vinfi sau số thứ tự ,( fist, second,next,last ……… ),sau only sau so sánh  Wlliam Pitt was the youngest person to become prime minister  Mr Brown was the last one to leave the building  The first Bristish monarch to be filmed was Queen Victoria 3.3/Sau từ: All,every,any,no,little,few,only,some,each,both… Ex: Answer all the questions that I asked -I bought the only English book that they had - Everything that I told you was true - There is something that must be done 3.4/ Sau it is/it was Ex: - It was he that killed the lion - It is my father that made the table Bỏ qua ĐTQH: 4.1 Khi thay cho tân ngữ (trừ nằm MĐQH khơng xác định giới từ đảo lên trước) GV: Trần Thị Bích - Trường THCS Nguyễn Trãi Ex :-You spoke to a man.This is the man Chuyên đề viết: Mệnh đề quan hệ This is the man (who) you spoke to This is the man to whom you spoke -This room is nice.We bought it last year  this room,(which) we bought last year,is nice 4.2 Khi ĐTQH thay cho chủ ngữ bỏ qua who+be dạng Ving câu chủ dộng,which+be dạng ved/vpII câu bị động giữ lại cụm giới từ EX: -A man is standing there.I don’t know the man I don’t know the man(who is) standing there -The girl is running down the street She might be in trouble  The girl (who is) running down the street might be in trouble -A credit card is accepted all over the country.This is the creditcard This is the credit card(which is)aceppted all over the country -A book is on the table.The book is Nancy’s The book(which is) on the table is Nancy’s 5.1 số lưu ý khác -Khi bình luận cho câu ta dùng ĐTQH “which” MĐQH ngăn cách với câu dấu phẩy Ex:- Jim passed his test This surprised everyone Jim passed his test, which surprised everyone -There was nobody left on the train This made me suspicious  There was nobody left on the train, which made me suspicious - Các cụm từ với which at which time/point, in which case,by which time, in which event sử dụng Ex:- I watched the play until the end of the first act, at which point I felt I had seen enough -A warning sign “Overheat” may come on, in which case turn off the appliance at once -Khi ĐTQH thay cho trường hợp đứng sau: all of,most of,some of,one of,both of………………ta phải dùng whom cho người va which cho vật GV: Trần Thị Bích - Trường THCS Nguyễn Trãi Ex: Mrs Brown has three brothers All of them are married Chuyên đề viết: Mệnh đề quan hệ  Mrs Brown has three brothers, all of whom are married -whoever, whatever whichever(bất kì ai,bất kì gì) Ex: whoever told you you were clever was kidding you (= The peon who told you you were clever.- no matter who it is) I’ll spend my money on whatever I like (=The thing that I like- no matter what it is) Whichever date we choose will be inconvenient for some of us (=The date that we choose- no matter which it is) II.BÀI TẬP Dang 1: join two sentences using relative pronouns The doctor is with a patient The patient’s leg was broken in an accident …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… I found this book last week The book contains some useful information ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Mr Bryan’s team has lost the game He looks very sad ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… She is the woman I wrote to her ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… He is the man The novel was written by him ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 6.Those man saved my life They pulled me from the burning car …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Charlie Chaplin died in 1977.His film amused millions ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… … Rod Lee, the actor, has just won an Oscar I know her sister ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… He sat on the table One leg of the table was nearly broken …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 10 Hoan Kiem lake is a historical place Its water is always blue ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 11 I gave you some money Where is it? ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 12 He can change the situation He always likes to something new ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 13 Ann has a lot of books She hasn’t read most of them ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 14 We went for a very long walk It was very boring ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 15 The people were very nice We met them on the train to HCM city …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Dạng2: Choose the most suitable answer She gives her children everything………………… they want A that B who C whom Tell me……………….you want and I will try to help you D what GV: Trần Thị Bích - Trường THCS Nguyễn Trãi Chuyên đề viết: Mệnh đề quan hệ A that B what C who D which Why you always disagree with everything…………….i say? A who B which C when D what I don’t agree with …………………you have just said A what B who C when D which The factory…………… John works in is the biggest in town A when B where C which D how What was the name of the restaurant……………… we have dinner in? A where B what C when D which This is a photograph of our friends with………………we went on holiday A Who B whose C whom D which Do you remember the day ………………………we first met A who B that C where D when Her sons both of……………………work abroad, ring her up every week A who B whose C whom D which 10 The museum…………………we wanted to visit, was shut when we got there A when B what C which D where 11 The new stadium, ……………….holds 90.000 people, will be opened next month A who B where C which D when 12 Norman won $ 20.000, half of……………… he gave his parents A which B who C whom D what 13 The ladder on……………………I was standing began to slip A whom B that C which D who 14 The year……………………….he was born was 1975 A which B on which C at which D in which 15 Long is the boy……………….I think scored the winning points for the police team A Who B whom C which D what Dạng 3: Rewrite each sentence so that it contains the words in capitals and so that the meaning stays the same: I like Brenda, she’s my kind of person (THAT) ……………………………………………………………………………… The whole summer was sunny and warm, for a change (WHICH) ………………………………………………………………………… Jean was the first person I asked for advice (WHOSE) ………………………………………………………………………… Not a single house in the street had escaped undamaged (WHICH) ……………………………………………………………………………… I don’t really approve of his proposal (WHAT) ………………………………………………………………………………… I have read all of her book but one (WHICH) ……………………………………………………………………………… The finder of treasure is entitled to part of its value (WHOEVER) ……………………………………………………………………………… The dog that chases our cat belongs to those people (WHOSE) ……………………………………………………………………………… I can’t remember the last heavy rain (WHEN IT) 10 GV: Trần Thị Bích - Trường THCS Nguyễn Trãi Chuyên đề viết: Mệnh đề quan hệ …………………………………………………………………………… 10 Do you get on with your next door neighbor? (WHO) …………………………………………………………………………… 11 The police have no idea as to the whereabouts of the jewels (WHERE) ……………………………………………………………………… 12 The most important things is not to panic (WHAT) ………………………………………………………………………… 13 I miss Jack more than anyone (THAT) …………………………………………………………………………… 14 I was not familiar with that kind of computer (WHICH) ……………………………………………………………………………… 15 I ,don’t need anything else (GOT) ……………………………………………………………………………… Dạng 4: Rewrite each sentences, starting as shown, so that the meaning stays the same Omit any unnecessary relative pronouns we were in a position which gave us no room for manoeuvre The position……………………………………………………………………… I waited for him until 6.30 and then gave up I waited for him until 6.30, at……………………………………………………… We suggested a lot of things, which were all rejected  Everything………………………………………………………………………… Jim used to be married with that girl  That’s the girl….…………………………………………………………………… If someone understand this book, they are clever than I am  Anyone…………………………………………………………………………… A bumpy road led to the hotel  The road which…………………………………………………………………… Most people are in bed at that time  It’s a time………………………………………………………………………… I won’t tell you this again  This………………………………………………………………………………… Pauline asked me a question I had no reply to it  Pauline asked me………………………………………………………………… 10 He rushed out of the room He was shouting at the top of his voice This was typical  Shouting …………………………………………………………………………… 11 Some people wanted travel schorlarships The end of the week was the deadline By then everyone had applied  By the end of the week,…………………………………………………………………… 12 Carol slammed the door behind her Her father had given her a car as a present.She drove off in it  Slamming……………………………………………………………………………………… 13 At the end of the street was a building The street was crowded with shoppers Tom had not noticed the building before  At the end of the street…………………………………………………………………… 14 Some people have just moved in next door They have the same surname as some other people Those other people have just moved out 11 GV: Trần Thị Bích - Trường THCS Nguyễn Trãi Chuyên đề viết: Mệnh đề quan hệ  The people who have just moved in next door………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 15 We eventually caught a train It was one that stops at every station  The train………………………………………………………………………………………… 16 I listened to George patiently until he started insulting me At that point, I told him a few home truths He didn’t lke it  I listened to George patiently until he started insulting me,………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… KEYS Dang 1: 10 11 12 13 14 15 The doctor is with a patient whose leg was broken in the accident The book that I found last week contains some useful information Mr Bryan, whose team has lost the game, looks very sad She is the woman to whom I wrote He is the man by whom the novel was written Those man, who pulled me from the burning car, saved my life Charlie Chapline, whose film amused millions, died in 1977 Rodlee, the actor, whose sister I know, has just won an oscar He sat on the table one leg of which was nearly broken Hoan Kiem lake, the water of which is always blue, is a historical place Where is some money that I gave you He who likes to something new can change the situation Ann has a lot of books, most of which she hasn’t read We went for a very long walk, which was very boring The people who we met on the train to HCM city were very nice Dang 2: 1.A 7.C 14.D 2.B 8.D 15.A 3.B 9.C 4.A 10.D 5.C 11.C DANG 3: Brenda is the kind of person that I like The whole summer was sunny and warm, which was a change Jean was the first person whose advice I asked for There was not a single house in the street which had escaped undamaged I don’t really approve what he is proposing There is only one of her book which I have not read Whoever finds the treasure is entitled to part of its value Those are people whose dog chases our cat I can’t remember when it last rained heavily 10 Do you get on with your neighbor who lives next door? 11 The police have no idea where the jewels are 12 What you mustn’t is panic 13 Jack is the one that I miss most 14 That was a kind of computer with which I was not familiar 15 I have got everything (that) I need Dạng 4: 1………which we were in gave us no room for 2………which point I gave up 12 6.D 12.A GV: Trần Thị Bích - Trường THCS Nguyễn Trãi Chuyên đề viết: Mệnh đề quan hệ 3………we suggested was rejected 4………Jim used to be married to 5………who understands this book are clever than I am 6…… led to the hotel was bumpy …… when people are in bed 8……….ís the last time I will tell you …… to which I had no reply 10…… he rushed out of the room, which was typical 11…….which was the deadline, everyone who wanted travel scholarship had replied 12……her, Carol drove off in the car which her father had given her as a present 13… which was crowded with shoppers, there was a building Tom had not noticed before 14… have the same surname as the people who have just moved out 15… we eventually caught was one that stops at every station 16… at which point I told him a few home truths he didn’t like PHẦN THỨ BA KẾT LUẬN Đây năm tham gia công tác bồi dưỡng đội tuyển lớp thấy phần kiến thức “MĐQH” quan trọng hay gặp đề thi học sinh giỏi Tôi tham khảo qua tài liệu, học hỏi số đồng nghiệp, sưu tầm nhiều tài liệu dạng tập “MĐQH” để truyền đạt cho em, ngồi tơi sưu tầm số đề học sinh giỏi có phần tập mệnh đề quan hệ để em làm thử biết cách phân biệt dùng ĐTQH Trên số kinh nghiệm nhỏ kiến thức “mệnh đề quan hệ”.Tuy nhiên chưa có nhiều năm kinh nghiệm dạy đội tuyển lớp nên nghĩ viết chưa thưc thuyết phục nhiều hạn chế.Vì vậy, tơi mong nhận tham gia góp ý thầy cơ, đồng nghiệp để bàiiết tơi hồn thiện hơn, có hiệu trình giảng dạy Xin chân thành cảm ơn! Tam Đảo, ngày tháng năm 2012 NGƯỜI VIẾT TRẦN THỊ BÍCH PHẦN THỨ TƯ TÀI LIỆU THAM KHẢO Sách giáo khoa Tiếng anh Sách tập bổ trợ nâng cao tiếng anh 13 GV: Trần Thị Bích - Trường THCS Nguyễn Trãi Oxford guide to English grammar Advanced language practice Giới thiệu đề thi tuyển sịnh Ôn luyện tiếng anh 14 Chuyên đề viết: Mệnh đề quan hệ ... với mệnh đề quan hệ kiểu ta phải dùng Who cho người Which cho vật.Không dùng that thay cho Who Which Khi viết phải đặt dấu phẩy (comma) hai đầu mệnh đề, mệnh đề quan hệ Nếu mệnh đề quan hệ cuối... bought yesterday Chuyên đề viết: Mệnh đề quan hệ -That’s the photo I took it last week  That’s the photo (which/that) I took last week 2.3:Đại từ quan hệ với giới từ Khi đại từ quan hệ thay cho tân... phần tập mệnh đề quan hệ để em làm thử biết cách phân biệt dùng ĐTQH Trên số kinh nghiệm nhỏ kiến thức mệnh đề quan hệ .Tuy nhiên chưa có nhiều năm kinh nghiệm dạy đội tuyển lớp nên nghĩ viết chưa