THÔNG TIN TÀI LIỆU
H 0ID 6N G TRUNG UONG CHI DAO Bl£N SOAN GlAO TRINH QU^C GIA CAC BO MON KHOA HOC MAC - LfiNIN, TU TUONG G I A O T R I N h6 CHI MINH H KINH TE HOC CHI'NH TRI MAC - LENIN ( Tai ban co sila chfla, b6 sung) NHA X U A T B A N CHINH T R I Q U C G IA Ha NOi - 2011 HOI DONG TRUNG UONG CHI DAO • BIEN SOAN • GlAo TRiNH QUOC GIA CAC BO MON KHOA HOC MAC - LENIN, TU Tl/ONG HO CHI MINH Dong chi Dao Duy Tung Uy vien Bo Chinh tri, Bi thu Trung Udng Dang, Chu tich: Dong chi Nguyen Dufc Binh Giao sU, Uy vien Bo Chinh tri Bf thu Trung Udng Dang, phu trach khoi Tu tUdng - Van hoa va Khoa giao, Pho Chu tich: Dong chi Nguyen Dinh Tit Giao sU, Pho Tien si, Bi thu Trung Udng Dang TrUdng ban Khoa giao Trung Udng Pho Chu tich: Dong chi Nguyen Khanh, Uv vien Trung Udng Dang Pho Chu tich Hoi dong Bo trUdng Pho Chu tich: Dong chi Nguyen Duy Quy Giao sU Tien si, Uy vien Trung Udng Dang, Vien trUdng Vien Khoa hoc xa hoi Viet Nam, Tong thu* ky; Dong chi Dang Xuan Ky, Giao sU Uy vien Trung Udng '* N •> o > Dang, Vien trU dng Vien Mac - Lenin U y vien: Dong chi Tran Chi Dao Pho Giao sU, Pho Tien si, Thuf trUdng Bo Giao due va Dao tao, Uv vien; Dong chi Tran Ngoc Hien Giao sU Pho Tien si, Pho Giam x y s ’* doc Hoc vien Nguyen Ai Quoc, Uy vien; Dong chi Tran Xuan Trtfcfng Giao sU, Giam doc Hoc vien •> Chinh tri - Quan sU Uy vien; 10 Dong chi Dtfcfng Phu Hiep, Pho Giao sU Pho Tien sL Vien Khoa hoc xa hoi Viet Nam, Uy vien: 11 Dong chi Ha Hoc Hc?i; Pho Giao sU, Pho trUdng ban Tu tUdng - Van hoa Trung Udng, Uy vien; 12 Dong chi Nguyen Van Phung, Giao sU, Uv vien; 13 Dong chi Do Nguyen Phtftfng, Pho Giao sU, Pho Tien sL Pho Giam doc Hoc vien Nguyen Ai Quoc, Uy vien (Theo Quyet dinh so 255-CT 13-7-1992 cua Chu tich Hoi dong Bo trtfdng) I BAN BIEN SOAN GS.TS Tran Ngoc Hien GS Tr&n Xuan TrUdng GS.TS Do The Tung PGS Vu Htiu Ngoan PGS Hong Giao CN Khong Doan Hdi GS Dao Nguyen Cat PGS.TS Phan Thanh Pho PGS.TS Nguyln Van Thao 10 PGS.TS Nguyen Van Ky 11 PGS Dao Xuan Sam II CONG TAC VIEN GS.TS Chu Van Cap TS Nguyen Khac Thanh TS Nguyen Tien Hoang TS Hoang Xuan Long TS Vuong Cudng GS.TS Hoang Ngoc Hoa TS Nguyen Ngoc Hoi PGS.TS Nguyen Dinh Khang PGS.TS Vu Quang Loc 10 PGS.TS Nguyen Kh&c Than 11 PGS.TS Tran Van Ngoc TrUdng ban Pho ban Uy vien Uy vien Uy vien o Uy vien Uy vien Uy vien Uy vien ■> Uy vien ■? Uy vien Ldl NHA XUAT BAN Dai hoi dai bieu toan quoc lan thii VII va lan thuf VIII cua Dang ta da kh&ng dinh: kien tri chu nghia Mac - Lenin la van de co tinh nguyen tkc so" mot doi v6i Dang va cach mang nU6c ta Dang ta vach ro r&ng, thdi dai nay, trung vdi chu nghia Mac - Lenin co nghia la n&m vting ban chat cach mang va khoa hoc cua chu nghia Mac - Lenin va van dung hoc thuyet mot cach dung diin, sat hdp v6i dieu kien cu the cua nude ta, gop phan phat trien sang tao chu nghia Mac - Lenin hoan canh cach mang m6i cua ntfdc ta Nhufng thach thtic cung nh\i van hoi m6i cua thdi dai cung v6i s\i phat trien manh me ve moi mat cua cong cuoc doi m6i dat nU6c dang dat hang loat van de b\ic xuc, doi hoi phai lam sang to ve mat ly luan de bao ve va phat trien ban chat cach mang va khoa hoc cua chu nghia Mac.- Lenin V6i tinh than do, Dang va Nha nut6c ta xac dinh yeu cau cap bach phai doi m6i noi dung va phifdng phap giang day cac bo mon khoa hoc ly luan Mac - Lenin, tien hanh bien soan giao trinh m6i ve cac bo mon khoa hoc Mac - Lenin va tuf ti/dng Ho Chi Minh de co tai lieu hoc tap va giang day thong nhat toan Dang va ca nuf6c Ngay 13-7-1992, Chinh phu da quyet dinh lap Hoi dong Trung tfdng chi dao bien soan giao trinh quoc gia cac bo mon khoa hoc Mac Lenin, tii tvfcfng Ho Chi Minh Sau mot thdi gian chuan bi, nghien ciiu va bien soan nghiem tuc, nam 1999 Hoi dong Trung Udng chi dao bien soan giao trinh quoc gia cac bo mon khoa hoc Mac - Lenin, tu tUdng Ho Chi Minh phoi hdp vcii Nha xuat ban Chinh tri quoc gia - Su that cho xuat ban \kn dau mot so giao trinh cac bo mon da bien soan xong Giao trinh dUdc tap the tac gia gom cac giao su dau nganh bien soan, GS.TS Tran Ngoc Hien va GS Tran Xuan TrUdng chu bien Kinh te chinh tri Mac - Lenin la mot bo phan cau cua khoa hoc Mac - Lenin No nghien ciiu cac quan he xa hoi cua ngUdi qua trinh san xuat, trao doi, tieu dung cua cai vat chat qua cac giai doan phat trien cua lich sU xa hoi loai ngUdi, lam ro ban chat cua cac qua trinh va cac hien tUdng kinh te, tim cac quy luat van dong cua nen kinh te - xa hoi Giao trinh Kinh te hoc ♦ chinh tri• Mac - Lenin dUdc b ie n soan lan gom ba phan: Phan md dau; Phan thit nhat: PhUdng thtic san xuat tu ban chu nghia; Phan thti hai: Nhung van de ly luan va chinh sach kinh te cua thdi ky qua len chu nghia xa hoi d Viet Nam Giao trinh dong vai tro la mot cai khung dinh hu6ng ve nhQng quan diem cd ban cho viec giang day va hoc tap kinh te hoc chinh tri Mac - Lenin dieu kien phat trien kinh te - xa hoi cua the gi6i va cua nude ta hien D ay la cuon Giao trinh Kinh te hoc chinh tri Mac - Lenin dUdc b ien soan tro n g dieu k ie n sU p h a t tr ie n k in h te * x a hoi d nUdc ta va to a n th e gidi d ang d iin g trUdc n h ie u b ien doi mdi m e, phong phu va da d an g ; sau m ot thd i g ian sii d ung n h ieu v an de ca n tiep tu c sUa chO a, bo su n g va b ien so an lai R a t m ong b an doc dong gop y k ien x ay dung de cuon giao trin h n gay ca n g dUdc h oan th ien , dap ting long m ong moi cu a b a n doc Thang nam 2011 NHA XUAT BAN CHINH TRI QUOC GIA - SU THAT L d l G ldl THIEU Tit dau nhling nam 1990 den nay, viec day va hoc bo mon kinh te hoc chinh tri Mac - Lenin he thong cac trUdng dai hoc, cac trifdng dang va doan the cf nU6c ta gap kho khan Sau Lien Xo sup va he thong xa hoi chu nghia tan ra, mot thiic te la kho co the dua vao cac giao trinh kinh te chinh tri dUdc bien soan trif 6c day, ve cd ban phong theo cuon giao khoa kinh t& chinh tri cua Vien han lam khoa hoc Lien Xo, nhat la phan xa hoi chu nghia Trong boi canh do, hau nhu tat ca cac giang vien mon kinh te hoc chinh tri phai soan thao cac de cUdng bai giang theo nhan thiic cua minh ma khong co mot giao trinh chinh thiic lam cho diJa dang tin cay Tinh hinh anh hudng tieu cUc 16n den viec day va hoc kinh te hoc chinh tri Mac - Lenin, doi hoi cap bach phai % bien soan mot giao trinh chinh thiic mdi thay the cho cac giao trinh cu Tvi cuoi nam 1992, theo quyet dinh cua Hoi dong T rung ifotng chi dao bien soan giao trin h quoc gia ca c bo mon khoa hoc M ac - Lenin, ttf tifofng Ho Chi Minh, mot ban bien soan Giao trinh Kinh te hoc chinh tri Mac - Lenin dUdc lap, den bo giao trinh mdi da dUdc bien soan xong va mat ban doc Thdi gian bien soan bo giao trinh nhu vay la hdi dai, dang ly no phai ddi sdm hdn Sil cham tre co nhiing nguyen nhan thuoc ve chu quan nhiing ngiidi lam giao trinh nhiing ban doc cung thong cam cho nhiing kho khan cua ho Thong thUdng, viet giao trinh la lam cong viec bien soan, chuyen tai nhiing kien thiic khoa hoc ve cd ban da hinh on dinh sang ngon ngii sil pham Song, viec bien soan Giao trinh K in h te hoc ch in h tri M ac - L enin nhiing nam qua dien mot boi canh nhu da noi la khong binh thUdng Trong qua trinh doi mdi til ly luan ve chu nghia xa hoi va dildng di len chu nghia xa hoi, nhieu dinh de, nguyen ly kinh te chinh tri Mac Lenin tildng nhu da hien nhien dUdc dem xem xet, nhan thiic lai Thiic tien the gidi va nude lai dat biet bao nhieu van de mdi Chinh vi vay, qua trinh bien soan giao trinh trci qua trinh nghien ciiu va thao luan khoa hoc ton rat nhieu thdi gian va cong siic Tuy nhien, cho den qua nghien ciiu ly luan kinh te chinh tri Mac - Lenin phai noi r&ng van rat khiem ton Thiic ra, mot G iao trinh K in h te hoc chin h tri M ac - Lenin hien dai doi hoi phan kinh te chinh tri ve chu nghia tu ban phai phat trien dildc hoc thuyet gia tri thang du cua C.Mac tren cd sc) tong ket thiic tien chu nghia til ban nay; ph§n kinh te chinh tri ve chu nghia xa hoi phai phat trien dildc mot he thong mdi cac pham tru va quy luat kinh te ve chu nghia xa hoi va thdi ky qua tren cd sd tong ket thiic tien doi mdi Bo giao trinh mdi chUa dap ling dUdc yeu c§u bdi muon lam dUdc nhil vay c^n phai co thdi gian, can phai trien khai cong tac nghien 10 cuu ly luan cong phu va sau rong hdn nfla, can ca chin muoi cua cac qua trinh thtfc tien Mac du co sii han • che do, G ia o t r in h K in h 7te h o c c h in h tr i M ac - L e n in tai ban l&n co nhiing Uu diem co the dap ting dUdc nhu cau cap bach lam nen cho viec thong nhat nhiing quan diem cd ban de giang day mon he thong giao due dai hoc TrUdc het, giao trinh da khang dinh nhiing nguyen ly cd ban cua kinh te chinh tri Mac - Lenin da dUdc thiic tien kiem nghiem C&n lUu y riing, mot so" khai niem pham tru kinh te chinh tri Mac Lenin ma ban doc tiidng nhu khong co gi mdi nhiing thiic de dUa dUdc vao giao trinh da phai trai qua mot qua trinh suy ngam, tranh luan nghiem tuc giiia nhiing ngUdi bien soan giao trinh, co tham khao rong rai gidi ly luan kinh te chinh tri Qua gan mot thap ky "kiem ke lai hanh trang" ly luan cua minh, mac du van tiep tuc tim toi tranh luan nhung gidi ly luan kinh te chinh tri Mac Lenin nude ta h&u nhu da thohg nhat vdi r&ng, nay, hoc thuyet kinh te du nhap vao nude ta co nhieu trUdng phai nhUng hoc thuyet khoa hoc nhat, dung d&n nhat van la hoc thuyet kinh te chinh tri Mac - Lenin; dung nhu vao dau the ky nay, Ho Chi Minh da kh&ng dinh ve tinh dung dan cua chu nghia Mac - Lenin so vdi cac hoc thuyet va chu nghia khac Tuy nhien, cac tac gia cua giao trinh khong co thai hep hoi va biet phai hoac chiet trung chu nghia doi vdi cac trao lUu kinh te khac Tren cd sd kien dinh tinh dang cua khoa kinh te chinh tri, kien dinh nhiing quan diem kinh te chinh tri Mac - Lenin, cac tac gia da tiep thu nhiing nhan to" tich ciic, hdp ly 11 cac trao ltfu khac va bSng cach lam giau them cho kien thiic kinh te hoc chinh tri Mac - Lenin cua chung ta Trinh bay cac nguyen ly kinh te chinh tri Mac - Lenin, cac tac gia tuan thu nguyen tac phuong phap luan sau day: the hien trung thiic, chinh xac tu tUdng quan diem cua chinh Mac va Lenin ve cac van de khong cat xen, lam sai lech noi dung cua cac ong, dong thdi trinh bay sii phat trien cua cac van de tiif cac ong qua ddi cho den nay; sii phat trien dUdc thiic hien ciidng linh va diidng loi cua cac Dang Cong san, nhat la cua Dang ta va cac tac pham ly luan tieu bieu cua cac hoc tro cua Mac va Lenin, sii phat trien rat khong ddn gian, thUdng trai qua dau tranh, khac phuc nhiing lech lac, sai l&m Nhu vay la chung ta da tra lai cho Mac, Lenin cai gi cua Mac, cua Lenin; dong thdi lam cho hoc thuyet cua cac ong song mai ddi song ly luan va thiic tien hom Chinh vi vay ma phan ve chu nghia tu ban, giao trinh da co giing trinh bay trung thiic hoc thuyet gia tri thang du cua Mac va hoc thuyet chu nghia de quoc cua Lenin, dong thdi van dung hoc thuyet cua cac ong de phan tich mot so van de ly luan va thiic tien cua chu nghia tii ban Trong ph&n ma cac giao trinh trudc day la kinh te hoc chinh tri ve chu nghia xa hoi thi giao trinh tap trung vao van de thdi ky qua len chu nghia xa hoi d Viet Nam m& khong the tri he thong cac pham tru va quy luat kinh te cua chu nghia xa hoi bdi vi chu nghia xa hoi d Viet Nam dang thdi ky dau xay diing, chu nghia xa hoi vdi mo hinh da tiing ton tai d Lien Xo va cac niidc xa hoi chu nghia Dong Au thi can dUdc suy 12 Nha ntfdc quan ly thi trtfdng bang phap luat, ke hoach, cd che, chfnh sach, cac cong cu don bay kinh te khac va bang cac nguon ltfc cua khu vtfc kinh te nha ntfdc Tren cd sd nhtfng quan diem cd ban ay, nhiing chiic nang cd ban ve quan ly nen kinh te van hanh theo cd che thi trtfdng dinh htfdng xa hoi chu nghia cua Nha ntfdc ta la: _ , T hii nhat, dinh htfdng stf phat trien toan bo nen kinh te nham ttfng btfdc xav dtfng cd sd vat chat - ky thuat cua ✓ \ chu nghia xa hoi, khong ngiing nang cao ddi song cua nhan dan T hii hai, trtfc tiep dau ttf vao mot so" linh vtfc de dan dat stf phat trien toan bo nen kinh te theo dinh htfdng xa hoi chu nghia T hii ba, thiet lap khuon kho phap luat, cd he thong chinh sach nhat quan de tao mdi trtfdng dn dinh va thuan ldi cho gidi kinh doanh lam an phat dat T hii tu, han che va khac phuc nhtfng mat tieu ctfc cua cd che thi trtfdng T hii nam, phan phoi va phan phoi lai thu nhap quoc dan theo dinh htfdng lay phan phoi theo ket qua lao dong va hieu qua kinh te la chu yeu, lam cho moi ngtfdi din dan deu cd ddi song am no, ttf do, hanh phuc T hii sau, quan ly, bao ve tai san cdng; kiem ke, kiem soat, htfdng dan toan bo hoat dong kinh te - xa hoi di vao quy dao cua chu nghia xa hoi Noi dung quan ly kinh te cu a Nha nvfdc ta thdi ky qua len chu nghia xa hoi De thtfc hien nhtfng chtfc nang quan ly kinh te, nhtfng noi dung chu yeu quan ly kinh te cua Nha ntfdc ta gom: 663 - Quyet dirth chien litdc p h a t trien kinh te - xa h o i Toan bo sii phat trien kinh te cua dat niidc nhanh hay cham, dung hiidng hay chech hiidng, hieu qua kinh te (cao hay thap v.v phu thuoc triidc het vao diidng loi chu triidng phat trien kinh te d tarn chien liidc quoc gia Dac biet, sik dung cd che thi triidng, van de liia chon quyet r>, sach lai cang kho khan, phtfc tap hdn nhieu U day, doi hoi phai phan tfch tinh hinh thi trUdng, xac dinh muc tieu phat trien, lua chon phUdng an toi Uu Mau chot ciia stf cong hay that bai la viec xac dinh dtfdc mot chien ltfdc phat trien dung, co can ctf khoa hoc - K e hoach Ke hoach la stf trien khai va cu the hoa quyet dinh chien ltfdc Ke hoach noi d day la ke hoach de bao dam thtfc hien muc tieu cua quyet dinh chien ltfdc; dinh mot cach khoa hoc muc tieu dai han va ngan han, nhtfng bien phap va phUdng thtfc thtfc hien cac muc tieu Muon vay phai co dtf bao khoa hoc Dtf bao la tien de khong the thieu cua quyet djnh chien ltfdc ctfng nhtf cua ke hoach - To chiic To chtfc la mot noi dung quan ly quan nh&m bao dam thtfc hien ke hoach da dinh To chtfc khoa hoc la td chtfc mot cach htfu cd cac yeu to" hoat dong san xuat kinh doanh, cac bo phan, cac khau, cac mat cua nen san xuat xa hoi nham lam cho hoat dong san xuat kinh doanh tien hanh hai hoa va co trat ttf Do can bo" tri hdp ly cd cau, xac dinh ro chtfc nang, quyen han va trach nhiem cua cac td chtfc Dtfa theo yeu cau cu the cua cac cd cau de ltfa chon va bo" tri can bo tren cd sd tien hanh sat hach nghiem ngat 664 - X ac dtinh cd cau to chiic qu an ly kin h te Day la van de kho khan, phiic tap dac biet doi vdi cac ntfdc mdi btfdc vao kinh te thi trtfdng Tuf tong ket kinh nghiem thtfc te cua dat ntfdc cung vdi viec tham khao kinh nghiem cac ntfdc cd nen kinh te thi trtfdng phat trien Nha ntfdc ta phai xac dinh cho dtfdc mot cd cau td chiic quan ly kinh te phu hdp Viec ltfa chon mot cd cau to chtfc quan ly thich hdp ddi hdi phai cd stf nghien ciiu cdng phu khong the non nong va chep mot cach giao dieu - C hi huy Nen kinh te la mot td chiic bao gom nhieu chu the khac nhau, vay phai cd stf chi huy thong nhat mdi bao dam nen kinh te quoc dan hoat dong binh thtfdng va thtfc hien dtfdc muc tieu da dinh De cd the chi huy nen kinh te, cd quan quan ly phai thong thao tinh hinh san xuat kinh doanh phai thu thap thong tin rong rai ve cac mat, xay dtfng he thong chi huy thong nhat, cd uy quyen, cd siic manh, dieu hoa va phoi hdp cd hieu qua cac mat hoat dong, kip thdi giai quyet van de sinh hoat dong san xuat kinh doanh - Dieu hod, p h oi hdp Trong qua trinh thtfc hien ke hoach phai thtfdng xuyen kiem tra, giam sat viec thtfc hien ke hoach so sanh giuta muc tieu, ke hoach, tieu chuan vdi thtfc te hoat dong san xuat kinh doanh cua cac td chtfc kinh te Phat hien nhtfng chenh lech, phan tich nguyen nhan va neu giai phap cu the nh&m loai bd hoac ngan ngtia nhtfng hoat dong quan ly kem hieu qua Thtfc hien ke hoach khong the khong dung nhieu bien phap va hinh thiic khac nhlm dieu tiet cac mat hoat dong cua nen san xuat xa hoi, bao dam can doi tong the de thtfc hien cd hieu qua muc tieu cua xf nghiep 665 - Khuyen kh ich vd triCng phat Ki'ch thich moi td chiic kinh te, moi ngiicfi lao dong co gang hoan ke hoach va nhiem vu bang ldi ich vat chat va dong vien tinh thjan Van dung linh hoat cac hinh thiic thUdng va phat; thiic hien lao dong nhieu dUdc hUcing nhieu, lao dong it diidc hUdng it; lam ldi va ldi cang nhieu cho nen kinh te quoc dan thi khuyen khich, ngUdc lai (lam hai va pha hoai) th i ngan chan va triing phat Cong cu quan ly kinh te cua Nha nitfoc ta thdi ky qua len chu nghia xa hoi - K e h oach vd thi triidng Nen kinh te van hanh theo cd che thi trUdng co sU quan ly cua nha nUdc theo dinh hu6ng xa hoi chu nghia doi hoi phai sii dung h a i cong cu quan ly cd ban '.a ke h oach vd thi triidng Viec sii dung hai cong cu quan I7 khong the tach rdi ma la sii van dung quy luat phat trien co ke hoach de dieu tiet tac dong cua quy luat gia tri va van dung quy luat gia tri nham quan ly nen kinh te phat trien theo ke hoach Chuyen tii cd che ke hoach hoa tap trung quan lieu, bao cap sang cd che thi trUdng co sU quan ly cua nha nU6c, khong co nghia la tii bo ke hoach hoa ma la chuyen :ii ke’ hoach hoa thuan phap lenh sang ke hoach hoa dinh hudng la chu yeu, sii dung cac don bay kinh te va lUc lUdng vat chat tay nha nUdc de bao dam cac ty le can doi nen kinh te" quoc dan Tii cho doi lap ke hoach vdi thi trUdng, chiing ta da nhan thic ro, ca ke hoach lan thi trUdng deu la cong cu de quan 1/ nen 666 kinh te, thi trtfdng la can ctf, la doi ttfdng va la cong cu cua ke hoach hoa Trong nen kinh te hang hoa nhieu phln, ke hoach hoa phai bao quat dtfdc tat ca cac phan kinh te, tat ca cac quan he thi trtfdng, khong chi cac quan he thi trtfdng ntfdc ma ca cac quan he vdi thi trtfdng ngoai ntfdc Ke hoach nha ntfdc bao gom ke hoach dai han va ngln / f) han Thong qua ke hoach dai han, nha ntfdc cu the hoa chien ltfdc phat trien kinh te - xa hoi, tu: dd vach cac chtfdng trinh kinh te co muc tieu de dinh htfdng dau ttf, dieu tiet cac hoat dong kinh te va de cac chinh sach kinh t£ thich hdp (thue, tin dung, xuat - nhap khau, chuyen giao cdng nghe ) - Xay diing kin h te nhd nitdc vd kin h te hop tac h oat dong co hieu qua Day la nhtfng phan kinh te cd vai trd quyet dinh nhat doi vdi viec quan ly nen kinh te" thi trtfdng cd nhieu phan kinh te phat trien theo dinh htfdng xa hoi chu nghia Cac phln kinh te cd vai trd md dtfdng va ho trd cho cac phan khac phat trien, thue day stf tang trtfdng nhanh va lau ben cua nen kinh te Nhd chung ma nha ntfdc cd siic manh vat chat de dieu tiet va htfdng dan nen kinh te thtfc hien nhtfng muc tieu kinh te xa hoi ke hoach vach - He thong p h a p lu at Nha ntfdc phai stf dung he thong phap luat lam cong cu dieu tiet hoat dong cua cac td chtfc kinh te thuoc moi phan kinh te nham lam cho nen kinh te phat trien theo dinh htfdng xa hoi chu nghia, phat huy mat tich ctfc 667 va ngan chan mat tieu ciic cua cd che thi trudng, dieu ti&t cac hoat dong kinh te doi ngoai cho nen kinh te khong bi le thuoc vao nUdc ngoai Viec xay diing he thong phap luat hoan chinh doi vdi nUdc ta la mot qua trinh lau dai Vi thi trUdng luon luon bien dong nen he thong phap luat cung phai dUdc bo sung hoan chinh kip thdi cho phu hdp vdi tinh hinh thuc te He thong phap luat bao trum moi mat hoat dong kinh te - xa hoi, nhUng co the khai quat lai nam linh vUc: + Xac dinh cac chu the phap ly, tao cho ho cac quyen (nang liic phap ly) va hanh dong (kha nang kinh doanh mang tinh thong nhat) + Quy dinh cac quyen ve kinh te (quyen sd hiiu, quyln srf dung, quyen chuyen nhUdng, quyen thCfa ke v.v.) + Ve hdp dong kinh te, cac nguyen tac cd ban cua Luat Hdp dong dua tren cd sd thoa thuan, tren cd sd tu nguyen cua cac ben, Luat Hdp dong quy dinh quyen hoat dong cua cac chu the phap ly, ttfc la cac hanh vi phap ly + Ve sii bao dam cua Nha nUdc doi vdi cac dieu kien chung cua nen kinh te co cac Luat Bao ho lao dong, Lu&t Moi trUdng, Luat ve cacten, v.v.; cac quy dinh ve mat xa hoi co Luat Bao hiem xa hoi, v.v + Ve luat kinh te ddi ngoai - Cac cong cu tdi chin h + He thong thue Chinh sach thue dung dan khong chi co muc dich tao nguon thu cho ngan sach ma khuyen khich san xuat, xuat khau, dieu tiet tieu dung, khac phuc co hieu qua cac hien tudng tieu ciic nen kinh te, thu hut dude nhieu 668 von dau tu cua ntidc ngoai, khuyen khich viec d&u tu co hieu qua kinh te - xa hoi cao + N gan sach nhd niidc Ngan sach nha nUdc la cong cu rat quan de tac dong vao nen kinh te nham thUc hien muc tieu tang trudng va cong bang xa hoi, la hinh thtic cd ban de hinh va sii dung co ke hoach quy tien te tap trung nham md rong san xuat theo dinh htidng xa hoi chu nghia va ty thoa man nhu cau cang tang cua nhan dan Ngan sach dtidc dung de khuyen khich sU dung hdp ly tai nguyen san xuat tat ca cac phan kinh te, cac nganh san xuat xa hoi, phat huy mat tich ctic, dong thdi ngan chan, han che mat tieu ctic cua cd che thi trtidng Ngan sach dtidc sii dung khong chi nh&m bao dam sti tang trtidng ve cua cai vat chat ma ca sti phat trien ve mat van hoa - xa hoi - C ac cong cu tien te Trong nen kinh te thi trtidng, tien te dong vai tro vo cung quan Viec that chat hay ndi long cung ting tien te, kiem che lam phat thong qua hoat dong cua he thong ngan hang se tac dong trtic tiep den tinh hinh kinh te Bang cong cu tien te, nha nUdc cd the hudng dan nen kinh te phat trien theo dinh hudng xa hoi chu nghia, ngan chan tinh tti phat tu ban chu nghia - C ac cong cu dieu tiet kin h te doi ngoai De thtic hien tot chien lUdc kinh te md, xtic tien cac quan he kinh te doi ngoai, nha nUdc phai sii dung nhieu cong cu, dd chu yeu la: thue xuat - nhap khau, han ngach (quota), ty gia hoi doai, bao dam tm dung xuat khau, trd cap xuat khau, v.v fy _ ^ ry 669 *) Thong qua nhiing cong cu nay, nha nU6c co the khuyen khich viec xuat, nhap khau dong thdi lai bao ho mot cach hdp ly nen san x u it noi dia, nang cao siic canh tranh cua hang hoa Viet Nam, thu hut von dau tii cua nUdc ngoai cang nhieu dong thdi v ln giii vtfng doc lap, chu quyen quoc gia, ldi ich dan toe theo dinh hucng xa hoi chu nghia, v.v III NANG CAO HIEU QUA QUAN LY KINH TE CUA NHA NUCJC XA HOI CHU NGHIA, THUC HIEN THANG LOI NHIEM VU CONG NGHIEP HOA, HIEN DAI HOA DAT NU6C Day manh cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa dat nuSc, ttf den nam 2020 phai stfc phan dau dua nU6c ta cd ban trd mot nude cong nghiep V i liic liidng san xuat, den ltfc phan ldn lao dong thu cong dUdc thay the" bang lad dong stf dung maj moc, dien hoa cd ban dUdc thiic hien ca ntfdc, nang suat lao dong xa hoi va hieu qua san xu&t kinh doaih co *7 s stf phat trien vtfdt bac, mot so linh vtfc ky thuat v£ cong nghe se dat trinh ttfdng doi hien dai Trong cd cai kinh / « / te, nong nghiep tiep tuc phat trien manh, song cong nghiep va dich vu se chiem ty rat ldn G )P va lao dong xa hoi Ve qu an he san xuat, che sd htfu, cd che quarly va che phan phoi phai phu hdp, gfin ket vdi phat X *) huy dtfdc cac nguon liic, tao dong ltfc manh me thic day tang trudng kinh te, thuc hien cong b&ngxa hoi 670 Kinh te nha niidc thiic hien tot vai tro chu dao va cung vdi kinh te hdp tac xa cd ban trd nen tang nen kinh te Kinh te ca the, tieu chu, kinh te tuf ban tu nhan chiem ty dang ke Kinh te tu ban nha nUdc du6i cac hinh thiic khac ton tai bien Ve ddi msong vat chat vd van h od , nhan dan co cuoc song no du, co nha d tUdng doi tot, co dieu kien thuan ldi ve di lai, hoc hanh, chiia benh, co miic hudng thu van hoa kha Quan he xa hoi lanh manh, loi song van minh, gia dinh hanh phuc Trong qua trinh thiic hien dUdng loi doi mdi, cong tac quan ly cua Nha nUdc ta da gop ph&n quyet dinh vao viec dUa nUdc ta vtfdt qua mot giai doan thtf thach gay go va da thu dtfdc nhiing ttfu to ldn, co y nghia rat quan trong, tao nhiing tien de de day manh cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa dat ntfdc Tuy nhien, so vdi yeu cku phat trien nen kinh te thi trtfdng dinh htfdng xa hoi chu nghia, stf quan ly cua nha ntfdc ve kinh te - xa hoi boc lo nhieu mat yeu kem: He thong phap luat, chinh sach chua dong bo va nhat quan, N O viec thtfc hien chtfa nghiem Tai chinh, tien te chtfa on dinh va thieu lanh manh Ke hoach hoa, quy hoach xay dtfng, quan ly dat dai nhieu yeu kem Thu tuc hanh chfnh rtfdm ra, cham doi mdi Thtfdng nghiep nha ntfdc bo mot so" tran dia quan trong, chtfa phat huy tot vai trd chu dao tren thi trtfdng Viec lanh dao xay dtfng quan he san xuat mdi cd phan vtfa lung tung, vtfa buong long Chtfa tao dong ltfc va dieu kien thuan ldi cho doanh nghiep nha ntfdc nang cao hieu qua hoat dong, phat huy 671 vai tro chu dao nen kinh te quoc dan Chua kip) thdi chi phUdng hudng, bien phap doi mdi kinh te hdp tac ChUa giai quyet tot mot so chinh sach de khuyen khich kinh te tu nhan phat trien, dong thdi chua quan l;y tot phan kinh te Quan ly kinh te hdp tac lien doanh vdi nude ngoai co nhieu sd hd Che phan pho>i nhieu bat hdp ly Quan ly nha nUdc doi vdi cac hoat dong khoa hoc va cong nghe, bao ve tai nguyen va moi trUdng sinh thai, giao due, dao tao cung nhu viec giai quyet cac te nan xa hoi chua tot Vi vay de hoan thang ldi cac muc tieu kinh te xa hoi qua trinh cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa dat nUdc, viec nang cao hieu qua quan ly cua nha nUdc la van de cap bach co y nghia quyet dinh Muon vay phai: - Tiep tuc doi mdi cd che quan ly Viec tiep tuc doi mdi cd che quan ly kinh te phai thuc hien theo hudng triet de xoa bo cd che tap trung quan lieu, bao cap, hinh tudng doi dong bo cd che thi triidng co sU quan ly cua nha nu6c theo dinh hudng xa hoi chu nghia, tao lap dong bo cac yeu to cua thi trUdng; hoan chinh he thong phap luat ve kinh te; tiep tuc doi mdi cong tac ke hoach hoa; tiep tuc doi m6i cac chinh sach tai chinh, tien te, gia ca - N ang cao nang liic vd p h a m ch at cua ho may nha nitdc p h a p quyen xa hoi chu nghia Bo may nha nUdc can thiic hien tot cac chiic nang quan ly kinh te tren cd sd khong ngirng nang cao tri thiic quan ly kinh te thi trUdng phat trien theo dinh hudng xa hoi chu nghia Can quan triet sau sic va thiic hien tot cac chtic nang quan ly kinh te vi mo cua nha nUdc phu hdp v6i nhu c&u kinh te thi 672 triidng Tach chiic nang cua chinh quyen vdi xi nghiep la khau then chot nh^m phat huy d&y du chiic nang quan ly kinh te cua bo may chinh quyen Dieu doi hoi bo may chinh quyen cac cap phai tinh gian hanh chinh, chuyen tii cho quan ly xi nghiep sang quan ly toan dien, tii cho chi quan ly kinh te nha niidc sang quan ly tat ca cac phan kinh te thiic hien khong che va quan ly vi mo, tong hdp doi vdi kinh te - Can nang cao khong ngiing van hoa quan ly kinh te thi triidng thong qua tong ket kinh nghiem va hoc tap co chon loc nhting kien thiic quan ly thi trtfdng cua cac ntfdc ttf ban phat trien Tuy nhien, quan ly mot nen kinh te thi trtfdng phat trien theo dinh htfdng xa hoi chu nghia la dieu xtfa chtfa he co Vi vay, doi hoi phai phat huy cao tinh than doc lap ttf chu va sang tao Nang cao ph&m chat dao dtic cua doi ngu cong chtic nha ntfdc, xay dtfng bo may lanh dao, quan ly nha ntfdc X, A * *> sach vting manh Nen kinh te nude ta co the qua len chu nghia xa hoi chinh la co dieu kien tien quyet: chinh quyen thuoc ve nhan dan lao dong dtfdi stf lanh dao cua Dang Cong san Viet Nam Chi cd mot nha ntfdc ma doi ngu cua nd la nhiing ngtfdi toan tam, toan y phuc vu nhan dan mdi cd the ngan ngtia dtfdc nguy cd dtfa nen kinh te ntfdc ta di chech htfdng xa hoi chu nghia Te quan lieu, tham nhung, chuyen quven, doc doan, stf suy thoai ve ttf ttfdng chinh tri va pham chat dao dtic cua mot bo phan khong nhd can bo, dang vien nam bo may lanh dao va quan ly chinh quyen cac cap dang lam cho bo may Dang va Nha ntfdc suy yeu, long tin cua nhan dan doi vdi 673 Dang, doi vdi che bi xoi mon, cac chu trUdng, chinh sach cua Dang va Nha nu6c bi thi hanh sai lech - la manh d£t thuan ldi cho "dien bien hoa binh" Chinh vi v§y, Nghi quyet 09 cua Bo Chinh tri Ban Chap hanh Trung Udng Dang Cong san Viet Nam 18-2-1995 da khSng dinh: Nhan to quyet dinh nhat bao dam gifl vCing dinh hudng xa hoi chu nghia cua nen kinh te thi trUdng la vai tro quan ly cua Nha nU6c du6i sU lanh dad cua Dang 674 MUC LUC # • Trang Ldi Nha xuat ban Ldi gidi thieu Phan md dau 15 C htfdng I: Kinh te hoc chinh tri Mac - Lenin doi ttfdng, phtfdng phap, chiic nang 17 C htfdng II: San xuat va tai san xuat xa hoi 40 Chtfdng 111: Tang trtfdng kinh te, phat trien kinh te, tien bo xa hoi 68 Phan thijf nhat PHUONG THtfC SAN XUAT TU BAN CHU NGHIA Chtfdng IV: Stf ddi cua phtfdng thiic san xuat ttf ban chu nghia Chtfdng V: Hang hoa va tien te Chtfdng VI: San xuat gia tri thang dtf - quy luat kinh te tuyet doi cua chu nghia ttf ban Chtfdng VII: 87 89 114 151 Van dong cua ttf ban va tai san xuat ttf ban xa hoi 188 Chtfdng VIII: Ldi nhuan binh quan va gia ca san xuat 230 Chtfdng IX: Ttf ban kinh doanh hang hoa va ldi nhuan thtfdng nghiep 255 675 ChtfOng X: Tu ban cho vay va ldi tiic cho vay 275 chu nghia tu ban Chiidng XI: Tu ban kinh doanh nong nghiep va 305 dia to tu ban chu nghia Chtf ting XII: Chu nghia tu ban doc quyen va chu nghia t \i ban doc quyen nha nUdc ChtfOng XIII: 321 Chu nghia tu ban va xu 348 hudng van dong cua no Phan thuf hai NHLTNG VAN DE LY LUAN VA CHINH SACH KINH TE CUA T H l KY QUA DO LEN 391 CHU NGHIA XA HOI V IE T NAM ChtfOng XIV: C.Mac, PhAngghen va V.I.Lenin ve chu nghia xa hoi va chu nghia cong san, ve thdi ky qua len chu nghia 393 xa hoi ChtfOng XV: Thdi ky qua len chu nghia xa hoi 424 d Viet Nam ChtfOng XVI: Quan he san xuat thdi ky qua len chu nghia xa hoi d Viet Nam ChtfOng XVII: 444 Kinh te hang hoa nhieu phan thdi ky qua len chu nghia 460 xa hoi d Viet Nam ChtfOng XVIII: Kinh te nong thon thdi ky qua len chu nghia xa hoi d Viet Nam ChtfOng XIX: 476 Cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa nen kinh te quoc dan thdi ky qua len chu nghia xa hoi d Viet Nam ChtfOng XX: Ltfu thong hang hoa va thudng nghiep thdi ky qua len chu nghia xa hoi d Viet Nam 676 503 526 Chitting XXI: Tai chinh thdi ky qua len chu nghia xa hoi d Viet Nam 547 Chitting XXII: Ltfu thong tien te, tin dung va ngan hang thdi ky qua len chu nghia xa hoi d Viet Nam 579 ChUOng XXIII: Thu nhap ca nhan, phuc ldi tap the va phuc ldi xa hoi thdi ky qua len chu nghia xa hoi d Viet Nam 606 ChUcSng XXTV: Kinh te doi ngoai thdi ky qua len chu nghia xa hoi d Viet Nam ChUdng XXV: 630 Nha niidc nen kinh te thi triidng theo dinh hiidng xa hoi chu nghia 654 677 ... san xuat nhat dinh; cac khoa hoc kinh te khac: khoa lich sii kinh te quoc dan, kinh te hoc cong nghiep, kinh te 31 hoc nong nghiep, kinh te hoc thtidng nghiep, kinh te hoc lao dong v.v thi diia... dung dan nham dat dUdc hieu qua kinh te cao Moi quan he gifla kinh te hoc chinh tri vdi ca c khoa hoc kinh te khac Khong chi kinh te hoc chinh tri ma nhieu khoa hoc kinh te khac cung nghien ciiu... vay, kinh te hoc chinh tri va cac khoa hoc kinh te cung nghien cUu cac nguyen ly, cac quy luat kinh te chi phoi va sii van dong cua nen kinh te quoc dan nhung pham vi va gidi han khac nhau, kinh
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