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THE MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRADING THE MINISTRY OF PLANNING AND INVESTMENT THE VIETNAM INSTITUTE FOR DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ TRAN QUYET CHIEN AGRICULTURAL LAND USE EFFICIENCY IN PHU THO PROVINCE Major : Development economics Code : 9310105 SUMMARY OF THE DOCTORAL THESIS IN ECONOMICS HANOI- 2020 THIS WORK IS COMPLETED AT THE VIETNAM INSTITUTE FOR DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES Scientific supervisors: PROF PHD NGO THANG LOI PHD CAO NGOC LAN Reviewer 1: Assoc Prof, Dr Bui Van Huyen Reviewer 2: Prof Phd Nguyen Thanh Do Reviewer : Assoc Prof, Dr Tran Nguyen Tuyen The thesis will be defended before the Thesis Assessment Council of the State at the Vietnam Institute for Development Strategies At: Dated 2020 The thesis may be further referred at: - The National Library of Vietnam - Library of the Vietnam Institute for Development Strategies Rationale There are currently many theoretical issues regarding agricultural land use efficiency to be clarified Efficient use of about 10 million hectares of agricultural land in Vietnam requires resolution of many overall issues but there has been no scientific work and no doctoral thesis fully, systematically and comprehensively studying this topic yet In fact, it is now essential to research agricultural land use efficiency in Phu Tho GRDP per capita of the Province only equals to 78% of the average GRDP per capita of Vietnam whereas GRDP/capita of provincial rural areas only equal to about 55% of the average GRDP per capita of the whole Province So how to increase GRDP per capita of the Province? In Phu Tho Province, rural population accounts for about 80% of total population of the Province, 87%-88% of which are engaging in agriculture Most of local people engaging in agriculture live on agricultural production If this thesis manages to find out solutions to improvement of agricultural land use efficiency in Phu Tho Province, it will become an useful reference document for not only Phu Tho Province but also Northern mountainous provinces and other provinces nationwide and act as a valuable reference document for development research institutes and higher education institutions in agricultural development in Vietnam Consequently, the author chooses "Agricultural land use efficiency in Phu Tho Province" as a topic of the doctoral thesis in development economics Research aims and objectives 2.1 Research aims: Propose solutions to improvement of agricultural land use efficiency during agricultural and rural development towards efficiency and sustainability in Phu Tho Province in a scientifically reasonable manner 2.2 Research objectives: In order to achieve given aims, the thesis focuses on completion of the following fundamental scientific research objectives: (1) Develop theoretical background and learn through practical experience on agricultural land use efficiency to apply to research of this issue in Vietnam (2) Assess actual state of agricultural land use efficiency in Phu Tho Province during 2010 - 2018 period to identify strengths, weaknesses and reasons for limitations and shortcomings (3) Propose solutions to improvement of agricultural land use efficiency in Phu Tho Province towards 2030 Research object and scope 3.1 Research object: Research object is agricultural land use efficiency in Phu Tho Province, including research of agricultural land and agricultural land use efficiency in the Province in detail 3.2 Research scope: a) For science: Research theory and practice, current and future agricultural land use efficiency; clarify some theoretical issues such as concepts, attributes of agricultural land use efficiency and assessment criteria for agricultural land use efficiency At the same time, specify current state, orientation of agricultural land use and agricultural land use efficiency in Phu Tho Province; then propose solutions to improvement of agricultural land use efficiency in Phu Tho Province towards 2030 b) For time: Current state from 2010 to 2018 and forecast to 2030 Forecast for a 12-year period (2019 - 2030) is necessary because the biological cycle of crop varieties is about - years whereas it takes imported good crop varieties 2-3 years to stably develop For space: Phu Tho Province and agricultural development zone (possibly including specialized farming area and concentrated raw material growing area) Research framework The thesis author proposes a research framework applicable to the thesis topic as shown in figure below: Research theories of agricultural land Solutions use efficiency to improvement of agricultural land use efficiency in Phu Tho Province (Based on arising from socio-economic development context of Phu Tho Province for efficient agricultural land use and agricultural developm tate of agricultural land use efficiency in Phu Tho Province and other localities Figure 1: Research framework of the thesis Source: Proposal of the author Research approaches and methods Systemic approach, theoretical to practical approach, intersectoral, interzone approach and cause and effect approach are applied throughout the thesis In order to complete the thesis, the author uses common methods such as systemic analysis method, statistical analysis method in combination with use of graphs, charts, maps, comparison method, expert method, policy analysis method, forecast method, SWOT method and field survey method New contributions of the thesis a) Theoretical and academic contributions: The thesis shows that agricultural land use efficiency is represented by agricultural development efficiency and nature of agricultural land use efficiency is agriculture value added and earned value of crops and commodity per hectare of agricultural land in one year or many years Agricultural land use efficiency is composed of cultivation efficiency, animal husbandry efficiency and agricultural service efficiency The thesis specifies nine factors affecting agricultural land use efficiency (and emphasizes role of provincial authorities, production structure, agricultural land use structure, agricultural production) and determines a criteria kit for analysis of reasons and situation of agricultural land use efficiency in the Province in the context of Vietnam b) New findings and proposals resulting from research and survey result of the thesis: The thesis provides a scientific background to the State management agencies in Phu Tho Province in planning agricultural development guidelines, reforming agricultural land use structure of Phu Tho Province (by specifying strengths, weaknesses, reasons for successes and limitations, shortcomings in agricultural land use in recent years) and proposes five groups of solutions to improvement of agricultural land use efficiency in the future The thesis puts considerable emphasis on solutions to improvement of State management efficiency of local authorities, reform of agricultural land use structure, and reform of agricultural production structure in association with modernization and development of agricultural production forms (especially, development of agricultural product value chains, agricultural and industrial complexes and hi-tech agricultural parks, etc) Structure of the thesis Besides Introduction, Conclusion and List of reference documents, appendices, the thesis is composed of 04 chapters as follows: CHAPTER LITERATURE REVIEW RELATED TO AGRICULTURAL LAND USE EFFICIENCY Following research requirements on theories and practical experience for the thesis, the author reviewed 90 documents and chose two major issues, including 1.1 Overview of agriculture and agricultural development efficiency and 1.2 Overview of agricultural land and agricultural land use efficiency, for research purposes of the thesis The literature review shows that land use efficiency generally has a closed relation with agricultural land use efficiency Agricultural land is a major issue and it has been researched by many scholars Scholars generally agree that agricultural land is the type of land used for agricultural production development (agricultural production is an economic system including cultivation, animal husbandry and agricultural services) Efficient use of agricultural land is a compulsory requirement of each country Many scholars agree that agricultural land use efficiency and agricultural development efficiency have the same meaning Many research works regarding agricultural development efficiency clearly state that agricultural production efficiency is the relation between outcome and costs for agricultural development in a definite term Although this statement is quite general from viewpoint regarding result of a specific activity, it is a good thought that is applicable to this thesis This thesis also applies published research results regarding some assessment criteria for agricultural land use efficiency such as output value, added value per hectare of agricultural land, labor per hectare of agricultural land Besides, the author identifies unsatisfactory issues from researches of scholars and issues that need further research in this thesis (to be specified in chapter 2) CHAPTER 2:THEORETICAL BACKGROUND REGARDING AGRICULTURAL LAND USE EFFICIENCY IN THE PROVINCE AND PRACTICAL EXPERIENCE 2.1 Theoretical background regarding agricultural land use efficiency 2.1.1 Agricultural land use efficiency Agricultural land is the type of land that is directly used for agricultural development Agricultural production activities are performed on this type of land, including cultivation and development of animal husbandry (including aquaculture) for production of agricultural products and commodities and satisfaction of people's demand as well as production of materials for processing industry development The land used for agricultural production is not similar to the land used for forestry production Consequently, the thesis considers that it is inadvisable to include the land used for agricultural production in the land used for forestry production In order to provide a systemic view, the author gives an overview of agriculture and presents grounds for explanation of agricultural land use issues Subjects of change (farmers) Market and technologies Current agricultural land use structure Efficiency Future agricultural land use structure Figure 2.1: Theoretical graph on reform of agricultural land use structure in stages Source: The author Agricultural land use efficiency is shown by agricultural production development efficiency because production outcome only results from agricultural production activities and leads to agricultural land use efficiency Viewpoint reagrding agricultural land use efficiency must not be separate from general theory of development efficiency as difference between achieved outcome and paid costs In other aspects, it shows added value, amount of commodities generated by agricultural production on one hectare of agricultural land 10 Agricultural development efficiency is one of components of socioeconomic development efficiency and one of elements of agricultural development efficiency and it shows production efficiency on one hectares of agricultural land Efficiency for agricultural land users Agricultural land use efficiency Efficiency for related persons Figure 2.2: Graph on implication of agricultural land use efficiency Source: The author + Agricultural land use efficiency is considered in factors forming agricultural production so agricultural development efficiency is generally a system composed of cultivation efficiency, animal husbandry efficiency and agricultural service efficiency However, it is very difficult to separate agricultural service efficiency on agricultural land from agricultural service efficiency on residential land It is regularly required to generally consider efficiency of three components of agricultural development efficiency, including cultivation, animal husbandry and agricultural services during analysis of agricultural development efficiency Cultivation efficiency Agricultural development efficiency Animal husbandry efficiency Agricultural service efficiency 14 c) Phu Tho Province has great potential and prospects for development of agro-forestry development d) Phu Tho Province currently plans development of industrial parks and 26 industrial clusters and this is a prerequisite forinvestment and development of agricultural product processing industry In general, potential and strengths for commodity agriculture development of Phu Tho Province are quite great but have not been efficiently promoted 3.1.2 Main difficulties in agricultural production of Phu Tho Province - Purchasing power for agrocultural products is not quite high, especially for high-quality and clean agricultural products - Agricultural land area is limited and the average agricultural land area per capita of Phu Tho Province is only equals to 63%-64% the average one of Vietnam On the other hand, badlands and sloping land area accounts for a high percentage (about 34% -35%) - Traditional agriculture is common accross the Province and is featured by crops and livestock with low productivity and quality and low competitiveness in domestic market (except for tea trees) - Local roads connecting concentrated production areas to focal roads have low quality whereas technical infrastructure system for agriculture is insufficient and has low quality - Phu Tho Province also suffers disadvantages like Northern mountainous provinces Area of sloping land and infertile land caused by washout is large (sloping land area accounts for about 34%-35% whereas infertile land area accounts for about 16%-17% of 15 total agricultural land area) Most of perennial crops growing area starts to undergo degradation so their productivity will decrease and quality will be lower Simultaneously, most of farmers engage in traditional and empirical farming and they face difficulties in agricultural and rural modernization as a result 3.2 Overview of agricultural development situation of Phu Tho Province during 2010 - 2018 period 3.2.1 Socio-economic development situation of Phu Tho Province Economy of Phu Tho Province took a big leap with GRDP growth rate of about 6.5%/year during 2011 - 2018 period However, among 14 Northern midland and mountainous provinces, in 2018, GRDP per capita (reaching VND 50.7 million) and labor productivity of Phu Tho Province (reaching VND 77 million) rank forth, following Thai Nguyen, Lao Cai, Bac Giang, but are still lower than the average one of Vietnam (approximately 76% GDP per capita) Phu Tho Province's rate of agriculture to GRDP reduces by about 1.1%/year in average (whereas Vietnam's rate of agriculture to GRDP reduces by 0.46%/year in average) Although Phu Tho Province's economic structure is more advanced than Northwestern and Northern midland and mountainous provinces but its agriculture sector still accounts for more percentage than the average one of Vietnam 3.2.2 Overview of actual state of agricultural development of Phu Tho Province During 2011 - 2018 period, although agriculture value added of the Province increases by about 4.5%-5.2%/year, it fails to suit potential of the Province Percentage of added value of agricultural products non-agricultural products 16 Figure 3.1: Percentage of agriculture value added of Phu Tho Province during 2010 - 2018 period In years (2011 - 2018), percentage of cultivation only decreases by 8.3% (this means a decrease of about 1.3% per year) Percentage of animal husbandry only climbs by about 0.68% per year whereas percentage of agricultural services grows very slowly (only by about 0.27%) Such change of agricultural production structure is slow Table 3.10: Some criteria regarding agricultural labor in average Criteria Unit 2010 2015 Agriculture value VND 5.4 6.6 added/agricultural labor million Percentage of GRDP per capita of % 41.1 44.3 the Province* Agricultural product VND 0.55 0.72 value/agricultural labor million Agricultural product export USD/ 15.8 25.6 value/agricultural labor person Foodstuff (cereal)/agricultural Kg 334.8 337.3 labor Processed pork, poultry Kg 67.5 90.7 meat/agricultural labor Egg/agricultural labor Egg 86 116 Source: The Statistics Office of Phu Tho Province in 2015 and 2018 Growth rate of agricultural and rural population is about 0.8%-1%/year whereas agriculture value added only increases by about 4.9%/year so standard of living of local people has not been improved much 2018 7.6 46.8 0.86 28.6 344.1 98.3 120 17 3.3 Actual state of agricultural land use efficiency of Phu Tho Province 3.3.1 Situation of agricultural land use during 2011 - 2018 period During 2011 - 2018 period, agricultural land area grows by about 3.77 thousand hectares/year Despite change in agricultural land area, there is no breakthrough change in crops and livestock Rice growing land area accounts for the highest percentage of total land area in the Province throughout 2011-2018 period whereas fruit tree growing land area jump significantly (Pomelo is a specialty fruit tree whereas focal trees have not been identified) and industrial perennial plant growing land area falls (tea is the main tree) 3.3.2 Actual state of agricultural land use efficiency of Phu Tho Province during 2010 - 2018 period 3.3.2.1 General comments a) Achievements: During 2011 - 2018 period, agricultural land use efficiency tends to be improved If the efficiency in 2018 is compared with that in 2010, the change in efficiency will be changed as follows in eight years: (1) Agriculture value added/hectare of agricultural land increases by about 1.4 times; (2) Agriculture value added/agricultural land increases by about 1.6 times; (3).Agriculture value added/agricultural labor increases by about 1.4 times;(4) Agricultural goods value/hectare of agricultural land increases by about 1.57 times b) Main limitations: The most fundamental limitation of agricultural land use efficiency in Phu Tho Province is failure to create factors for significant efficiency improvement Area for development of hi-tech agricultural products is limited whereas agricultural land use efficiency varies by localities Although some 18 models for efficient agricultural land use such as hi-tech application, production of clean and high-quality agricultural products have been launched, they have not get much attention and have not been duplicated as well On the other hand, local people have insufficient fund to develop hi-tech agriculture whereas sloping land is efficiently used in some areas but in small size with tea as the main tree 3.3.2.2 Assessment in criteria: Based on calculation of criteria based on formulas specified in Chapter 2, the author calculates and assesses efficiency criteria: a) In Phu Tho Province, use efficiency for industrial perennial plan growing land is highest (scientific and technological advances are applied to cultivation of tea and sumac for better productivity) Value added per hectare of crops growing land varies In 2018, value generated from one hectare of fruit tree growing land and industrial perennial plant growing land is 1.64 times and 1.72 times as much as value generated from one hectare of annual plant growing land, respectively b) The number of agricultural labors jumps by about 0.8% whereas agriculture value added increases by 5% so the number of poor people falls by about 25% (from 33%-34% to about 7.9%) but actual standard of living of farmers is poor (in opinion of many economic experts, standard of living of local people will not be improved if local population rises by about 1% and GRDP climbs by about 4%) c) During 2011 - 2018 period, criteria of efficiency generally show that agricultural land use efficiency is low but tends to go up 19 Table 3.19: Some criteria of agricultural land use efficiency in Phu Tho Province during 2011 - 2018 period (price in 2010) Criteria Unit 2010 2015 2018 Agriculture value added/hectare of agricultural land Agriculture value added/agricultural labor Agriculture value added/agricultural labor Agriculture value added/hectare of agricultural land Percentage of agricultural product value VND million 39.9 51.2 57.9 Criteria in 2018 in compariso n with that in 2010, times 1.5 The average increase from 2011 to 2018,% 4.5 VND million VND million VND million 13.1 17.4 21.2 1.6 6.1 5.4 6.6 7.9 1.4 5.2 5.9 8.0 9.1 1.6 5.9 % 10.8 11.5 12.5 1.1 1.5 Source: The author collects from data of the Statistics Office of Phu Tho Province in 2010 and 2018 3.3.3 Reasons for limitations and shortcomings in low agricultural land use efficiency in Phu Tho Province a) Subjective reasons: Authorities of Phu Tho Province has not assessed agricultural land use efficiency, has not reformed agricultural development orientation and agricultural land use structure and has failed to apply sciences and technologies to development of new agricultural products Investments has not facilitated efficient agricultural development (During 2011 - 2018 period, agriculture sector accounts for about 19%-20% of total GRDP of the Province whereas total capital of investment in agriculture only accounts for about 3% of total social investment capital) Agricultural work allocation is inadequate and has not been significantly changed (during 2011 - 2018 period, rate of agricultural labors to total social labors only decreases by over 7%) and quality 20 of Phu Tho Province's agricultural human resource is very poor (the number of trained labors only accounts for about 7.9%) b) Objective reasons: Laws and policies on agricultural land use are extremely inadequate whereas market factors, extreme weather and climate conditions appear with higher intensity and more regular interval CHAPTER SOLUTIONS AGRICULTURAL LAND USE TO IMPROVEMENT EFFICIENCY IN OF PHU THO PROVINCE TOWARDS 2030 4.1 Bases for determination of solutions to improvement of agricultural land use efficiency in Phu Tho Province towards 2030 In order to avoid repetitions, besides bases specified in Chapter (theoretical issues and empirical and practical surveys for improvement of agricultural land use efficiency), the author further presents overview of important issues that decide selection of solutions to improvement of agricultural land use efficiency 4.1.1 Context affecting agricultural land use efficiency in Phu Tho Province: a) Local agricultural product market, b) Ability to access agricultural product market in Hanoi and overseas 4.1.2 Orientation of agricultural development towards 2030 4.1.2.1 Agricultural development viewpoint:Consider efficiency and sustainability as top priorities for development in general and agricultural development in particular, keep developing agriculture towards large-sized commodity production, apply high technologies, improve product quality, added value, promote export; 21 Develop agriculture for farmers and prosperity of the Province; Develop agriculture in an organized manner and based on modern technologies; Closely link agriculture with other sectors; Determine comparative advantages Table 4.5: Comparison of competitiveness and consumption of agricultural products between Phu Tho Province and other provinces in Hanoi market Phu Thai Son Hoa Tho Nguyen La Binh Tea x xx x Beef x x x xx Super lean pork xx xx x x Cow's milk x xx xx x Poultry eggs xx xx - x High-quality vegetables xx xx x x xx x x xx Comparison criteria Fresh fruits (orange, mandarin, banana, etc) Pomelo xx x Source: The author: xx: High competitiveness; x: medium competitiveness; -: uncompetitive 4.1.2.2 Agricultural development orientation for more significant contribution to economic development of Phu Tho Province a) Agricultural development targets Table 4.6: Forecast of some agricultural development targets of Phu Tho Province towards 2030 Criteria Unit 2018 2025 2030 Increase, decrease 22 in 12 years Rate of agriculture to total GRDP of the Province Growth rate of agriculture value added Increase of main tree productivity from baseline % 21.4 18.4** 17.0 -4.4 % 3.8 4.5** 5.0 +1.2 time 1.7 2.5 +1.5 Source: Statistical data is collected in 2018 b) Orientation on reform of agricultural production structure - Assess appropriateness of local land types to regionally allocate trees (sub-zones/districts and inter-districts) in the Province - Develop hi-tech agriculture and gradually develop organic agriculture - Reform viewpoints and thoughts of agricultural production structure development in Phu Tho Province; Use agricultural land "economically"; Use land and water economically; - Reform agricultural production structure towards: (1) Increase percentage of agricultural products; (2) Increase percentage of agricultural products applying high technologies and associated with processing industry - Develop focal agricultural products associated with formulation of agricultural production value chain (Based on utilization of potential and comparative advantages for agricultural development and market forecast and productivity of some local advanced production facilities, the author proposes orientation for crops and livestock reform in Phu Tho Province in the future) 23 - Orient development of main agricultural fields in Phu Tho Province (cultivation; animal husbandry; agricultural services) - Role of agriculture sector will be clearly shown if the above development orientation is followed (view table) Table 4.14: Contribution of agriculture sector to economic growth of Phu Tho Province Criteria Unit 2011-2018 2019-2025 2026-2030 Increase in total GRDP of the Province VND billion 6,980 22,686 29,492 Separate: Agriculture VND billion 1,075.1 3,368 3,918 % 15.4 15.5 16.0 VND billion 5,904.9 19,318 25,574 + Compared with total GRDP in percentage + Non-agriculture Compared with total VND 84.6 84.5 84.0 GRDP in percentage billion Source: The author, the Statistics Office of Phu Tho Province during 2011-2018 period 4.1.3 Orientation on strategic partner selection for cooperation in commodity agriculture development in Phu Tho Province 4.2 Some solutions to improvement in agricultural land use efficiency in Phu Tho Province The author considers that it is necessary to consistently adopt the following main solutions to improve agricultural land use efficiency in Phu Tho Province 24 4.2.1 Solution no 1: Improvement of the State management efficiency in agricultural land and agricultural development focuses on: 4.2.1.1 Completing the State management and improving quality of management personnel 4.2.1.2 Reforming policies on agricultural production management and agricultural land use 4.2.1.3 Promoting development of agricultural enterprises and co-operatives 4.2.1.4 Promoting domestic and international cooperation in agricultural production 4.2.1.5 Developing image, promoting investment and trade 4.2.1.6 Promoting agricultural development towards production of clean and organic agricultural products 4.2.2 Solution no 2: Reform of agricultural land use structure Reform of agricultural land use structure in Phu Tho Province must comply with the following fundamental principles: - Formation of focal agricultural products of the Province -Short-term and long-term efficiency of not only agricultural production but also economy of the Province - Industrialization and modernization-based intensive development facilitates mechanization, large-sized and high-quality commodity production to ensure sufficient materials for processing industry - In conformity with development stages Reform must be scientifically stable and firm 4.2.3 Solution no 3: Development of advanced agricultural production models 25 a) Development of production value chain for agricultural products b) Development of agricultural and industrial production complexes c) Development of smart agricultural models adapted to climate change d) Development of farms, household farming, agricultural household business based on VietGAP and GlobalGAP e) Development of a system of agricultural co-operatives Scientific researches Production or breed import Cultivation and harvesting Processing Consumption Supply of information, materials, equipment, power, water, transport, bank credit (farmers can apply for, if any) Market and distribution Figure 4.1: Agricultural production value chain applied in Phu Tho Province 4.2.4 Solution no 4: Increase of size and reform of investment structure for agricultural development: Investment in agricultural development must be reformed towards production development and scientific and technological application to form focal agricultural 26 products of the Province Rate of capital of agricultural investment to total social investment capital needs to be increased from about 2.9% at present to 5.5%-6% during 2019 - 2030 period 4.2.5 Solution no 5: Improvement of quality of human resource in agricultural production: By 2030, the number of trained labors and trained agricultural labors of the Province needs to account for about 55% and about 35% of total labors in the Province, respectively Especially, about 5850 entrepreneurs in agricultural production need to be trained 4.3 Assessment of possibility of efficient agricultural land use in Phu Tho Province towards 2030: If agricultural development and agricultural land use orientation is followed and solutions proposed by the thesis are successfully adopted, agricultural land use efficiency will be significantly improved Agriculture value added per hectare, agricultural labor productivity, agricultural product value per hectare of agricultural land, agriculture value added per agricultural labor, etc in 2030 is 1.89 times, 2.11 times, 3.32 times, 2.64 times as much as that in 2018, respectively It is noted that agriculture value added per agricultural labor equals to 70% of GRDP per capita in average of the province If agriculture value added from agricultural product processing and services, GRDP per rural labor will be equal to 85%-87% of the average GRDP per capita of the Province 27 CONCLUSION i) Research of agricultural land use efficiency is an important and necessary issue and requires firm theoretical and practical background ii) The thesis states that Phu Tho Province has a great potential of agricultural land characterized by traditional production of domestically well-known agricultural products but agricultural land use efficiency in this Province is low It is necessary to consistently adopt five solutions to efficiently use agricultural land, namely: a) Improvement of the State management efficiency in agricultural land and agricultural development The State effectiveness and efficiency need enhancing and the most important is that agricultural extension policies must be issued to provide sufficient land use and well facilitate mechanization; b) Reform of agricultural land use structure towards increase of area for development of crops and livestock with high productivity, quality, added value and commodity value; c) Development of advanced agricultural production models such as production value chain and agricultural and industrial production complex to modernize agricultural production in Phu Tho Province in the future; d) Increase of size and reform of investment structure for agricultural development, attraction of FDI and domestic economic corporations for agricultural production modernization in Phu Tho Province in the future; e) Improvement of quality of human resource in agricultural production, agricultural production development towards green development with high economic value and added value and then improvement of standard of living of local people in general and rural people in particular, etc 28 LIST OF THE AUTHOR’S PUBLISHED SCIENTIFIC WORKS RELATED TO THE THESIS TOPIC Tran Quyet Chien (2018), “Improvement of agricultural land use efficiency for enrichment of Phu Tho Province”, Proceedings of the National Conference: Local economic development, opportunities, challenges and development orientation in the context of globalization and Industry 4.0, held by National Economics University and Hung Vuong University, Volume page 249, 2018 Tran Quyet Chien (2017), “Improvement of agricultural land use efficiency in Phu Tho Province”, Economics and Forecast Magazine, issue June, 2017 (657), page 74 Tran Quyet Chien (2017), “Reform of agricultural land use structure in Phu Tho Province”, Economics and Forecast Magazine, issue 12 April, 2017 (652), page 115 ... THANG LOI PHD CAO NGOC LAN Reviewer 1: Assoc Prof, Dr Bui Van Huyen Reviewer 2: Prof Phd Nguyen Thanh Do Reviewer : Assoc Prof, Dr Tran Nguyen Tuyen The thesis will be defended before the Thesis... and future agricultural land use efficiency; clarify some theoretical issues such as concepts, attributes of agricultural land use efficiency and assessment criteria for agricultural land use... components Source: The author + Agricultural land use efficiency will be changed in time, space, from bottom to top and at discretion of people 2.1.2 Factors affecting agricultural land use efficiency