Bài viết Đổi mới quản lý kinh tế của nhà nước trong bối cảnh mới trình bày 3 nội dung chính tư duy mới vè quản lý kinh tế Nhà nước, thực tiễn quản lý kinh tế nhà nước ở Việt Nam, một số đề nghị điều chỉnh và bổ sung về quy định quản lý kinh tế của Chính phủ trong Hiến pháp và Luật Tổ chức Chính phủ,... Mời các bạn cùng tham khảo.
MOI TRiriTNG - KINH DOANH D D D D D6I MOI QUAN L? KINH T ^ CCIA NHA NI/OC TRONG BOI CANH MOI Nguyin Minh Phong * Han 10 ndm truoc, thi gidi ticng chung kiin su vd' mau chdng cda h^ thdng kinh ti ke hogch hda tgp trung theo md hinh Xd Viit tiing tdn tgi gdn 80 ndm Vdo nhiing thdng cudi ndm 2008, can bao tdi ehinh phd Wall bung phdt vdi nhiing ldc xody dH ddi, gdy mdl dn dinh vd suy thodi kinh ti todn cdu, dgt nhieu bdi todn phuc tap chua cd tiin 1$, ddi hdi nhiing phdi hgp quy md qudc ti vd nhiing tdn phi gidi ciiu tri gid nhiiu ngdn ty USD dd trd thdnh su kien chua ticng cd nhu "gigt nude ldm trdn ly", hg be vd huy hogi khdng thuang tiic "cdc gid tri My" vdn di cao sdng kien cd nhdn vd khd ndng tu diiu chinh cda cdc thi chi thi trudng tu Cdng hudng cua su kien lich su mang tinh todn cdu da gidng lin hdi chudng cdnh tinh, bdo hiiu mdt thi gidi dang biin ddi, khdng ed ngogi le "miin dich dd vd"cho bdt ky mdt tap dodn-"dgi gia" kinh ti-tdi chinh cUng nhu bdt ky mdt thi chi kinh ti-chinh trj ndo (dii la sieu cudng hdng ddu thi gidi) khdng tdn trgng cdc quy ludt kinh ti-xd hgi khach quan, doi hdi cdn cd mgt tu mai thich Ong vi bdn tay qudn ly kinh ti ciia Nhd nude ticng qudc gia, cung nhu tren todn the gidi Tu mdi vl quan ly kinh te Nhd nut^c Sau dgi khiing hodng cudi nhung ndm 1920, nude Myti-5iday nhd phdt cao ngpn cd ty kmh doanh da thu dupe lpi nhudn khong Id tir budn ban vu khi, quy ty ede ddng vdn dau hi va ddng thdc vang (chilm70% ' Nguyin Minh Phong, Tiln sT kinh tl, Vi^n NghiSn cmi phit trien kinh tl - xS h^i Hi Nf i Sei 45 (1+2/2012) tdng dy trii todn thi gidi) chdy vl My Cupe khimg hodng tdi chinh 2008 bOe 10 nhihig tin hifu vd dpng thai chua timg c6, ddnh dau budc ngo§t xudng dde thdi ky hodng kim ehii nghia tu ban ty do, eiing nhu vai trd sidu cudng kinh te & tdi chinh todn edu ciia My (nude My ludn cd ty trpng gin VA sdn lupng todn thi gidi,: 32 % vdo ndm 1913; 26 % ndm 1960; 22 % ndm 1980; 27% ndm 2000 va 26 % ndm 2008, ddng thdi chidm 1/5 tdng nhdp khdu todn can) Hoa Ky ludn, Id trung tam tdi ehinh Idn nhat vd cimg Id nguon ddng ndng phdt tridn mgnh nhat ciia the gidi nhieu thap nien; Neu nhu su Igm dyng cho vay dudi chudn (dupe Chinh phu My dung tiing) vd bimg nd ede edng eu np phdi sinh trdn thj tnrdng tdi chinh todn cdu, gay tinh trgng dau co qua miie va mdt khd ndng todn eiia thj trudng bat ddng sdn Id cdn nguyen tryc tiep, thi the che thj trudng ty cao dp, thien vj Ipi ich cd nhan vd cue bO, ndi Idng kidm sodt vT md ddi vdi cdc hoat dpng kinh te d My mdi Id nguyen nhan sau xa vd chinh ban than cdc the chd Igi td bdt lyc trude dgi hdng thuy De khde phue khiing hodng, Chinh phii My da vd dang di theo nguydn Iy "chu dpng sir dung bdn tay nhd nude" cua kinh tl chinh tri hpc Mdc-xft, didu md chinh hp da tiing sue tuydn truyen va Idi keo ca thd gidi TBCN chdng lai sudt thd ky XX Theo gucng My, "Lifu phdp bdn tay kinh td Nhd nude" ciing Ian rpng sang mpt logt nude kinh tl thj trudng phdt triln Cdc nude Anh, Bi, Hd Lan, QUAN Lt KINH TE I ^ J ^ W6lTRI>BNG KINH DOANH Ph4p, Due, Iceland, NMt B4n, Italia v4 EU d3 cung b ^ cAch d6i ph6 V(5ri khiing hodng vi thong nh^t phdi diing strc m ^ vh bdn tay Nhd nu6c de gidi curu cdc nen Icinh te thj tru£mg quoc gia, ciing nhu Ichu v\rc Th\rc te cho th^y, siic m^nh mu qudng kh6 lu6ng ciia thj truimg dien Ichi thi^u ho$c chdm sir dyng bdn tay Nhd nir6c m^nh Dinh Icien thi truimg bat khd xdm phjun cua h$ th6ng kinh te-tdi chinh quoc te, vdi tu tuimg "tv vd ddn chii" bdo ddm cho su 6n djnh tien trinh phdt trien the gi6i, duimg nhu dang lay d^ng t§n goc; d$c bi^t, gid tri vd sire hap din ciia "mo hinh My" ngdy cdng nh^t nh6a Vi$c chuyen sang mpt chu ky m(!ri cua chinh trj-kinh te My vd the gidri tu bdn Id di^u khSng trdnh kh6i Bp truong tdi chinh Diic khing dinh "Thj gicH sS khong thj tro lai thiri diem trude khiuig hodng tdi chinh ph6 Wall, My sS mit vi the cuimg qu6e h$ thong tdi chinh thi gidi He thong tdi chinh thi gioi sg tro nen da cyc" Tong th6ng Phdp Sarkozy timg chi trich su don gian thdi qua cua chu nghia "tan e6 dijn", vdi tu "thi truimg sS tir diju tiet tit cd", "nSn kinh ta thi truimg hf diju chinh mpi vin di", "thi trudng luon cd ly", "kmh te cd Slic manh tu dieu tijt" C.Fred Bergsten, Gidm ddc Vi?n kinh ti qu6e ti Peterson, cho ring "vdi ede djnh ehe md chiing ta cd hi?n nay, khong mpt djnh chi nao ed du lue de thvc hi|n nhihig gidi phdp todn cau" Cdc ti chiic IMF vd WB ddng vai tro trung lam gidi quyjt khimg hodng tdi chinh chau A trude day, khdng cdn vai trd nhu the doi vdi khung hodng tdi ehinh d My Bdn than Lien Hpp Qu6e cung dang d6i mdi cd ve t6 chire vd phuong thiie hojt d0ng trade nhiju bdt cjp md khong thi hf minh vugl qua Nhieu nha Idnh dao cdc qudc gia phdt trien ngdy cdng tim thiy tijng ndi ehung, ciing nhan manh gidi phdp cdn bdn cho cupc khiuig hodng hien Id "tim sit can bing mdi gifia vai trd eiia Nha nude vd th; traimg" Tu ^ OUAN Lf KINH Tl B | Mdl KINH T f CCiA NHA Nl/dC mdi vi bdn tay ciia Nhd nude the gidi dang bijn doi ngdy cdng d$m n6t Thi gidi dang budc vdo thiri d?i kinh ti thj truimg ed diiu tiit thich hpp eiia chinh phii vd kiem sodt vT md d cap todn cau, d6i hdi eao hon vi tdng cuimg vai trd ciia luat phdp, chi tdi, diiu tiet nhd nude, kiem soat cdc the che thj truimg, thit ch$t cho vay tin dyng, thiet l^p h^ thdng thdng tin cdng khai, minh b^ch, phdt trien ede edng ey du bdo, cdnh bdo vd trimg ph^t cde sai trdi vd gian lan Tu mdi v3 bdn tay nhd nude dd vd dang ngdy cdng rd n^t, bao qudt vd chi phii todn di?n ho^t ddng mpi llnh vye ciia ddi sing kinh te xd h0i quic te vdi nhfing biiu hi$n tr6n cdc mjt; a Khdng y ehi, gido dieu, cyc doan, hodc qud nhin m^nh vd tuypt doi hda vai tr6 ehi huy tjp trung, mang tinh dp ddt mpt chiiu eua Nhd nude, hojc thd nil, d^t todn bp qui trinh phdt trien kinh te theo sy dan dit mang tinh diu CO, mil qudng, "bay ddn" eao ciia tin hieu vd siic m ^ thj tradng ty do, qud nhan m^uih lpi ich tu nhan, eye b$ vd ngin h?n Ndi cdch khde, cin vo bdng ed hai bdn tay nhd nude vd thj trudng, khong the chi hoan hd bing bdn tay Vin di then chit cho mpt nen kinh te thdnh cdng Id md hinh phdt triin dirprc lya chpn phii hpp ed vdi bii canh quoc te, lin cdc dieu ki^n Ijch sii cy thi nude, eho ph^p khai md, cpng hirdng cao nhit tiim ndng vd hipu qud cdc nguin lire phdt trien cd d vd ngodi nude; tham gia sdm, ngdy cdng ch^t ehS vd hipu qud vio "chuoi gid trj gia tdng todn ciu" D ^ bi;t, ein phdt trien tiem ndng vd ty cd nhan; s}f hpp tde vd thjnh vupng vi kinh ti; ding thu^n, ddn chil vd gin kit ve xd hOi mgt the gidi ngdy cdng "phdng"; hda hpp vd thin thipn hem vdi mdi tnrdng dupe eoi Id try c$t hpp thdnh chii yiu, vita Id mye tieu, viia 14 d§ng luc phdt trien cila vdn minh nhan lo?i ducmg dai Saf45 luims D6I MOI KINH Tf COA NHA NL/dC b Chii dpng tham khdo, dan xen vd ph6i hpp ehinh sdch giOa cde quoc gia khu vye, eiing nhu todn cau vdi miie tdng tiln cimg ehilu vdi gia tdng kh6i lupng trao d6i quoc tl, song phuang, da phuong ede ITnh vuc thuang mai, dau tu, djch vy vd lao dpng Theo dd, e4n coi trpng ydu elu vd thiic d^y vifc hodn thifn dinh chi qudn ly qu6c gia vd qudc tl cde qud trinh phoi hpp vd trao ddi, dd gia tdng siie mgnh, khd ndng vd hidu qud gidi quyet cdc vdn dl cd d t ^ qudc gia, khu vuc vd todn cdu Dang qua ddn thdi md mdi nude ddng cira de ty gidi quylt nhihig van dd phdt tridn cda rieng minh, dii dd Id vdn dd nhd nhAt va nude dd Id Idn, mgnh nhat the gidi L Vai tro dau tu tryc tiip, eiing nhu try ept phdt trien cua Nhd nude ngdy edng gidm hodc dupe dinh hudng vdo ho trp phdt trien ddu tu tu nhdn Tuy nhien, Nha nude cd vai trd ngdy cdng to Idn cupc chidn vdi cdc chan ddng ca cau hodc chu ky kinh td bdt phdt, nhdt Id Ichiing hodng tdi chinh-ngan hang, cho du nd xdy d hay ngoai nude, tir nguyen nhdn khdng tryc tidp Id sai lam ciia chinh phu bode khu vuc kinh td nhd nude day, khdng the coi nhe bat luan trudng hpp ndo vd vdo thdi didm nao vai trd ciia cdng tdc thdng tin, dy bdo vd gidm sdt, eanh bdo an todn, nhdt la an todn he thdng tdi chinh-ngdn hdng; phai tinh tdo vdi tdc dpng Ian tda, ddy chuyin ed tinh mdt eiia cdc bidn cd vd chinh sdch kinh tl trdn thj hTidng Cdn ddp ngdi khung hodng tir nd mdi nhen nhiim, thay vi da thdnh ddm chdy manh vd lan rdng d Bdn tay diiu chinh cua nhd nude eJln chuyen dich theo hudng gidm can thif p hdnh chinh, true tiip, dl ehuydn sang phuang thiie gidn tidp, mang tinh dinh hudng yd gidm sdt nhidu han, vira tudn thii cde ydu eau vd Ipi ich thi trudng, vira khdng Idm xdu di sy dn djnh kinh tl vT md vd bdo ddm hai hda Ipi ich qud trinh phdt triln; khdng Igm dung siie chju dyng vd d6 gdnh ndng khimg Sd 45 (1+2/2012) MOI TRUtfNG KINH DOANH FtWH hodng len ngudi ddn Ngodi ra, e^n tdng cudng vai trd ede logi quy binh on thj trudng vd sii dyng linh hoat cdc edng ey np, biin np xau thdnh chiing khodn cd the mua-bdn trdn thj Irudng np Id mpt ede lya chpn can thiet vd hifu qud Tdm lai, thi gidi mdi dang dinh hinh, ddi hdi tu mai thich ung vi bdn tay qudn ly ciia Nhd nude thuc hiin nguyin tdc kinh ti thi trudng, trdnh cue doan, phiin diin nhgn thuc, tdng cuong phdi hap ddng bg cdc cdng cu vd cap dd qudn ly, gidm sdt chdt chS vd chu d0ng xu tri kip thdi mat trdi ciia ehinh sdch lua chgn th{cc tiin bdng hgp luc cua sice mgnh td chuc vd tdi chinh, vdi vai trd trung tdm Id Nhd nude Thuc tien quan ly Idnh te nhd nu&c it Vift Nam Qud trinh Ddi mdi vd su dyng "Ban tay Nhd nude" qudn Iy phdt trien KT-XH eiia Vift Nam ehiu dnh hudng ciia xu hudng phdt tridn vd tu ve vai tro Nha nude mang tinh todn cau Thuc td cho thay, "Ban tay Nhd nude" vd ea bdn ddn nhan vd bat nhip dupe xu the ehung eua thd gidi, nhd dd da gdp phdn cheo Idi diing hudng vd vihig vdng eon thuydn kinh td vuot qua thdc ghdnh, kho khdn vd thdch thiic de ngdy cang ciing cd the vd lye trdn hdnh trinh vuon dgi duong, hdi nhdp eimg ban bd ndm chdu, b6n bien Bdn tay Nhd nude Vift Nam thudng hoc lp tap trung vd cd thdm ca hdi hodn thidn xdy cdc chdn dpng kinh tl-tdi chinh mgnh vd ngodi nude Vdo nhimg nam 19861992, 1997-2000 vd 2007-2008, Vift Nam da phdt huy Slic mgnh tich eye eua hf thong ehinh trj de xir ly nguyen nhdn vd hdu qud lam phdt eao hode cdc biin e^ thj trudng bde phdt, giii viing sy dn djnh ciia ddi song KTXH dat nude Ddc bift, ndm 2008 chinh phu da diing edm nhan thiic lai mue tidu vd ydu cau qudn Iy nhd nude chu dpng khdng djnh uu tien trude mdt Id kidm chd lam phdt, 6n djnh kinh tl vT md, kd cd phdi gidm bdt tdc QUAN Lt KINH T£ f j ^ ^ MOI THU&NG KINH DOANH dp tdng trudng GDP, thu h?p diu tu cdng Chinh phii c4n t§p trung chi dgo vd ph6i hpp chdt che cdc ngdnh sir dyng dong bp, linh hogt cdc gidi phdp hdnh chinh vd thj trudng Nhu vdy, dpng lyc vd uy tin "thuang hifu Viet" ngdy cdng dupe cung co sy nhin nhgn vd lya ehpn ciia thi gidi; A-lanh Grin-Xpen-nguydn Chii tjeh Cyc Dy trii Lien bang My, ngudi dupe mf nh danh Id "phil thiiy eiia kinh le My", cho rdng: Chinh phil Vift Nam dd di diing hudng vifc dp dyng nhdm gidi phdp nhdm kiem che Igm phat, on djnh kinh te vi md dl xdy dyng niem tin eiia nhan ddn, trdnh dua nhthig thdng tin bdt lpi, tgo du lugn xia, gdy tdm ly hoang mang nhdn ddn Phd Chu tjeh Ngdn hdng Thi gidi (WB), James Adam, nhgn dinh: "Vift Nam dd cd nhihig bdi hpc ve dieu hanh kinh te vT md dl kilm ehi, gidm lam phdt, qua dd tri tdng trudng, mpi khd khan dang dupe khde phuc ddn din Chinh phil da cd nhiing quylt dinh thieh hpp, hdnh dpng quylt lift kidm chi Igm phdt vd dgt dupe nhieu kdt qud Din gid van ehua cd dau hifu nii ro ndo cde quylt dinh" Cdn Bo-no-dich Bin-ham, dgi difn IMF tgi Viet Nam cho rdng: "cau chuyfn cdi cdch kinh te cdng mpt giai dogn ddi ciia Vidt Nam tgo dupe siic hiit doi vdi cdc nha ddu tu tryc tiip nude ngodi" Cd thi ndi, mdc ddu cdn tidp tyc doi mdt vdi nhieu thdch thiic, song Vift Nam dd, dang vd sl tiep tyc ddi mdi, hpi nhdp vd phdt triln, hudng den mpt tuang lai ngdy cdng tot d?p han Cho dii ed nhthig thdnh edng, song tren thyc td cd ve nhdn thiic, chinh sdch, thi chi va phuang thirc td chiic hogt dpng ciia "bdn tay Nha nude" d Vift Nam van cdn mpt so phirc tgp, bdt cap sy dan xen giua edi mdi chua dupe luan giai, khdng djnh va hinh thdnh day dii, dong bp, nhat qudn, vdi cdi cu vin dang t6n tai, hodc chua dupe doi mdi kjp thdi Ca che Ddng^ Idnh dgo, nhd nude qudn Iy h-ong nen kinh tl thj trudng djnh hudng xd hdi chii nghia vd tdng cudng hpi nhdp kinh td QUAN Lt KINH T£ D | Mdl KINH T f C O A N H A NUOC quoc te chua thgt rd rdng NOi dung, phuong thirc, miic dp qudn I^ nhd nude doi vdi cdc khu vye kinh te cdn ehua thong nhdt vd thilu hifu qud; cdn nhieu bat cgp phdn cap va phoi hpp qudn ly nhd nude Vifc tdeh chiic ndng qudn ly nhd nude vdi chiic ndng kinh doanh ciia doanh nghifp cdn chgm; chd truang, ehinh sdch ehua dupe thi che hda bdng cdc kl hogch, ca ehe, trdch nhifm triln, khai cy the, kip thdi vd hifu qud Cdng tdc thdng tin, dy bdo kinh te vd qudn I^ chit lupng phdt trien theo hudng bin viing c6ii nhieu liing tiing, khdng it llnh vye bj budtm Idng; nhiiu tiem ndng vd ngu6n lyc can thiet cho phdt trien ehua dupe khai thdc vd sd dyng hifu qud Dd ndng eao ndng lyc, hifu lyc vd hifu qud qudn ly Nhd nude qud trinh phdt triln KT-XH, nhdm vupt qua cde euf c khung hodng the gidi dang biin doi todn difn va nhanh chdng, "Lieu phdp bdn tay Nh^ nude" d Vift Nam can dupe hodn thifn theo phuang hudng vd npi dung trpng tdm sau: u Tiep tue ldm ro ca sa ly lugn vd thuc lien vi mgt sd vdn de mdi chu truang phdt triin vd qudn ly Nhd nuac Do nhgn thiic Id mpt qud trinh, cin dfii^ edm ggt bd djnh kidn, tudng vl quydn lyc Nhd nude; Igm dyng ea chi xin cho, nhihig lpi ich eye bp ngdn hgn ciia tu nhifm k^; thidu tdn trpng sdng tgo de xuat hpp I^ ciia co sd vd cap dudi xay dyng vd thong nhit hf gid trj chuin qu6c gia, cd vd chinh trj, kinh te, xd hpi; dam bdo tit cd chinh sdch, nhihig gi chiing ta can phdn bidt diing/sai phdi theo chuan myc ehung, trdnh ngp nhgn hogc bj nhiiu ve chan gid trj (tir eac gid trj nhan v3n to Idn ciia ly tudng XHCN, cua gid trj ng^ ndm vdn hien ciia ddn tpc vd nhan logi, cung nhu ciia cdc gid tri thj trudng), tgo tidu dich vd thudc tin cay djnh hudng, danh gid cdc hogt ddng kinh tl-xd hpi, dl tang cudng Idng tin va sy ddng thugn xd hpi rfi^ rdi nude va qudc tl, ke cd vdi Viet kidu Stf 45 (1+2/2012) D6I M I KINH T ^ COA NHA NL/OC Ddng thdi vdi d6i mdi cdn bdn cdng tdc edn bp, edn eoi vide xdy dyng cde thiet chi du hifu lye dl bdo vf lpi ich vd phdt huy Slic mgnh qude gia khai thdc vd sir dyng hifu qud nguon lyc quoc gia, cde dja phuang, nude vd qudc te eho phdt trien ben vung Dae bift, mOt chinh sdch tdi chinh-tien 1$ than trgng (khdng qud Idng, khdng qud chdt) ludn Id thyc te can thilt Viet Nam cin tiip tuc hgn chd vd nang cao han ntta hifu qud dau tu cdng, cua khu vye kinh te Nhd nude vd ehii d^ng tiep edn, tham gia, tri, khai thde sir dyng diing liic vd hifu qud cdc ca chi gidm sdt an todn tai chinh qu6c gia, khu vye vd qude te; chuyin mgnh chinh sdch bdo hg theo hudng khuyin khich phdt triin cdng nghiep phu trg vd tham gia vdo ehudi gid tri todn cdu; khuyin khich phdt triin cdc lap dodn Idnh ti da sa hOu, t ^ dodn kinh td tu nhan mgnh, hogt ddng xuydn qude gia, tgo nguon dpng lye mgnh vd miii ehu edng, dot phd qud trinh phdt tridn vd hdi nhdp M | TRUING KINH DOANH P l T f f i l qud vd minh bgeh, phan djnh va ldm ro cac quy chi phdp 1^ khde doi vdi cde loai ea quan; phdn rd quyIn han vd trdch nhifm ciia sd, ban, ngdnh vd vide phoi hpp vdi cdc t6 ehiic lien quan, khde phyc tinh trang qudn Iy chong ehdo, tranh cong, d6 tdi, diin day; lam rd trdch nhifm, tdng cudng gidm sdt vd ddnh gid edng vifc eiia co in cdc cap; phdn vd qudn ly theo quy hogch, ki hogch phdt edng phdn edp vd xde dinh trdch nhiim ro rdng triin KT-XH, phdt tridn ting ky thudt vd eho edp ca sa; khuyen khich vd thuc ddy cde xa hpi cd tinh md va thuc tiln cao; coi trpng edp chinh quyin ndng dgng, quyet lift ede chi tieu chat lucmg, bao qudt day du hon chi dgo diiu hanh, khde phyc tinh trgng ludi cac ngudn vdn, dja phuang vd ITnh vye, vira nghi, lam bira, ngai va thidu trdch nhifm, dam bdo tinh tap trung thdng nhdt, vira kich nggi khd, nd tranh vd Igm dyng, khdng tgp thich tinh chu dpng, sdng tgo vd phdn ung thj trung gidi quylt trift dd nhiing vy vide ndi trudng kip thdi cua cac dja phuang va ea sd; cpm, biic xiic tir mdi phdt sinh d xdc dinh ro dja chi td chiie vd cd nhdn, frdeh CO sd Ngodi ra, can ddi mdi can ban hf nhifm, thdi gian vd nguon lyc, eimg kd hogch thdng djnh miic, chi df chi tieu tdi chinh tdi chinh, vdi sy bdo ddm vd ho trp vl ehinh hudng din kit qua diu ra, dd cao trdch nhifm trj - hdnh chinh cin thilt thyc hifn vd ty chii ciia dan vj va cd nhdn vdi nhiing Xiic tiin nhanh, triet di han vi^c tach chi tdi vdt chit vd hanh chinh du sire mgnh chicc ndng qudn ly nhd nuffc vi kinh te vdi rdn de; ch6ng tuih trgng dp dung mdy mdc chuc ndng qudn ly sdn xudt kinh doanh, chiic gdy khd khan thuc hifn va qudn ly, ndng hdnh chinh vdi chiic ndng dich vy edng; ho^c ldm tdng tinh trang ndi doi, bien bdo xdy dung mdt nin hanh chinh hifn dgi, hifu Stf 45(1+2/2012) QUAN Lt KINH T£ I W ^ Hfll TBirtrHO KINH DOANH "hpp Iy" Id kd hd eho tham nhiing, thit thodt vd diu tu kdm hifu qud Xdy d^rng, phdt triin ddng bd thi trudng thi ehe hd trg vd qudn ly nhd nu&c; qudn tri^t ddy du hon nguyen tdc kinh ti thi Irudng qudn ly vd to chiic hogt dpng kinh te Nhd nude cin quan tdm vd tgo thu^n lpi cho phdt triln d^ng bp cdc logi thj trudng, nhit Id thi ehi thj trudng b^e eao (thi trudng CK, KH&CN, BDS vd thj trudng lao dpng cd t6 ehiie), ddm bdo hogt df ng nhjp nhdng vd gdn ket giiia cde thj trudng trdn dja bdn, thj trudng dja phuang vdi hf thong cd nydc vd quoc tl , dong thdi, d6i mdi to ehiic vd ca che hogt d§ng eiia cdc the ehe ho trp thj trudng, phdt trien vd tdng cudng vai trd cdc hif p hf i ngdnh nghe, edu Igc b$, cdc loai quj^, trung tam vd to ehiic NGO, tgo dieu kifn de cdc hifp hpi, doanh nghifp dupe ddng gdp y kidn xdy dyng, ban hdnh cde quy djnh qudn ly Nhd nude Xdy dyng hf thong tieu ehi vd phdt tridn ede djch vy ddnh gid xep hgng tin nhifm, ddnh gid va cdnh bdo khiing hodng phue vu qudn ly Nha nude vd kinh doanh; thiie ddy tdi cau triic khu vye doanh nghidp vd cdc hoat dfng lien kit, hpp tdc kinh te vd giGa cdc ngdnh, cac khu vye doanh nghifp, eung nhu giO-a cdc dia phuong, tinh thdnh cd nude Tudn thu dung quy trinh qudn ly Nhd nuac vi gid theo nguyen tdc thj trudng nhdm bdo ddm canh tranh Idnh mgnh, ngdn ch$n cdc hdnh vi Igm dyng vd d$c quyen, diu ca, bdn phd gid vd ede gian Ign thuang mgi; trdnh cdc sai lam, nhu: thd noi gid cd thj trudng h o ^ dieu chinh gid nude theo lp trinh kl hogch ciing nhde Ddc bift, cin tuan thii quy trinh vd nguyen tdc qudn Iy dl eho cgnh tranh thi trudng ddy du cung ung hdng hda, dich vu trude cho phip cde doanh nghi$p duge dfnh gid theo thi trudng Diiu ein luu y Id, niu chi h-d gid ca md khdng h-d sy cgnh tranh cin thilt ve cho thj trudng, hinh thdnh gid cd Id tgo ca hpi mang Igi Ipi ich d0c quydn kdp cho cdc doanh nghifp ^ QUAN LY KINH i f Q6\ Md! KINH T f COA N H A NUGC dang hode gin nhu d^c quyen; Trude mit, cin ndng cao ndng lyc vd hifu qud thyc tl ciia cdng tdc gidm sdt, kilm sodt vd xii \f sy dfc quyen vd cdc vi phgm vl gid tir phia cdc doanh nghifp vd cdc bdn cd lidn quan, ngdn chdn hifn tupng lam dyng tryc Ipi cd nhdn, thdm chi biin df c quyIn nhd nude thdnh dfc quyIn doanh nghifp, phudng h^i vd phe nhdm Thuc hi$n nghiim ddu thdu th\cc chat dif dn d^bi^t la nhimg dii dn duffc tdi trg bdng cdc ngudn l{ec cdng, cde hogt df ng mua sdm ehi tir ngu6n diu tu cdng vdi sy tham gia rpng rdi vd binh ddng cua khu vye doanh nghifp, chii khdng chi khep kin khu vye Nhd nude Coi trgng han niia vi^e chdng tham nhiing vd trgng dyng nguoi tdi Nhd nude can xay dyng mpt ca che chdng tham nhimg thyc chit, dan chu, kidn quylt vd hifu qud hon Dgc bift, phdi eoi chong tham nhiing cdng tic edn bp nhu mpt dpt phd mdi cua CCHC, vi chiing mang Igi moi nguy hai to Idn vd lau dai cho ddt nude lam xdi mdn Idng tin (nhit \i eua thi hf trd), huy hogi cdc ngudn lye quoc gia, Idm bgn bd the gidi xa Idnh vd dd vd khoi dgi dodn kit dan t$c, de dpa sy an toan ciia thi che vd dit nude c, Coi trgng cong tdc di/c bdo, thdng tin, phdn bi^n chinh sdch qudn ly Nhd nude Dy bdo tot giiip cdc ca quan qudn Iy nha nude chii d^ng vd nang eao hifu qud didu hdnh thyc tiln Do vgy cin coi trpng diing muc vd phdn bift rgch rdi gifl-a ydu ciu d\r bdo khdeh quan vdi myc tidu chinh sdch va ^ chi chii quan Dii bdo cin bdm sdt, cgp nhit vd dua dupe nhihig cdnh bdo ve xu hudng phdt triln mdi, cdc nguy ca tiem in vd bien dpng thj trudng cd d nude vd quoc te Ciing vdi dy bdo thj trudng, dy bdo, phan bif n xd h$i vd ddnh gia khdeh quan tdc dong mdt cua chfnh sach van dyng can dupe d^c bift quan tdm Do cdc to chtic chuyen nghi^ vd d$c \%p thyc hifn phdn hifn, theo ddt hang S(f 45 (1+2/2012) B6I Mdl KINH T ^ COA NHA NI/OC ciia edp cd tham guyen cd thd phdt hidn vd dl xuit gidi phdp nhdm gidm thilu nhthig tdn hgi tii lam dung kS hd chinh sdch hodc gdy edn hd vd phdt sinh cdc chi phi khdng cin thilt Idm lang phi cdc ngudn lye xd hpi hodc kdo dai chinh sdch dd bit cap tiudc nhiing biin chuyen mau Ip cua thyc tien, ndn ca chi phdn hifn ein dupe nhan mgnh Ngodi ra, vifc xdy dung hd thdng dii lifu thdng tin chuydn ngdnh tryc tiip phye vy cdng tde dy bdo kinh td, dam bdo tinh ehuyen nghifp vd sy phoi hpp dn khdp can cd giira cdc co quan chirc ndng vd cdc logi cdng cy dy bdo, gitia cdng tdc dy bdo vdi cdng tde to chuc thyc hifn, tuong tde giira khoa hpc dy bdo vdi nhthig dae diem ludt phdp vd KT-XH cua dit nude, ciing cdn dupe eoi trpng diing miie Tang cudng so vd chit lupng thdng tin vd phdt ngdn chinh thuc ciia Nhd nude, cua doanh nghiep khdp ndi, lidn thdng vdi hf thdng cdc chi sd thdng ke qudc gia hdng ndm, ddm bdo minh bach, da dgng, nhidu chiiu, dan chu; khac phyc tmh trgng thdng tin kinh te phan tdn, chia eat, rdi rgc, ddng bdng, thidu ehuan hod, nhat la khdng dupe bidn rdng rdi, cdng khai, gay khd khdn vd ddt dd cho cdc don vi vd ca nhan cd nhu ciu tiip can, khai thde vd sii dyng cung la gidi phdp gdp phan hgn chi ea hpi thu lpi bit chinh cua td chiic va cd nhdn qudn Iy thdng tin, ciing nhu Idm gidm siic canh tranh ciia nin kinh tl ho^c gay Idng phi nguon luc xd hpi d Bdm bdo su gdn kit hdi hda giiia phdt triin Idnh ti vdi quan tdm phdt triin vdn hda, gidi quyet cdc vdn di xd hgi vd mdi truang buc xuc, ndng eao chdt luang vd yiu cdu phdi triin bin vOng, bdo ve Igi ich qudc gia Hogt ddng qudn Iy nhd nude cin eoi trpng bdo dam hdi hod Ipi ich qud trinh phdt friln, gidm thidu chdnh biet giiia cdc ting Idp xa h^i, viing vd linh vye; uu tien phdt triln ngu^n nhan lye ehit lupng cao, cdc hogt ddng dam bdo xa hdi cd t6 chiic edng bdng vd hifu qud; nang cao vdn hod qudn I^ vd vdn hda kinh doanh Dac biet, cin hodn thien ca chi bdo vf Sir 45 (1+2/2012) M | TRirtfNG KINH DOANH P M l lpi ich quoc gia, dd dl eao vai hrd cua Chinh phii bdo vf ehii quyen vd lpi ich kinh tl quoc gia, cdc lpi ich lidn vimg, lidn ngdnh ddi hgn, nhit Id ve tdi nguydn, Idnh tho, hdu, eon ngudi, chi tieu vd tdi sdn cong, uy tin qudc gia, Idng tin xd hdi, eiing nhu long ydu nude vd tinh thin dodn kit, phdt huy siic mgnh cpng dong, cd hong vd ngodi nude, tit cd vi mpt Vift Nam ddn gidu, nude mgnh, xd hpi cdng bdng, dan chd, vdn minh Mpt so de nghj dieu chinh vd bS sung ve quy dinh qudn 1^ kinh te cua Chhih phu Hien phdp vd Lu^t To chirc Chfnh phu Thii nhat, dl nghi dieu ehinh vd bd sung quy djnh vi tri, chiie ndng ciia Chinh phii tgi Didu 109 Hien phdp nhu sau: "Chinh phu Id ea quan hdnh phdp eao nhdt cua nude Cdng hod xa hpi chii nghia Viet Nam Chinh phu qudn Iy thdng nhdt nha nude vd vifc thue hidn cdc nhifm vu ehinh trj, kinh td-xd hdi, qudc phdng, an ninh vd ddi ngogi cua Nhd nude; bdo ddm hifu lyc ciia bp may hdnh phdp tij trung uong den eo sd; bdo dam vifc tdn trpng vd chap hanh Hidn phdp vd phdp ludt; bdo vf Ipi ich quoc gia vd eac loi ieh hpp phdp ciia td chiie vd edng dan, phdt huy quyIn ldm chii cua nhan ddn sy nghifp xdy dyng vd bdo vf Td quoc, bdo ddm sy phdt triln on djnh ndn kinh te vd ndng cao chat lupng song ciia cdng ddn Chinh phii Quoc hpi biu, mien nhifm vd chju mpi trdch nhifm trude Qudc hpi, thyc hidn chi dO bdo cdo vd gidi trinh edng tdc djnh ky vd dpt xuit theo yeu ciu vdi Quoc hOi, U>' ban thudng vu Qu6e hpi, Chu tich nude" Thii hai, dl nghi didu chinh vd bd sung Didu - Ludt td chiic Chinh phu 2001 quy djnh cy thd nhifm vu vd quyIn hgn eua Chinh phii Imh vuc kinh tl tir diem diim nhu sau: QUAN Lt KINH TE' r n ^ MOl TRUflNG KINH D 1) Thing nhat qudn ly Nhd nude bdo ddm sy on djnh vd ndng cao chit lui;mg phdt triin nen kinh te quic ddn, bdo ddm sy binh ddng glQa cdc khu vye s6 hthi, sy chii djo tich eye cua kinh ti Nhd nude m^t s6 ngdnh vd linh vye then ehit ein thiit eiia nin kinh ti quic dan Quyet djnh linh ho?t cdc chinh sdch ey the ve tdi ehinh, tiin t?, tiin lucmg, gid ed dugc Quoc hpi uy quyen vd tdng cuimg phan cip, gidm sdt dit tu di phdt huy tiem ndng vd phoi hi?p hi^u qud cde nguon lye xd hpi, vd ngodi nude, nhdm day nhanh thyc hi?n cong nghi?p hod, hi$n d^i hod dat nu6c, chu trgng e6ng nghi$p h6a, hi$n d^ hod nong nghidp vd ndng thon; 2) Xdy dyng dy dn chien luge, quy ho?ch, ki hopch phdt trien kinh te-xd hgi ddi han, ndm ndm, hdng ndm trinh Quoc hpi; chi dao thyc hi?n chiin luge, quy hoach, ki hoach d6; 3) Trinh Quic hpi dy todn ngan sdch nhd nugc, du kien phdn bo ngdn sach trung uong vd mire bo sung tir ngan sdch trung ucmg eho ngdn sdch dia phucmg, tong quyit todn ngdn sach nhd nuoc hdng ndm; ti chure vd dieu hdnh thyc hi$n ngdn sach nhd nude duge Quoc hpi quyet dinh; 4) Thing nhit qudn ly vd sii dung e6 hi?u qud tdi san vd diu tu cong, tdi nguyen vd cdc Igi ieh quoc gia; thi hanh ehinh sdch tiit kiem; thyc hi^n chire ndng chii sd hthi phin von eda Nhd nude tai doanh nghidp ed vin nha nude theo quy djnh cua phdp luat; thi hdnh chinh sdch bdo v$, cdi tao, tdi sinh S^ OUAN Lt KINH TE Di5i MOI KINH T £ COA NHA NUOC vd sir dyng hgp If ede nguin tdi nguyfin thien nhien; 5) Thing nhit qudn ly hoat d^ng kinh ti doi ngofii, chu d0ng h^i nh|p kinh te quic ti, phdt triin cdc hinh thire quan h? kinh te vdi cdc quic gia, ti chirc quoc ti trSn te trin eo sd tdn trgng d^c Idp, chil quyen vd ciing c6 Igi, edi thi$n mdi trudng diu tu, ndng eao siic e?nh tranh, phdt huy nOi luc eiia dat nude, ho trg vd thiic diy sdn xuit nude, khuyen khich doanh nghidp thupc mpi khu vye sd hthi tham gia hoat dpng kinh ti doi ngoai; khuyin khich dau tu nude ngodi vd tao dieu ki?n thujn Igi de nguiri Vift Nam djnh eu d nude ngodi dau tu vi nude; 6) T6 chile vd idnh dao cdng tdc kiim ke, thong ke vd dy bdo kinh ti Nha nude theo yeu ciu khoa hge, hi?n dai vd dan ehii" / TAI L i f u THAM KHAO Bdo cdo Thdng ke hdng thdng 2011 eiia TCTK; ndm Nghj quyit cdc cugc hgp hdng thdng cua Chinh phii; Nghj quyit 11/NQ-CP ngdy 24/2/2011; Ke ho?ch phdt triin KT-XH ndm 2012 va ndm 2011 -2015 ciia Vidt Nam SI!«5(U2/2012I ... che Ddng^ Idnh dgo, nhd nude qudn Iy h-ong nen kinh tl thj trudng djnh hudng xd hdi chii nghia vd tdng cudng hpi nhdp kinh td QUAN Lt KINH T£ D | Mdl KINH T f C O A N H A NUOC quoc te chua thgt... Chinh phii Imh vuc kinh tl tir diem diim nhu sau: QUAN Lt KINH TE' r n ^ MOl TRUflNG KINH D 1) Thing nhat qudn ly Nhd nude bdo ddm sy on djnh vd ndng cao chit lui;mg phdt triin nen kinh te quic ddn,... sinh S^ OUAN Lt KINH TE Di5i MOI KINH T £ COA NHA NUOC vd sir dyng hgp If ede nguin tdi nguyfin thien nhien; 5) Thing nhit qudn ly hoat d^ng kinh ti doi ngofii, chu d0ng h^i nh|p kinh te quic ti,