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VIETNAM ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES GRADUATE ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES TRẦN THỊ THANH THỦY DEVELOPMENT INVESTMENT IN FISHERIES TOWARDS SUSTAINABILITY IN NGHE AN PROVINCE Major: Economic development Code: 31 01 05 SUMMARY OF ECONOMIC DOCTORAL THESIS Ha Noi – 2020 Thesis is completed at: Graduate Academy of Social Sciences Supervisor: Assoc.Prof.Dr Hoang Van Hai Dr Nguyen Thi Minh Phuong Master Reviewer 1: Prof.Dr Ngo Thang Loi Master Reviewer 2: Assoc.Prof.Dr Tran Dinh Thien Master Reviewer 3: Assoc.Prof.Dr Le Xuan Ba The thesis will be denfended at the Doctoral dissertation council in the Graduate Academy of Social Sciences at ….day… month… year 2020 Thesis can be found at: - Library Graduate Academy of Social Sciences - National Library, Hanoi, Vietnam LISTS OF AUTHOR'S PUBLIC WORKS No Work name Place of publication Development investment’s experience in Journal of Asia - Pacific Economics, Topic fisheries towards sustainability and lesson number - January 2019, page 87-89 for Nghe An province Solutions to enhance aquaculture Journal of Asia - Pacific Economics, Topic development investment towards number -January 2019, page 87-89 sustainability in Nghe An province To develop seafood value chain in Nghe Journal of Economics and Forecasting No An province 18/2018, page 173-176 International experience in developing and Proceedings of the international scientific implementing developing green agriculture conference "Sustainable economic policies and lessons for Vietnam development and business in the context of globalization", December 2019 at the Academy of Finance, page 467-474 International experience in developing Proceeding of the National Scientific and implementing policies for Conference "Theoretical basis and current developing green agriculture and situation of sustainable development policies Lessons for the North Central region, for of the North Central Coast", December 2019 of the National Economics University, page 94-103 INTRODUCTION The urgency of the thesis Fishery industry is one of the production and business sectors, an economic activity in the overall socio-economic Fishery industry plays an important role in providing food for mankind, not only it is an economic sector that creates employment opportunities, especially in rural and coastal areas The demand for fisheries of people is increasing while the resources of these resources are limited and have been exploited So the aquaculture industry has evolved to make up for those gaps With a coastline of more than 3,260 km, Vietnam has an exclusive maritime economic zone of more than million km Vietnam also has a large inland water surface area of more than 1.4 million hectares thanks to dense river and lagoons systems The fisheries sector has been playing an important role in Vietnam's economy Specifically, contributed 22.5% of the country's agricultural, forestry and fishery exports in 2018 and the livelihood of million workers In 2018, the total fishery production in both fishing and aquaculture reached 7.75 million tons, the proportion of high value products increased sharply, the export value of production increased by 6.5% compared to 2017 [28] It can be said that seafood has a fast and strong development and has important contributions in agriculture, the country's economy, the production scale is constantly expanding, especially step by step shifting from width development to depth towards sustainability, etc However, besides the achieved results, sustainability fisheries development is facing many challenges, especially in the context of extensive international integration and the increasing impact of climate change: i) infrastructure development, in which fishing ports and storm shelters are overloaded, cannot meet the demand for fishing; ii) The management and protection of fisheries resources are still inadequate, equipment, management and enforcement capacity, compliance with IUU regulations, seasons, fishing gear, certification of exploitation are still limited Processing is failing to meet the requirements of sustainable fishing management; iii) The small scale production is common, the value chain linkage, the organization of aquatic product exploitation and exploitation is still weak, the processing is still inadequate, the productivity is low, especially brackish shrimp farming, high production costs; iv) Production often not pay attention to the market and the requirements of the market, quality and safety of food hygiene has not been sufficient attention, the Vietnam fishery products often have not consumed under the label Vietnamese marks; v) Many fisheries policies have not been effective; These have led to inefficient and unsustainable aquaculture production in Vietnam Nghe An is a province in the North Central Coast with 82 km long coastline, with canals, vast fishing grounds, abundant fishery resources, many creeks and thousands of hectares of brackish water surface for saltwater aquaculture, with many traditional fishery villages has long had a lot of potential to develop fisheries economy towards sustainability In recent years, Nghe An fishery has achieved a relatively high and stable growth Along with the construction of fisheries infrastructures, issues of investment development of the fisheries high technology associated with the formation of the chain link, enhance the value of the product began to be focused on the implementation, initially has formed a number of regional fisheries production goods in association with the processing and consumption of products, creating jobs and income for workers, contributing to poverty reduction and economic and social development However, Nghe An seafood still cannot avoid the common problems of the country's seafood industry such as: small, fragmented production, unable to create high value-added product chains; The development model of aquatic product production is mainly growing along the width so the efficiency and sustainability are still limited; Income and life of farmers are low; Environmental pollution in seafood production is still large, which are big challenges for Nghe An seafood in the current period With the requirement of aquatic product production, it must meet the increasing demands of people with better quality, safer, greener, cleaner and under fierce competition pressure as Vietnam integrates more deeply In the world economy, the fisheries development of Nghe An province towards sustainability becomes more urgent than ever Against this backdrop, Nghe An has implemented a scheme to restructure the agricultural sector (including fisheries) in the direction of increasing added value and sustainable development The project stated clearly the objectives: to develop fisheries in an efficient and sustainable manner; Renovating the planning and organizing the production of aquatic products along the direction of large-scale, international competition, achieving high efficiency, bringing higher incomes for farmers and minimizing negative impacts on the environment [46] The process of restructuring the fisheries sector to achieve the development goal towards sustainability is requiring a great deal of resources to implement development investment, especially for localities / provinces with many development advantages fisheries such as Nghe An to make the fisheries sector a major economic sector in the province's socio-economic development strategy Therefore, investment in fisheries development is an important role, determining the development of the industry towards sustainability Besides Nghe An's achievements, in Nghe An development investment, there are still many shortcomings with development requirements (investment is still spread, lack of focus, focus, and efficiency is still low, not in the direction of sustainability, ) With large capital requirements, but limited capacity, Nghe An needs to make effective investment in the development of the fisheries sector, creating a breakthrough for development and sustainability which is a very difficult problem and now there is no satisfactory solution On the other hand, there have been many research studies on investment in agriculture and fisheries in Viet Nam as well as Nghe An However, up to now, there have been very few systematic, updated and comprehensive studies on development investment towards sustainability in Nghe An The above facts show that the true assessment of Nghe An fisheries investment and development activities in recent years to build a comprehensive fishery development investment strategy, enhance added value and development towards sustainability is a topical and urgent matter in both theory and practice The question is how to invest in fisheries development in a specific orientation? What is the basis for this ? What solutions are needed to promote investment in the development of a new fishery? They are the reasons why student has chosen the article “Development investment in fisheries towards sustainability in Nghe An province” as a topic of doctoral thesis of economics, specialized in Development Economics The purpose and research tasks of the thesis + Research purpose of the thesis: The dissertation's thesis clarifies theoretical and practical issues related to development investment towards sustainability in Nghe An From there, propose solutions and recommendations to promote fisheries development investment towards sustainability in Nghe An province To achieve this purpose, the thesis aims to answer the research questions: What is development investment towards sustainability? What factors influence that investment process? How is the impact of development investment towards sustainability? What solutions are needed to promote development investment towards sustainability in Nghe An province? + Research tasks of the thesis: A In order to achieve the purpose of the study, the thesis will perform the following tasks: - Research a number of theoretical issues on development investment towards sustainability and practical experiences in investment in development investment towards sustainability, thereby drawing lessons for Nghe An - Analyze and assess the right situation of development investment towards sustainability in Nghe An province in the period of 2012-2017, point out the achieved results, the existing limitations and clarify the causes of those limitations - Proposing orientations, solutions and recommendations in order to promote development investment towards sustainability in Nghe An to 2025 and following years Subject and scope of the thesis research + Research object of the thesis: development investment towards sustainability + Research scope of the thesis: - Scope of content: The dissertation studies issues related to development investment towards sustainability in the following aspects: Planning on investment and development of concentrated and large-scale commodity aquaculture production areas; Investment in developing fishery infrastructure; Investment in developing offshore fishing fleets; Investment in renovating the organization of aquatic product production along the direction of modernization; Invest in joint production of aquatic products according to aquatic value chains; Invest in developing markets and brands of fishery products to ensure that the fisheries industry achieves the greatest economic, social and environmental benefits - Scope of space : The dissertation researches on development investment towards sustainability in Nghe An province, focusing on some localities with outstanding fishery production activities and regional representative for Nghe An including: Quynh Luu, Hoang Mai, Dien Chau, Nghi Loc, Cua Lo, Yen Thanh, Nam Dan, TP.Vinh, Thanh Chuong and Nghia Dan - Time range: Assess the situation of development investment towards sustainability in the period (2012-2017), demand until 2025 and following years The methodology and research methods of the thesis 4.1 Methodology To implement the thesis, the author bases on: - The thesis's methodological basis is dialectical materialism (that is, the study of the object on the basis of historical-specific perspectives, the development principle, the principle of common relation) and historical materialism of MarxismLeninism The materialist historical methodology is concretized by the Party's views and policies, the policies of Nghe An province on agricultural issues and restructuring of the agricultural sector - The thesis also inherits the results of a number of published studies related to the research 4.2 Research methodology of the thesis The thesis uses qualitative research methods in combination with quantitative methods to collect and process data as follows: 4.2.1 Methods of data collection The thesis uses secondary and primary data sources to serve the research process as follows: - Secondary data used in the study was collected from Business Registration Office of Department of Planning and Investment of Nghe An province, Department of Fisheries Department of Department of Agriculture and Rural Development of Nghe An province, Department of Statistics of Nghe An province, on internet, research of works related to development investment of the fisheries sector The above data is only for the statistics, evaluation and understanding of some criteria related to the development of seafood industry - Primary data through group discussion collected information on the questionnaire design to interview directly the subjects: Fisheries experts, state management of fisheries, management of fisheries enterprises, cooperatives fisheries, aquaculture farms, farmers invest in aquatic product trading The time for conducting data survey interviews is from 05/2017 to 09/2017 with the contents of the survey: i) Factors affecting the demand for development investment of the fisheries sector; ii) Activities and results of development investment of fisheries sector In the process of investigating for baseline data, the author attaches great importance to the expert method, in-depth interviews with experts, scientists interested in fisheries, fisheries managers in order to formulate ways professional analysis and evaluation, from which recommendations and solutions are feasible and practical 4.2.2 Data processing methods To process the collected data, the thesis uses several methods as follows: - Descriptive statistical method: including collecting data, organizing data by time series, calculating basic statistical indicators such as development speed , structure, ratio and relation to review and assess the trend and volatility of the data - Methods of analysis and synthesis: This method is used in all research sections of the thesis to help clarify the research object From there, the summary can fully evaluate the development investment activity of the fisheries sector in Nghe An province - Comparison method: During the research, the thesis has tried to quantify the analytical content according to specific criteria From which to compare with the evaluation criteria to draw conclusions - The thesis uses the correlation regression model to calculate the impact of capital inputs (K), labor (L), total factor productivity (TFP) on the total added value of the industry fisheries in Nghe An province with the use of Eviews software The methodology for estimating the contribution of the above factors in the growth structure is based on Solow's work (1957) and the calculation formula mentioned in the research of Nguyen Kim Phuc [26] - In addition, the thesis also uses the exploratory factor analysis (EFA) method in assessing factors affecting the demand for development investment of seafood industry in Nghe An province by using SPSS software New contributions of science of the thesis As a systematic study related to development investment towards sustainability in Nghe An, the thesis has made new theoretical and practical contributions as follows: - The thesis has systematized and clarified the theoretical issues about fisheries concepts, fisheries development, fisheries development towards sustainability, investment, development investment, and development investment towards sustainability, development investment capital of seafood industry; Proposing the contents of development investment of seafood industry; Develop criteria to assess the impact of investment on the development of the seafood industry in one locality, the factors affecting the development of the fisheries sector - The thesis has built a model of factors affecting the demand for development investment of seafood industry in the locality - The thesis has summarized lessons learned on development investment towards sustainability of a number of countries and localities in the country From there, draw lessons learned on development investment of seafood industry for Nghe An - The thesis has given views and orientations on the development of fisheries in localities in general and Nghe An in particular - Assess the status of development investment of seafood industry in Nghe An, the positive and limited sides, clearly identify the reasons for these limitations And propose solutions, recommendations to promote development investment towards sustainability in Nghe An province Theoretical and practical meanings of the thesis + Theoretical meaning of the thesis: - The theory of development investment towards sustainability in the thesis contributes to affirming that promoting investment in the development of the fisheries is the most important factor to ensure the sustainable development of the fisheries sector (between the economy, society and the environment), is the basis of the evacuation needed for further research - The research results show that to attract fisheries development investment towards sustainability, it is necessary to pay attention to factors affecting investors' needs - The research results show that in order to attract and promote fisheries development investment towards sustainability, it is necessary to pay attention to economic, social and environmental aspects Therefore, the uniformity in implementation of solutions needs to be given special attention + Practical significance of the thesis: - The thesis has proposed a number of solutions to promote fisheries development investment towards sustainability in Nghe An province; If these measures are applied, it will contribute to improving the efficiency of fisheries development investment towards sustainability in Nghe An in the future - The dissertation's research results can be useful references for those who need to learn about fisheries development investment towards sustainability in Nghe An; Other localities throughout the country can also find useful information in this thesis The structure of the thesis In addition to the Introduction, Conclusions, List of research works, References, Content of the thesis are presented in chapters: Chapter 1: Overview of research situation related to the thesis Chapter 2: Theoretical basis of fisheries development investment towards sustainability Chapter 3: Current situation of fisheries development investment towards sustainability in Nghe An province in the period of 2012-2017 Chapter 4: Some solutions to promote fisheries development investment towards sustainability in Nghe An Province CHAPTER OVERVIEW OF THE RESEARCH SITUATION RELATED TO THE THESIS 1.1 The situation of theoretical research related to fisheries development investment towards sustainability 1.1.1 Studies related to seafood investment OECD (2013), David Blandford (2013), Christine Negra (2013), Nguyen Do Tuan Anh and Dang Kim Khoi (2015), OECD (2015) 1.1.2 Studies related to the impact of fisheries development investment towards sustainability World Bank (2011), Abhijit Sen (2007), Alexander J Rudnicky (1968), Baha SH, Saini AS, Sharma KD and Thakur DR (2010), Cletus Kwashi Dordunoo (1993, International Monertary Fund (1998), Brundland Report (1998), Brundland Report (1987), Bernard, Connie, Lawrence, Andres (2006), Raduvoicu, Iulya, Mariana (2011), Agriculture needs huge investment, Copyright AsiaNet Pakistan (Pvt) Ltd Nov, (2013), Valin, Halisk, Mosnier, Herreror , Schmid, and Obersteiner (2013) 1.1.3 Studies related to factors affecting fisheries development investment towards sustainability Reardon et al (1996), Griffon et al (2001), Pinstrup-Andersen & Shimokawa (2006), Conning & Udry (2007), Rosenzweig & Stark (1998), Egger (2005), WB (2005b) IFAD ( 2003), Wright et al (2007), Pray et al (2007), Pray & Guglie (2001), LeBlanc & Hrubovcak (1986) and Halvorsen (1991), Halvorsen (1991), Nguyen Dinh Tho and Nguyen Thi Mai Trang ( 2009), Tran Huu Cuong and Bui Thi Nga (2010) 1.2 The situation of empirical research related to fisheries development investment towards sustainability 1.2.1 Studies related to the content of fisheries development investment towards sustainability Pham Thi Khanh (2003), Tran Duc Vien, Nguyen Viet Long (2015), Nguyen Tho (2012) 1.2.2 Studies related to investment and development of fisheries in the value chain Nguyen Thi Thuy Vinh (2014), Stamm and Christian von Drachenfels (2011), Trieneken Jacques (2011), Tran Dai Nghia (2012) 1.2.3 Related studies The investment model for subtainable fisheries development Hans, R Helren (2011), OECD (2015), Andy Hall and Kumuda Dorai (2010), David Blandford (2011), Nguyen Van Tuat (2015) 1.2.4 Studies related to the role of investment capital in fisheries development investment towards sustainability Pham Van On (2014), Nguyen Kim Phuc (2011), Tran Viet Nguyen (2015), Justin Mundy (2016 ), Do Kim Chung, Kim Thi Dung (2013) economic growth are both positive and pervasive, driven by the demands of social and environmental aspects, towards the goal of human development in the process of investment and development of aquatic products ” 2.3 Scale and structure of investment capital for fisheries development investment towards sustainability 2.3.1 Scale of investment capital The theory and practice have proved that is an essential factor for the growth and development of the local fisheries sector Therefore , in order to meet the target of fisheries development investment towards sustainability, the locality needs to use a certain amount of investment capital for the fisheries sector 2.3.2 Investment capital source */ State capital: including state budget capital, state development investment credit capital, state-guaranteed credit capital, and development investment capital of state-owned enterprises */ Non-state capital sources: including savings from people, accumulated savings of private enterprises and cooperatives */ Foreign direct investment (FDI) 2.4 The content of fisheries development investment towards sustainability 2.4.1 To plan investment in and development of large-scale and high-quality concentrated aquatic product production zones The requirement in aquaculture is to develop development planning of largescale concentrated commodity production areas, especially for key fishery products to create quality products because of the universal application conditions turn scientific and technological achievements in the field of fisheries to increase productivity, efficiency and enhance international competitiveness in fisheries development investment towards sustainability 2.4.2 Invest in developing infrastructure to serve the fishery industry in a synchronized and modern manner a Investment in infrastructure of aquaculture areas and aquaculture seed production The infrastructure of the aquaculture area must ensure the ability to apply modern science and technology to production in order to contribute to increasing the productivity of aquaculture, economically using resources, and at the same time creating green, clean and safe aquatic products food hygiene and safety, environmental friendliness and best meet the needs of the market b Investment in developing aquatic product processing infrastructure In order to increase the added value of fishery products from aquaculture and fishing, it is necessary to invest in the aquaculture industry In order for the aquaculture industry to develop THB, it is necessary to carry out such deep and refined processing to create high quality, clean, green, safe, environmentallyfriendly and high quality aquatic products 10 c Invest in infrastructure development to serve offshore fishing In the context that coastal aquaculture is increasingly exhausted, offshore aquaculture is the right direction to ensure the development of the fisheries sector To so, the fisheries industry must invest in building and upgrading fishing ports, fishing wharves, storm shelters, and logistics services for large-capacity fishing vessels extended outreach on large fishing grounds to improve the productivity and preservation of fishery products from exploitation 2.4.3 Investment in developing a large-capacity fleet in service of offshore fishing To promote offshore fishing, it is necessary to invest in large-capacity fleets equipped with modern equipment on fishing vessels (seafood detectors, long-range locators, cruise assessment devices, reservation equipment, etc.), applying modern science and technology to improve fishing productivity, and at the same time using equipment to minimize environmental pollution, use fishing gear catching aquatic products according to the allowed size standards, avoiding catching too small fishes during the spawning period to avoid destroying the agriculture and forestry area, etc 2.4.4 Investing in developing and promoting the application of science and technology, especially high-tech and environmentally technologies in aquaculture production Science and technology play an active role in the growth and fisheries development investment towards sustainability At present, when production has revealed many weaknesses such as: fragmented operations, low efficiency, high product prices, many epidemics, products that not meet food hygiene and safety, environmental pollution, etc more and more is considered as one of the most effective solutions to overcome these shortcomings 2.4.5 Investment in renovating production organization and management towards modernization To develop fisheries towards sustainability, it is necessary to invest in renewing production relations, changing the model of small-scale aquaculture production, lack of linkage to a large-scale production model, focusing on enterprises, combining cooperatives and farms This investment process must be carried out based on market principles 2.4.6 Invest in joint production and consumption of fishery products along the value chain In order to develop fisheries towards sustainability, the fishery industry must follow the link, by voluntarily investing in such linkage along the seafood value chain 2.4.7 Investing in developing markets and seafood brands We are now entering an era of integration with many changes: zero import tax; institutional transformation, law and global trade When deepening integration, we saw that our country's fisheries industry has made great strides but is not 11 sustainable In the context of increasingly fierce competition, the role of market development investment becomes increasingly urgent 2.5 The impact of fisheries development investment towards sustainability 2.5.1 The impact of fisheries development investment towards sustainability a/ The impact of investment to economic growth in the fisheries sector in the direction of durable solid Growth of total fishery production , growth of fishery production value (GO), growth of added value of fishery products (VA), growth of seafood export value b/ The impact of investment on fisheries industry's economic restructuring in a reasonable direction The impact of investment on the economic restructuring of the sector in fisheries development investment towards sustainability is reflected in the investment policies, capital and the structure of capital allocation sectors with comparative advantage to transform comparative advantages into competitive advantages c/ The impact of investment on the growth structure of the fisheries sector This impact reflects quite clearly the impact of investment on fisheries growth quality The growth structure of the fisheries sector reflects the efficiency and sustainability trend of the internal factors that constitute the growth of the fisheries sector These are growth structure by input (K,L,TFP) and growth structure by subsectors in fisheries d/ The impact of investment on the growth efficiency of the fisheries sector +/ The impact of investment on labor efficiency in the fisheries sector +/ Impact of investment on capital efficiency in the fisheries sector e/ The impact of investment on improving the export capacity of the fishery sector Fishery export rate = (Seafood export value / fishery value) x 100% 2.5.2 The impact of fisheries development investment towards sustainability The contribution of investment to the development of the fisheries development investment towards sustainability is reflected in the following specific criteria: + The number of employees and the growth rate of the annual number of employees in the fisheries sector + The ratio of the number of laborers in the fishery industry to the total number of local laborers + The proportion of trained laborers compared to the total number of laborers in the fishery sector + Labor structure of fields in the fisheries sector + Income of laborers / year + Inequality coefficient in income distribution (GINI coefficient) in the fisheries sector 12 + Forms of production organization and management organization in the fisheries sector + 2.5.3 The impact of investment on fisheries development investment towards sustainability The impact of fisheries development investment towards sustainability is reflected in the following criteria: + Situation of reserves, coral reefs, biodiversity, environmental pollution, environment and natural landscapes, from aquaculture activities + Mangrove forests, pollution and salty water pollution , biodiversity, from aquaculture activities + The amount of wastewater, solid waste, waste, noise, humidity, heat, emissions, odors, from aquaculture operations + Quality of fisheris products collection equipment + The number and proportion reporting fisheries enterprises and environmental impact assessment and commitment to environmental protection + Number and percentage of fisheries enterprises with waste treatment system + Number and percentage of enterprises violating environmental protection law + The level of technology used in investment activities of the fisheries sector (high technology, medium technology, low technology, environmentally friendly technology) + 2.6 Factors affecting fisheries development investment towards sustainability 2.6.1 Objective factor - Natural condition - International economic integration - Factors urban schools - Industrial Revolution 4.0 - Climate Change 2.6.2 Subjective factor - Resources on ground and water - Investment - Human resources - The infrastructure - State policies on fisheries development investment towards sustainability 2.7 The model studies the factors affecting the investment demand for fisheries development investment towards sustainability Modeling the factors affecting demand on fisheries development investment towards sustainability be expressed as the following equation: HL = β + β 2*Prerequisite + β 3*Infrastructure + β 4*CSDT + β 5*HTTT + β 6*DD + β 7*DVTC + β 8*LD + β 9*QL + + β 10*QT + Ui 13 2.8 Experience in investing in fisheries development towards sustainability and lessons for Nghe An 2.8.1 Experience in fisheries development investment towards sustainability 2.8.1.1 Experience in fisheries development investment towards sustainability of some countries in the world a/ Experience of Thailand b/ Japanese experience c/ Experience of China 2.8.1.2 Experience in fisheries development investment towards sustainability of some localities in the country a / Experience of Thanh Hoa b / Experience of Ca Mau 2.8.2 Lessons for Nghe An in fisheries development investment towards sustainability First, invest in the development of offshore fishing in a sustainable way Second, invest in developing aquaculture with high technology Third, Invest and apply modern equipment and technology in seafood processing to create great added value in fishery products Fourth, invest in fisheries development under the value chain CHAPTER 3: CURRENT SITUATION OF FISHERIES DEVELOPMENT INVESTMENT TOWARDS SUSTAINABILITY IN NGHE AN PROVINCE IN THE PERIOD OF 2012-2017 3.1 Potential for fisheries industry development towards sustainability in Nghe An In the report on the master plan of socio-economic development of Nghe An province to 2020, the People's Committee of Nghe An province has assessed the comparative advantages and development opportunities of the province compared to other localities in the region In addition to the advantages of geographic location, transportation system, general integration trend, diverse resources (land, forest, sea, minerals, fisheries, natural tourism and humanity, ) is one of the very important advantages in promoting the socio-economic development of Nghe An, in which the agriculture-forestry-fishery group has a very clear advantage 3.2 Current situation fisheries development investment towards sustainability Nghe An province in the period of 2012-201 3.2.1 Scale of investment capital for fisheries development In the period of 2012–2017, Nghe An has commanders action was 2291.595 billion contract for fisheries investment capital, gained 70 % compared with the entry criteria recommended that in planning the development of the fisheries sector in the province The increase of provisions tissue aquatic locality investment 14 capital provinces were affected strongly to increase the growth of health of the fishery The rate of increase of growth of international fisheriessector during segments 2012 - 2017 to reach speeds of increasing average per 11.471% / year, meeting to set goals of development planning fisheries sector (10-11%) If we look into the fluctuations of the scale of aquatic resource scale so far, it shows that: The scale of aquatic fishery scale has continuously increased in the period of 2012-2017, but the growth rate of the land area is not stable Total investment capital of fishery sector in the period of 2012–2017 was 2291,595 billion VND allocated to fields: aquaculture, aquaculture, aquaculture and aquaculture according to certain ratios , in which the size and proportion of investment in aquaculture accounts for highest in the province's total fishery investment capital in 2012–2017 Next, keep the 2nd position is aquaculture Investment capital in fisheries enterprises has the lowest scale and density In order to better assess the situation of the allocation of investment capital for fisheries development, we will drill down into each specific area as follows: 3.2.2 Structure of investment capital for fisheries development The total social development investment capital in Nghe An Province for the fisheries sector in the period of 2012–2017 was VND 2291,595 billion, depending mainly on domestic capital From the situation, it shows that the fluctuation of the structure of capital mobilized for development investment of the province's fishery industry is still unreasonable, showing signs of unsustainability It is shown that in the period of 2012-2017, the amount of FDI attracted was very small, so it did not create a breakthrough development for the fisheries sector Therefore, the strength of FDI is to invest in modern technology and equipment, advanced management in seafood production and trading to create high productivity and high value-added fisheries products market demand FDI will contribute greatly to increasing the seafood, improving the management level for fisheries human resources and creating many jobs for fisheries Therefore, in addition to providing solutions to increase the mobilization of more domestic capital sources to maximize internal resources, Nghe An must have reasonable solutions to attract more FDI capital for the fisheries sector, just created the initial breakthrough to create a fast and stable development platform for the fishery 3.2.3 The situation of investment and development in Nghe An fisheries sector is compared with the content of fisheries development investment towards sustainability 3.2.3.1 Actual situation of investment planning for development of concentrated and large-scale commodity aquaculture production areas Although significant achievements have been achieved, the development of concentrated aquaculture remains inadequate: despite the diversified advantages of the terrain that can be arranged and development investment in aquaculture, However, 15 the dispersion, small-scale, and incomplete intensive farming techniques are limitations that hinder the formation of large commodity fisheries products Another problem is that due to favorable conditions for development of many types of aquatic products, this has become one of the premise to accelerate aquaculture development associated with processing industry However, because of that advantage, there are currently many types of aquaculture farmed and planned in many districts, leading to the overlap in the arrangement of concentrated farming areas associated with processing facilities The main lack of overall development planning has created competition for land and water resources affecting the formation and development of factories, industrial parks and concentrated aquaculture 3.2.3.2 The reality of investment in developing water infrastructure in the direction of modernity and synchronization */ Infrastructure in concentrated aquaculture areas: In general, irrigation infrastructure in many aquaculture areas still faces many shortcomings, there are no scientific studies on irrigation systems serving aquaculture, most of which is currently serviced Aquaculture is commonly used, along with irrigation systems for agricultural production, not suitable to technical requirements so it is easy to cause diseases, etc So the risk of water pollution and diseases from the use of chemicals, pesticides, fertilizers in agriculture discharges water with a lot of hidden money */ Aquatic breed production infrastructure: In addition to a number of concentrated seed production areas, which are planned and invested in infrastructure, especially transportation and electricity, are invested and upgraded to facilitate productio and shipping The current difficulty of the concentrated aquatic seed production zone is that there is no funding to maintain, repair, so the process of using and exploiting up to now some works such as drainage system, sewage tanks, there are signs of deterioration and damage; no fresh water supply system for production */ Infrastructure for processing aquatic products: At present, the province does not have a large-scale concentrated aquaculture area, most factories are scattered in or outside industrial zones in Quynh Luu district, Hoang Mai town [6] */ Infrastructure for offshore fisheries economic: Fishing ports, fishing wharves and storm shelters are overloaded, failing to meet the demand for landing ships for offshore fishing fleets The fleet with large capacity is small, so the number of ships participating in offshore exploitation is not large Therefore, the productivity of offshore fisheries in Nghe An is not high, not fully exploiting the potential from the open sea 3.2.3.3 Situation on investment in developing large capacity fleets for offshore fishing The fleet of ships is not limited in equipment, management capacity and law enforcement, regulations, harvest, fishing gear, certification of exploitation is still limited, not meeting the requirements of exploitation management and fisheries development investment towards sustainability 16 3.2.3.4 Current situation of investment in developing science and technology application Through the survey results, up to 69.7% of seafood investors said that they are using technology at an average level 23% of seafood owners say that they are using technology at a poor rate and only 7.1% at the advanced level and 0.24% at the modern level 3.2.3.5 Real situation of investment in renovating forms of organizing aquatic product production in the direction of modernization The situation of investment in renewing the form of aquaculture production organization of Nghe An is reflected in the following forms: Economy of fishery households, Farm economy, fishery cooperatives, Cooperative groups (Community groups) and aquaculture enterprises In particular, the main form of production organization is still individuals, households, only a few models in the form of cooperatives, or businesses In general, most models of enterprises in the form of individuals and households are fragmented, poor infrastructure Only a few concentrated farming and processing areas are usually of new types of enterprises or cooperatives, and relatively good investment in building a system of farming and processing infrastructure is relatively good 3.2.3.6 Situation of investment in joint production and consumption of fishery products along the value chain In general, the linkage between farmers and aquaculture enterprises in Nghe An is done through two forms: (i) Enterprises directly link with farmers; (ii) Enterprises contracting with fishermen through cooperatives Each form of association has its own characteristics 3.2.3.7 Current situation of investment in developing markets and seafood brands Nghe An seafood industry is aiming to export but the investment in building markets, fisheries products brand has not been satisfactory Therefore, the fishery industry has not had a large market and has not built a product brand that has significantly affected the efficiency of fisheries production and consumption 3.3 The impact of investment on the implementation of fisheries development investment towards sustainability contents in Nghe An province 3.3.1 Economic 3.3.1.1 The impact of investment on fisheries economic growth It can be seen that the increase in the scale of aquaculture development investment from 2012 to 2017 has caused the added value of the fishery industry to increase accordingly The graph of two lines of capital size and value added of the fishery has the same trend showing the positive relationship between investment capital and added value The average growth rate of products in the 2005-2011 period (reaching 8,567%), in the period of 2012-2017 was 11,471%, and the whole period of 2005-2017 reached over numbers of 10,001% (Appendix 4) So, can assert fisheries sector reached speeds of increasing average growth is quite high in the years past still can make calculated lack reliable firm 17 3.3.1.2 The impact of investment on fisheries economic restructuring In the period of 2012-2017, the proportion of aquaculture sector increased from 28.5% in 2012 and reached 34.8% in 2017 The field of aquaculture decreased from 45.5% in 2012 to 40.9 % of 2017 (Appendix 6) The aquaculture sector has an unstable change in proportion from 22.3% in 2012 to 23.4% in 2014 and decreased to 19.5% in 2017 3.3.1.3 The impact of investment on the growth structure of the fisheries sector a/ Growth structure by input factors The contribution of factors to the economic growth of the fisheries sector has changed but not too much in the period 2005-2017 The capital contribution still plays a leading role in the economic growth of the fisheries sector, followed by labor and finally technological progress Especially, since the year 2011 the ratio of capital contribution to economic growth in the fisheries sector accounts for more than 60% Article This is entirely consistent with the period 2012-2017 amount investment capital times compared with the period 2005-2011 It is the expansion of the scale of urban investment has created the expansion of the fisheries industry b/ Growth structure by fisheries sector Researching the structure of growth by industry can be seen to contribute to the economic growth of the fisheries sector mainly due to the field of aquaculture For example, in 2017, the economic growth of the fisheries sector reached 14,684% of which the aquaculture contributed up to 40.9% to the growth, while that of aquaculture contributed only 4.8%, aquaculture contributed 34.8% , fisheries people is 19.5% (Appendix 5) c/ Growth structure by economic sector The contribution of the foreign sector is too low, especially in the period of 2012-2014 accounting for 0%, in 2017 it increased to only 0.236% in the growth structure of the fishery industry due to attracting only foreign investor (Thailand) 3.3.1.4 The impact of investment on growth efficiency a / Effective use of aquatic labor Compared with the fisheries industry of other localities in the country, Nghe An's fishery industry has low labor productivity but tends to increase over the years, in 2017, it has reached over 30 million VND / person / year b / Effective use of seafood investment capital Table 3.9 shows: The performance early on from the fisheries sector during stage from 2012 to 2014 did not have many moving variables, achieving ranges up from 0.4-0.5 2015 marked an increase in investment efficiency to 0.8 This is the year with effect acorns invested the highest so even though the regulation size investment capital decreased more compared with the previous year,but again the year with therate of growth of international high as possible Two years near here performance early on from the drop -down value of 0.3 Article is to see copper increased investment capital more has not created more many shares you increase economic growth in the fisheries sector 18 3.3.1.5 Impact of investment on export capacity of the fishery sector Table 3.10 shows that the export value of fisheries product Nghe An accounts for about 9% -13% of the production value This proves that fisheries product of Nghe An exported has not met the requirements of quality, hygiene and safety and low competitiveness in the world market On the other hand, the proportion of value of fisheries product for domestic consumption accounts for 87% -91% of the value of aquaculture, so it shows that the growth strategy of Nghe An seafood industry has not been strongly focused on exporting, not taking seafood exports as The main driving force to promote high growth in the fisheries sector 3.3.2 Socially In addition to considering the impact of fisheries development investment towards sustainability fishery industry, this activity also brings about many social impacts such as job creation, poverty reduction, development of form of organization and production management, especifically: a/ The impact of investment on job creation and labor restructuring in the fisheries sector b/ Impact of investment on income and income distribution of labor in the fisheries sector c/ The impact of investment on the development of production organization and management forms d/ Impact of investment on agricultural-rural economic restructuring: e/ The impact of investment on community development and human development 3.3.3 About environment Through analysis of the environmental impact from investment activities of the fisheries sector in Nghe An province, the environmental aspect of these investment activities is not guaranteed to be sustainable 3.2.4 Analyze some basic factors affecting investment in developing fishery industry towards sustainability in Nghe An 3.2.4.1 International economic integration 3.2.4.2 Human Resources 3.2.4.4 Mechanisms and policies 3.4 Results of analysis of factors affecting investment in fisheries development in a sustainable manner 3.4.1 Survey sample description As mentioned, participants participated in the survey of factors affecting the demand for investment and development of the fisheries development investment towards sustainability fisheries sector, including: Management of aquaculture enterprises, Chairman of fisheries cooperatives, owners of fishery farms, farmers invest in seafood production and trading in Nghe An province Specifically, in the total of 190/200 objects surveyed: fisheries enterprises accounted for 5.26%, fishery cooperatives accounted for 15.79%, aquaculture farms accounted for 10.53%, farmers and fishermen accounted for 68.42 % 19 3.4.2 Results of factor analysis The regression equation that explains the change of investment demand for fisheries development investment towards sustainability has the form: HL = 0.274*Prerequisite + 0.371*CSHT + 0.545*CSĐT + 0.498*HTTT + 0.125*DD + 0.571*DVTC + 0.345*LD + 0,184*State management + 0,451*QT 3.5 Assess the current situation in fisheries development investment towards sustainability in Nghe An province 3.5.1 Result Fisheries activities in Nghe An in the past years about the body of already have the switch turned integrated pole, was confirmed the rules for fisheries development investment towards sustainability 3.5.2 Some restrictions and former workers */ Limit: First, the scale of investment capital in fisheries over the years tends to increase continuously, but with an unstable pace Second, the investment in developing and applying special scientific and technology has only been implemented at each stage of the production process without many fisheries products applying software according to the value chain so the efficiency is not as expected and lacking durability Third, investment in developing fisheries products consumption market is still limited, has not created a favorable market, has not created a strong motivation for fisheries development investment towards sustainability Fourth, the investment in renovating the form of production organization is still slow, mainly based on the household economy with small and scattered scale, other forms are still slow to innovate, the effectiveness has not been achieved yet Fifth, Infrastructure development investment has not met the demand of fisheries development investment towards sustainability fishery */ Cause : First, the planning and policies related to the development of the fisheries development investment towards sustainability in Nghe An have been established but some of the policies have not yet addressed the requirements set out by the reality Second, investment in fisheries is limited compared to its position, role and development requirements Third, the quality of human resources for direct investment in aquaculture is low, the fisheries management apparatus at the provincial level is large but at the district and commune levels it is thin and difficult to solve practical issues Fourth, there is a lack of basic and practical measures to organize the implementation of development investment activities in the fisheries sector Fifth, inadequacies in the organization and mechanism to coordinate components for development of fisheries in the value chain to develop fisheries investment towards sustainability 20 CHAPTER 4: SOME SOLUTIONS TO PROMOTE FISHERIES DEVELOPMENT INVESTMENT TOWARDS SUSTAINABILITY IN NGHE AN PROVINCE 4.1 The international and domestic context affects the investment process for in Nghe An 4.1.1 Opportunities, advantages 4.1.2 Challenges and difficulties 4.2 Viewpoint and the direction of the first private development develop fisheries sector towards durable firmly in Nghe An province in 2025 and the following years 4.2.1 Grounded construction 4.2.2 Forecast of investment capital demand and the ability to mobilize investment capital for developing the fishery industry in a sustainable manner 4.2.3 Viewpoints on investment in fisheries development towards sustainability 4.2.4 Orienting investment in fisheries development towards sustainability 4.3 A number of solutions to promote investment in fisheries development investment towards sustainability in Nghe An to 2025 and subsequent years 4.3.1 Basis for proposing solutions and policy recommendations 4.3.2 Basic proposals to promote fisheries development investment towards sustainability in Nghe An 4.3.2.1 Review and finalize investment plans for fisheries development 4.3.2.2 Solutions to mobilize development investment capital to meet the goal of sustainable growth and development of the fisheries sector The State needs to have preferential credit sources for businesses to invest in the field, model of green, clean, safe seafood contributing to ensure the development of fisheries development investment towards sustainability for them to approach in a way most favorable It is necessary to set up a venture capital fund in the form of public-private partnership (possibly in the joint venture capital fund), assigned to professional fund management organizations to develop start-ups, medium-sized enterprises and Small in the fisheries sector Develop a scientific research mechanism ordered by businesses, jointly invest, test, use and commercialize results Promote the activities of intermediary commercialization organizations to help consult, support, link, enforce property protection rights as well as advise the interests of the parties Building a public-private partnership mechanism in information, research, forecast and development of the fishery market Through industry associations, supporting the construction of bonded warehouses in key export markets, facilitating the enhancement of added value and the position of fisheries products of Nghe An 4.3.2.3 Solutions to increase investment in developing fishery infrastructure and offshore fishing fleets 21 */ Fishery infrastructure */ Offshore fishing fleets 4.3.2.4 Solutions to increase investment in developing human resources for the fisheries sector */ For the state: - Supporting the development of fishery human resources for farmers and fishermen, it is necessary to focus on the issues of: Technology and organization + For fisheries human resource training facilities: Training institutions must adjust teaching and learning methods to obtain high quality fishery human resources by actively innovating and actively cooperating with fisheries enterprise to bring students to practice, practice through the semester of enterprises lasting from 4-6 months at businesses Students should be directly involved in the process of production This will be an important time for seafood students to access and accumulate necessary practical experience such as improving occupational skills, accessing new technologies, and undergoing work pressure before become the official labor force for the fisheries sector + For seafood businesses */ For employees: Workers should be aware that, in order to develop tourism industry of fisheries development investment towards sustainability, they need to improve their technical and managerial qualifications to apply the investment models of seafood development, clean technology and Environmentally friendly: VietGap, Biofloc, effective Therefore, they need to actively participate in a full range of training courses related to techniques of aquaculture, aquaculture and aquaculture, introduce and guide the application of effective aquaculture production models that the agriculture extension center encourages Fishery, organized 4.3.2.5 Solutions to promote investment in development, application of scientific and technological advances, advanced production processes and research and development in the fisheries sector - Improve the people's intellectual level, train high-quality workers to meet the requirements of seafood development investment, apply green production processes, VietGAP, GlobalGAP, and ecology In addition, reviewing the qualifications of local fisheries development staff to supplement the knowledge needed for the implementation of science and technology policies ; follow the direction of local officials who are both policy implementers and technical consultants and evaluation of application results to help local people - Further strengthening information on results of scientific and technological applications in the fisheries sector Especially at the local level, it is necessary to introduce and provide information to farmers about successful fishery models It is necessary to focus on introducing models of investment in fishery production right in Nghe An to the people of Nghe An, especially in regions with 22 similar conditions so that people can believe more in research results and be more brave in investing Science and technology for fisheries 4.3.2.6 Investment solutions to renovate forms of production organization and management according to the aquatic value chain The State should issue a legal corridor for the value chain and links in the chain, ensure legal interests between the participants, prevent the enterprise or farmer's household from actively abandoning the linkage, causing serious damage to the interests of the parties Clearly define the obligations of the parties in the performance of the contract - this is a legal document binding responsibilities between the parties, especially the time of harvest and payment; supplement sanctions to deal with breaches of contract, handle specific issues arising in the process of production and dispute resolution 4.3.2.7 Solutions to increase investment in market development for the fisheries sector - First, access and expand the distribution system of aquatic products at home and abroad - Second, establish a system of traceability of fishery products - Thirdly, solutions on consumption of aquatic products - Fourthly, to build synchronously a system of legal documents prescribing the quality of aquatic products permitted for sale on the market 4.3.2.8 Strengthening regional links and cooperation with the local and international investment in the development of the fisheries sector in the direction of durable solid - Handling of environmental issues affecting the field of fisheries economic from the activities of the economic sectors of the provinces - Technology transfer in aquaculture and processing between localities: - Promote cooperation and international integration CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS Conclusion Fisheries development investment towards sustainability is a right direction in the context of strong international economic integration and increasingly complex climate change In that investment process, it is necessary to identify science and technology as a central element that creates a breakthrough, stable, efficient and sustainable development for the fisheries sector Nghe An fisheries sector has achieved significant achievements in recent years, but the actual operation of the industry still reveals the weaknesses of a small fishery, productivity, low quality and production value income and life of farmers are still difficult, environmental pollution still occurs With the desire to change this situation, the author of the thesis makes the point that Nghe An province must take 23 breakthrough steps, and must be determined to invest in the development of the fisheries sector in a sustainable manner Based on that determination, in order to carry out the research task, the thesis has built a theoretical basis for fisheries development investment towards sustainability including: Analysis of concepts related to the topic; Explain clearly the sources of investment capital, content and factors affecting fisheries development investment towards sustainability; Set criteria to assess the impact of fisheries development investment towards sustainability In order to have a reliable basis, the author has synthesized and analyzed the theories to guide the implementation of the contents of fisheries development investment towards sustainability and generalized some practical models in the Vietnam and other localities in the country, from which to draw useful lessons for Nghe An The dissertation also evaluated the current situation of Nghe An fisheries investment and development in the period of 2012-2017, presented the achieved achievements and highlighted the remaining limitations, explained the causes, analysis of some basic factors affecting fisheries development investment towards sustainability in the area, building a quantitative model of factors affecting the investment demand for fisheries development under sustainable direction From the analysis of international and domestic contexts; The author proposes perspectives and orientations for i fisheries development investment towards sustainability with key objectives In order to realize these orientations, the thesis proposes solutions for Nghe An province to promote fisheries development investment towards sustainability with high efficiency and sustainability in the coming period Request - First, to support synchronous investment in fishery infrastructure systems such as irrigation systems for aquaculture; fishing ports, fishing wharves, storm shelters for fishing vessels to anchor; modernize the fishery information system - Second, complete the investment incentive policies in the fisheries sector - Third, on investment promotion in fisheries - Fourth, improve the efficiency of managing rules for fisheries development investment towards sustainability - Fifth, amend and supplement regulations on environmental standards, limit environmental pollution in the fisheries sector - Sixth, investment credit policy for fisheries development investment towards sustainability - Seventh, finalize policies to encourage fisheries development investment 24 ... Yen Thanh, Nam Dan, TP.Vinh, Thanh Chuong and Nghia Dan - Time range: Assess the situation of development investment towards sustainability in the period (2012-2017), demand until 2025 and following... overloaded, cannot meet the demand for fishing; ii) The management and protection of fisheries resources are still inadequate, equipment, management and enforcement capacity, compliance with IUU... development investment towards sustainability in Nghe An province Theoretical and practical meanings of the thesis + Theoretical meaning of the thesis: - The theory of development investment towards sustainability