Chapter 4, Drug orders. This chapter begins with the seven rights of medication administration, abbreviations, and controlled substances. This chapter shows the various ways in which drug orders may be written and how to interpret physicians’ orders and prescriptions. It emphasizes safety and shows how drug orders and prescriptions can easily be misread, giving added detail to detecting errors and forged or altered prescriptions.
MathforthePharmacyTechnician: ConceptsandCalculations EglerBooth Chapter4:DrugOrders McGrawưHill â2010bytheMcGrawưHillCompanies,IncAllRightsReserved 4ư2 DrugOrders McGrawưHill â2010bytheMcGrawưHillCompanies,IncAllRightsReserved 43 Learning Objectives When you have successfully completed Chapter 4, you will have mastered skills to be able to: Summarize the Rights of Medication Administration Interpret a written drug order. Identify on the information on a medication order needed to dispense medications McGrawHill ©2010 by the McGrawHill Companies, Inc All Rights Reserved 44 Learning Objectives (con’t) Locate on medication administration records or medication cards the information needed to administer medication Recognize incomplete drug orders. Select appropriate action for confusing, incomplete, or illegible drug orders McGrawHill ©2010 by the McGrawHill Companies, Inc All Rights Reserved 45 Learning Objectives (con’t) Identify and verify DEA numbers Recognize classifications of controlled substances Recognize prescription errors and forged or altered prescriptions Interpret and use pharmaceutical and medical abbreviations and terminology McGrawHill ©2010 by the McGrawHill Companies, Inc All Rights Reserved 46 Introduction In order to correctly calculate a medication dose, you must be able to read and understand the drug order This chapter will discuss: Drug orders Patient’s rights Medication administration systems Your responsibilities McGrawHill ©2010 by the McGrawHill Companies, Inc All Rights Reserved The Rights of Medication Administration 47 1. Right patient 2. Right drug To prevent 3. Right dose errors, check 4. Right route the rights! 5. Right time 6. Right technique 7. Right documentation McGrawHill ©2010 by the McGrawHill Companies, Inc All Rights Reserved 48 Right Patient You are responsible if an error occurs Name on original order must be exactly the same as the name on the Medication Administration Record (MAR), medication card, or prescription Verify the full name Ask “What is your name?” Check the bed number and tag Read the patient’s identification bracelet McGrawHill ©2010 by the McGrawHill Companies, Inc All Rights Reserved 49 Right Drug Only give drugs that you have prepared yourself Or that are clearly and completely labeled Check the expiration date If the patient questions a medication, then recheck it A patient always has the right to refuse a medication Dispose of medicine according to facility guidelines McGrawHill ©2010 by the McGrawHill Companies, Inc All Rights Reserved 410 Right Drug (con’t) Always check medication three times: 1. when you take it off the shelf 2. when you prepare it when you replace it on the shelf Check it three times even if it is prepackaged, labeled, and ready to be administered McGrawHill ©2010 by the McGrawHill Companies, Inc All Rights Reserved Verbal Physician’s Orders 452 If the physician is unable to write or personally sign an order, verbal orders may be used These are governed by state laws as to which personnel may accept verbal orders You must be legally permitted to accept a telephone order McGrawHill ©2010 by the McGrawHill Companies, Inc All Rights Reserved 453 Verbal Physician’s Orders (con’t) Write the order carefully and legibly as you receive it, not after the call Identify it as a verbal order Read the order back to the physician McGrawHill ©2010 by the McGrawHill Companies, Inc All Rights Reserved 454 CAUTION! Always be certain that you are dispensing the correct medication Many drugs have names that are similar Darvon McGrawHill Diovan ©2010 by the McGrawHill Companies, Inc All Rights Reserved Medication Administration Systems 455 Most facilities have a standard schedule for administering medication Person who verifies the transcription ensures that the times listed are appropriate for the medications Times may need to be adjusted according to mealtimes or conflicting medication schedules McGrawHill ©2010 by the McGrawHill Companies, Inc All Rights Reserved 456 Sample Times for Medication Administration Frequency Ordered Times to Administer qd 0800 bid 0800 – 2000 tid 0800 – 1400 – 2000 qid 0800 – 1200 – 1600 – 2000 q 12 hrs 0800 – 2000 q 8 hrs 2400 – 0800 – 1600 q 6 hrs 2400 – 0600 – 1200 – 1800 Every night at bedtime 2000 McGrawHill ©2010 by the McGrawHill Companies, Inc All Rights Reserved Medication Administration Records (MAR) 457 Legal documents Handwritten or computerized printouts Contains same information as a physician’s order form Specify the actual times to administer the medication Provide a place to document each medication administration By law, after you give a medication you must immediately document it McGrawHill ©2010 by the McGrawHill Companies, Inc All Rights Reserved Medication Administration Records (con’t) 458 An MAR must include the following information: Name of medication, dose, route, frequency Times that accurately reflect the frequency specified Name and identification number of patient Date of order End date of narcotics and antibiotics Special instructions, diagnosis, weight, etc McGrawHill ©2010 by the McGrawHill Companies, Inc All Rights Reserved Review and Practice 459 Is the following MAR complete? If not, what is missing? McGrawHill ©2010 by the McGrawHill Companies, Inc All Rights Reserved 460 Review and Practice Answer: In the previous MAR the order is written correctly and all information is complete McGrawHill ©2010 by the McGrawHill Companies, Inc All Rights Reserved Review and Practice 461 Is the following MAR complete? If not, what is missing? McGrawHill ©2010 by the McGrawHill Companies, Inc All Rights Reserved 462 Review and Practice Answer: In the previous MAR: Order A is correct Order B dose not include the strength of the medication Order C contains an error in the times listed Order D does not include a route McGrawHill ©2010 by the McGrawHill Companies, Inc All Rights Reserved 463 Medication Reference Materials You must be familiar with drug information sources Resources Physicians’ Desk Reference (PDR) United States Pharmacopeia National Formulary Drug handbooks Internet sites Software programs used with personal digital assistant (PDA) McGrawHill ©2010 by the McGrawHill Companies, Inc All Rights Reserved 464 Review and Practice Which of the Rights of medication administration is not listed? right patient right drug right dose right time right technique right documentation Answer: right route McGrawHill ©2010 by the McGrawHill Companies, Inc All Rights Reserved 465 Review and Practice What do the following abbreviations mean? pc os qd supp BP McGrawHill after meals left eye every day suppository blood pressure ©2010 by the McGrawHill Companies, Inc All Rights Reserved 466 Drug Orders You must be 100 percent accurate in interpreting medication orders. I. Heal, MD Best Medical Clinic 1234567890 Name Anna Versary Date April 19, 2012 Address Rx: Lopressor 50 mg QUANTITY: # 90 SIG: i tab po tid Refills: 5 AH1234567 I. Heal, MD Prescriber ID # THE END McGrawHill ©2010 by the McGrawHill Companies, Inc All Rights Reserved ... ©2010 by the McGrawHill Companies, Inc All Rights Reserved 4 23 Table 4 4 “Undesirable” Abbreviations McGrawHill ©2010 by the McGrawHill Companies, Inc All Rights Reserved 4 24 Table 4 4 “Undesirable” Abbreviations (con’t)... See Tables 4 3 and 4 4 on the following slides Be certain to check abbreviations carefully when reading drug orders McGrawHill ©2010 by the McGrawHill Companies, Inc All Rights Reserved 4 22 Table 4 3 “Do Not Use” Abbreviations... ©2010 by the McGrawHill Companies, Inc All Rights Reserved 4 31 Physician’s Drug Order Full name of the patient Full name of the drug The dose The route The time The frequency Signature of prescribing physician The date