Lecture Math for the pharmacy technician: Concepts and calculations: Chapter 5 – Lynn M. Egler, Kathryn A. Booth

Chapter 5, Drug labels, package inserts, and references, teaches students how to find a wide range of information common to all drug labels and package inserts, then specifi cally how to fi nd information about oral and parenteral medications and medications administered by other routes.

MathforthePharmacyTechnician: ConceptsandCalculations EglerBooth Chapter5:DrugLabels,Package Inserts,andReferences Inserts,andReferences McGrawưHill â2010bytheMcGrawưHillCompanies,IncAllRightsReserved 5ư2 DrugLabelsandPackageInserts McGraw­Hill  ©2010 by the McGraw­Hill Companies, Inc All Rights Reserved 5­3 Learning Objectives When you have successfully completed Chapter 5, you will have  mastered skills to be able to:   Identify on a drug label the drug name, form,  dosage strength, route, warnings, and  manufacturing and storage information Locate directions on drug labels and  package inserts for reconstituting and  diluting medications McGraw­Hill  ©2010 by the McGraw­Hill Companies, Inc All Rights Reserved 5­4 Learning Objectives (con’t)    Recognize different types of tablets and  capsules Distinguish administration routes for  medications Locate additional information in a package  insert McGraw­Hill  ©2010 by the McGraw­Hill Companies, Inc All Rights Reserved 5­5 Introduction     Now that you have learned basic math,  equipment, and drug orders, it is time to learn  about drugs The drug label and package inserts contain  information that you need to perform dosage  calculations Be sure you know exactly what is on the drug  label Be sure to read the fine print McGraw­Hill  ©2010 by the McGraw­Hill Companies, Inc All Rights Reserved 5­6 Locating Information on Drug Labels  and Package Inserts  Drug name  Form of the drug  Dosage strength  Total amount in the container  Warnings  Route of administration  Storage requirements  Manufacturing information McGraw­Hill  ©2010 by the McGraw­Hill Companies, Inc All Rights Reserved 5­7 Drug Name Generic name =  official name  By law this name  must appear on  the label Trade name =  brand name used  to market the  drug Levothyroxine Sodium = Synthroid (genericname) McGrawưHill (tradename) â2010bytheMcGrawưHillCompanies,IncAllRightsReserved 5ư8 DrugName(cont) Registeredmarkđưưindicatesthenamehas been legally registered with the U.S. Patent  and Trademark Office Several companies may manufacture the  same drug and market it under different  trade names McGraw­Hill  ©2010 by the McGraw­Hill Companies, Inc All Rights Reserved 5­9 Drug Name (con’t)  Youmustknowboththegenericandtrade namesofdrugs Example Vicodinđisanarcoticpainkiller Genericname:hydrocodonebitartrate andacetaminophen Othertradenames:Anexsiađ,Lortabđ, Zydoneđ McGrawưHill â2010bytheMcGrawưHillCompanies,IncAllRightsReserved 5­10 Form of the Drugs  Solid oral medications   Liquids   tablets, capsules, gelcaps, caplets oral, injections, inhalants, drops, sprays, mists Other  ointments, creams, lotions, patches,  suppositories, shampoos McGraw­Hill  ©2010 by the McGraw­Hill Companies, Inc All Rights Reserved 5­30 Oral Drugs (con’t)   You may break tablets to give a partial  dose only when the tablets are scored.  Enteric­coated, controlled­release,  extended­release, and sustained­release  medications should never be crushed or  broken McGraw­Hill  ©2010 by the McGraw­Hill Companies, Inc All Rights Reserved 5­31 Oral Drugs (con’t) Abbreviations such as SR, CR, and ER listed  after the drug name indicates a special  drug action  SR = sustained release  CR = controlled release  ER = extended­release McGraw­Hill  ©2010 by the McGraw­Hill Companies, Inc All Rights Reserved 5­32 Oral Drugs (con’t) Liquids  Oral Solutions  Syrups  Elixirs  Oral Suspension  Simply Liquids McGraw­Hill  ©2010 by the McGraw­Hill Companies, Inc All Rights Reserved 5­33 Oral Drugs (con’t)  Whenyoureconstituteadrug,you mustwriteyourinitialsaswellasthe timeanddateofreconstitutiononthe label McGrawưHill â2010bytheMcGrawưHillCompanies,IncAllRightsReserved 5ư34 ReviewandPractice Whatisthetradenameofthedrug? Lexaprođ How should this medication be administered? What is the dosage strength? McGraw­Hill  Orally 10 mg/tablet ©2010 by the McGraw­Hill Companies, Inc All Rights Reserved 5­35 Parenteral Drugs  Packaged as     Single­use ampules or vials Single­use prefilled syringes Multi­use vials Small containers have small labels   Difficult to read Often need to review package insert McGraw­Hill  ©2010 by the McGraw­Hill Companies, Inc All Rights Reserved 5­36 Parenteral Drugs (con’t)  Routes       Intradermally (ID) Intramuscularly (IM) Intravenously (IV) Subcutaneously (Sub­Q) Inhalants Transdermal delivery McGraw­Hill  ©2010 by the McGraw­Hill Companies, Inc All Rights Reserved 5­37 Parenteral Drugs (con’t)  Dosage strength expressed as      ratio mg or  mcg units percent mEq McGraw­Hill  ©2010 by the McGraw­Hill Companies, Inc All Rights Reserved 5­38 Review and Practice What is the dosage strength  of the drug? 0.2 mg/mL What is the drug’s name? Furosemide What is the route of administration? IM or IV McGraw­Hill  ©2010 by the McGraw­Hill Companies, Inc All Rights Reserved 5­39 Drugs Administered by Other  Routes         Sublingually (under the tongue) Buccally (between the tongue and cheek) Rectally  Vaginally Topical Eye or Ear drops Transdermal Inhalants McGraw­Hill  ©2010 by the McGraw­Hill Companies, Inc All Rights Reserved 5­40 Drugs Administered by Other  Routes (con’t)  Dosage Strength  Varies according to medication  Examples   may be written as 0.2 mg/hr (absorbed  over time through the skin) or 84 mcg (dosage per metered spray) McGraw­Hill  ©2010 by the McGraw­Hill Companies, Inc All Rights Reserved 5­41 Review and Practice What is another name for the brand  name? Answer:  trade name What is the official name of a drug? Answer:  generic name McGraw­Hill  ©2010 by the McGraw­Hill Companies, Inc All Rights Reserved 5­42 Review and Practice True or False  Enteric­coated tablets can be crushed and  mixed with food Answer:  False Capsules may be opened and mixed with  food Answer:  True McGraw­Hill  ©2010 by the McGraw­Hill Companies, Inc All Rights Reserved 5­43 Review and Practice True or False  You may administer a drug after the  expiration date has expired if you do not  have any new ones Answer:  False You can use as much solution as     you need to reconstitute a powdered  medication Answer:  False McGraw­Hill  ©2010 by the McGraw­Hill Companies, Inc All Rights Reserved 5­44 Drug Labels and Package Inserts Make sure you know exactly what is found on a drug label, and  do not forget to read the fine print.  THE END McGraw­Hill  ©2010 by the McGraw­Hill Companies, Inc All Rights Reserved ... Identify on a drug label the drug name, form,  dosage strength, route, warnings, and manufacturing and storage information Locate directions on drug labels and package inserts for reconstituting and diluting medications... If you see a situation where another form of a  drug may work better, consult the physician  or pharmacist about changing the form of the drug McGraw­Hill  ©2010 by the McGraw­Hill Companies, Inc All Rights Reserved 5 26... is usually used in drug orders Lortab® 5/ 500 1 tab q 4­6 h PRN for pain (Lortab® contains 5 mg hydrocodone bitartrate and 50 0 mg acetaminophen) McGraw­Hill  ©2010 by the McGraw­Hill Companies, Inc All Rights Reserved