Xin giới thiệu tới các bạn học sinh, sinh viên Lesson 2: The past simple and the present perfect (Thì quá khứ đơn và thì hiện tại hoàn thành). Trong tài liệu này các bạn sẽ được tìm hiểu về cấu trúc và cách dùng thì quá khứ đơn và thì hiện tại hoàn thành.
Trang 1LESSON 2 The past simple and the present perfect (Thì quá kh đ n và thì hi n t i hoàn thành)ứ ơ ệ ạ
A. The past simple (Thì quá kh đ n)ứ ơ
I. C u trúcấ
(+) S + Ved/ Phân t 1(c từ ộ 2 trong b ngả Đ ngộ t ừ
BQT)
() S + didn’t + V
(?) Did + S + V ?
(+) S + was/were +
() S + was/ were + not + (?) Was/ were + S +
II. Cách dùng
1. Hành đ ng đã x y ra và k t thúc t i 1 th i gian xác đ nh trong quá kh , ộ ả ế ạ ờ ị ứ
không còn ti p di n hi n t i ế ễ ở ệ ạ
M t s t ch th i gian thộ ố ừ ỉ ờ ường dùng: yesterday, at that moment, last week, 2 years ago
He went to Hà N i last yearộ
I and Mary bought these shirts yesterday
He was a driver 3 years ago. Now he isn’t
B. The present continuous (Thì hi n t i hoàn thành)ệ ạ
I. C u trúcấ
+) S + have/has + PII
() S + have/has not + PII
(?) Have/ Has + S + PII
Trang 21. Hành đ ng x y ra kéo dài t quá kh đ n hi n t i và còn có th ti p di n ộ ả ừ ứ ế ệ ạ ể ế ễ
trong t ươ ng lai
I’ve traveled to many countries in the world
Tom’s never loved any girls
Jones has lived in that house for 20 years
2. Hành đ ng x y ra trong quá kh và đ l i K T QU trong hi n t i ộ ả ứ ể ạ Ế Ả ệ ạ
Where’s your bag? I don’t know. I’ve lost it
I don’t see Sally anywhere. She’s gone
NOTE:
a. FOR & SINCE
For + Kho ng th i gian (đả ờ ược bao nhiêu th i gian r i)ờ ồ
Since + M c th i gian ( k t khi nào)ố ờ ể ừ
We’ve known each other for 2 years
I haven’t seen Carol for ages
She hasn’t visited me since May
I’ve lived in Italy since 1998
b. JUST, ALREADY & YET
* Just: v a m iừ ớ
Trang 3 Do you know where Robert is? Yes, I’ve just seen him
* Already: đã r iồ
What time is Tim leaving? He’s already gone
Is Kate coming to the cinema with us? No, she’s already seen the film
* Yet: ch aư
He hasn’t read today newspaper yet
Have you got the ticket yet?
c. EVER & NEVER
Ever: đã t ng ừ
Never: ch a t ng, ch a bao giư ừ ư ờ
Have you ever played football? No, never
He has never given me a gift
Has he ever stayed alone in a forest? Yes, ever
d. FIRST TIME, SECOND TIME
This is the first time I’ve loved a man
I’ve already seen this film. It’s the fourth time I’ve seen it
This is the second time she’s moved house
e. TODAY, THIS WEEK, THIS MORNING
Mary’s done a lot of work today
I haven’t watched any football matches this week
Trang 4Present perfect and past simple
I. Use the correct verb forms and FOR or SINCE
1. I … … (not have) time to do any typing… …Monday
2. The boy … … (wear) the same old clothes …… a week
3. He … … (not ride) a bike… …2000
4. It … … (not show) here… ages
5. They … … (live) in that house … it was built
6. My neighbor… (not speak) to me … … more than two months
7. She… … (wait) for you … two hours and a half.
8. My father… … (not get) enough exercise his last operation
9. Our sister … ……. (apply) for jobs…. …… she left school last summer
II. Correct the mistakes in the following sentences
1. I have been in Mexico during the summer of 1998
2. Three years ago I had been a student at a university in New York
3. We took the bus downtown, did a few errands, and had gone to lunch
4. The doctor had seen ten patients since 8 o’clock this morning.
5. He is studying English for the last 5 years.
6. I am studying here since August.
7. We have met several fascinating people at the conference last week.
Trang 59. I’ve been owning this answer phone for three years
10. They haven’t been selling all tickets for the Cup Final yet
III. Use the correct verb form
1. A few days ago I (learn) that someone plans to knock down the White Horse Inn. This pub (be) the centre of the village life for the centuries. It (stand) at our crossroads for 500 years. It (be)
famous in the old days, and Shakespeare once (stay) there, they say. I (live) in Brickfield all my life. The villagers
(know) about the plan for less than a week and already there’s a “Save our Pub” campaign. Last week we (be) happy, but this week we are angry.
We will stop them, you’ll see
2
A: (you/finish) your homework yet?
B: No. I (not/start) it yet. How about you?
A: I (already/do) it. I (finish) it an hour ago
3. Where (you/be) since you (leave) the party?
4. The house looks nice. Who (decorate) it?
5. (She/have) a holiday this year? No, not yet
6. This is the second time we (visit) Dalat