+ Mệnh đề tính ngữ không xác định khi thành phần trong câu đã được xác định bằng tính từ sở hữu, tính từ chỉ định hoặc yếu tố duy nhất.. NOTICE1[r]
(1)UNIT 5 TECHNOLLOGY AND YOU
A The present perfect ( Thì hồn thành). I Cách dùng:
* Diễn tả việc vừa xảy thời gian không nêu rõ, thường dùng với just, recently, lately:
Ví dụ:
-We’ve just taken a test
( Chúng vừa làm kiểm tra) -Have you seen any interestingfilm recently (Gần bạn có xem phim thú vị không?)
*Diễn tả hành động xảy khứ có hậu liên quan tới tại; thường dùng với: yet, already, ever, never:
Ví dụ:
- Kate looks much thinner She has lost a lot of weight ( Kate trông gầy nhiều, Cô giảm cân nhiều)
- I’ve already done the washing- up, so you won’t have to it ( Tôi rửa bát rồi, nên bạn khơng phải làm việc nữa) - Have you ever eaten Japanese food?
( Anh có ăn ăn Nhật chưa?) - I’ve never heard such a strange story before
( Tôi chưa nghe câu chuyện kỳ lạ trước đây)
* Diễn tả hành động bắt đầu khứ chưa kết thúc tiếp tục tương lai, thường dùng với: so far, up till now, for, since, how long: Ví dụ:
- My father has worked in the same office for 25 years
( Ba làm việc văn phòng 25 năm nay) - Dung and Son have been married for ten years now
(Dung Sơn lấy 10 năm nay) NOTICE:
Chú ý khác dùng “been” “gone” với hồn thành: Ví dụ:
- She’s been to Canada
(Sometime in her life but she isn’t there now)
Cố đến Canada Nhưng k - She’s gone to Canada ( She’s there now)
Cô Ca na da.( Hiện cô Ca na đa) II Cấu trúc ngữ pháp.
*Câu khẳng định: S + Has/ Have + PP(V3)
She/ He/ It/ Name1 + Has + PP. You/ We/ They/ I + Have + PP Ví dụ: I have had lunch
She has had lunch
* Câu phủ định: S + Has/ Have + not + PP(V3) Ví dụ: I have not had lunch
She has not had lunch
A The present perfect
(2)* Câu nghi vấn: Has/ Have + S + PP(V3) Ví dụ: Have you had lunch?
Has she had lunch?
Exercise 1: Put in the present perfect or past simple of the verbs in brackets I have had (have) these shoes since my eighteen birthday
2 I tidied (tidy) my desk, but now it’s in a mess again The last time I went (go) to Brighton was in August
4 I’d like to meet a ghost, but I have never seen (never/ see) one
5 And the race is over! And Micky Simpson has won (win) in a record time! I worked (work) for a computer company for a year That was after college what time did you get ( you/ get) to work this morning?
8 Martin has been (be) to Greece five times He loves the place
9 The President has come (come) out of the building and is going to make a speech
10 You won’t believe this, but I’ve got some tickets for the concert ~ Oh, well done How did you get ( you/ get) them?
11 Of course I can ride a bike But I have not ridden (not/ ride) one for years 12 How you ever baked (you/ ever/ bake) your own bread?
13 Rupert has left (leave) a message for you He rang (ring) last night 14 Have you seen (you/ see) the news today? ~ No, not yet
15 We moved (move) here in 1993 We have been (be) here a long time now III Một số từ thường dùng với Hiện Tại Hoàn Thành.
* For + khoảng thời gian( bao lâu) Ví dụ: She has been a doctor for ten years
Cô làm bác sỹ 10 năm rồi) * Since + mốc thời gian ( từ khi) Ví dụ: I’ve learned English since 2000
Tôi học tiếng anh từ năm 2000
* Since + mệnh đề thời gian khứ ( từ khi). Ví dụ: I’ve learned English since I was 10
Tôi học tiếng anh từ năm lên 10 tuổi * How long + mệnh đề ( bao lậu) Ví dụ: How long have you worked for this company?
Bạn làm việc cho công ty rồi? * Just ( vừa mới)
Ví dụ: He has just gone out Anh ta vừa
* Already (đã… dùng để nhấn mạnh việc xảy sớm mong đợi) Ví dụ: Have you posted the letter?
Bạn gửi thư chưa? I have already posted it Mình gửi
* Yet ( chưa – thường dùng câu phủ định nghi vấn) Ví dụ: He has not come yet
Anh chưa đến
Have you had breakfast yet? Bạn ăn sáng chưa?
* Lately/ Recently (gần đây) Ví dụ: He hasn’t been here lately
(3)Bạn nghe nói tác phẩm ơng chưa? * So far/ Up to now (cho đến nay)
Ví dụ: So far I have never get a high mark in an important exam Cho đến chưa đạt điểm cao kỳ thi quan trọng * This is the first/ second time (đây lần đầu tiên/ lần thứ 2) Ví dụ: This is the first time I’ve driven a car
Đây lần lái xe
* Today/ This morning/ afternoon/ month/ year ( Tại thời điểm nói, khoảng thời gian chưa kết thúc)
Ví dụ: I have gone to the cinema twice this week Tuần xem phim rạp hai lần * Been/ Gone (Đã từng)
Ví dụ: Ann is on holiday She has gone to Italy
Ann nghỉ Cô Ý.[ Nghĩa là: Ý đường đến Ý] Ann is back to England now She has been to Italy
Bây Ann Anh cô đến Ý [ Ann khơng cịn Ý nữa] B The present perfect passive.
Active: S + have/ has + PP(V3) + O
Passive: S +have/ has + been + PP (V3) (+by + O) Ví dụ: - Hundreds of bridges have been biult by the volunteer students
(Hàng trăm cầu xây dựng bỡi sinh viên tình nguyện) - This program has been shown on TV several times
(Chương trình chiếu ti vi vài lần rồi) Exercise:
Write the sentences using the passive
1 People should send their complaints to the main office Complaints should be sent to the main office
2 Somebody might have stolen your car if you had left the keys in it Your car might have been stolen if you had left the keys in it A short circuit could have caused the fire
The fire could have been caused by a short circuit Somebody has robbed the bank near our house The bank near our house has been robbed Somebody told me to wait outside
I was told to wait outside
6 Nobody has invited her to the party She has not been invited to the party Somebody has driven them to the airport They have been driven to the airport Nobody sent us any tickets
We were not sent any tickets
9 Has someone decorated my bedroom? Has my bedroom been decorated? 10 Did anything disturb you in the night?
Were you disturbed (by anything) in the night? C Relatives: WHO, WHICH, THAT
1 WHO: Dùng thay cho danh từ người, làm chủ ngữ tân ngữ dùng ở vị trí tân ngữ dùng “WHO” “WHOM”.
Ví dụ: - This is the man who/ whom I was telling you about Đây người đàn ông tô kể cho bạn nghe
(4)Đây người đàn ông cứu sống
2 WHICH: Dùng thay danh từ vật loài vật; làm chủ ngữ tân ngữ. Ví dụ: - They lived in a house which was built 50 years ago
Họ sống nhà xây 50 năm trước
- They lived in a house which their parents built 50 years ago Họ sống nhà mà ba mẹ họ xây cách 50 năm trước 3 THAT: Có thể dùng vị trí WHO or WHICH
- These are the students that won the competition Đây học sinh thắng kỳ thi
- We visited the museum that had had some famous paitings Chúng đến thăm bảo tàng nơi có vài tranh tiếng NOTICE:
- THAT không dùng mệnh đề không hạn định.
- Mệnh đề hạn định: Là thành phần câu, thiếu, khơng thể bỏ đi được.
Ví dụ: The book is interesting The book is on the tables The book which is on the table is interesting
- Mệnh đề không hạn định: Là mệnh đề phụ nhằm cung cấp thông tin, làm thành phần không bản, bỏ được.
Ví dụ: - Nam’s book is interesting It is on the table Nam’s book, which is on the table, is interesting NOTICE.
+ Mệnh đề đứng hai dấu phẩy.
+ Mệnh đề tính ngữ khơng xác định thành phần câu xác định bằng tính từ sở hữu, tính từ định yếu tố nhất.
NOTICE.
Các trường hợp không dùng THAT. + Giới từ đứng trước đại từ quna hệ. - I know the man with whom you live
+ Mệnh đề có chứa từ lượng ( some of/ most of/ a lot of/ both of/ neither of/ a pair of…)
- They met many children, most of whom were girls + Đại từ quan hệ thay mệnh đề đứng trước nó.
- He often sailed across the lake, which nobody had done before Exercise.
Complete sentences 1-5, using a relative pronoun where necessary.
1 The man is talking to my father Last week he spent fifteen minutes measuring our kitchen
The man who spent fifteen minutes measuring our kitchen is talking to my father.
The man who is talking to my father spent fifteen minutes measuring our kitchen.
2 The architect designed these flats He has moved to Ho Chi Minh City
The architect who has moved to HCM City designed these flats.
The architect who designed these flats has moved to HCM City.
3 The young man lives on the corner He rides an expensive motorbike
The young man who rides an expensive motorbike lives on the corner.
The young man who lives on the corner rides an expensive motorbike.
4 I’m reading the book I bought it in Sydney in 1996
I’m reading the book which I bought in Sydney in 1996.
5 I will introduce the man to you He is sharing the flat with me
(5)