Đánh giá môi trường chiến lược phương pháp luận và thử nghiệm ở việt nam

GS.TSKH PHAM NGOC DANG (Chu bien) PGS.TS NGUYiN VIET ANH, TS NGUY§N KHAC KINH GVC TRAN DONG PHONG, TS TRAN VAN Y DANH GIA MOI TRUONG CHIEN LU'O’C PHlfONG PHAP LUAN VA THlT NGHIEM ■ ■ (Tai ban) NHA XUAT BAN XAY DITNG HA NOI - 2008 VIET NAM ■ C H VIET TAT ADB - 'Jgan hang Chau A BVMT- Bao ve moi trirdng DM - gia mdi trirdng DMC -Danh gia mdi trudng chien luge DTM -Danh gia tac dong mdi trudng EC - U’ ban Chau Au GIS - le thdng thdng tin dia ly JICA -7a quan Hgp tac Qudc te cua Nhat Ban KH&KT - Khoa hoc va ky thuat KT - XI - Kinh te - xa hoi MT - ISoi trudng PTBV Phat tridn bdn vung CL, QL KH - Chien luge, quy hoach, ke hoach CL, QI, KH, CT - Chien luge, quy hoach, ke hoach, chuong trinh CS, QI/KH, CT : Chfnh sach, quy hoach/ke hoach, chuong trinh T C M T Tieu chuan mdi trudng TCVN- Tieu chuan Viet Nam UK - ''uong Qudc Anh WB - Igan hang The' gidi LC(I NOI DAU Thuc tidn didn bien mdi truong d nudc ta cung nhu d nhidu nudc tren the giofi cho thay : da thuc hien danh gia tac dong moi truong doi vdi moi du an cong trinh phat tridn cu the, nhung moi trudng vSn cang bi o nhidm hon, tai nguydn thien nhien cang bi suy thoai hon, mot nhirng nguyen nhan chinh gay tinh trang tren la danh gia tac ddng moi trudng ddi vdi cac du an cdng trinh cu thd chi cd kha nang ngan ngua va giam thidu tac dong tieu cuc cua tung cong trinh cu thd, chua xem xet danh gia tac dong mdi trudng tong hop, tich luy va tuong hd mdi lien quan tdng thd cua tat ca cac du an cdng trinh, cac chuong trinh va cac hoat dong cua cac du an chien luge, quy hoach hay ke hoach phat trien Vi vay da sinh nhu cau can cd them cong cu quan ly moi trudng mdi, cd tfnh tdng hgp hon, la "Danh gid mdi trudng chien luac" Danh gia moi trudng chien luge la danh gia tac dong mdi trudng cd tfnh chien lirgc ddi vdi cac chien luge, quy hoach, ke hoach phat tridn kinh te - xa hdi No la mot mon khoa hoc mdi khong nhung doi vdi nudc ta ma cdn ddi vdi r^t nhidu nudc tren the gidi Danh gia mdi trudng chien luge (DMC) la mot cong cu quan ly mdi truong rat co hieu qua, dugc hau het cac nudc tren the gidi sir dung dd phong ngua o nhidm, ngan chan suy thoai moi trudng, su dung hgp ly tai nguyen thidn nhien cua dia phuong, cua vung va ciia quoc gia qua trinh phat, trien kinh te - xa hoi nharn dat dugc su phat tridn bdn vung Da co nhieu sach va tai lieu xua't ban trinh bay vd co sd khoa hoc, phircmg phap luan va quy trinh tien hanh danh gia tac dong mdi trudng (DTM) d nudc ta, nhung cho den chua cd an pham xuat ban chfnh thuc nao, vie't vd DMC Trong hon 10 nam qua d nudc ta da cd hang nghin bao cao D IM ddi vdi cac dir an phat tridn cu thd, da dugc tham dinh, gop phan tfch circ vao su nghiep BVMT d nudc ta, nhung chua cd mot DMC nao chfnh , " ■'' ' ' ' " ‘ « j: r ‘ f : : =< , ■ i\ ; j ; tht'rc cugc tien hanh Lanh gid moi trudng chien luge theo dinh nghia ciia Luat BVMT "la vide phan tfch, dir bao cac tac dong ddn moi trudng ciia du an chien luge, quy hoach, ke hoach phat tridn trudc phe duyet nharn dam bao phat tridn bdn 'ung"; Theo tai lieu ciia nudc ngoai “DMC la mot qua trinh danh gia in an j tfnh chat he thdng vd cac hau qua moi truong ciia cac du an ve chfnh sach, ke hoach va chuong trinh phat tridn kinh te - xa hoi (policies, plans, programs - PPP), nhlm bao dam rin g cdc hSu qua moi trudng duoc dd cap mot cach ddy dii va duoc giai quyet mot each thoa dang tur giai doan thfch hop som nhat co the cua qua trinh quyet dinh ve cac chfnh sach, ke hoach va chuong trinh vdi cac can nhdc day du ve mat kinh te' - xa hoi va moi trudng" Cac ke't qua dat duoc tir vide thuc hien D M C ddi vdi chfnh sach, quy hoach, ke hoach, chuong trinh tai cac nude tren the' gidi cho tha'y DMC da dem lai nhung loi l'ch rat quan cho viec hoach dinh va quyd't dinh ddi vdi cdc chfnh sach, quy hoach, kd' hoach, chuong trinh phat trien KT-XH nhdm dam bao cho su phat trien bdn vung C) nude ta Ludt BVMT (2005), duoc Qudc hoi khoa XI ky hop thu thdng qua 29 - 11 - 2005, quy dinh b it buoc phai thuc hien danh gid mdi trudng chid'n luoc tir - - 2006 ddi vdi cac chien luoc, quy hoach va ke hoach phat tridn Ke't qua thaim dinh bao cao D M C la mot nhfrng can cu de’ phd duyet dir an CL, QH, KH phat tridn Tap sach duoc bien soan nhdm muc dfch kip thdi ndng cao hidu bid't ve co sd khoa hoc va phuong phap luan dd tien hanh danh gia moi trudng chid'n luoc, thuc hien cdc dieu quy dinh cua Ludt Bao ve Moi trudng nidi duoc ban hanh d nude ta Ngudi chu tri bien soan ldi noi ddu, chuong 1, chuong va chuong la GS.TSKH Pham Ngoc Dang; chuong va chuong la PGS.TS Nguydn Viet Anh; chuong la TS Nguydn Khdc Kinh; chuong la TS Trdn Van Y (vdi sir tham gia cua ThS Nguydn Hanh Quydn va ThS Le Thi Thu Hidn) va chuong la GVC Trdn Dong Phong Ddi tuong phuc vu cua sach la cdc can b d khoa hoc, cdc can bo tu vffn, cdc can bo quan ly thudc ITnh vuc mdi trudng, cac can bo thiet kd' va lap quy hoach phat trien dd thi, quy hoach vung, quy hoach phat trien KT-XH tinh/thanh, quy hoach phat tridn cdc nganh kinh td', cdc giang vien dai hoc va cdc sinh vien, nghidn ciru sinh cua cac nganh huu quan Day la quyen sach viet v£ D M C ddu tidn duoc xud't ban d nude ta, cho ndn khdng the tranh duoc cdc khiem khuyet, rd't mong nhan duoc cdc nhdn xet va gop y cua cdc doc gia gdn xa Chuong KHAI NIEM VE DANH GIA MOI TRUCfNG CHIEN LlTOC 1.1 DINH NGHIA Thuc tidn difen bien moi trirdng d nude ta cung nhu d nhifeu nude trfen thfe gidi cho thay : da thuc hien danh gia tac dong mdi trudng ddi vdi moi du an cdng trinh phat trien cu thfe, nhung mdi trudng vSn cang bi o nhifem hon, tai nguyfen thifen nhien cang bi suy thoai hon, mot nhung I O 5J S £ ' ■ ' • | K / ■' ! ■ y nguyfen nhan chinh gay tinh trang trfen la danh gia tac dong moi trudng ddi vdi cac du an cdng trinh cu thfe chi cd kha nang ngan ngira va giam thieu tac dong tieu cuc cua tirng cdng trinh cu the, chua xem xet danh gia tac dong mdi trudng tdng hop, tfch luy va tuong hd mdi lifen quan tdng the cua tat ca cac du an cdng trinh, cac chuong trinh va cac hoat ddng ciia cac du an chien luge, quy hoach hay ke hoach phat trien Vi v^y da sinh nhu cau Ccin cd them cdng cu quan ly mdi trudng mdi, cd tfnh tdng hgp hon, dd la "Danh gia mdi trudng chifen luge" Danh gia tac ddng m di trudng (DTM), tieng Anh la Environm ent Im pact A ssessm ent (E lA ) la mot cong cu quan ly mdi trudng, da dugc hinh trfen thfe gidi hon 30 nam qua, theo dinh nghTa cua Luat BVMT, dugc Qudc hoi nuoc ta thong qua 29 thang 11 nam 2005 [9], danh gia tac ddng mdi trudng (DTM) la "Viec phdn tich, d u bao cac tac dong den mdi trudng ciia d u an ddu tu cu the de dua cac bien phap BVM T trien khai d u an do" • ,;: ■,