Chuyên đề bồi dưỡng học sinh giỏi tiếng anh 9

Phân biệt các từ đồng nghĩa hoặc gần nghĩa Đây cũng chính là câu hỏi có thể kiểm tra về độ thành thạo của học sinh trong quá trình sử dụng ngôn ngữ.. Tuy nhi Cấu trúc too + tính từ + to

CHUYÊN ĐỀ BỒI DƯỠNG HỌC SINH GIỎI

TIẾNG ANH 9

Tài liệu sưu tầm

Phần 1: PHONETICS (NGỮ ÂM)

1 SOUNDS

2 STRESS - Một số quy tắc cơ bản để nhận biết trọng âm

Phần 2: WORD FORMATION ( CẤU TẠO TỪ )

A- MỘT SỐ CÁCH THÀNH LẬP LOẠI TỪ

B- MỘT SỐ CẤU TRÚC NHẬN DIỆN LOẠI TỪ THƯỜNG GẶP:

Phần 3: ĐỌC HIỂU

1 BÀI ĐỌC HIỂU DẠNG CHỌN TỪ ĐIỀN VÀO CHỖ TRỐNG

2 BÀI ĐỌC HIỂU MỘT ĐOẠN VĂN

Phần 1: PHONETICS (NGỮ ÂM)

1 SOUNDS

CÁCH PHÁT ÂM "S" CUỐI : trong trường hợp danh từ số nhiều nhiều hoặc động

từ số ít

/ s / Khi đi sau các phụ âm sau : /f/, /k/, /p/, /t/ ,//

Ex: laughs, walks, cups, cats, tenths; books

/ iz / Khi đi sau các âm sau: /s/, /∫/, / t∫/, /z/, / ʒ,/, /ʤ /, Hoặc các chữ cái: s,

x, z, ch, sh, ce, ge, se Ex: washes , kisses , oranges…

/ z / Không thuộc hai loại trên Ex: bags , kids , days …

Ngọai lệ: bình thường chữ s phát âm /s/, nhưng có những ngoại lệ cần nhớ:

- Chữ s đọc /z /sau các từ :busy, please, easy, present, desire, music, pleasant, desert, choose, reason, preserve, poison

-Chữ s đọc /'∫/ sau các từ sugar,sure

Exercise

8 A shoots B grounds C concentrates D forests

13 A boxes B classes C potatoes D finishes

15 A dreams B heals C kills D tasks

16 A resources B stages C preserves D focuses

17 A carriages B whistles C assures D costumes

18 A offers B mounts C pollens D swords

19 A miles B words C accidents D names

20 A sports B households C minds D plays

CÁCH PHÁT ÂM “ –ED” CUỐI : Đây là hình thức Past tense và Past participle:

1 “-ed ” pronounced as / id /: sau / t, d / : Thường sau chữ t, d : Ex: wanted; decided

2 “-ed ” pronounced as / t /: sau / k, f, p, s, ∫, t∫ , / hoặc chữ p, k, f, th, s, sh, ch, gh

:.Ex: asked; stopped; laughed

3 “-ed ” pronounced as / d / : Trừ 2 trường hợp trên : Ex: moved; played;

raised, used,

Ngọai lệ: Đuôi -ed trong các tính từ sau được phát âm /id/: aged, learned, beloved,

blessed, naked, wicked, dogged, sacred, hatred, rugged,

Exercise

4 A devoted B suggested C provided D wished

7 A measured B pleased C distinguished D managed

9 A imprisoned B pointed C shouted D surrounded

10 A a.failed B reached C absored D solved

11 A invited B attended C celebrated D displayed

15 A laughed B passed C suggested D placed

16 A.believed B prepared C involved D liked

18 A collected B changed C formed D viewed

19 A walked B entertained C reached D looked

20 A.admired B looked C missed D hoped

CÁCH PHÁT MỘT SỐ NGUYÊN ÂM VÀ PHỤ ÂM THƯỜNG GẶP

1 /i:/ : sau các các chữ cái: ea, ee, ei, ie, ese

Ex: East, easy, sea, free, see, recieve, ceiing, belief, chief, Vietnamese, Chinese Except: break, great, steak

2 /u/ sau các các chữ cái: :oo, ould, u, o,

Ex: could, should, would, bush, full, butcher, woman, wolf, foot, cook, good, look, book

Except: blood, flood,

3 /u:/: sau các các chữ cái: ew, ui, ue (u-e),o oo

Ex: flew, grew, fruit, juice, clue, rule, dune, do, two, who, tomb, booth, food, tooh, tool

4 /∂/: sau các các chữ cái: ear, (-)er, -ir, -or, -ur,

Ex: learn, Earth, heard, serve, girl, bird, first, world, worm, burn, hurt, fur, nurse,

Thurday,

5 /e/: sau các các chữ cái: ea, ead

Ex: dead, bread , breath,

6 //: sau các các chữ cái: th

Ex: breath, bath, think, through ,

7 / ð /: sau các các chữ cái: the, th ,

Ex: breathe, this, that, they

8 /∫/: sau các các chữ cái: sh, s, c, ch

Ex: wash, dish, sugar, sure, social, oficial, conscious, machine, chef,

9 / t∫/; sau các các chữ cái: ch, tur

Ex: chalk, church, choose, century, natural, culture,

10 /k/ sau các các chữ cái: ch, c, k

Ex: chemistry, school, cancer, class, crowd, kitchen, like, king

BÀI TẬP VỀ CÁC NGUYÊN ÂM VÀ CÁC PHỤ ÂM KHÁC

2 A breakfast B teacher C east D please

3 A thrilling B other C through D something

5 A face B place C prepared D days

7 A scholarship B Christ C school D chicken

8 A house B harm C hour D husband

9 A hundred B exhausted C however D heat

14.A motion B question C mention D fiction

16 A change B children C machine D church

17 A write B writer C writing D written

19 A apply B university C identity D early

20 A choice B achieve C each D chemistry

2 STRESS - Một số quy tắc cơ bản để nhận biết trọng âm

1/ Trọng âm thường ít rơi vào các tiền tố(prefix) và hậu tố (suffix)

→ ví dụ: dislike, unhappy, uncertain, disappointed, unashamed, forefather

* Ngoại lệ: 'foresight , 'forecast , 'unkeep , 'upland , 'surname , 'subway Dưới đây là vài hậu tố không thay đổi dấu nhấn của từ gốc

V + ment: ag'ree(thoả thuận)

V + or : in'vent ( phát minh) => in'ventor

V + ar : beg (van xin) => 'beggar( người

ăn xin), liar ( người nói dối)

V + al : ap'prove( chấp thuận) => ap'proval

V + y : de'liver( giao hàng)=> de'livery( sự giao hàng)

V + age: pack( đóng gói ) => 'package( bưu kiện)

V + ing : under'stand( hiểu) =>

under'standing adj + ness : 'bitter ( đắng)=> 'bitterness( nỗi cay đắng)

2/ Nhìn chung, trọng âm thường rơi vào nguyên âm kép hoặc dài, ít rơi vào nguyên âm

ngắn như /∂/ hay /i/

* EX:a'bandon , 'pleasure , a'ttract , co'rrect , per'fect , in'side , 'sorry , 'rather ,

pro'duct , for'get , de'sign , en'joy

3/ Một từ hai vần vừa là động từ vừa là danh từ thì

Động từ : trọng âm thường rơi vào âm tiết thứ 2

Danh từ : trọng âm thường rơi vào âm tiết thứ 1

EX: 'rebell(n), re'bell(v), export, import, increase, object, perfect, permit, present,

produce, record, refuse

Ngoại lệ : 'promise (n), (v)

4/ Tính từ hai âm tiết trọng âm thường rơi vào âm tiết 1

Ex: present, famous, careful, patient,

- Giới từ hai âm tiết trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ 2

Ex: between above, about, across

5/ Trọng âm thường rơi vào trước các hậu tố (suffixes) sau đây một vần : ION, IC,

IAL , ICAL, UAL, ITY, IA, LOGY, IAN, IOUS, EOUS , IENCE, IENT, GRAPHY , -NOMY , -METRY

-EX: 'vision, uni'versity, phy'sician, li'brarian, Ca'nadian, Au'stralian, ex'perience,

im'patience, edu'cation, a'bility, elec'tricity, bi'ology, psy'chology, Au'stralia, 'Austria, 'Asia, ge'ography, pho'tography, e'ssential, ha'bitual, me'chanical, mathe'matical,

po'litical, de'licious, pho'netics, scien'tific, ge'ometry, a'stronomy

Ngoại Trừ (exceptions): 'lunatic, a'rithmetic, 'politics, 'Arabic, 'television

6) Trọng âm rơi vào các vần cuối sau đây: ADE, OO, OON, EE, EEN, EER,

-ESE, -AIRE, -SELF, -ETTE, -ESQUE Ex: bamboo, millionaire, engineer,

themselves, saloon, balloon, thirteen, Vietnamese, employee, agree, picturesque,

Cartoon, guarantee, kangaroo, typhoon

*Ngoại lệ : 'centigrade , 'coffee , co'mmittee , 'cukoo , 'teaspoon…

Exercise

1 a pollute b contractual c reject d marvellous

2 a mechanic b military c apologize d miraculous

3 a compulsory b intensity c kidding d invaluable

5 a curriculum b kindergarten c contaminate d.conventional

6 A apology B industrial C Industry D Disaster

7 A interview B certificate C.applicant D primary

8 A certificate B apartment C individual D biology

9 A scientific B availlable C suspicious D supportive

10 A especially B comfortably C carefully D possibly

11 A importance B subtraction C algebra D example

13 A terrific B applicant C banking D ignorant

14 A recognize B challenge C symbolize D Continue

16 A appalling B ashamed C November D architect

17 A policeman B cinema C overcoat D politics

18 A competition B intelligent C automation D information

19 A accountant B Arabic C Germany D chemistry

20 A attention B interesting C influence D television

Phần 2: WORD FORMATION (CẤU TẠO TỪ)

the poor, the blind, the deaf, the old, the sick, the weak, the unemployed, the disabled, the dead, the young…

II- ĐỘNG TỪ:

1) Tiền tố:

a) dis-/mis-/re-/over-/under-/out- + V -> V

disagree không đồng ý misunderstand hiểu nhầm redo làm lại overcook nấu quá chín undersell bán rẻ hơn outweigh nặng hơn

1) Tiền tố: un-/in-/im-/ir-/il-/dis- + Adj -> Adj

unlucky không may inexact không chính xác impossible

IV- TRẠNG TỪ: Phần lớn: Adj + -ly -> Adv

Slowly một cách chậm chạp carefully một cách cẩn thận safely một cách

an tòan

B - MỘT SỐ CẤU TRÚC NHẬN DIỆN LOẠI TỪ THƯỜNG GẶP:

1 a/ an/ the/ this/ that…

my/ her/ his…/ Mary’s + (adj) + N

many/ some/ a lot of…

Ex: She is a beautiful girl

2 danh từ chỉ sự đo lường, tuổi tác + (adj)

Ex: This table is two meters long He’s twenty years old

3 V (MAKE, KEEP, FIND…) + O + ADJ

Ex: We should keep our room clean

4 Linking verbs (be, become, feel, look, taste, sound, smell, seem, get, appear…) + ADJ

Ex: It becomes hot today

5 đại từ bất định (something, someone, anything, anybody, everything,

nobody…) + ADJ

Ex: Your story is very interesting

Ex: This film is extremely boring

7 Hình thức hiện tại phân từ (-ING): Diễn tả nhận thức của người nói về người/việc

gì đó

Ex: That film is interesting (Bộ phim đó hay.) (Người xem nhận thấy bộ phim hay.)

Hình thức quá khứ phân từ (-ED): Diễn tả cảm giác của người nói do người/việc

- fast (nhanh), early (sớm), late (muộn), hard (chăm chỉ) vừa là tính từ vừa là trạng từ

Ex: Jack is a very fast runner Jack can run very fast

- Phân biệt: late (muộn) lately (gần đây) (= recently)

hard (chăm chỉ) hardly (hầu như không)

- Một số tính từ tận cùng –LY: friendly (thân thiện), lovely (dễ thương), lively (sống động),

- Trạng từ tần suất đứng trước động từ thường, sau BE, trợ động từ và modals

Ex: She doesn’t often go with him He can seldom find time for reading

Exercise: Complete the sentences using the correct form of the words in brackets

1 Your new dress makes you more _ (beauty)

2 You should do these exercises _ (quick)

3 The industrial will lead to the country’s prosperity (develop)

4 Some large cities have had measures to minimize air (pollute)

5 I will come to the party because I accept the _ (invite)

6 The of the Hollywood actor, Jimmy Halton, was announced last night (die)

7 This company offered a lot of jobs (attract)

8 We often go to the theater at weekends for (entertain)

9 He is a famous……… (act)

10 You must the answer you choose (dark)

11 We have a lot of ………… in learning English (difficult)

12 I felt very ………… when I was a member of our school team (excite)

13 He speaks English (fluency)

14 We are very proud of our……… (friend)

15 He does exercise every morning, so he is very………… (health)

16 Her parents’ ………… makes her very sad (ill)

17 News on TV is very (inform)

18 What is his ? (nation)

19 Everybody loves beauty (nature)

20 It is cloudy and today (rain)

Multiple choice

1 He has been very interested in doing research on _ since he was at high

school

a biology b biological c biologist d biologically

2 You are old enough to take _ for what you have done

a responsible b responsibility c responsibly d irresponsible

3 Many Vietnamese people their lives for the revolutionary cause of the nation

a sacrifice b sacrificed c sacrificial d sacrificially

4 They had a candlelit dinner last night and she accepted his proposal of

marriage

a romance b romantic c romantically d romanticize

5 She sent me a _ letter thanking me for my invitation

a polite b politely c politeness d impoliteness

6 As an _, Mr Pike is very worried about the increasing of juvenile

delinquency

a educate b education c educator d educative

7 He was the only _ that was offered the job

a apply b application c applicant d applying

8 Many people have objected to the use of animals in _ experiments

a science b scientist c scientific d scientifically

9 _ is increasing, which results from economic crisis

a Employment b Unemployment c Employ d Unemployed

10 _! I have heard of your success in the new project

a Congratulate b Congratulating c Congratulation d Congratulations

11 A / an _ species is a population of an organism which is at risk of becoming extinct

a dangerous b endanger c endangered d endangerment

12 Almost half of turtles and tortoises are known to be threatened with

a extinct b extinction c extinctive d extinctly

13 They are going to _ the pool to 1.8 meter

a deep b depth c deepen d deeply

14 The referee had no hesitation in awarding the visiting team a _

a penalty b penalize c penal d penalization

15 The referee's _ is the most important in any sport competition

a decide b decisive c decision d decider

16 Johnny used to be one of the most _ athletes in my country

a succeed b success c successful d successfully

17 The success of the 22nd SEA Games had a great contribution of many _ volunteers

a support b supporter c supportive d supportively

18 He was so _ that he could not even say a word

a nerve b nerves c nervous d nervously

19 I am really _ in the way he talks, but the way he behaves

a interest b interested c interesting d interestingly

20 Thanks to labor-saving devices, women have more time to take part in _ activities

a society b social c socially d socialize

Phần 3: ĐỌC HIỂU

1 BÀI TẬP ĐỌC HIỂU DẠNG CHỌN TỪ ĐIỀN VÀO CHỖ TRỐNG

Bài tập chọn từ điền vào chỗ trống là dạng bài tổng hợp nhiều dạng kiến thức về ngữ pháp,

từ

vựng, cấu trúc… mà học sinh đã được học trong cả bậc học Để làm tốt dạng bài này

cần lưu ý những điểm sau:

1 Phân biệt các từ đồng nghĩa hoặc gần nghĩa

Đây cũng chính là câu hỏi có thể kiểm tra về độ thành thạo của học sinh trong quá trình sử dụng ngôn ngữ Tiếng Anh có rất nhiều từ đồng nghĩa hoặc gần

nghĩa, chúng tương đồng về nghĩa và có thể thay thế cho nhau trong một số trường

hợp Tuy nhiên, chúng khác nhau về sắc thái ý nghĩa, mức độ phổ biến,mức độ trang trọng

Hãy xem ví dụ sau:

I _ the orchestra play at Carnegie Hall last summer

A heard B tasted C smelled D listened

Trong 4 phương án, ta có thể loại trừ ngay phương án B và C vì ta không thể nếm hoặc ngửi thấy nhạc

được Với hai phương án còn lại, các em cần phân biệt sự khác nhau giữa hear và listen

Về nghĩa, hear có nghĩa là nghe thoáng qua, nghe mà chưa có sự chuẩn bị hoặc chủ ý

2 Xác định nghĩa của từ dựa vào văn cảnh (context)

Khi làm bài, các em phải đọc kỹ đoạn văn, đặc biệt là các phần trước và sau chỗ trống c

ần điền chọntừ thích hợp Bởi vì phương án được lựa chọn nằm trong tổng thể của cả đo

A nothing B something C everything D anything

Về nguyên tắc, tất cả các phương án trên đều có thể dùng được với động từ do Tuy nhi

Cấu trúc too + tính từ + to sth có nghĩa là quá… đến nỗi không thể xác

định.Trong khi đó, something và everything dùng trong câu không phù hợp về nghĩa nên loại hai phương án này

Nothing(không có gì) là từ mang nghĩa phủ định và khi đi với do trong câu trên cũng cónghĩa phù hợp Tuy nhiên,bản thân cấu trúc với too đã mang nghĩa phủ định nên

không thể kết hợp với từ mang nghĩa phủ định trongcùng một câu nên nothing cũng bị loại Anything

là từ được dùng trong câu phủ định tuy nhiên từ này còn có nghĩa bất cứ cái gì

nên thích hợp để dùng trong câu có cấu trúc too ở trên

3 Sử dụng cụm từ cố định

Tiếng Anh có rất nhiều cụm từ cố định Có những động từ chỉ đi với một loại giới từ nh

ất định, và cũngcó những động từ khi kết hợp với một (một số) giới từ lại mang nghĩa khác với gốc động từ đó Người rađề có thể để khuyết động từ hoặc giới từ để

kiểm tra mảng kiến thức này của học sinh Khi làm bài, cácem không nên chỉ tìm

nghĩa của từ đơn lẻ mà cần đặt chúng trong mối quan hệ với các từ xung quanh

Ví dụ :

1 Mobiles that are fitted permanently in a vehicle do not _ on separate batteries They require an external aerial on the vehicle

A rely B create C carry D insist

Giải thích: create bị loại vì không có cấu trúc create on sth Các động từ còn lại đều có t

hể kết hợp vớion: to insist on sth: khăng khăng, cố nài làm gì đó; to carry on sth: xúc tiế

n, tiếp tục; to rely on sth: dựa vào, cậy vào, nhờ vào

Exercise: Read the pasage and circle the best corect answer

Water is necessary for life People can live only a few days (1) it Yet nearly 25 million people die each year because of it Both industrial nations and developing

countries are worried about the (2) and quantity of water in the world

Even though people, animals, agriculture, and industry use a lot of water, there is more than enough on the earth Water covers about three-quarters of the Earth's surface

However, 97.4 percent of it is salt water Three-fourths of the Earth's fresh water is frozen in glaciers and in the great polar ice caps Most of the water we use

(3) from rivers, lakes, and the atmosphere Less than one percent of the Earth's water is usable, and we use it over and over again

One of the (4) about water is distribution Water is not always distributed where the large (5) centers are Some regions get enough rain But it is all in one or two short rainy reasons

1 A with B without C for D in

2 A characteristics B conditions C situation D quality

3 A comes B arrives C goes D gets

4 A cases B things C facts D problems

5 A people B men C population D women

2 BÀI TẬP ĐỌC HIỂU MỘT ĐOẠN VĂN

Để làm tốt phần đọc hiểu của đoạn văn các em có thể thực hiện một vài bước sau

1 Gạch chân những từ chính trong phần yêu cầu, nếu cần thiết học sinh có thể đọc nhẩm từ và ghi những từ đó trong quá trình làm bài

2 Đọc lướt nội dung bài nếu thấy những thông tin có liên quan đến phần yêu cầu trả lời, các em dùng bút chì gạch chân Sau đó, các em tiếp tục đọc hết bài

3 Đọc lại bài lần nữa Các em cần xem xét kỹ câu trả lời của từng đáp án, dựa trên những bằng chứng cụ thể để đưa ra đáp án đúng nhất

Example:

Read the passages below and choose the correct answer among A, B, C or D

Most of the joggers who are overweight are reasonable for talking about, worrying about, and obsessing with their weight Since many people start jogging to lose weight (perhaps you're one of them) it is not surprising that body size is important More and more people are on a diet, 50% of the women and close to 25% of the men in the US are watching what they eat Body weight is the second most talked among joggers - heart disease and high blood pressure are the first! There are many factors that affect your weight They include: body type, diet, exercise level, sex and age What may be an

"ideal" weight for you at the age of 27 may not be ideal when you're 54 And your ideal weight will probably be different during racing season when you're in a specific training phase

1 What are most of joggers who are overweight worried about?

A their weight B their height C their jogging D the distance

2 To many people, _

A body size is not a problem B body size is very important

C they do not care about their body size D jogging is a waste of time

3 In the US, _

A nobody is on a diet B 50% women are on a diet

C obesity is appreciate D 75% men are on a diet

4 What are the most talked among joggers?

A body size B lung cancer C died

D heart disease and high blood pressure

5 There are many factors that affect your weight They are _

A body type, diet, exercise level, sex and age

B high blood pressure, sex and age

C heart disease and high blood pressure D body type and heart disease

6 A sound B about C shout D course

7 A jogged B cooked C gained D smiled

8 A disappointed B orator C signature D accept

9 A enclose B pen C center D tent

10 A choose B house C horse D course

Choose the word whose syllable is stressed differently from the rest in each group

11 A especially B comfortably C carefully D possibly

12 A importance B subtraction C algebra D example

13 A aspect B careful C baggy D successful

14 A terrific B applicant C banking D ignorant

15 A recognize B challenge C symbolize D continue

Part 2: Vocabulary - grammar and structures

Choose the best answer among A, B, C or D

16 The Browns _ here since 1990

17 I wish I _ all about this some weeks age

A knew B have known C had known D would know

18 Vietnam is a country in _ Asia

A Southeast B Northeast C Southwest D Northwest

19 Money can't buy true _

A happy B un happy C happiness D happily

20 We can buy from a needle to an elephant in this _

A park B crossroads C shopping centre D crowds

21 The synonym of MOTHER TONGUE is _

A first language B foreign language C second language D A & B are right

22 Don't disturb me I've got _ work to do

A a lot B a great deal C much D many

23 When students finish their 12th school year, they're at their _

A school-leaving age B status of children

C status of worker D none are right

24 Computers aren't _ used in schools and universities in Vietnam

A widely B wide C widen D width

25 Which prefix can go with FACE?

26 Language isn't the private property of a country

A access B trade C possession D scholarship

27 Teenagers often have some physical changes during the _ from childhood

to adult life

A transition B way C growth D obstacle

28 Is there anything important _ first?

29 We didn't have any money but Tom had _

A a little B a few C little D few

30 He said that he _ his bicycle

A has lost B loses C had lost D lost

Which sentence expresses the same idea as the given one?

31 There is a tendency to minimize problems

A Pupils show a tend to minimize problems

B Pupils don't try to overcome problems

C Pupils don't show a tend to play problems down

D Pupils don't try to overcome problems much

32 They gave a great deal of thought to their work

A They thought a little about their job

B They didn't think so much about their job

C They thought so much about their job

D They didn't think about their job

33 They show a desire to put aside the status of the school - child

A They don't want to be adults B They want to be adults a lot

C They want to leave school D They desire to leave school

34 They had little knowledge of the job of their choice

A They knew much of the job of their choice

B They almost had no knowledge of the job of their choice

C They knew a lot about the job of their choice

D They were particularly keen on the job of their choice

35 They express a great determination to have a place at university

A They are greatly determined to have a place at university

B They want to have a good place at university

C They aren't determined to have a place at university

D They show a little desire to have a place at university

Choose a word or phrase in each sentence that needs correcting

36 He didn't give (A) me (B) any ink, so I (C) couldn't write (D) no more

37 Either Peter (A) or Mary (B) have left (C) the door (D) unlocked

38 The film (A) on television (B) made us so (C) boring that we went (D) to bed early

39 If he (A) does a mistake, (B) will he (C) feel sorry (D) for it?

40 John decided (A) buying a new car in the morning, (B) but in the afternoon he (C) changed (D) his mind

Part 3: Reading

Read the passages below and choose the correct answer among A, B, C or D

Most of the joggers who are overweight are reasonable for talking about, worrying about, and obsessing with their weight Since many people start jogging to lose weight (perhaps you're one of them) it is not surprising that body size is important More and more people are on a diet, 50% of the women and close to 25% of the men in the US are watching what they eat Body weight is the second most talked among joggers - heart disease and high blood pressure are the first! There are many factors that affect your weight They include: body type, diet, exercise level, sex and age What may be an

"ideal" weight for you at the age of 27 may not be ideal when you're 54 And your ideal weight will probably be different during racing season when you're in a specific training phase

41 What are most of joggers who are overweight worried about?

A their weight B their height C their jogging D the distance

42 To many people, _

A body size is not a problem B body size is very important

C they do not care about their body size D jogging is a waste of time

43 In the US, _

A nobody is on a diet B 50% women are on a diet

C obesity is appreciate D 75% men are on a diet

44 What are the most talked among joggers?

A body size B lung cancer C died D heart disease and high blood pressure

45 There are many factors that affect your weight They are _

A body type, diet, exercise level, sex and age

B high blood pressure, sex and age

C heart disease and high blood pressure

D body type and heart disease

One evening Dr Peterson was at a party A woman came up to him and began to talk about her back "Its very painful (41) _ I've worked for a long time in my

garden", the woman said "You've hurt it by bending for too long", Dr Peterson replied

He then showed her (42) _ to do some exercises However, (43) _ the woman left he felt very angry He went up to a friend of his who was a lawyer He told him about (44) _ the woman and asked him for his advice "Do you think I (45) _ to send her a bill?" he asked The lawyer thought for a moment and nodded "How much should I charge (46) _ giving all that advice?" Dr Peterson asked "Change her your usual fee" they lawyer said The next day Dr Peterson sent the woman a bill (47) _ a few days later he was surprised (48) _ letter from the lawyer (49) _ he opened the letter, he saw the following brief note: "Please find a bill for $50 for the advice (50) _"

46 A because B for C by D as soon as

48 A when B because C if D for

49 A meet B meeting C to meet D he met

50 A should B had better C ought D must

51 A by B because of C owing to D for

52 A However B In addition C There fore D Alternatively

53 A by receiving B to receive C for receiving D receive

55 A gave you B What I gave you C when I gave you D I gave you

Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the rest in each group

Choose the word whose syllable is stressed differently from the rest in each group

7 A element B erosion C elephant D quantity

10 A especially B comfortably C carefully D possibly Part 2: Vocabulary - grammar and structures

Choose the best answer among A, B, C or D

11 If you want to learn something, you had better pay _ in class

12 Your voice reminds me of somebody, but I can't remember _

13 Although he loved his country _ most of his life abroad

A but spent B but he spent C he spent D so he spent

14 _ the weather forecast, it will rain heavily later this morning

A On account of B According to C Because of D Due to

15 I don't _ locking the door

A remember B forget C remind D A & B are correct

16 I love this painting of an old man He has such a beautiful, _ smile

17 I think you'd rather _ to the mountains for your holiday

18 I shall do the job to the best of my _

19 If it's raining tomorrow, we shall have to put _ the match till Sunday

20 It's obvious that neither the works _ to fight the new rules

A nor the manager intend B intend nor the manager

C nor the manager intends D intend nor the manager intends

21 She stopped him _ home by hiding the car key

A not drive B not to drive C to drive D.from driving

22 When he _ all the letters, he took them to the post office

A has written B had written C wrote D had been writing

23 The flat _ of three rooms, with a kitchen and a bathroom

24 After Mary _ her degree, she intends to work in her father's company

A will finish B is finishing C finishes D will have finished

25 _ the rise in unemployment, people still seem to be spending more

A Meanwhile B Nevertheless C Although D Despite

Which sentence expresses the same idea as the given one?

26 The think fog made it impossible for the plane to land

A The plane couldn't land

B We couldn't control the plane because the fog was thick

C We couldn't control the plane because of the thick fog

D The thick fog prevented the plane from landing

27 I never want to see another film about space travel

A I haven't seen a film about space travel

B I have enjoyed all the film I have seen about space travel

C I am anxious not to miss the next film about space travel

D I am tired of seeing films about space travel

28 Whenever she went to Paris she bought a new dress

A She never went to Paris to buy a new dress

B She never went to Paris without buying a new dress

C She never bought a new dress without going to Paris

D She never bought a new dress when she went to Paris

29 Despite feeling cold, we kept walking

A In spite of we felt cold, we kept walking

B Although we felt cold, we kept walking

C However cold we felt, but we kept walking

D However we felt cold, we kept walking

30 No matter how hard I tried, I couldn't open the door

A Try as hard as I might I couldn't open the door

B Although I try, I couldn't open the door

C It is difficult for me to open the door

D I could open the door with difficulty

Choose a word or phrase in each sentence that needs correcting

31 She found it (A) hard to (B) concentrating on her book (C) because of the (D) the noise

32 Have you met (A) Bill's sisters? - I've met (B) one I didn't know he (C) had (D) other sister

33 Customs are (A) different from (B) one region (C) of the country (D) to another

34 The (A) job as a (B) booksell helps her (C) to support (D) her family

35 It (A) is possible (B) determining that French explorers reached the juncture (C) of the Kansas and Missouri rivers (D) in the seventeenth century

Part 3: Reading

Read the passages below and choose the correct answer among A, B, C or D

Laurel or Hardy?

He was a music-hall comedian in England before he went to America in 1910 In those days he often (36) _ Chaplin He made his first short film in 1918 but did not (37) _ to establish himself in the competitive (38) _ of the screen

comedy The first film he made with his famous fat (39) _ was called Putting pants on Philip in 1927 Many critics (40) _ that he was the more creative

(41) _ of the partnership The humorist Leo McCarey (42) _ him a rare comic who was intelligent (43) _ to make up his own gaps (44) _, he was remarkably talented, while his partner was (45) _ and this was the key to understanding their relationship As a (46) _, throughout their career together he (47) _ on being paid twice as much as his friend because he believed he was (48) _ twice as much While he wrote the films and (49) _ part in their creation, his partner was incapable of creating anything at all - it was amazing how he managed to find his (50) _ to the studio

37 A succeed B reach C fail D managed

47 A persisted B insisted C kept D demanded

Part 1: Phonetics:

Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the rest in each group

1 A companion B compound C conclusion D contribution

Part 2: Vocabulary - grammar and structures

Choose the best answer among A, B, C or D

6 He went to see the sights He had a tour

A investigating B sightseeing C reviewing D interesting

7 My brother is old enough to his own living

8 She's running slowly through the park She's

9 Mark Twain his childhood in Hannibal, which is on the Mississippi

10 How do you speak this fraction: 3/5?

A Three over fifth B Three-fifth C Three-fifths D Three-fives

11 Nam's parents are very with his success

12 He is interested in research

13 Boiled meat can be kept in containers and shipped to other countries

A tight-air B airtight C airsick D air-free

14 He can't buy that bicycle because he has money

15 English in many parts of the world

A is speaking B speaking C is spoken D spoken

16 Lam doesn't work as hard as he last year

17 I remember you before, but I have forgotten your name

18 She was tired her long walk

19 It is said that most are ill-prepared for their employment

20 He was the first man across the channel

Which sentence expresses the same idea as the given one?

21 Taking photographs is not permitted here

A Photographers must not use flash here

B Do not remove these photographs

C Do not use your camera here

D Photographs are on sale here

22 I thought this film would be better

A The film was boring B The film made me bored

C I didn't like the film because it was boring

D The film wasn't as good as I expected

23 You press this button to stop the machine

A If you press this button, the machine doesn't stop

B You can use this button to operate the machine

C This button helps you to stop the machine

D The machine can't stop without this button

24 I have never read such a good book before

A This book is the best I have never read

B This book is the best I have ever read

C This is the first time I had read such a good book

D This is the first time I read a good book

25 The trip was boring but we enjoyed it a lot

A We enjoyed boring trips B We were bored with the trip

C The trip bored us D We liked the trip very much although it was boring

Choose a word or phrase in each sentence that needs correcting

26 You (A) can learn (B) a lot (C) about other countries by (D) to watch television

27 (A) Since the liberation (B) many changes (C) has taken place (D) in the whole country

28 (A) My mother still (B) spends 14 hours (C) a day (D) do the housework

29 Her parents (A) don't allow (B) her (C) go out (D) in the evening

30 (A) Do you know (B) Jim's brother (C) who house (D) is in your neighbourhood? Part 3: Reading

Read the passages below and choose the correct answer among A, B, C or D

Coca Cola is a popular drink for people all over the world At first, very few

people drank Coca Cola, but now it is sold in more than 160 countries More than 1,6 billion gallons are sold every year Coca Cola was invented by Dr John Pemberton in Atlanta on 8 May, 1886 However, the name Coca Cola was given by Frank Robinson, one of Dr Pemberton's partners Later, in 1888, the business was sold to another man, Asa Candler He opened his first factory to produced this drink in 1895 in Dallas,

Texas Since then, a great quantity of Coca Cola has been produced there

Since 1982, a special kind of Coca Cola has been made for overweight people - diet Coke They have used many clever advertisements to increase the amount of Coca Cola sold every year

Besides Coca Cola, there are many other drinks of the same kind sold all over the world such as Pepsi Cola, Sp-Cola and Dr Pepper However, Coca Cola is the most popular People drink Coca Cola with their meals, when they are thirsty or when they socialize with friends

It is certain that more and more people will drink Coca Cola all over the world in this century

31 Coca Cola was first made

A in the USA B in England C in Australia D in Canada

32 The name Coca Cola was given to the drink by

A Dr Pemberton B Asa Candler C Frank Robinson D Dr Pepper

33 Every year, people all over the world drink about gallons of Coca Cola

A 1,6 million B 1,6 billion C 16 million D 16 trillion

34 Diet Coke is used for people

35 Coca Cola is _

A more popular than other drinks of the same kind C as popular as Sp Cola

B less popular than other drinks of the same kind D as not popular as other drinks

of the same kind

A YEAR IN CANADA

I was born in London and had lived in cities (36) _ most of my life The one exception is the year I (37) _ with my uncle in Canada He owned (38) _ enormous farm, miles from anywhere Every morning, I (39) _ to get up with the sun and help my uncle on the (40) _ He was such a nice man, though, that I

couldn't let him know how (41) _ I was

So you can imagine my feelings when, because of my husband's work, we

(42) _ to this small village three years ago We arrived in the middle of January and (43) _ was snow everywhere The heating didn't (44) _ and it was freezing cold However, the welcome from our neighbours was warm and we continued

to feel very much at home in the village I have never once (45) _ coming here

37 A continued B spend C remained D attended

38 A an B what C the D such

41 A miserable B unlucky C convenient D fortune

Contents: I Comparison of Adjectives and Adverbs

II Noun clauses and relative clauses

III Gerund and infinitive

IV Useful Structures

V Communicative function

VI Tag questions

I Comparison of Adjectives and Adverbs

A Adjectives and Adverbs

1 Adjectives:

* Positions: - Adj + N beautiful hat

- be/ seem/ appear/ feel/ taste/ look/ keep + Adj He seems tired now

- be/ seem/ look/ taste + too + Adj He is too young to drive a motorbike

- be + Adj + enough She is tall enough to play volleyball

- be/ seem/ look/ taste/ smell/ + so + Adj + that

The story is so interesting that I can’t put it down

- How + Adj + S + V How beautiful the girl is

Notes: Trật tự từ của tính từ:

- Tính từ chỉ cảm nghĩ đứng trước tính từ miêu tả: an interesting young man

- Đôi khi chúng ta dùng hai hay nhiều tính từ miêu tả trong một câu, thì trật tự của chúng được sắp xếp như sau:

Số lượng + Chất lượng + Kích thước + Tuổi tác + Màu sắc + Xuất xứ( quốc gia)+ Chất liệu + NOUN

eg: a beautiful old French picture

- Tính từ chỉ kích thước và chiều dài( big, tall, long ) thường đi trước tính từ chỉ hình dáng và chiều

rộng( round, fat, wide ) eg a long narrow street

- Khi có hai hoặc hơn hai tính từ chỉ màu sắc,ta dùng liên từ ‘and’

eg.a red, white and green flag

2 Adverbs: là những từ dùng để diễn tả tính cách, đặc tính, mức độ, trạng thái và được dùng để bổ

nghĩa cho động từ, tính từ, trạng từ khác hoặc cho cả câu

* Positions: - V(trợ động từ) + Adv + V (thường) I have recently finished my homework

- be/ feel/ look/ + Adv + Adj I feel completely interested in this book

- V (thường) + too + Adv He studied too lazily to pass his exam

- V(thường) + so + Adv + that Jack drove so fast that he caused an accident

- S + V ( + O) + Adv He drives carefully

- V (thường) + Adv + enough He worked hard enough to succeed

- Adv cũng có thể đứng một mình ở đầu câu( hoặc giữa câu giữa hai dấu “,”)

Suddenly, he heard a strange voice

B Degrees of comparison of Adj and Adv

1 Equal degree: S + V + as + Adj/ Adv + as + N/ Pronoun

eg He is as tall as his father / Mai is as beautiful as her mother

- Có thể thay ‘as’ bằng ‘so’ trong câu phủ định S + Be not + as/so +Adj + as N/ Pronoun

S + do/ does not +as/so + Adv+

eg Your pen is not so expensive as mine

- Có thể diễn đạt ý bằng nhau, như nhau:

S + V + the same + (noun) + as +noun(pronoun)

eg My house is as high as his = My house is the same height as his

Marry is as old as Tony = Marry and Tony are the same age

2 Comparative degree:

a Short Adjectives/ Adverbs: S + V + short Adj/Adv + er + than + Noun/ Pronoun

eg.- Today is hotter than yesterday

- He runs faster than I do

- Tính từ 1 âm tiết tận cùng là phụ âm đơn ( trừ w, x, z) đứng trước một nguyên âm đơn thì gấp đôi

phụ âm cuối + er big-bigger

- Tính từ 2 âm tiết có tận cùng là : y, le, er, ow, et + er quieter, cleverer, narrower

- Tính từ 2 âm tiết nhưng kết thúc bằng một phụ âm +y, đổi ‘y’ thành ‘i’ + er happier

- So sánh hơn có thể được nhấn mạnh bằng cách cộng thêm ‘much’ hoặc ‘far’

S + V + far/ much + short.Adj/ Adv + er + than + noun/ pronoun

eg Today is much hotter than yesterday

b Long Adjectives/ Adverbs: S + V + more long Adj/ Adv + than + Noun/Pronoun

eg This chair is more comfortable than the other

He speaks English more fluently than I do

- Nhấn mạnh : S + V + far/ much + more + long Adj/ Adv + than + noun/ pronoun

eg Hoa’s watch is much/ far more expensive than mine

He reads much more rapidly than his brother

- So sánh kém hơn: S + V + less Adj/ Adv than noun/ pronoun

eg My TV is less beautiful than yours

He drives less carefully than I think

3.Superlative degree:

S + V + the + short.Adj/Adv + est + in( danh từ đếm được số ít)

+ the most + long Adj/ Adv + of( danh từ đếm được số nhiều)

+ least + Adj/ Adv

eg He is the tallest in my class

Nga is the most inteligent of all the students

Those shoes are the least expensive of all

the best the worst the most

later

older

elder

the least the farthest(về khoảng cách) the furthest( về thời gian) the nearest(về khoảng cách) the next( về thứ tự)

the latest( về thời gian) the last( về thứ tự) the oldest( về tuổi tác) the eldest( về cấp bậc hơn là tuổi tác)

4 So sánh kép( double comparatives):

a Càng ngày càng, mỗi lúc một hơn

* Với tính từ ngắn: Adj + ER and Adj + er The weather gets warmer and warmer

* Với tính từ dài: more and more + Adj She becomes more and more beautiful

b Càng ngày càng ít , càng ngày càng kém : less and less + Adj

eg He is less and less hard-working

c Càng thì càng

* Với tính từ ngắn: The adj + er , the adj + er

eg The darker it gets, the colder it is

* Với tính từ dài: The more adj , the more adj

eg The more beautiful she is, the more miserable her husband is

* Với động từ: the more , the more The more you learn, the more you forget

Note: Nhiều khi hai vế không cùng một loại tính từ dài hay ngắn nhưng có thể sử dụng lẫn lộn với nhau.( hoặc vế trước tính từ, vế sau động từ hoặc ngược lại )

eg The more she smiles, the more graceful she is

d Càng ít , thì càng ít Càng kém , thì càng kém

* Với tính từ: The less + adj , the less + adj

eg The less difficult the lessons are, the less hard-working the students

* Với động từ : the less , the less

The less I live with him, the less I like him

5 Những cách nói khác có tính cách so sánh

a Other than : khác I want to read other novels than these

b Rather than: hơn là We want to be poor rather than rich

c Had better: nên You’d better stay at home than go fishing

d Had rather hoặc Would rather: thích hơn We’d rather watch a film than read a book

6 Danh từ cũng có thể được dùng trong so sánh:

S + V + as + many/ much/ little/ few + noun +as + noun/ pronoun

hoặc S + V + more/ fewer/ less + noun + than + noun/ pronoun

eg He earns as much money as his brother

I have more books than she does

Exercises

I Choose the best answer

1 Of the four dresses, which is ……… expensive?

2 The larger the apartment is, the the rent is

A expensive B more expensive C expensively D most expensive

3 The faster we walk,………… we will get there

A the soonest B the soon C the more soon D the sooner

4 “ Why did you buy these oranges? ” “They were ……….… I could find ”

A cheapest B cheapest ones C the cheapest ones D the most cheapest

5 She plays the piano ……… as she sings

A as beautifully B more beautifully C as beautiful D the most beautifully

6 The streets are getting more and ……… these days

A crowded B less crowded C more crowded D most crowded

7 The larger the city is, ……… the crime rate is

A highest B higher C the highest D the higher

8 You must explain your problems …………

A as clear as you can B as clearly as you can

C as clear than you are D as clearly as you are

9 Pil is ……… person we know

A the happier B the happiest C happier D happiest

10 Which woman are you going to vote for? –I’m not sure Everyone says that Joan is…………

A smarter B the smarter C more smarter D more smart

11 Bill is ………

A lazier and lazier B more and more lazy C lazier and more lazy D more lazy and lazier

12 It’s too noisy here Can we go somewhere ………?

A noisier B more quiet C more noisy D quieter

13 ……… the time passes, ……….I feel ! The deadline of my thesis is coming , but I have just finished half of it

A The faster / the nervous B The more fast / the nervous

C The fast / the more nervous D The faster / the more nervous

14 China is the country with……… population

A the larger B the more large C the largest D the most large

15 She sat there quietly, but during all that time she was getting……… Finally she exploded

A more and more angry B the more angry

C angrier and angrier D the most angry

16 For ……… , it is certain that in the future some things will be very different

A the better or the worse B the good or the bad C good or bad D better or worse

17 Her grandfather’s illness was……… we thought at first

A more seriously as B as seriously as B more serious than D as serious than

18 My brother was feeling tired last night, so he went to bed………… usual

A more early than B as early as C more earlier as D earlier than

19. _ you study for these exams, _ you will do

A The harder / the better B The more / the much

C The hardest / the best D The more hard / the more good

20 His house is _ mine

A twice as big as B as twice big as C as two times big as D as big as twice

II Choose the underlined part that needs corrections in each of the following questions

1 Nobody is happy than Miss Snow is ( happier)

II Noun clauses and relative clauses

I Noun clauses: - Là một mệnh đề phụ làm công việc của một danh từ

- Noun clause: được nối với mệnh đề chính bởi các từ nối: That, who, what, which, where, when, how, whether

- Khi dùng các từ nối trên, động từ trong MĐ danh ngữ chia ở thể xác định, không chia ở thể nghi vấn

1 Noun clause làm chủ ngữ trong câu:

eg What he said was not true

2 Noun clause làm tân ngữ trong câu:

eg I’ll tell you when he comes I didn’t believe what he said

3 Noun clause làm bổ ngữ trong câu:

eg Money is what she needs

II Relative clauses:

- Còn được gọi là Adj clause (MĐ tính ngữ) vì nó là MĐ phụ được dùng để bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đứng trước nó

- MĐQH được nối với MĐ chính bởi các đại từ quan hệ Who, Whom, Which, Whose, That hoặc các trạng từ quan hệ When, Where, Why

- Vị trí : MĐQH đứng ngay sau danh từ mà nó bổ nghĩa

** THE USES:

1.Who: - là một ĐTQH chỉ người, đứng sau danh từ chỉ người làm chủ ngữ cho động từ đứng sau nó

eg This is the man He is my teacher – This is the man who is my teacher

The man is my brother He is standing overthere.- The man who is standing overthere is

2 Whom: - là một ĐTQH chỉ người, đứng sau danh từ chỉ người làm tân ngữ cho động từ đứng sau

nó

eg The woman is my aunt You saw her yesterday

- The woman whom you saw yesterday is my aunt

- Whom : có thể được bỏ - The woman you saw yesterday is my aunt

3 Which: là một ĐTQH chỉ vật, đứng sau danh từ chỉ vật làm chủ ngữ hoặc tân ngữ cho động từ đứng

sau nó

eg The hat is mine It’s on the table

- The hat which is on the table is mine

eg This is the book You gave it to me yesterday

- This is the book which you gave me yesterday

- Which : có thể được bỏ khi nó làm tân ngữ cho động từ sau nó

eg This is the book you gave me yesterday

4.That: - là ĐTQH chỉ cả người và vật

- That có thể dùng thay cho Who, Whom, Which trong MĐQH xác định

eg That is the car that he bought last month

5.Whose: là một ĐTQH, đứng sau danh từ chỉ người và thay cho tính từ sở hữu trước danh từ Whose

cũng được dùng cho vật ( = of which) Sau Whose luôn là một danh từ

eg The woman whose wallet was stolen yesterday is my sister

6.When: là một trạng từ quan hệ chỉ thời gian, đứng sau danh từ chỉ thời gian

- When được dùng thay cho at / on / in + which ; then

eg I’ll never forget the day when I met her

That was the time when she saw the thief

7.Where: là một trạng từ quan hệ chỉ nơi chốn, đứng sau danh từ chỉ nơi chốn

Where được dùng thay cho at / on / in + which; there

eg That is the house where we are living now

Your home town is a place where you were you born

8 Why: = for which - là một trạng từ quan hệ chỉ lý do, đứng sau tiền ngữ ‘ THE REASON’

- dùng thay cho ‘ FOR THE REASON’

eg Please tell me the reason why you are so sad

III Phân loại : có 2 loại relative clauses

1.Definite clause: (MĐ xác định)

- Là mệnh đề giúp ta nhận ra đặc điểm, tính chất đặc biệt của người hay vật được nói đến.Nếu ta bỏ chúng đi thì câu không đủ nghĩa hoặc không giữ được nghĩa gốc ban đầu

- Liền ngay trước và sau mệnh đề không có dấu phẩy

- That có thể thay cho who và which trong mệnh đề loại này

eg -The man is my teacher He’s standing overthere

The man who(that) is standing overthere is my teacher

- The book is very interesting I bought it yesterday

The book which(that) I bought yesterday is very interesting

2.Non-defining clause: (MĐ không xác định)

- Mệnh đề này chỉ giải thích thêm danh từ đứng trước nó và có thể bỏ đi mà nghĩa của câu không thay đổi

- Liền ngay trước và sau mệnh đề có dấu phẩy

- That không được sử dụng trong câu có mệnh đề loại này

eg This hat, which my sister gave me on my birthday , is expensive

IV Trường hợp động từ của MĐQH có giới từ( chỉ dùng với who và which)

- Ta đặt giới từ trước MĐQH( trước who, which)

- Ta cũng có thể bỏ whom hoặc which và đặt giới từ ra sau động từ của MĐQH( chỉ áp dụng với MĐ xác định)

- Khi dùng that, ta không được chuyển giới từ lên trước mà vẫn phải để sau động từ

eg The man is Mr Nam Hoa is talking to him

The man to whom Hoa is talking is Mr Nam

The man Hoa is talking to is Mr Nam

The man that Hoa is talking to is Mr Nam

- Nếu giới từ là thành phần của động từ kép thì ta không chuyển chúng ra trước

whom, which eg This is the book which I’m looking for

• Nếu chủ ngữ của câu là các đại từ bất định thì ta chỉ dùng That là đại từ quan hệ

eg Everything that she said yesterday was not correct

V Dạng rút gọn của MĐQH:

1 MĐQH có thể được rút gọn bằng cách dùng hiện tại phân từ và quá khứ phân từ

a Nếu động từ trong MĐQH ở thể chủ động, ta dùng hiện tại phân từ thay cho mđ đó(bỏ đại từ quan

hệ và trợ động từ, đưa động từ chính về nguyên dạng và thêm -ing.)

eg The girl sitting next to you is my sister

Do you know the man breaking the window last night?

b Nếu động từ trong MĐQH ở thể bị động ta dùng quá khứ phân từ thay cho mđ đó( bỏ đại từ quan hệ

và trợ động từ, bắt đầu cụm từ bằng Vpp)

eg The books written by To Hoai are interesting

2 MĐQH có thể được rút gọn bằng cách dùng‘TO- INF, or INF.PHRASE( for+O+to inf.)

eg.- English is an important language which we have to master

English is an important language to master

- Here is a form that you must fill in

Here is a form for you to fill in

• (Khi một MĐ tính ngữ mà trước nó là một MĐ thì đó là MĐ không xác định.)

Exercise

Choose the best answer

1 Sunday is the day I go to Water park with my kids

2 That was the reason he didn't marry her

3 An architect is someone deigns buildings

4 The boy to I lent my money is poor

5 The land and the people I have met are nice

A who B whom C which D that

6 I can answer the question you say is very difficult

7 This is the place the battle took place ten years ago

8 Saturday is the day which we usually go fishing

9 This is the last time I speak to you

10 He talked about the books and the authors interested him

11 Bondi is the beautiful beach I used to sunbathe

12 Dec 26th, 05 was the day the terrible tsunami happened

13 The woman lives next my door is doctor

14 The boy Mary likes is my son

15 The boy eyes are brown is my son

16 The table legs are broken should be repaired

17 The town we are living is noisy and crowded

18 The year we came to live here was 1997

19 The worker house is next to mine died this morning

20 The lady son went on a picnic with us last weekend is a teacher at our school

21 Take measures you consider best

A whatever B however C whenever D wherever

22 .difficulties you may encounter, I'm sure you'll succeed

23 He is the only friend I like

24 I didn't get the job which I applied

25 The man whom she is married has been married twice before

30 She is the most beautiful girl ever lived

31 The decision was postponed, was exactly what he wanted

32 All the people have gone into the room are still young

33 Jack has three brothers, all of are married

34 They gave us a lot of information, most of was useless

35 There were a lot of people at the party, only a few of I had met before

36 I have sent him two letters, neither of has arrived

37 John won $,600, half of he gave to his parents

38 Ten people applied for the job, none of were suitable

39 Jill isn't on the phone, makes it difficult to contact her

40 Bod is the kind of person to one can talk about anything

41 He is a person friends trust him

42 Your career should focus on a field in you are genuinely interested

43 People outlook on life is optimistic are usually happy people

45 They said they didn't have any money, was a pity

46 I haven't got a passport means I can't leave my country

47 The part of town where I live is very noisy at night, makes it difficult to sleep

48 That is the place the accident occurred

49 The boys ……… tennis over there are my new neighbor

A who plays B playing C that playing D are playing

50 He read the Old Man and The Sea, a novel ………….by Ernest Hemingway

A written B which written C writing D that wrote

III Gerund and infinitive

A Gerund

Danh động từ có cấu trúc giống như hiện tại phân từ ( tức là động từ thêm ING) : talking,

learning, cutting, lying…

Danh động từ, như tên gọi, là động từ dùng như danh từ Danh động từ chủ yếu đứng ở vị trí, và thực hiện chức năng, của một danh từ trong câu Nó thường được :

1/ Dùng làm S : (subject)

- Swimming is good for our health

- Being friendly will bring you friends

2/ Dùng làm O : (object of a verb)

- These boys like swimming

- My brother practises speaking English every day

3/ Dùng làm bổ ngữ cho S : (subject complement)

- My hobby is swimming

- Seeing is believing

4/ Dùng làm O cho giới từ : (object of a preposition)

- He is fond of swimming

- She is interested in learning English

5/ Dùng trong câu ngăn cấm ngắn (short prohibition) hoặc để thành lập danh từ kép

6/ Dùng sau tính từ sở hữu :

- Please forgive my coming late

- His driving carelessly often causes accidents

7/ Dùng sau một số động từ và một số cách diễn đạt nhất định như : admit, advise, avoid,

consider, delay, deny, dislike, enjoy, finish, hate, keep, like, mind, practise, postpone, quit, risk, suggest, can’t help, can’t bear, can’t stand, be worth, be busy, it’s no use, there’s no…

- We enjoy listening to music

- I can’t help laughing when she makes jokes

B Infinitive

Động từ nguyên mẫu thường có giới từ to đứng trước (to do, to learn, to help, to advise…) và

được dùng trong những trường hợp sau :

1/ Làm S,O hoặc bổ ngữ (complement) trong câu :

- To conceal the truth from her was foolish

- He wanted to become a spaceman

- What he asked for is to be left alone

2/ Làm tính từ bổ nghĩa cho danh từ :

- He was the first man to leave the room

- English is an important language to master

3/ Làm trạng từ diễn tả các nội dung sau :

* Mục đích của hành động

- He went to the station to meet her

- He bought a dictionary to study English

* Kết quả, hậu quả (sau TOO +Adj / Adv)

- She is too tired to go for a walk

- The box was too heavy for her to carry

* Hiệu quả (sau Adj / Adv + ENOUGH)

- I’m strong enough to carry that heavy box

- He isn’t rich enough to travel everywhere by taxi

4/ Dùng sau một số động từ nhất định như : afford, agree, arrange, decide, demand, expect,

fail, hope, intend, learn, manage, need, offer, plan, pretend, promise,refuse, threaten, want, wish, would like…

- They promised to come back soon

- He can’t afford to take a taxi

…và dùng sau một số động từ có O (verb + obj + to inf) như : advise, allow, ask, beg,

encourage, expect, forbid, force, help, invite, order, permit, persuade, prefer, remind, teach, tell, want, warn…

- They don’t allow us to smoke in the office

- I taught myself to play the guitar

+ Chú ý : Một số động từ có thể theo sau bởi danh động từ hoặc động từ nguyên mẫu nhưng có

sự khác biệt về nghĩa trong câu

(*) Remember + gerund : nhớ lại việc đã thực hiện

- I remember posting the letter

Remember + to infinitive : nhớ để thực hiện

- I remember to post the letter

(*) Stop + gerund : ngưng thực hiện việc đang làm

- She stopped mending the dress

Stop + to infinitive : ngưng làm một việc gì khác để làm việc này

- He stopped to have a drink

(*) Try + gerund : thử làm việc gì

- I try writing in blue ink to see if my handwriting is better

Try + to infinitive : cố gắng làm việc gì

- They tried to work as hard as they could

(*) Mean + gerund : mang ý nghĩa

- Failure in the exam means having to learn one more year

Mean + to infinitive : dự định làm việc gì

- He means to take the coming exam

(*) Forget + gerund : quên điều gì đã xảy ra

- I forgot telling her this story

Forget + to infinitive : quên làm điều gì

- I forgot to tell her about this

(*) Regret + gerund : hối tiếc việc đã xảy ra

- She regrets going to a village school

- The party was great He regretted not to go there

Regret + to infinitive :Lấy làm tiếc phảiõ làm việc gì

- I regret to say that she can’t come tonight

C Bare Infinitive

Đây là động từ nguyên thể không đi kèm với to (infinitive without to) và được sử dụng trong

các trường hợp sau :

1/ Dùng sau các động từ khiếm khuyết (Modal verbs) như : can, could, may, might, must,

ought to…

- You may go now

- They must finish the work by now

2/ Dùng sau các động từ : HAVE, LET, MAKE, HELP…

- I helped the child tidy his desk

- He had a painter paint the gate

- They let him enter the room without a ticket

- My parents make me go to bed early

3/ Dùng sau BUT, EXCEPT với nghĩa “ngoại trừ”

- Why don’t you do anything but complain?

- She agreed to do everything but help him with the homework

4/ Dùng sau các động từ chỉ giác quan như : see, watch, hear, notice, observe, spot…

- We heard them sing all morning

- He saw the thief enter the hall

Chú ý : như ta đã biết hiện tại phân từ (present participle) có thể được dùng cho các động từ

trên để diễn tả hành động đang tiếp diễn Còn động từ nguyên thể dùng trong trường hợp này chỉ hành động đã hoàn tất

- I watched them playing football for a while (trận đấu vẫn đang tiếp diễn)

- I watched them play football yesterday afternoon (xem toàn bộ trận đấu)

Exercise GERUND

Choose the best answer

1 I’m worried _ my final exam in statistics

A about falling B to fall C with falling D to fallure

2 the scholarship really surprised me

A Mike got B Mike getting C Mike’s getting D Mike gets

3 Many northerners look forward _ a garden in the spring

A to plant B to planting C with planting D to planting of

4 “May I have a word with you ,Mrs Adam ? ” – “ Is this in regard late yesterday ?”

A of you coming B to you coming C to your coming D of your coming

5 Who is responsible _ the garbage – the husband of the wife ?

A to take out B for take out C for taking out D with taking out

6 I think at the train station will surprise Aunt Kate

A your being B you are C you being D you to be

7 “ How do I turn on the T.V ? ” – “ _ the button at the right ”

A From pushing B By pushing C You pushing D To push

8 “It’s difficult to make money as an artist ”

– “ Have you considered _ a course in business for artists ?”

A To take B about taking C your taking D taking

9 “ Why have you decided to go back to school ”

– “ I’m tired _ as a secretary ”

A for work B to work C of working D about working

10 “ We were opponents of the political regime in our country.”

“ And that led to to the United States thirty – five years ago ”

A us coming B our coming C come D us to come

11 “ How do you like American food ?”

– “ Well, it’s not bad Now I _ hamburgers ”

A used to eat B am used to eat C used to eating D am used to eating

12 We insisted _ by the manager

A to be seen B to see C on being seen D on seeing

13 _ for director must have surprised you

A Your being nominated B You nominated

C Your nominating D You’re being nominated

14 “ What are you reading ?”

– “ It’s a magazine article your own furniture ”

A to make it B about make C about making D for make

15 a foreign language well is a long process

A Learn B Learning C To learning D Having learned

16 What do you enjoy _ in your free time ?

A doing B do C to do D done

17 You can’t go to England without _ to Bucking ham Palace

18 Would you mind not _ ?

A to be smoking B to smoke C smoking D smoke

19 She was worried about by thieves

A being robbed B robbing C being rob D be robbing

20 You can’t stop me from _ what I want

A doing B do C to do D that I do

GERUND AND INFINITIVE

1 I can’t afford _ you any more money

A borrowing B to borrow C to lend D my lending

2 The teacher encouraged _ good compositions

A us write B us to write c us writing d us to writing

3 “ Stacey seems like a bright student ”

- “ She’s always the first her work.”

A to finish B finishing C to being finished with D to be finish with

4 Please ask the restaurant clientele in the no smoking area

A don’t smoke B not to smoke C not smoking D don’t to smoke

5 “Why have you given up your job ? ”

– “ on my present salary is impossible ”

A For me to live B To live for me C Me living D I live

6 “What’s wrong with Henry ? ” – “ He needs ”

A cheer up B to be cheer up C cheering up D to cheered up

7 “Why are you mad ?” – “ I dislike by my first name ”

A you call B you to call me C your calling me D you call me

8 “ Which baseball team do you support ?”

– “ We’d like ”

A the Tigers win B That the Tigers win C the Tigers will win D the Tigers to win

9 “ May I help you ?”

– “ Yes , I need someone _ the tire on my car ”

A change B to change C changing D to be changed

10 “I heard Fred is going to work for the ambassader ”

– “ Yes , he was lucky _ such a good job.”

A to give B about getting C to be given D to be giving

11 Can you get the teacher us less homework ?

12 “ Mary hasn’t been feeling well lately ”

– “ Yes, we want _ by a doctor ”

A him to examine B that he be examined

C him to be examined D he is examined

13 “ How did you travel so cheaply in Europe ? ”

– “ We reduced our expenses by taking the train and _ in inexpensive restaurants ”

14 “ Your homemade ice cream is so good What’s your secret ?”

– “ _ good ice cream, you need to use a lot of cream ”

15 “ I’d like to go bowling tonight ”

“ Don’t forget we’ve already made plans _ to dinner at the Caihouns’ ”

16 “ Why are you mad , Katherine ?” – “ That traffic jam _ be late ”

A made us B caused us C had us to D forced us

17 “ My mother says I can’t marry Jim” – “ She should let your own mind.”

A you make up B that you make up C you to make up D you making up

18 I can’t open the top of this apple juice “ – “ it.”

A Mark have to do B Make Mark to do C Have Mark do D Have Mark done

19 I can hear a cat at the widow

A scratching B scratches C to scrath D was scratching

20 “ Why do the police want to talk to you ?”

– “ Because we saw the money _ last night.”

A stealing B been stolen C stole D stolen

IV Useful Structures

1 It’s/ was + S + that + Predicate : ChÝnh… mµ…

eg Smoking causes lung cancer – It’s smoking that causes lung cancer

My sister gave me a computer on my birthday.- It was my sister that gave gave me a computer on

my birthday

2.It’s + Adj + for somebody + to infi = To infi + be + Adj

= Ving + be + Adj