2. Usage :
- Diễn tả một hành động sẽ hoàn tất vào một thời điểm cho tr-ớc ở t-ơng lai.
Th-ờng dùng các cụm từ chỉ thời gian nh- : By+ mốc thời gian (By the time , By then.
when)
eg. We’ll have finished our lesson by 11 o’clock.
When you come back, I’ll have had lunch.
By the time tomorrow, we’ll have flown to Moscow.
XII. The future perfect continuous tense (Thì tương lai hoàn thành tiếp diễn) 1. Form: S + will + have been + Ving
2. Usage : - Diễn tả một hành động bắt đầu từ quá khứ và kéo dài đến một thời điểm cho tr-ớc ở t-ơng lai. Th-ờng dùng các cụm từ chỉ thời gian nh- :
By... for + khoảng thời gian (By the time , By then)
eg. By this time next year, my father will have been working here for 25 years.
By May, they’ll have been living in this house for 15 years.
FUTURE PERFECT VỚI FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS
+ Thì Future Perfect (Tương Lai Hoàn Thành) được dùng để chỉ một hành động sẽ hoàn thành trước một hành động khác trong tương lai hay một điểm thời gian ở tửụng lai.
- The taxi will have arrived by the time you finish dressing.
- By next Christmas, he will have lived in Dalat for 5 years.
+ Để nhấn mạnh tính liên tục của hành động, chúng ta dùng thì Future Perfect Continuous (Tương Lai Hoàn Thành Tiếp Diễn).
- By the time you receive this letter, we shall have been travelling through Russia.
- By next June, they will have been working in this factory for 12 years.
Sequence of tenses( sự hòa hợp về thì ) Trong câu có hai mệnh đề trở lên, các động từ phải có sự phối hợp về thì.
1. Sự hòa hợp về thì của các động từ trong mệnh đề chính(main clause) và mệnh đề phô ( subordinate clause) nh- sau :
Main clause Subordinate clause
1. Simple present - Simple present - Present perfect - Present continuous
- Simple future/ Near future
- Simple past (nếu thời gian xác định ở qúa khứ) 2. Simple past - Simple past
- Past perfect - Past continuous
- Would/ was ,were+ going to + V bare inf.
- Simple present (mét ch©n lý) 3. Present perfect - Simple present
4. Past perfect - Simple past
eg. Marry says she will come here next Sunday.
People have said that London has much fog.
2. Sự phối hợp của các động từ trong mệnh đề chính và mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian nh- sau:
Main clause Adverbial clause of time
1. Present tenses - Present tenses
2. Past tenses - Past tenses
3. Future tenses - Present tenses
+ Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian th-ờng đ-ợc bắt đầu với các từ nối sau:
- when: - until:
- whenever : - just as: ngay khi
- as: - since:
- while: - no sooner ....than: ngay khi - before: - hardly....when: khã...khi
- after: - as long as: chừng nào, cho đến khi - as soon as:
- till:
eg. You will go home as soon as you have finished your exercises.
When I came there, it was raining hard.
I often drink coffee while I am watching T.V.
+ Note:- Không đ-ợc dùng thì t-ơng lai (Future tenses) trong các mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian ( có thể thay bằng thì hiện tại).
eg. If it rains tomorrow, We’ll stay at home.
- Trong tr-ờng hợp dùng từ nối Since l-u ý:
S + V( Pr.perfect/ present perfect cont) + Since + S + V(past simple) eg. You have been studying English since you came here.
EXERCISE
Exercise 1: Put the verb in brackets into the simple past or past continuous tense.
1. I...(get) up at 7.00 o’clock. The sun ...(shine), so I ...(go) for a walk.
2. Nancy ...(not/ go) to work yesterday. She was ill.
3. Mai...( watch) television when I ...(phone) her.
4. I (see)...Barbara at the party. She ...(wear) a red dress.
5. When we...(go) out...(rain).
6. The postman...(come) when I ...(have) 7. breakfast.
8. The boy...(break) a window when they ...(play) football.
9. I ...(have) a bath when the phone...(ring).
10. What ...(you/ do) on Saturday evening? – I went dancing.
11. Tom...(take) a photograph of me while I ...(not/ look).
12. What ...(you/ do) at this time yesterday?
13. Last night I...(read) in bed when suddenly I ...(heard) a scream.
14. Carol...(wait) for me when I ...(arrive).
15. ...(you/ watch) television when I phoned you?
16. I...(not/ drive) very fast when the accident... (happen).
17. I ...(not/ go) out because it...(rain).
18. What ... (you/ do) when I (call)... you?
19. While Maria was cleaning the department, her husband ... (sleep).
20. When Mark arrived, I...(have) dinner, but I stopped in order to talk to him.
21. When the teacher...(enter) the room, the students were talking.
Exercise 2: Put the verb in brackets into the simple past or past perfect tense.
1. We ………(go) to a concert last night.
2. He ………(leave) three days ago.
3. They ………..(sell) their house this morning.
4. I ………….(get) up early this morning.
5. I …………..(watch) TV last night.
6. My sister ……….(not/ buy) the car yesterday afternoon.
7. Yesterday morning, the alarm went off and I …... (get) up and then
………(go) down to the kitchen.
8. Jane ………. (see) Lan’s brother a month ago in London.
9. What ……… you ………(do) last night?
- I ………(write) a letter and then ………(do) my homework.
10. When we …………..(arrive) at the bus stop, the bus ……….(already/ start).
11. I ………(worry) a lot before I heard from my beloved aunt.
12. We ………..(drink) a small cup of tea after we ………....(finish) breakfast.
13. Tom ………..(just/ go) out when I ……….(call) at his home.
14. The hostess ………..……be sure that she ………..(see) the thief before.
15. When I ………(reach) the station, the train …………(already/leave).
16. As soon as the children ………... (finish) their breakfast , they ……...(run) out to play.
17. The sun ………..(set) before I……..…… (be) ready to go.
18. He ………. (learn) a lot of English before he ………..(go ) to England.
19. He ……….(thank) me for what I ……….(do) for his parents.
20. When we ……….(come) many guests ………….(arrive).
Exercise 3: Put the verbs into the correct tense of the verbs in brackets
1. Yesterday afternoon Anna (go)………..………….to the station to meet her friend.
when She(get)……….. there, her friend (already/ wait) ………. for her. The train (arrive) ………. early.
2. When I got home, Bill (lie) ………. on the sofa. The television was on, but he (not watch) ……… it, he (fall) ……… asleep and (snore)
……… loudly
I (turn) ……… the television off and just then he (wake) ………… up.
3. he end of the 21st century, they ……… (finish) building tall buildings in this area.
4. When you ……… (come) to England this summer, please visit me.
5. When she ………… (arrive) at the station, the train ………… (leave).
6. He ……… (put) down the living room carpet at the moment.
7. I ………. (not see) her for 20 years now.
8. He didn’t pass the exam. If he ……… (study) harder, he (not fail) the exam.