I. AFFIRMATIVE . NEGATIVE IMPERATIVE: (Câu mệnh lệnh)
Câu mệnh lệnh: Là loại câu yêu cầu người khác làm gì đó, cách nhận dạng câu mệnh lệnh. Đầu câu là:
Direct speech Indirect speech Vinf
Don’t Can you Could you Would you Would you mind
Please (please có thể ở cuối câu) ...
S + tell / ask / order + O + (not) to infinitive
E.g: The teacher said: "Keep silent and look at the blackboard!"
-> The teacher told us to keep silent and look at the blackboard.
E.g. John said: "Don't forget to call me when you get home, Anna!"
✓ John told Anna not forget to call him when she got hom
I. STATEMENTS
S + said (that) / told+ O + (that) + S + V ...
E.g. Henry said: "I am going to visit my grandparents tomorrow."
✓ Henry said he was going to visit his grandparents the following day.
II. QUESTIONS
A. YES – NO QUESTION
Trực tiếp: “Aux verb … + S + V . . . ?
Gián tiếp: S + ask (O) . wonder + if / whether + S + V…..
B. WH - QUESTION
Trực tiếp: S + V “WH –word + aux verb + S + V?”
Gián tiếp: S + ask + (O) /. wonder + WH –word + S + V (want to know)
WH –word: What , Why , When , Who , How old , How often , What time, Who, ...
Aux verb: be, will, do, does, did, have, has…
Ex1: The old man said “Are you a good student?”
-> The old man asked if / whether I was a good student.
Ex2: Mum asked me: "Have you seen my daughter?"
-> Mum asked me if I had seen her daughter Ex3: Susan said: "What happened to you, Michael"
-> Susan asked Michael what had happened to him.
Ex4: “Why didn’t I get a computer before?” thought the office manager.
➔ The office manager wondered why he had not got a computer before
III. ADVICE, REQUEST, INVITATIONS
S +
agree , decide , offer , promise , refuse … + to infinitive advise . ask . invite . remind . encourage . persuade .
tell … + O + to infinitive
deny , suggest , admit , regret , postpone … + Ving
apologize for, congratulate someone on , accuse
someone of , approve of , blame someone for , blame sth on sb , dream of , insist on , object to , prevent someone from , thank someone for , warn someone against, criticize sb for, ...
+ Ving
Ex1: Mary said, “Jim, you shouldn’t drink too much coffee.”
-> Mary advised Jim not to drink too much coffee
Ex2: He said, “Would you like to come to a party on Saturday?”
-> She asked me to come to a party on Saturday Ex3: “I am sorry I’m late “, he said
-> He apologized for being late
Ex4: “Why don’t you put your luggage under the seat?” he asked.
-> He suggested putting my luggage under the seat
MỘT SỐ CÔNG THỨC NHẬN BIẾT ĐẶC BIỆT
Ex: “ You had better study harder” Tom said Tom advised me to study harder.
“ Why don’t you forgive him?” Tom said Tom advised me to forgive him.
Ex: ‘Why don’t we go out for lunch?” Mary said -> Mary suggested going out for lunch.
Ex: “ Would you like to go out with me?” He said -> He invited me to go out with him.
Câu cảm thán
Ex: - “What a lovely dress!” She exclaimed with delight that the dress was lovely.
- “Oh! I’ve cut myself” said the little boy . The little boy exclaimed with pain that he had cut himself.
Một số dạng khác:
Lời chào dùng greet, Cảm ơn dùng thank, Lời chúc dùng wish Ex: She said to me “Hello!” => She greeted me.
Ex: “Thank you very much for your help” => She thanked me for my help.
Ex: “Happy new year!” => She wished me a happy new year.
MỘT SỐ BÀI TẬP ÁP DỤNG I. STATEMENTS (CÂU TRẦN THUẬT) S + had better
S + should -> S + advise + O + ( not) to inf.
Why don’t you…
If I were you…
Let’s…
Why don’t we… -> S + suggest + Ving Shall we…
How about …..
Would you like ….? S + invite + O + to inf.
S + exclaim with + Danh từ biểu lộ trạng thái + that Disappointment / admiration
Horror / satisfaction surprise / pain
regret / delight …
1. She said, “I went to the cinema yesterday.”
She said __________________________________.
2. He said, “I am writing a test tomorrow.”
He said __________________________________.
3. You said, “I will do this for him.”
You said __________________________________.
4. She said, “I am not hungry now.”
She said _________________________________.
5. They said, “We have never been here before.”
They said _________________________________.
6. They said, “We were in London last week.”
They said _________________________________.
7. He said, “I will have finished this paper by tomorrow.”
He said _________________________________.
8. “I will apply for my visa tomorrow,” She said.
She said _________________________________.
9. “If I were you, I wouldn’t come here,” Lan said.
Lan said _________________________________.
10. Mary said “I wish I were a boy.”
Mary said _________________________________.
11. He said “I was born in 2000.”
He said _________________________________.
12. My teacher said “the sun rises in the East”.
My teacher said _________________________________.
13. “You had better not contact to her,” Tom said to me.
Tom said to me _________________________________.
II. QUESTIONS (CÂU HỎI) 1. “Where is my umbrella?” she asked.
She asked_________________________________.
2. “How are you?” Martin asked us.
Martin asked us_________________________________.
3. He asked, “Do I have to do it?”
She asked_________________________________.
4. ”Where have you been?” the mother asked her daughter.
The mother asked her daughter_________________________________.
5. “Which dress do you like best?” she asked her boyfriend.
She asked her boyfriend. _________________________________.
6. “What are they doing?” she asked.
She wanted to know_________________________________.
7. “Are you going to the cinema?” he asked me.
He wanted to know_________________________________.
8. The teacher asked, “Who speaks English?”
The teacher wanted to know_________________________________.
9. “How do you know that?” she asked me.
She asked me_________________________________.
10. “Has Caron talked to Kevin?” my friend asked me.
My friend asked me_________________________________.
III. REQUESTS (CÂU MỆNH LỆNH) 1. She said, “Go upstairs.”
She told me_________________________________.
2. “Close the door behind you,” he told me.
He told me_________________________________.
3 “Don't be late,” he advised us.
He advised us_________________________________.
4.”Stop staring at me,” she said.
She told him_________________________________.
5.“Don't be angry with me,” he said.
He asked her_________________________________.
6.“Leave me alone,” she said.
She told me_________________________________.
7.“Don't drink and drive,” she warned us.
She warned us_________________________________.
8.“John, stop making noise,”
John’s mother ordered_________________________________.
9.“Don't worry about us,” they said.
They told her_________________________________.
10.”Meet me at the cinema. “he said.
He asked me_________________________________.
IV. REPORTED SPEECH WITH TO INFINITIVE 1. “You Should see a doctor, Hoa.”
She advised_________________________________.
2. “If you like, I’ll help you clean the windows,” Jane said.
Jane offered_________________________________.
3. “We’ll tell Bruno about the party,” said Tom and Jerry.
Tom and Jerry promised_________________________________
4. ”Why did you change your job?” Lam asked Linh . Lam wanted_________________________________.
5. “Remember to lock the door before going to school,” my sister said.
My sister reminded_________________________________.
6. “You should join the football tea, Eric,” said the teacher.
The teacher encouraged_________________________________.
7. “Come and see me whenever you want,” he said to me.
He invited_________________________________.
8. “All right, I’ll wait for you;” he said to me.
He agree_________________________________.
9. “You can go home, boys.”
The man allowed_________________________________.
10. “Be careful of strangers and not to go out at night”.
He warned us_________________________________.
V. REPORTED SPEECH WITH GERUND 1. “Shall we go for a swim now?”.
She suggested_________________________________.
2. “I know I’m wrong,” he said.
He admitted_________________________________.
3. “I didn’t say that,” Lan said.
Lan denied_________________________________.
4. “If only I had told him the true!”
Jane regrets_________________________________.
5. “I haven’t finished the assignment yet. I’m really sorry”.
The boy apologized. _________________________________.
6. “It’s you who took my bag,” said the man to the boy.
The man accused_________________________________.
7. “No, no .I really must sit for the test.”
She insisted on_________________________________.
8. “What I always want is to become a doctor,” she said.
She dreamt_________________________________.
9. “I can’t let you use the mobile phone,” his mother said.
His mother prevented_________________________________.
10. “It’s really nice of you to visit me,” she said to him.
She thanked_________________________________.
11. “I like the car. I’ll buy it.”
The woman thought_________________________________.
12. “I feel like going to America soon.”
She looked forward to________________________________