Chuyên đề sinh hoạt chuyên môn bồi dưỡng học sinh giỏi tiếng anh trực tiếp gián tiếp

Chuyên đề sinh hoạt chuyên môn bồi dưỡng học sinh giỏi tiếng anh trực tiếp gián tiếp Chuyên đề sinh hoạt chuyên môn bồi dưỡng học sinh giỏi tiếng anh trực tiếp gián tiếp

Tháng 12, 2022 INDIRECT SPEECH I KHÁI NIỆM: * Direct and Indirect ( reported ) speech ( lời nói trực tiếp gián tiếp ) - Lời nói trực tiếp lặp lại xác từ người nói thường đặt dấu ngoặc kép Eg: “ I don’t like this party.” Bill said “ I don’t like this party.” lời nói trực tiếp hay câu trực tiếp - Lời nói gián tiếp thuật lại ý người nói (có thể thay đổi cấu trúc câu nghĩa không thay đổi) Eg: Hoa said: “I want to go home.” -> Hoa said she wanted to go home - câu gián tiếp (indirect speech) II NHỮNG THAY ĐỔI KHI CHUYỂN TỪ TRỰC TIẾP SANG GIÁN TIẾP: Thay đổi động từ: Direct speech Indirect speech Present simple Past simple Present progressive Past progressive Present perfect Past perfect Past simple Past perfect / Past simple Past perfect Past perfect Past progressive Past progressive/ progressive Is/are/am Was/were Don’t/doesn’t Didn’t Will/shall would + V (với tất chủ ngữ) Past perfect should+ V(nếu chủ ngữ I/we) 10 Can could 11 Must (chắc là) Must Must (phải) had to 12 Have/has Had 13 May Might Thay đổi tính từ định trạng từ cụm trạng từ nơi chốn, thời gian: Direct speech Indirect speech This That These Those Here There Now Then / at that time Today That day Tonight That night Yesterday The day before The day before yesterday Two days before Tomorrow the next day/ the following day/the day after 10 The day tomorrow 11 Ago Before 12 This week That week 13 Last (week) The (week) before / the previous (week) 14 Next (week) The following (week)/ the next (week)/ the week after after in two days time *Lưu ý: 1- “this/these” mà sử dụng tính từ có th ể bi ến đổi thành “the” Eg: He said: “ I bought this pearl / these pearls for my mother.”  He said that he had bought the pearl / pearls for his mother 2- “this/these” mà sử dụng tân ngữ có th ể bi ến đổi thành “it /them” Eg: He said: “We will discuss this tomorrow.”  He said they would discuss it the next day Thay đổi đại từ nhân xưng, tân ngữ, tính từ sở hữu, đại từ sở hữu, đại từ phản thân a Đại từ nhân xưng b Tân ngữ I he/she we they you I/ we/he/she/the me him/ her y us them c Đại từ sở hữu Tính từ sở hữu you me/ us/him/her/ them mine his/ hers my his/ her ours theirs our their your mine/ ours/ s his/her/theirs your my / our/ her/his/their e Đại từ phản thân: d myself himself/ herself ourselve themselves s yourself myself / yourselv himself/herself es ourselves/ themselves *Lưu ý: Khi tường thuật lại lời nói mình, “I” từ liên quan đến chủ ngữ “I” không đổi Eg I said “ I like my new house’ house I said that I liked my new III CÁCH CHUYỂN CÁC LOẠI CÂU SANG CÂU GIÁN TIẾP: Câu trần thuật lời nói gián tiếp : Cách làm: - Dùng động từ giới thiệu: said (to SB), told (SB) - Đổi đại từ nhân xưng, đại từ tính từ sở hữu cho tương ứng với chủ ngữ tân ngữ mệnh đề - Đổi động từ - Đổi tính từ định trạng từ cụm trạng từ nơi chốn, thời gian Eg - Ba said “ I’m a doctor” -> Ba said that he was a doctor - “I have to my homework.” he said -> He said that he had to his homework - Mary said to Peter: “I have seen this film” ->Mary told Peter that she had seen that film Form: S + said (to SB) / told (SB) (that) S2 + V(lùi ) *Lưu ý (Những trường hợp sau khơng lùi động từ): + Khi động từ giới thiệu tương lai, câu dẫn trực tiếp câu điều kiện có thật, câu trực tiếp diễn tả chân lý, thật hiển nhiên ta khơng đổi Eg: She has said/ will say “ The questions are very difficult” ->She has said / will say that the questions are very difficult + Các động từ tình thái “ could, should, would, might, ought to, used to, had better, needn’t” thường không biến đổi chuyển sang gián tiếp Eg He said “ You’d better not contact her” - -> He said that I had better not contact her Nhưng chủ ngữ “you” ta thực sau: + “You might + V…”=> S + asked SB + to V + “You ought to/ should + V…” => S + advised SB + to V… Với “had better (not)” chuyển sang gián ti ếp ta có th ể dùng c ấu trúc: S + advise(thì) + SB + (not) to V… + Lời nói trực tiếp câu điều kiện khơng có thật (dạng 2, 3) mệnh đề giả định theo sau “wish, would rather, would sooner, It’s time / high time” khơng đổi chuyển sang gián ti ếp Eg He said “ It’s time we began planning our holidays -> He said that It was time they began planning their holidays Nhưng câu điều kiện có dạng: “If I were you,….” chuyển sang gián tiếp ta dùng cấu trúc S + advised SB (not) to V Eg: Ha said: “ If I were you, I would not like that.”  Ha advised me not to like that + Thì QKTD QKT theo lý thuyết biến đ ổi thành QKHTTD QKHT khơng thay đổi có thời gian xác định mệnh đề thời gian: Eg: He said: “When we were living/lived in Paris, we often saw him.”  He said when they were living/lived in Paris, they often saw/had seen him + Thì khứ mà dùng để miêu tả tình trạng cơng việc tồn lời nói tường thuật khơng thay đổi Eg: She said, “ I decided not to buy the house because it was on a main road.” =>She said that she had decided not to buy the house because it was on a main road Câu hỏi lời nói gián tiếp : a Câu hỏi “ yes-no question”: Cách làm: - Dùng động từ giới thiệu: asked, wondered ( tự hỏi ), wanted to know - Dùng “If” “whether” sau động từ giới thiệu - Đổi cấu trúc câu hỏi thành câu trần thuật - Đổi thì, đại từ, tính từ sở hữu, trạng từ … - Thay dấu hỏi thành dấu chấm Eg Tom said to Mary: “ Will you come next week?” ->Tom asked Mary if / whether she would come the following week Form: S + asked + ( O ) + if/ whether + S + V(lùi thì) wanted to know wondered *Lưu ý: - Nếu câu hỏi có tính chất lựa chọn thường có từ “or” chuyển sang gián tiếp ta dùng “whether” không dùng “if” sau động từ giới thiệu Eg: “Are you a doctor or a nurse?” Lan asked me => Lan asked me whether I was a doctor or a nurse - Nếu câu hỏi mệnh đề điều kiện chuyển sang gián tiếp ta nên dùng “whether” Eg: “Will you move to York if you get the job? Bill asked => Bill asked whether I’d move to York if I got the job b Câu hỏi “ wh - question” Cách làm: - Dùng động từ giới thiệu: asked, wondered ( tự hỏi ), wanted to know - Dùng từ để hỏi “ where, why, what, when….’ sau động từ giới thiệu - Đổi cấu trúc câu hỏi thành câu trần thuật - Đổi thì, đại từ, tính từ sở hữu, trạng từ … - Thay dấu hỏi thành dấu chấm Eg Tom asked me: “ Where can I buy some wine?” ->Tom asked me where he could buy some wine Form: S + asked + O + wh–question word + S + V (lùi ) Note: Khi tường thuật lại câu hỏi có cấu trúc “who/ what/ which + be + bổ ngữ” “be’ đặt trước sau bổ ngữ: Eg “Who’s the best player?” She asked ->She asked me who was the best player/ She asked me who the best player was * Question words + to V: Chúng ta sử dụng cấu trúc: Question-word ( who, what, where, when, how) + to V câu gián tiếp để diễn tả tình hu ống khó khăn không chắn ( trừ từ “why” – không áp dụng theo quy t ắc này) Eg: a “Who should we contact in this situation?” Lan asked herself => Lan wondered who to contact in that situation b “Should I phone her now?” He wondered => He wondered whether to phone her then Form: S + ask (O) wonder (thì) (not) be sure (not) decide + QUESTION-WORD + to + V have no idea WHETHER (đối với câu nghi vấn) (not) tell (not) know (Ta sử dụng cấu trúc “Wh-words + to V” chủ ngữ câu trực tiếp “I/ we”) Câu mệnh lệnh, câu yêu cầu lời nói gián tiếp a Câu mệnh lệnh: Cấu trúc câu mệnh lệnh : V + ( O ) Don’t + V + ( O ) Cách làm: - Dùng động từ giới thiệu: asked, told - Đặt tân ngữ (O) người nhận lệnh sau động từ giới thiệu - Dùng dạng “to V” cho động từ câu trực tiếp (câu phủ định thêm “not” trước “to V” - Đổi thì, đại từ, tính từ sở hữu bỏ từ “please” có Eg The doctor said to me: “Stay in bed for a few days.” ->The doctor asked/ told me to stay in bed for a few days “ Please don’t tell anybody what happened.” Ann said to Jim ->Ann asked Jim not to tell anybody what had happened Form: S + asked/ told + O ( not ) + to + V: Ai bảo/ yêu cầu làm b Câu yêu cầu: Cấu trúc câu yêu cầu : Can / Could / Will / Would you … , please ? Would /Do you mind + V-ing … Cách làm: - Dùng động từ giới thiệu: asked, told - Đặt tân ngữ (O) người yêu cầu sau động từ giới thiệu - Dùng dạng “to V” cho động từ câu trực tiếp - Đổi thì, đại từ, tính từ sở hữu bỏ từ “please” có Eg: “Can you please tell me the way to the cinema?” He said to me ->He asked me to tell him the way to the cinema “ Would you mind turning the music down?” He said to his neighbors 10 D She said that the train will leave soon 15 “Alas! It can’t be this bad.” Andy said A Andy exclaimed with sorrow that that couldn’t be that bad B Andy grieved that it couldn’t be that bad C Andy said that it was really that bad D Andy said with sorrow that that was bad 16 My teacher said, “The sun is a renewable energy source.” A My teacher said that the sun was a renewable energy source B My teacher said that the sun is a renewable energy source C My teacher told that the sun is a renewable energy source D My teacher tells that the sun was a renewable energy source 17 The secretary said, “Is Mr Brown in his office?” A The secretary said that if Mr Brown was in his office B The secretary enquired if Mr Brown was in his office C The secretary enquired that if Mr Brown was in his office D The secretary asked if Mr Brown had been in his office 18 The policeman said, “Don’t cross the speed limit.” A The policeman said not to cross the speed limit B The policeman asked if I would cross the speed limit C The policeman forbade me to cross the speed limit D The policeman asks if I had crossed the speed limit 19 Mr Lee said, “I must attend the meeting.” A Mr Lee said that he had to attend the meeting B Mr Lee said that it was must that he attend the meeting C Mr Lee said if he must attend the meeting D Mr Lee said that he would attend the meeting 25 20 She said, “What an astonishing view!” A She said that the view was astonishing B She exclaimed that the view is astonishing C She exclaimed with joy and said that the view was astonishing D She exclaimed that the view was astonishing 21 My boss said that she there at noon A is going to be B was going to be C will be D can be 22 They asked me when _ A did I arrive C I had arrived 23 B will I arrive D I can arrive The man said, “ I didn’t see her.” => The man said her A he had seen B I hadn’t seen C she didn’t see D he hadn’t seen 24 My dad said, “I watched TV last night.” => My dad said that he _ TV the night before A was watching B watched C had watched D has watched 25 The teacher told us that Columbus America in 1492 A discovered B had discovered C was discovering D would discover She said, “ I want to give up my job.” => She said that 26 A she wants to give up her job B she wanted to give up my job C I wanted to give up her job D she wanted to give up her job 26 27 Anna said: ”I have not seen Donald since last month ” A Mary said she has not seen Peter since the previous month B Mary said she had not seen Peter since the previous month C Mary said she was not seen Peter since the previous month D Mary said she doesn’t see Peter since the previous month “ I want to go on holiday but I don’t know where to go.” – said Thomas 28 => Thomas said that _ A he wanted to go on holiday but he doesn’t know where to go B he wants to go on holiday but he didn’t know where to go C he wanted to go on holiday but he didn’t know where to go D I wanted to go on holiday but I didn’t know where to go 29 “What will you this evening, John?” Mark asked A Mark asked John what he would that evening B Mark asked John what John did that evening C Mark wanted to know what she and John would that evening D Mark wanted to know what John would that evening 30 He said to them, “Don’t tell me such nonsense!” A He told them not to tell him such nonsense B He told them to tell him such nonsense C He told them not to tell them such nonsense D He told them to tell them such a nonsense 31 “I don’t know what mom is doing,” said my sister A My sister said that she didn’t know what mom was doing B My sister said she doesn’t know what mom is doing C My sister said that I don’t know what mom is doing D My sister said that she hasn’t known what mom was doing 27 32 “I’ve been playing tennis a lot lately,” Kai said A Kai said that I have been playing tennis a lot lately B Kai said that he has been playing tennis a lot lately C Kai said that he had been playing tennis a lot lately D Kai said that she had been playing tennis a lot lately 33 The mother asked her son _ A where he has been B where he had been C where has he been D where had he been 34 The maid said, “I gave them the address.” A The maid asked whether she should have given the address to them B The maid informed me that she had given the address to them C The maid said that she would give them the address D The maid said to give the address to them 35 “Don’t make noise in the library.” The librarian said to us A The librarian told us not to make noise in the library B The librarian ordered us not to make noise in the library C The librarian said to be quiet while in the library D The librarian asks me to not make any noise 36 Jen says: “I like drawing sketches.” A Jen says that she liked drawing sketches B Jen said that she has liked drawing sketches C Jen says that she likes to draw sketches D Jen said that she likes drawing sketches 37 The man said, “You can not park here!” A The man said that I may not park here B The man said to me that I was unable to park here 28 C The man told me that I couldn’t park there D The man forbade me to park here She said she _ collect the documents for me after work 38 A would B did C must D had They said that they had been driving through the desert 39 A the previous day B yesterday C the last day D Sunday previously Liam told me that he _ his best in the exam the _ day 40 A had done / following B will / previous C would do/ following D was going / previous KEY 10 A B D A C C B D C B 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 A D B C A B B C A D 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 B A D D B D B C A A 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 A C D B A C C A A C Exercise 6: Change these sentences into reported speech: "I was very tired," she said → She said 29 "Be careful, Ben," she said → She told Ben "I will get myself a drink," she says → She says "Why haven't you phoned me?" he asked me → He wondered "I cannot drive them home," he said → He said "Peter, you prefer tea or coffee?" she says → She asks Peter "Where did you spend your holidays last year?" she asked me → She asked me He said, "Don't go too far." → He advised her "Have you been shopping?" he asked us → He wanted to know "Don't make so much noise," he says → He asks us 10 KEY She said that she had been very tired She told Ben to be careful She says that she will get herself a drink He wondered why I hadn't phoned him He said that he could not drive them home She asks Peter if he prefers tea or coffee She asked me where I had spent my holidays the year before He advised her not to go too far He wanted to know if we had been shopping 30 He asks us not to make so much noise 10 Exercise 7: Choose the best answer: Julia said that she _ there at noon A is going to be B was going to be C will be D can be He _ that he was leaving way that afternoon A told me me B told to me C said me D says to She said to me that she to me the Sunday before A wrote written B has written C was writing I _ him to sell that old motorbike A said to recommended B suggested C advised My parents reminded me the flowers A remember to plant C to plant B not to plant D planting I asked Martha to enter law school A are you planning B is she planning C was she planning D if she was planning Nam wanted to know what time 31 D D had A does the movie begin B did the movie begin C the movie begins D the movie began I wondered _ the right thing A whether I was doing C was I doing B if I am doing D am I doing The scientist said the earth the sun A go around B is going around C went around D was going around 10 Peter said that if he rich, he _ a lot A is – will travel B were – would travel C had been – would have travelled D was – will travel 11 They said that they had been driving through the desert A the previous day B yesterday C the last day D Sunday previously 12 He asked the children _too much noise A not to make B not making C don’t make D if they don’t make 13 John said he _ her since they school A hasn’t met – left C hadn’t met - left B hadn’t met - had left D didn’t meet – has left 32 14 The woman asked get lunch at school A can the children B wether the chidren could C if the children can D could the children 15 Laura said that when she _ to school, she saw an accident A was walking B has walked C had been walking D has been walking 16 He asked, “Why didn’t she take the final exam?” - He asked why the final exam A she took B did she take C she hadn’t taken D she had taken 17 Ba said he some good marks last semester A gets B got C getting D have got 18 They told their parents that they _ their best to the test A try try B will try C are trying D would 19 She asked me where I _ from A come B coming C to come D came 20 He wants to know whether I _ back tomorrow A come come B came C will come 33 D would Key: 1B 2A 3D 4C 5C 6D 7D 8A 9C 10B 11A 12A 13C 14B 15A 16C 17B 18D 19D 20C Exercise 8: Rewrite these sentences using the given words: ‘I didn’t steal the money.’ Jean said (denied) ‘Why don’t we go to the cinema this evening?’ Peter said (suggested) _ ‘I’ve broken your pen I’m awfully sorry, Jack.’ David said (apologized) _ ‘Don’t forget to post my letter, will you, Sue?’ Diana said (reminded) ‘Let me carry your suitcase, John.’ (offered) ‘All right, it’s true I was nervous.’ The leading actor said (admitted) _ ‘I don’t think Liverpool will win.’ Vanessa said (doubted) _ ‘If I were you, Bill, I’d buy a mountain bike.’ Stephen said (advised) ‘You murdered Lord Digby, didn’t you, Colin!’ the inspector said (accused) _ 10 ‘It was me who stole the money,’ said Jim (admitted) _ 34 11 ‘Right I’ll take the brown pair’ Andrew said (decided) 12 ‘Sue, can you remember to buy some bread?’ Paul said (reminded) _ 13 ‘I don’t really think it’ll snow tomorrow’ I said (doubted) 14 ‘I’m sorry I didn’t phone you earlier.’ Jill said to me (apologized) _ 15 “Yes, all right, I’ll share the bill with you, Dave.’ Brenda said (agreed) _ 16 ‘No, I’m sorry, I won’t work on Saturday Definitely not!’ Catherine said (refused) 17 ‘Let’s go out to the café for lunch, shall we?’ Wendy said (suggested) _ 18 ‘It’s not true! I have never been arrested,” Larry said (denied) _ 19 ‘If you like, I’ll help you the decorating, Bob.’ Ann said (offered) 20 ‘I’ll definitely take you to the park on Sunday, children’ William said (promised) _ 21 Steve said to Mike, “Don’t touch the electric wires.’ (warned) _ 22 “Sergeant, take the man to the cells,” Mary said (ordered) 35 23 “Don’t tell anyone or you’ll be sorry,” Mary said to her friend (warned) _ 24 Peter said to Nick, “Would you like to stay for lunch?” (invited) 25 Tim said to Martin, “You ought to see a doctor.” (advised) KEY: Jean denied stealing the money Peter suggested going to the cinema that evening David apologized to Jack for breaking his pen Diana reminded Sue to post her letter I offered to carry John's suitcase The leading actor admitted being nervous Vanessa doubted whether Liverpool would win Stephen advised Bill to buy a mountain bike The inspector accused Collin of murdering Lord Digby 10 Jim admitted having stolen the money 11 Andrew decided to take the brown pair 12 Paul reminded Sue to buy some bread 13 I doubted whether it would snow the next day 14 Jill apologized for not phoning me earlier 15 Brenda agreed to share the bill with Dave 16 Catherine refused to work on Saturday 17 Wendy suggested going out to the café for lunch 18 Larry denied ever having been arrested 36 19 Ann offered to help Bob the decorating 20 William promised to take his children to the park on Sunday 21 Steve warned Mike against touching the electric wires Steve warned Mike not to touch the electric wires 22 Mary ordered Sergeant to take the man to the cells 23 Mary warned her friend against telling everyone Mary warned her friend not to tell everyone 24 Peter invited Nick to stay for lunch 25 Tim advised Martin to see a doctor Exercise 9: Rewrite these sentences using the given words: “Hurrah! I’ve passed the first exam!” he exclaimed He gave _ “Let’s have a rest,” said Tom “Yes, let’s,” said Ann Tom suggested _ “Ugh! There’s a slug in my lettuce Waiter!” He cried He exclaimed _ The boy said “ Thank you” The boy The notice said “ Welcome to Bac Ninh” The notice _ He said “ Good luck” He wished _ He said “ Happy Christmas” 37 He Lan said “ Congratulation” Lan _ Key: He gave an exclaimation of delight that he had passed the first exam Tom suggested having a rest and Ann agreed He exclaimed with disgust that there was a slug in his lettuce and called the waiter The boy thanked me The notice welcomed visitors to Bac Ninh He wished me luck He wished me a happy Christmas Lan congratulated me Exercise 10: Change these sentenses into direct speech: She asked where her umbrella was _ Martin asked us how we were _ He asked if he had to it _ The mother asked her daughter where she had been She asked her boyfriend which dress he liked best _ She wanted to know what they were doing _ 38 He wanted to know if I was going to the cinema _ The teacher wanted to know who spoke English _ She asked me how I knew that _ 10 My friend asked me if Caron had talked to Kevin _ Key: "Where is my umbrella?" she asked "How are you?" Martin asked us He asked, "Do I have to it?" "Where have you been?" the mother asked her daughter "Which dress you like best?" she asked her boyfriend "What are they doing?" she asked "Are you going to the cinema?" he asked me The teacher asked, "Who speaks English?" "How you know that?" she asked me 10 "Has Caron talked to Kevin?" my friend asked me 39 ... Lời nói trực tiếp lặp lại xác từ người nói thường đặt dấu ngoặc kép Eg: “ I don’t like this party.” Bill said “ I don’t like this party.” lời nói trực tiếp hay câu trực tiếp - Lời nói gián tiếp. .. want to go home.” -> Hoa said she wanted to go home - câu gián tiếp (indirect speech) II NHỮNG THAY ĐỔI KHI CHUYỂN TỪ TRỰC TIẾP SANG GIÁN TIẾP: Thay đổi động từ: Direct speech Indirect speech Present... lời nói gián tiếp: 13 Câu trực tiếp gồm hai nhiều loại câu kết hợp với nhau: Câu trần thuật + câu hỏi ; câu hỏi + câu mệnh lệnh + câu trần thuật … Khi đổi loại câu hỗn hợp sang câu gián tiếp ta