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1 INTRODUCTION Rationale of the thesis In the process of implementing the initiative and actively participating in international integration, Vietnam has strengthened the signing of free trade agreements (FTAs) with countries and regions in the world In the trade relations with Japan and Vietnam, as a member of ASEAN, AJCEP signed the ASEAN - Japan Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement AJCEP is evaluated as a comprehensive Free Trade Agreement (FTA) in many areas, including trade in goods, services, investment and economic cooperation The CPTPP Agreement is a new generation of free trade agreements, signed on March 8, 2018 and officially takes effect from December 30, 2018 for the first group of countries to complete the approval process Standard Agreement For Vietnam, the Agreement takes effect from January 14, 2019 With the first two free trade agreements (FTAs), Vietnam - Japan and ASEAN - Japan, some of Vietnam's seafood products exported to Japan have been removed from the tariff barrier With CPTPP, Japan pledged to abolish tax immediately for 86% of tariff lines, equivalent to 93.6% of Vietnam's export turnover to Japan, and nearly 90% of tariff lines after years In particular, many previous seafood products have not been committed to abolish taxes in the previous two FTAs will also enjoy 0% tax when exporting to Japan With the elimination of tariff lines for Vietnamese goods under the previous FTAs and the CPTPP Agreement, many exports to Japan have increased sharply According to Customs statistics, Vietnam's export turnover to the Japanese market in 2018 reached more than 18.8 billion USD, of which seafood accounted for 7.4% with many items rising as mollusk Head feet, all kinds of fish and tuna Tuna products have now become the third largest seafood export item of Vietnam after shrimp and basa fish At the same time, the tuna export turnover of Vietnam to Japan also occupies the 3rd position after key import markets: EU and US The situation of Vietnam's tuna exports is not commensurate with the potential and like the big market Japan The reason for this limitation is that the supply chain of tuna products was not suitable and did not link producers with customers in this market It can be said that, in theory, competitive advantage in the market of enterprises in the trend of globalization, especially for small and medium-sized enterprises will not only depend on the capacity of each enterprise but more and more reliant on links, cooperation with other businesses in a value chain, product supply chains Stemming from the above problems, it is necessary to have research and build a supply chain for tuna products for the Japanese market Therefore, I choose the topic "Solutions to complete the supply chain of tuna products for the Japanese market" as a doctoral dissertation subject in the field of commercial Overview of domestic and foreign research projects related to the thesis topic 2.1 Overview of domestic research topics Includes research topics on supply chain in general, product supply chain and supply chain of tuna products by domestic authors 2.2 Overview of foreign research topics Articles by foreign authors like Handfield and Bechtel (2002); Togar and Sridharan (2002); Rachel Wilshaw, Liesbeth Unger and colleagues; Kazunari Watanabe- Northwestern University Chicago, Illinois, 2003; Megan Bailey and U.Rashid Sumaila With research on supply chains, such as issues of cooperation, credibility, and labor supply in the supply chain In addition, the study also mentioned issues such as quality of seafood, Japanese tuna market or tuna resources Objective of the research 3.1 General objectives: Develop scientific arguments and solutions to complete Vietnam's tuna supply chain for the Japanese market, period 2019-2025 and orientation to 2030 3.2 Detail goal: - Systematize and clarify the rationale for completing the supply chain of tuna exports - Analyzing and assessing the situation of developing Vietnam's tuna supply chain for the Japanese market - Proposing solutions to complete Vietnam's tuna supply chain for the Japanese market Object and scope of the research Subjects of research: Vietnam's tuna supply chain, from when raw tuna is exploited and put into the chain until the product is transferred to Japanese importers Research scope: - About space: Studying the supply chain of Vietnamese tuna exports to Japan - About time: Collect data from 2008 to 2018 and propose solutions to 2025 - Regarding the content: Proposing the supply chain model, focusing on analyzing the activities of supply of tuna products, the impact of factors affecting the chain and the activities of the chain - Regarding research perspective: The thesis researches on the perspective of scientists to propose solutions to complete supply chains for businesses, petitions to the state and business associations Research method 5.1 Methodology of dialectical materialism and historical materialism 5.2 Methods of researching documents, inheriting previous research results 5.3 Survey method 5.4 Methods of data processing (Qualitative and quantitative methods) Qualitative method: Expert opinion method, SWOT matrix analysis method Quantitative method: Using descriptive statistical methods affecting supply chain through Cronbach Alpha reliability coefficient analysis Using Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) model to measure the relationship between research problems New points of the thesis In terms of theory: The thesis systematizes and supplements the theoretical basis of the supply chain of tuna products Specify concepts, structures, characteristics, linkage model, chain model, production organization, purchasing and exploitation of ocean tuna products, concept of completion and content of supply chain completion application of ocean tuna products Study the experiences of countries in organizing the supply chain of tuna products On the practical side: Based on the model of Vietnam's tuna supply chain for the Japanese market The dissertation analyzes the activities of the chain, thereby pointing out the remaining problems and the causes affecting the chain Since then, the thesis proposes appropriate solutions to help organize the supply chain of finished products more If the Japanese market is met, Vietnamese tuna products have many opportunities to enter markets with equally high requirements The thesis proposes recommendations to the State, Industry Association in supporting members and application of supply chain model for ocean tuna products Structure of the thesis The thesis has a structure of chapters: Chapter 1: Theoretical and practical basis on the supply chain of tuna product to Japanese market Chapter 2: Real situation of Vietnamese ocean fish supply chain for Japanese market Chapter 3: Orientation and Solutions for Vietnam's tuna supply chain for the Japanese market Chapter THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL BASIS ON THE SUPPLY CHAIN OF TUNA PRODUCT TO JAPANESE MARKET 1.1 The rationale for the supply chain of tuna products 1.1.1 Some basic definitions - Chain: From a mathematical point of view: "String is a series of countless number of symbols arranged, linked by plus" [Vietnamese Encyclopedia] - Supply chain: "Supply chain is a link with companies to bring products or services to market" "Supply chain is information flow, goods and cash It includes controlling all functions related to the flow of materials, from suppliers to customers, including purchase, transport, production management and inventory, manufacturing, storage and transportation" From the above concepts can be concluded as follows: supply chain is information flow, goods, cash It is done through purchasing, manufacturing, inventory, shipping and information activities to satisfy customer needs - Concept of product supply chain Product: "These are all things that can satisfy the demand or desire to be offered in the market for the purpose of attracting the attention of shopping, use or consumption." Product supply chain is the product flow from suppliers to customers, closely linked to satisfy customers' needs through the operation of the chain Supply chains not only include manufacturers, suppliers, but also carriers, warehouses, retailers and customers - Concept of ocean tuna supply chain Supply chain of ocean tuna products is the flow of ocean tuna products from the supply of inputs to product supply Lastly, to control the maximum cost, the maximum time to satisfy consumers' needs, achieve the target profit of the chain 1.1.2 Proposing a model of supply chain of tuna products 1.1.2.1 Model of ocean tuna supply chain - Vertical supply chain model The vertical supply chain model reflects the number of levels along the length of the chain The vertical distance is calculated as the distance from the member who is the first supplier to the final customer of the chain, as shown in the following figure: - Manufacturer: Is the organization making products Producers include raw material manufacturing companies and companies that produce finished products - Distributors: They sell products to other businesses, in larger quantities than individual customers often buy Distributors help manufacturers reduce the impact of fluctuations in market demand by storing inventories and doing most of the sales work to find and serve customers - Retailers: Reserve inventory and sell them to consumer customers Retailers also collect information about customers' preferences and needs Retailers also promote products and combine prices, select products, services, and benefits into the main tools to attract customers - Customer: As a consumer, any organization / individual who buys and uses products - Service providers: Organizations that provide services to manufacturers, distributors, retailers and customers The implementation of high specialization leads to a better service provider price than manufacturers, distributors or retailers in organizing and providing services - Model of export tuna products supply chain Product line It is an indispensable flow in the chain, originating from the first suppliers to consumers Processed material flows from the first supplier in the chain (domestic operators, importers) are then transferred through intermediaries to import market distributors Information flow in the chain First: Information line ordering from customers to manufacturing and processing enterprises Second: Feedback from suppliers: Receiving and processing through purchasing department 1.1.2.2 Members participating in the supply chain of tuna products Including operators, service providers and service providers, processing enterprises, import enterprises, distributors in foreign markets 1.1.2.3 Member leads the supply chain of tuna products With the characteristics of small exploitation and purchasing activities, there is a discrete nature Being capable of good finance, technology, and especially having a direct connection with importers in the Japanese market, processing-exporting enterprises have a clear understanding of market demand and product types products, requirements for tuna quality, price Therefore, processing enterprises - exporting tuna products play a leading role in the chain 1.1.2.4 Link form by contract between members Based on the time of contract performance: Short-term contracts, long-term contracts Based on business forms: Export contracts, import contracts Based on product flow: Input supply contract, Production management contract Contract for output output Based on the number of parties involved in the contract implementation: Bilateral contracts, unit contracts, main contracts and sub-contracts, conditional contracts 1.1.2.5 Form of information sharing - Types of sharing information: External information, internal information, information for the supply of raw materials, information from distributors - Sharing information within the enterprise - Share information with partners in the chain 1.1.3 The role and characteristics of the supply chain of tuna products The role of supply chain of tuna products - Increase consumer satisfaction when buying and using goods Through the supply chain - Cut the cost - Increasing the competitiveness of goods products - Adapt new management model in business activities of businesses Characteristics of ocean tuna supply chain - Requires strict quality management right from the stage of exploitation for ocean tuna - Exploitation method for ocean tuna products is a specific product - Requires cold chain to meet standards, consistency and strict management - The link between the members of the chain needs to be tight in order to minimize supply time, cost in the chain and good selling prices for consumers 8 - Being greatly affected by regulations for exploitation, such as exploitation season, exploitation area, environmental regulations, regulations on fishery managers, exploitation methods and product origin 1.2 Content of activities and complete supply chain of tuna 1.2.1 Operation of the supply chain of tuna products 1.2.1.1 Manufacturing - Processing: Production involves supply chain capacity to produce and store products Vehicles in production such as factories and warehouses 1.2.1.2 Place Locations related to location, activities performed in parts of the supply chain The choice here is quick response and efficiency Decisions will focus on activities in some areas to achieve efficiency and economies of scale 1.2.1.3 Inventory There are basic decisions to create and store inventories: Inventory cycle, Safe inventory, Seasonal inventory [40] Multi-stage storage system model and fixed time period 1.2.1.4 Carriage Transportation involves moving from raw materials, semi-finished products and finished products in the supply chain The balance between quick response and efficiency is reflected in the choice of transport mode 1.2.1.5 Information systems support in the supply chain Information is an important issue to make decisions on four supply chain actors It is the connection between all activities in a supply chain: Data collection and related information; store and access data; analysis and reporting 1.2.2 Content of completing tuna supply chain 1.2.2.1 Concept of perfecting tuna supply chain Completing the supply chain of ocean tuna products is the amendment and supplement of mechanisms, measures, activities and products in accordance with market requirements 1.2.2.2 Problems to be completed by the ocean tuna supply chain - Flexibility of the chain - Cost of the chain - Minimize the time to supply products to consumers - Human Resources - Information system - Logistics - Cold chain 1.2.3 Factors affecting to the supply chain of tuna product Relationship between channel members The coordination in the chain through the following activities is the factor that causes the supply chain's slow changes to the needs of the market: demand forecasting, order quantification, product pricing Market The market is both a goal and a requirement for each supply chain to adapt The market requires each member and product in the supply chain to change and the supply chain must always change in accordance with the conditions of the business environment Technology One of the problems of supply chains such as deviations in forecasting market demand, production capacity is not effectively exploited, stockpiles, costs and time to deliver products to hands customer Therefore, technology application in the supply chain is becoming increasingly popular Especially information technology, automation technology for operations in the chain Government policies The impact of import-export policies, monetary and fiscal policies, support policies for the industry - commodities will affect the supply chain in the following aspects: Exploiting, cultivating, processing, consumption of products, logistics services, product consumption markets, raw material prices 1.2.4 Criteria for assessing supply chain of tuna products - Performance of supply chain of tuna products - Flexibility of the chain - Quality of goods 1.3 International experience on tuna product supply chain 10 1.3.1 Experience of Indonesia In order to well meet the requirements of Japanese seafood import markets, Indonesia has implemented (i) Managing aquaculture and processing activities closely and uniformly from the Central to local Reduce risks to the supply chain, Indonesia performs four steps: risk identification, risk analysis, risk assessment and risk handling Complete the cold chain system in terms of function, there are three elements integrated in the cold chain system: product, origin, distribution Government agencies must strengthen fisheries management and improve working conditions for fishermen In addition, supporting businesses and fishermen to access new standards at the request of the market Organize the product supply chain: After being caught, products will be classified into different groups There is a group for processing, the group is transported by air to the Japanese market Importers in the Japanese market distribute this product through channels: Auction center, retail restaurant or supermarket system 1.3.2 Philippine experience - Pay close attention to exploitation, port system and processing activities - Implementing quality standards to meet export markets - Clearly identify potential risks, in order to provide risk mitigation measures - Pay attention to the logistics in the chain, as well as other activities of the chain 1.3.3 Lessons learned from the experiences of other countries for Vietnam and enterprises in the supply chain of aquatic products for export a About enterprise fees: Attention should be paid to the exploitation, processing and market development and branding activities b On the State side: Focusing on building linkages in the chain, managing the chain, well performing the inspection and control of fisheries, building a common brand for Vietnam's exported seafood products environment, applying standards in quality management for ocean tuna products in line with international trends 11 Chapter REAL SITUATION OF VIETNAMESE OCEAN FISH SUPPLY CHAIN FOR JAPANESE MARKET 2.1 Overview of the Japanese market for ocean tuna products 2.1.1 Scale and price fluctuation of Japanese tuna market Japan is world famous for its traditional consumption of fish and seafood products Seafood products from Japan such as sushi, sashimi, tempura have become popular in the global market due to healthy nutrition, low fat, low calorie content Table 2.1: Import value of Japanese tuna and fish products, period 2010 - 2017 Product Groups HS Code Total value Import value Import value Import value Import value Unit: 1000 USD Import Import value value Impo value 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 6,416,87 7,223,76 7,402,51 5,987,06 5,638,50 5,160,83 5,418 Source: www.trademap.org Although there is a decline, but the seafood market of Japan is a large potential market, large-scale, high demand for aquatic products in general and also a big market for products Tuna in particular 2.1.2 Japanese market characteristics As of December 31, 2017, the Japanese population is estimated at 127,333,662 people, decreasing -264.063 people compared to the population of 127,615,396 people last year The sex ratio in the total population is 0.955 (955 men per 1,000 women) higher than the global sex ratio Japan is a country associated with mountains and the sea, so the main food is marine products, especially marine fish On the other hand, due to cultural practices, it is very picky in eating Stemming from these factors, Japanese people consume times more fish than other countries 12 Japanese food safety regulations are also very strict, requiring high quality for food products circulating in the market Relevant laws such as: Food safety and hygiene law, product liability law, special trade transactions, food ingredients, shelf life, food preservation Import policy for agricultural goods: Japan still maintains many measures to restrict or prohibit the import of foreign goods into this country 2.2 Supply chain model of Vietnam tuna products meets the Japanese market 2.2.1 Model of Vietnam's tuna supply chain For the supply chain of unprocessed tuna products to meet the Japanese market, the source of raw materials (fresh tuna products) is directly exploited at Vietnamese fishing grounds Male On the basis of the order and requirements of importers, processing enterprises perform the procurement and import of goods from fishermen exploiting ocean tuna products In the supply chain model of whole tuna products, the relationship between processing and exporting enterprises with importers in this model, is established on the basis of partners Supply chain of processed products: Processing enterprises purchasing raw materials in the country can so directly to ocean tuna operators or through buying agents Implementation of the supply of qualified output products of the import market The linkage between the processor and the exporter and the agent of "wholesaler" is merely a buyer of raw materials and an input supplier However, the link between processors and importers is tight 2.2.2 Characteristics of Vietnam's tuna supply chain for the Japanese market - Members in the supply chain of tuna products are relatively independent - High supply chain costs - The supply of input materials for processing activities depends on many intermediaries purchasing "barley owners" 2.2.3 Operation of Vietnam's tuna supply chain for the Japanese market Tuna fishing: Fishing ground is Hoang Sa and Truong Sa fishing grounds, leading to long exploitation time, usually over 10 days Use ships with 13 capacity> 90CV Mining technology: hand sentences, golden sentences are essential Procurement: Tuna is purchased from fishermen after exploitation, through the owner of the middlemen (purchasing intermediaries) is provided to the processing enterprises Or processing enterprises perform direct procurement for fishermen On the basis of the requirements of the market, the export processing establishment will purchase suitable products Processing: To ensure output quality, input materials are strictly controlled Along with that is the use of processing technology to ensure the requirements of quality, food safety, packaging and other requirements related to traceability Transportation: Includes transportation activities from the fishing ground to the shore, from the port to the processing facility or to the airport to export to the Japanese market Transporting Vietnamese tuna products now takes a lot of time (10-15 days), leading to high transportation costs This is also a factor affecting the quality and benefits of the chain Storage: Includes preservation activities after exploitation and preservation during transportation, preservation before-during and after processing The preservation will help maintain the quality of tuna products when reaching consumers Currently, post-tuna preservation technology in Vietnam is still at a low level, leading to low quality of tuna products This affects the quality of whole product - preliminary processing, but also affects processed products Information: With the emergence of many new technologies, the application of technologies in the transmission of information is now being applied in the ocean tuna supply chain Thereby reducing unnecessary costs for the chain 2.2.3 Influence factor Relationship between channel members - Share information: The information shared, that is: information on tuna production provided; information about the price of each order; supplier information; information on order fulfillment time; Carrier information Forms used in sharing information between channel members, such as face-toface meetings, phone calls, the Internet and other forms 14 - Forward information among members of the chain: The sharing of information between processing enterprises and importers of the Japanese market plays the highest role Expressed through indicators (%) sharing information in the content: mining, processing, price, quality, delivery time, quantity of products that can be provided - Contradictory information among members of the chain: The level of sharing information on prices and quality of delivery time has a high level of sharing Processing enterprises and import enterprises of the Japanese market share the most information and the level of information sharing is higher than other members in the chain - Form of association: With forms, such as long-term contracts, mediumterm contracts, short-term contracts, verbal agreements or no contracts Technology On the basis of using multiple regression model, to assess the level of impact on product quality with dependent variables: Quality, independent variables: Preservation technology (mining industry), mining technology (technical expertise) and processing technology (CNCB) From analysis, the regression model has the following form: Product quality = 0.52 + 0.485 * CNKT + 0.233 * CNBQ + 0.297 * CNCB In independent variables, mining technology affects the product quality the most, then processing technology and preservation technology Market Customer: Change of Japanese population structure, high population aging rate, leading to demand and demand for tuna products in the market Competitors: In addition to Vietnam, countries such as EU, China, Korea, Thailand, Philippines and Indonesia are major suppliers of tuna products in Japan Therefore, Vietnamese tuna products face great competition from other suppliers (competition in price, quality, output) Technical barriers of the Japanese market: Standards for food hygiene and safety of the Japanese Ministry of Agriculture, standards for packaging products, environmental standards for tuna products ocean, requirements for traceability 15 Credit support and fishing ground forecast Credit support and fishing ground forecasting help to change the capacity of fishing vessels, change the scale of processing activities, reduce the financial costs related to mining activities This factor affects the amount of tuna exploited and processed products of the chain Policy: Great impact on the scale of offshore fishing vessels, impact on fishery logistics (port services, transport services, supply of mining equipment), impact on cold chain and the application of technology in the supply chain of tuna products 2.2.4 Assessment of Vietnam's tuna supply chain Evaluate supply chain performance through cost and profit targets Method 1: Post-ocean tuna will be sold to the middlemen Collectors will conduct consolidation and supply to processing enterprises With this method, the operator costs the lowest Meanwhile, the cost of export processing enterprises is high, the profit/cost ratio is also low compared to the exploiters and intermediaries Method 2: Processing enterprises work directly with the operators (cooperative teams at sea and fishermen) to directly purchase In mode 2, we can see a big change in the cost of processing enterprises and high profit / cost ratio It shows that the implementation of direct procurement for operators has greatly reduced the purchasing costs of enterprises, thereby increasing profitability valuation of product quality and goods - The quality of Vietnamese tuna products is only average - The form and packaging material of Vietnamese tuna products are not very eye-catching, - Unable to control the quality at source, the ability to access product origin is limited Evaluation of supply chain flexibility Indicators of flexibility of the tuna supply chain are still low If in the changing market conditions, the chain will face many difficulties in converting and providing suitable products for the target customers 16 2.3 Assessing the status of Vietnam's tuna supply chain for the Japanese market 2.3.1 Evaluate according to the criteria Evaluate supply chain performance through cost and profit targets: Method is the lowest cost of operators, the cost of high export processing enterprises Method shows that the cost of enterprises decreases, profit margin increases Evaluation of product quality and goods - The quality of Vietnamese tuna products is only average - The form and packaging material of Vietnamese tuna products are not very eye-catching - Unable to control the quality at source, the ability to access product origin is limited Evaluation of supply chain flexibility Indicators of flexibility of the tuna supply chain are still low If in the changing market conditions, the chain will face many difficulties in converting and providing suitable products to target customers 2.3.2 General assessment Achievements: Fisheries are identified as a key economic sector in the development of the country; As the economy develops, the domestic and world seafood markets continue to expand, aquatic products increasingly dominate the food market; advanced technologies and techniques, especially biotechnology, have developed rapidly and strongly, creating opportunities for application Difficulties: Unreasonable occupational structure; using potential resources ineffective and unsustainable; environment is changed in a bad way; exported aquatic products face strict requirements and trade barriers; shifting occupational structure due to economic development leading to shortage of labor resources for fisheries; legal system, post-harvest losses in seafood exploitation are very high; access to capital is still difficult Limitations: Vietnam and Japan have not reached an agreement on quarantine of agricultural and aquatic products, especially antibiotic residues 17 and impurities in the production and export of aquatic products; The price of goods is still high due to labor productivity, technological equipment, quality of input materials; Trade promotion activities are still slow and embarrassing Cause: Japan is one of the markets that are considered highly protected; psychological savings in consumption of Japanese people; fishery production in particular of Vietnam is still in a fragmented and backward state; greatly dependent on natural conditions and seasonal characteristics; The level of science and technology is low so in production, processing and harvesting have very high losses and losses, leading to higher production costs Chapter ORIENTATION AND COMPLETE SOLUTIONS OF VIETNAM'S TUNA SUPPLY CHAIN FOR THE JAPANESE MARKET 3.1 The domestic and international context affects Vietnam's supply chain for the Japanese market 3.1.1 SWOT analysis of ocean tuna supply chain in the current context On the basis of using the SWOT analysis model of ocean tuna products, thereby setting the direction for the supply chain of tuna products for the Japanese market to 2025, vision 2030 (O1 ) CPTPP Agreement facilitates Vietnamese tuna products, (T1) competitive pressure from rivals increases, (S1) fish stocks tend to increase, (W1) fragile small production needs to be improved good 3.1.2 Consumption trend of tuna products of Japan market, opportunities and challenges for Vietnam tuna supply chain Japanese fresh and frozen tuna market Japanese tuna import market is increasing, especially processed products In particular, Japan imports processed tuna products (canned tuna) 15% (the amount of imports for canned tuna market is 8%), tuna products make Sashimi dishes accounting for 62%, dried tuna products accounted for 23% (3% of imports for dried tuna products) Market canned tuna 18 From year 2010 to 2017 market for canned tuna products increased Shows the shift of the Japanese market for tuna products Consumer demand is still very much focused on processed tuna products, then fresh sashimi products and frozen sashimi Technology trends affect the supply chain of tuna products - Increase coordination and collaboration in the supply chain - Requires timely and accurate data as a basis for creating effective supply strategies - Cold chain is focused and strictly controlled - Artificial intelligence applications in managing and operating supply chains 3.2 Orientations and perspectives, for ocean tuna fishing vision to 2030 3.2.1 Orienting the supply chain of tuna products of Vietnam to the Japanese market The development of tuna product exploitation must be based on a sustainable basis, trade activities for tuna products need to meet the principles of the World Trade Organization, implement safeguard measures protect and manage, apply new technologies to the operation of the chain 3.2.2 Target General objectives: Complete the logistic service system to meet the needs of the chain Completing the infrastructure system for ocean tuna fishing, managing product quality control Target by stage: Period 2015-2020: developing and increasing the scale of tuna fleets and products must meet the requirements of traceability, developing fishery logistic services Period 2020-2030: Reduce costs in the chain, strongly develop cold chain, well perform the forecast of fishing ground and promote products 3.2.3 Points - Need to strengthen quality control to meet increasing requirements - Strengthen the use of long-term linkages among members of the chain 19 - Diversifying products, emphasizing the leading role of tuna processing and exporting enterprises - The state management agency should have appropriate policies to motivate the members of the chain 3.3 Solution to complete ocean tuna supply chain 3.3.1 Solutions for businesses Group of solutions for fishing production: Strengthening the operational management of offshore fishing fleet: strengthening the management and reorganization of production forms for the fleet of ships involved in offshore fishing is now very important The content mainly focuses on the following issues: - Manage the fishing ground and operation time of the ship - Control strictly the illegal fishing forms - Understand the changes in resources, the situation of fish catches to adjust reasonable production plans Increasing investment, improving quality of fleets and exploitation technology Training on developing human resources for marine exploitation: It is necessary to have policies from enterprises to attract fishermen to participate in training and developing human resources for marine exploitation activities, encouraging children of fishermen to participate training classes, gradually becoming skilled fishermen according to standards Technology of exploiting and preserving products: Increasing the number of ships with large capacity, applying new technologies to preserving tuna after exploitation, forming cold cargo fleets, to maintain the value of nutrition Nursing as well as tuna products after extraction Relationships and forms of production organization: Pay attention to logistics activities and support services: Services at fishing ports and fishing ports; ship repair facilities; fisheries forecasting; Enhance the fleet of service and logistics technology fish Group of solutions for export processing enterprises: 20 Solutions on raw material sources: In order to improve the creation of goods sources in the coming time, it is necessary to pay attention to the organization of training and professional development of cadres in charge of purchasing, limiting the purchase and sale through intermediate suppliers to minimize costs and master the source of goods Supplier solutions: Maintain and develop good relationships with domestic suppliers Organize guidelines for Japanese owners in the local regulations of purchasing, preserving and transporting materials Solution on production and export: It is necessary to focus on improving the quality of goods, increasing labor productivity through enhancing the procurement of high quality raw materials, controlling the content of histamine in raw materials, lifting production conditions: factories, equipment, implementing quality management program under HACCP Customer solutions: Need to promote marketing strategy to introduce products through fairs, professional sales websites to find more new customers, good retail distributors on the Japanese market Copy Consumer solutions: Need to diversify products in a more convenient way for consumers, towards products that are ready to cook, ready to eat Establishing a branch in Japan to directly introduce products, gradually moving to bring branded products of Vietnamese enterprises to penetrate the retail market in Japan Solution of service providers: Need to strengthen the search for new logistic service providers, creating initiative in export activities, limiting dependence on major shipping companies Complete and implement links in the chain: Establishing and cooperating activities must derive from the needs of the people and participate in cooperative groups must bring economic benefits to each household Promote vertical links in production development, encourage product consumption through contracts Branding, eco-labeling for products: Commitment, comply with product quality standards, environmental protection certified by independent 21 organizations such as MSC eco-labels or certification HACCP product manufacturing process, ISO 22000 Improving product quality: It is necessary to apply new technologies in exploitation, change production and exploitation methods; strengthen coordination of fishing vessels, logistics services, processing enterprises, state management agencies Participating in supporting the parties in the chain, market transparency: As a core and dominant of the supply chain, implementing transparency in price, cost of the chain, quality standards for tuna ocean, responsibilities of chain actors Recommended model for ocean tuna supply chain - Model for supply chain of tuna products - Cold chain model for Vietnam tuna products - Modeling the relationship between state management agencies and members in the chain 3.3.2 Proposals to the State In the context of deep integration, increasingly high level of competition, tight trade agreements will make the state management resources more difficult to be used flexibly, in accordance with the circumstances reality In terms of improving the quality of offshore fishing, the State needs to create strong investment policies and mechanisms to create the driving force for investment flows from enterprises and fishermen The State should also encourage the expansion of cross-linking forms among enterprises such as the establishment of associations and professional associations, so that from the commitments to build the image and brand of enterprises towards the formation of trade National brand The state needs to create an open credit mechanism, coupled with increasing popular propaganda to people about safe products The state should support vocational training for fishermen in parallel with granting credit so that they can expand investment in machinery and equipment, expand production activities 22 Science, technology and fishery activities: Strengthening research and application of technology in exploitation, storage, processing, transport, management and information systems for tuna supply chain positive International Cooperation: International cooperation with Governments and with countries and regional and international fisheries management organizations, with non-governmental organizations on environmental protection, protection of endangered species level of interest and positive implementation Actively participate in preventing, preventing and abolishing illegal, unreported and non-regulated fishing activities Building the image of Vietnam as a responsible fishery country: It is evident that Vietnam is a responsible country in managing fishing activities in the direction of efficiency and sustainability associated with it Social security gradually improves the material and spiritual life of the fishing community Continue to update, change, supplement and improve the system of legal documents to serve as a basis to improve the management efficiency of the industry Enhancing the ability to access capital sources for the members of the chain: Raising the maximum loan without collateral of some customers who are individuals and households The model and mobilization of professional social organizations should be used: communal authorities, farmers' associations, Women's Union, Fatherland Front to act as loan agents of the Bank, especially those where there are no branches of active banks International cooperation and development of ocean-fishing fisheries need to be strengthened: Coordinate with international organizations WCPFC, FAO, APFIC, SEAPDEC to improve the capacity of the management system, to ensure that Vietnamese seafood (tuna) products can penetrate into the markets of countries and countries Vietnamese fishing vessels can also participate in fishing in waters under the management of this organization 3.3.3 Recommendations for the Association International cooperation and promotion of fisheries activities: Implementing well the program "Seafood enterprises committed to exploiting 23 IUU", applying information technology "CATCH" in checking the origin of aquatic products product Business support, comments and recommendations on legal policies: The Association strengthens its role of commenting or participating in reviewing many drafts of Laws, regulations, Circulars, helping businesses work better Enhance the Association's existing relations with relevant State, community, industry associations and research institutions, and the relationship between businesses and actors in the supply chain Suggestions, criticisms and proposals of the Association should be directed towards expressing the attitude, responsibility to the community and society, ensuring the sustainable development of the industry and contributing to the improvement of a better business environment CONCLUSION In fact in Vietnam, the use of supply chain theory has been mentioned a lot recently However, the benefits of supply chains to businesses are not really clear Most Vietnamese enterprises have not really participated in the process of formation and development of product supply chains This limitation is related to many factors, both from an economic perspective and from an enterprise perspective In the research process of the thesis “Solutions to complete the supply chain of tuna products for the Japanese marke’’, the researcher has approached from the theory of developing the supply chain of products to manure analyzing, assessing the status of development of supply chain of tuna products and factors affecting the development of tuna supply chain of Vietnam Since then, in order to complete the supply chain of tuna products for the Japanese market, the thesis has drawn some following conclusions: (1) Supply chain of Vietnamese products for the Japanese market has a tight link It is recommended to use long-term contracts, better information sharing among members in the chain, and market transparency is also a good way to increase the cohesion among members (2) Must change for exploitation through the application of new technology in this activity Along with that is the labor training activities, transferring new 24 methods of tuna exploitation to increase productivity and ensure product quality (3) Cold chain formation, helping to preserve products from exploitation to post-processing Product parameters, raw materials for preservation activities are controlled, thereby ensuring and maintaining high quality products (4) Strengthen and improve the quality of fishery logistics, especially at sea logistics, at fishing ports and other support services (5) Reducing the rate of post-harvest losses, improving the quality of pine products using new technologies in the chain: mining technology, preservation technology, processing technology and information technology Since then, Vietnamese tuna products have met the requirements of traceability (6) Enhancing the responsibility of the role of ocean tuna processing and exporting enterprises in the chain Due to the grasp of market information, there is a close connection with importers which are prerequisites for these enterprises to play the leading role of the chain (7) The development of the supply chain will increase the competitiveness of Vietnam's tuna products to penetrate and expand the mayor in countries with strict standards for general food products and ocean tuna products in particular (8) For state management agencies, there should be better support policies for the supply chain of tuna products In particular, attention should be paid to the development of a large-capacity fleet, improvement of the seaport system and good credit policies for fishermen and businesses, supporting activities to promote market expansion and construction branding for Vietnamese tuna products (9) For the Association, it is necessary to strengthen the association between the Association and its members, between the Association and state management agencies Since then, supporting the members in the chain in training resources, applying technology in the chain, promotion activities, proposing proposals to state management agencies  ... things that can satisfy the demand or desire to be offered in the market for the purpose of attracting the attention of shopping, use or consumption." Product supply chain is the product flow from... towards expressing the attitude, responsibility to the community and society, ensuring the sustainable development of the industry and contributing to the improvement of a better business environment... particular (8) For state management agencies, there should be better support policies for the supply chain of tuna products In particular, attention should be paid to the development of a large-capacity