Nghiên cứu chuỗi cung ứng sản phẩm cá hồng mỹ tại việt nam tt tiếng anh

VIETNAM ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES GRADUATE ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES NGUYEN THI NGA A STUDY OF RED SNAPPER (SCIAENOPS OCELLATUS) SUPPLY CHAIN IN VIETNAM Major: Business Administration Code: 9340101 DOCTORAL DISSERTATION SUMMARY OF BUSSINESS ADMINISTRATION HANOI, 2020 The dissertation has been completed at GRADUATE ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES Supervisors: Assoc Prof.Dr Ho Huy Tuu Assoc Prof.Dr Tran Dinh Thao Reviewer 1: Assoc Prof.Dr Nguyen Thi Minh Hien Reviewer 2: Assoc Prof.Dr Nguyen Duc Nhuan Reviewer 3: Dr Vu Dinh Khoa This doctoral dissertation will be defended before the Council of Examiners, at Graduate Academy Of Social Sciences At… on… 2020 This doctoral dissertation can be found at: National Library of Vietnam Library of Graduate Academy of Social Sciences INTRODUCTION The reason for topic selection Red Snapper is considered as a highly commercial value fishery product with white meat, more delicious than other fishery products and high economic value For the domestic consumption market, the selling price of commercial Red Snapper on the current market is 100,000 - 120,000 VND/kg Meanwhile, the commercial value of basa fish on the market is about 42,000 VND/kg Besides the economic value and high income from the domestic market, the overseas consumption of this product also bring a steady and high increase in export, with a rise from 4.6 billion VND in 2013 to over 24 billion VND in 2018 However, the current Red Snapper farming industry in Vietnam is at small, fragmented production model, sometimes Red Snapper farmers still produce mass production, self-production, selffinancing, lack of capital, , along with the limitations and difficulties in the policy of managing, planning and managing the water surface area of cages; The development of overheating and disproportion between input materials, production and processing capacity, market demand, and the risk of disease outbreaks, the consequences of the farming environment have disrupted the economic structure of the aquaculture region, the strict requirements from the importing country include: ensuring food hygiene and safety requirements, origin of goods, and also the high demands of consumers posing challenges for exported fisheries in general and Red Snapper in particular in the world with technical barriers posed on quality and geographical indications, , the increase and decrease of product prices, the inadequacy of benefits among actors, the poor linkage among stages from production to consumption of fisheries products in the whole chain Therefore, it is essential to analyze and evaluate activities related to all stages in the chain To meet this requirement, link/cooperation among all actors participating in the Red Snapper supply chain in Vietnam through supply chain research is the optimal way to achieve this goal Common is to maximize the value and added value for the actors participating in the supply chain In Vietnam, supply chain research and projects in the past 10 years are also quite popular, but mainly focus on products such as coffee, tea, milk, and garment and aquatic products such as shrimp, squid, pangasius, basa and tuna exploited from the sea Most of these studies are related to products that are traditional or have established a position in the domestic market Supply chain studies for a new product or product that has received less attention So challenging for the field of research and application, Red Snapper is such a product Taken together, the research topic "A study of Red Snapper (Sciaenops Ocellatus) supply chain in Vietnam" was formed This research aims at studying the supply chain structure of Red Snapper in Vietnam as well as identifying the individual factors affecting the intention to link fish farmers with other actors of the Red Snapper supply chain in Vietnam The research results are expected to create a complete and comprehensive view for the supply chain of fisheries products, especially the Red Snapper supply chain in Vietnam as well as create new implications for application administration The new one relates to the new product consumption context Objective and research tasks of the dissertation 2.1 Research Objectives Objective 1: The research systemizes and clarifies theoretical and practical issues about the fishery supply chain Objective 2: The research identifies research issues related to analysis and evaluation of Red Snapper supply chain structure in Vietnam Objective 3: The research analyzes the factors influencing the intention of association between farmers and actors to form a product supply chain Objective 4: The research propose solutions to complete the supply chain of Red Snapper to sustainably develop and achieve business efficiency in the Red Snapper farming industry in Vietnam Research question Question 1: What is the current situation of the Red Snapper supply chain structure in Vietnam? What are the main factors and how they influence the intention to link Red Snapper farms with other actors to form a supply chain in Vietnam? Question 2: What are the practical solutions to improve the Red Snapper supply chain in Vietnam to archive efficient and sustainable development? 2.2 Research tasks - Systematize scientific arguments about fisheries supply chain and arguments about the connection among actors in the fishery supply chain - Research on the Red Snapper supply chain in Vietnam includes: 1) Analysis and evaluation of the supply chain structure of the commercial Red Snapper in Vietnam; 2) Clearly identify the factors affecting the intention to link between Red Snapper farmers with factors in the Red Snapper supply chain in Vietnam - Proposing a group of effective and practical solutions to complete the Red Snapper supply chain in order to improve economic efficiency and develop sustainably the supply chain of Red Snapper in Vietnam Research subject and scope 3.1 Research subject Research on the Red Snapper supply chain in Vietnam includes: analysis and evaluation of the Red Snapper chain structure in Vietnam as well as analysis of the factors affecting the intention to link farmers with actors in Red Snapper supply chain in Vietnam 3.2 Research scope The scope of research space: The study focused on surveying the areas of farmers, traders, fisheries processing and exporting company, wholesalers, retailers in 05 provinces, including: Kien Giang; Ba Ria-Vung Tau; Khanh Hoa; Phu Yen and Nghe An, representing the Red Snapper farming industry in Vietnam Scope of research time: Primary and secondary data are surveyed and gathered in the most recent decade, with focus on 2015, 2016, 2017 and 2018 Scope of research content: In addition to inheriting theories and views of previous scholars on the supply chain and supply chain linkages, this study also focuses on inheriting and developing global value chain theory, value chain promotion methodology, theory of planned behavior-TPB The thesis focuses on internal affairs: A study of Red Snapper supply chain in Vietnam including: (1) Analysis and evaluation of the supply chain structure snapper in Vietnam; (2) Analysis of factors affecting the intention to link of Red Snapper farming households with actors participating in the Red Snapper supply chain in Vietnam Thereby, this research thesis is expected to provide a comprehensive picture of the Red Snapper supply chain in Vietnam, as well as the desire to contribute through effective solutions, practical to improve the supply chain of Red Snapper in Vietnam to improve economic efficiency and sustainable development The contributions of the dissertation In the field of supply chain, Theory of planned behavior (TPB) is rarely adopted to explain the chain link motivation/intention Thus, the adoption of TPB to explain chain link is one of a novel contribution of this study More specifically, the predictive power of the TPB theory has been proved in the context of Red Snapper (Sciaenops Ocellatus) supply chain, a new farmed product of Vietnam The result shows that the research model explained 27% variance of the chain link motivation/intention Meanwhile, previous studies in this context only demonstrate a weak impact, ranged from 0.10 to 0.25, or non-significant impact on this variable This is because most of previous studies that aims to explain the chain link motivation/intention has mainly adopted theory of transaction cost, social exchange theory, resourcebased view As such, the adoption of TPB as in this study has implications in both theoretical and practical perspectives The next contribution of this study is the adoption of partial least square structural equation modelling to test the reliability and validity of studied construct with SmartPLS software The use of this method is particularly effective since this study aim at maximizing the predictive power the the research model and not aim at testing the theoretical model Also, this method is effective with small sample size and with complex models that contain many variables and different types of causal relationships Meanwhile, regression method with SPSS or CB-SEM with AMOS, which have been used the previous studies, require a large representative sample size to estimate large or complicated models Finally, Red Snapper is a new farmed product of Vietnam Thus, this is the first study in a Vietnam context that investigates the chain link motivation of this product Theoretical and practical implications of the dissertation 5.1 Theoretical implications of the dissertation The research dissertation will contribute to clarify more about the theory, model and viewpoints of previous scholars on the supply chain, researching the supply chain of fisheries products in a scientific and systematic way On that basis, apply supply chain research to fisheries products in practice to promote the sustainable development of the fisheries sector in our country today as well as in the coming years In addition, the implementation of the research content identifies the factors affecting the intention to link the chain, especially the supply chain of Red Snapper in Vietnam based on the views and models of researchers Previously, the intention to link the Red Snapper chain among actors through the application of TPB theory is completely appropriate and meaningful to apply to the interpretations in scientific research, confirming that verified through research results in the author's dissertation research content The dissertation is an important scientific theoretical basis to help the author of the dissertation have a scientific basis to serve the author's dissertation research task It is also a reference for those who are interested in supply chain in general and research on the supply chain of fisheries product in Vietnam, especially research on the Red Snapper supply chain in Vietnam 5.2 Practical implications of the dissertation On the basis of analysis and assessment of the current situation of the Red Snapper supply chain structure in Vietnam, especially in five provinces: Kien Giang, Ba Ria -Vung Tau, Khanh Hoa, Phu Yen and Nghe An And the analysis and evaluation of the value creation process, the author has analyzed and made comments on the costs and benefits of each actor in the supply chain From there, the study pointed out the limitations and causes of the limitations in value distribution, benefits and the linkages among actors in this product chain On that basis, the thesis has focused on providing practical and feasible solutions to well operate the Red Snapper supply chain in Vietnam Helping to identify the importance of improving economic efficiency for each actor, especially improving productivity and production of commercial Red Snapper of the farming factor, strengthening relationships and exchange the relevant information among actors The study also affirms the role and responsibility of the state management agency related to the Red Snapper farming industry in planning farming areas, enhancing financial support, building brands and expanding consumption markets, to mobilize and strengthen its linkage with all chain links Then, helping local authorities in each province across the country make the development of Red Snapper farming feasible and effective The dissertation is expected to create governance implications and application orientations based on solid scientific theoretical foundations, helping administrators to have a scientific foundation to make appropriate chain link strategies and especially for seafood products in general and Red Snapper in particular At the same time, the dissertation is also a reference for those interested in supply chain research as well as identifying factors affecting the linkage behavior between farmers and factors participating in the Red Snapper supply chain in Vietnam The structure of the dissertation Research dissertation consists of chapters: Overview of the dissertation study; Theoretical and practical basis of fisheries supply chain; dissertation research methodology; The current situation of Red Snapper supply chain in Vietnam; and Solutions to complete Red Snapper supply chain in Vietnam Chapter OVERVIEW OF THE DISSERTATION STUDY 1.1 Overview of research related to the topic 1.1.1 Research on supply chain and fisheries supply chain 1.1.1.1 Overseas research Studies on product supply chains in general, in particular, jewelry, automotive industry, shipbuilding, aircraft, electronics, clothing, children's toys, and household appliances, such as Gereffi (1994, 1999), Gereffi and Kozeniewics (1994), Vonderembse et al (2006), Beamon (1998) and Meixell and Gargeya (2005) Authors who analyze the supply chain structure of many stages and the supply chain operations must perform a quantification of different actors under various criteria such as product characteristics and stages segment of the product's life cycle However, some results of these studies have not shown the process of creating value and added value of each chain actors nor analyzing the relationship between actors in these supply chains For studies on the fishery supply chain: FAO (2011) analyzed the actors in the chain in terms of production characteristics, but did not mention the benefit distribution between chain actors due to the FAO study implementation due to incomplete data storage Dubay et al (2010) identified the process of distributing income and costs among actors in the chain but did not point out the importance of linkages/cooperation among chain actors For a number of African countries (Tanzania, Morocco, Namibia, ), the results of this study performed analysis, the evaluation of interaction relationships among the factors in the chain according to the chain operation and as well as pointing out the challenges from the external environment as trade barriers to the process of building sustainable competitive position in the international market 2.1.1.2 National research Phan Le Diem Hang and Nguyen Ngoc Duy (2013); Nguyen Ngoc Duy et al (2012, 2013, 2014); and Pham Thi Thanh Thuy et al (2011) studies conducted chain analysis that used a structural model of market performance (SCP) to determine the distribution of benefits among factors in the chain Research by Nguyen Thi Tran Anh and Huynh Thi Thuy Vi (2010), Le Kim Long and Pham Thi Thanh Binh (2016) shows that there is a lack of close cooperation among factors in the chain, development of overheating and imbalance between raw material supply, processing capacity and market demand, and the risk of disease outbreaks and environmental consequences (Thai Van Dai et al, 2008; Nguyen Van Thuan and Vo Thanh Danh, 2014) Le Van Thu (2015), the author analyzed and evaluated the current situation of this product supply chain in close connection with sustainable economic efficiency, the research used the production function research method to evaluate and throughout the thesis research, the author uses the approach of Porter's traditional supply chain theory and value-added perspective 1.1.2 Research on supply chain linkage 1.1.2.1 Overseas research Xiang et al (2010), McAllister (1995), similarities of the studies all carried out an approach study in terms of intention/motivation and behavior of the members of chain linkage by use cognitive belief theory to resolve relationships between individuals Bhuyan (2007) applied the original TPB model to determine the factors that directly affect to the variables in the original TPB model 1.1.2.2 National research Nguyen Thanh Hung (2014), Do Thi Dong (2011), Huynh Thi Thu Suong (2013), and Tran Thi Huyen Trang (2017), these studies all carried out quantitative research with established research models Due to different research objectives, these studies use different approaches such as: the possibility of integrating ports with logistics services, cooperation theory, including: transaction cost theory, social capital theory, resource-based theory, resource-dependent theory, supply chain theory, 1.2 General evaluation of research and the gap for the dissertation For the topic of research on the fishery supply chain in Vietnam and other countries, the research is mainly focused on a number of aquaculture products such as pangasius, anchovies, anchovies, shrimp, squid; and some marine products such as tuna Most of these researchs have not gone into detail to establish the link between the actors throughout to build a supply chain for a specific product Next, in the theoretical aspect, most of the researches mentioned when studying the supply chain field are based on a traditional chain analysis point of view with Michael Porter's value-added point of view Therefore, up to the time of the study, there has not been a research study on the fishery supply chain from the point of view of the integration of global value chain theory, Gereffi (1994, 1999), Gereffi and Kozeniewics (1994), Kaplinsky and Morris (2001) and the methodology of value chain promotion GTZ (2007) to study to build a systematic Red Snapper supply chain throughout the chain For the current studies on chain link, the argument to explain linkage motives and behavior is based on theories such as transaction cost theory, social exchange theory or sourcebased theory Tran Thi Thanh Huyen (2017), Wang et al (2013), Zao et al (2007) However, only a few recent studies have attempted to apply attitudinal theories such as the theory of planned behavior Adman et al (2017), Bhuyan (2007), Shih and Fang (2004), Toni et al (2007) to explain motives and linked behavior However, the findings are quite limited as most of these studies approach problem solving based on the TRA or original TPB model Following the trend, this study seeks to contribute through expanding the TPB theory to integrate more variables: (Trust, Link culture, Government policy, Link knowledge, Link uncertainty) via Attitudes toward the link, Social norms and Behavioral control to create a 11 of the fishery supply chain in accordance with specific research objectives After that, analyzing and evaluating the supply chain structure of Red Snapper in Vietnam including a set of systems: human system, organization, information, finance, technology, , together with activities to transform input materials (breeding, food, land, ) into complete products/services to the last consumer through the process of processing and distributing, respectively This transformation process is an activity to create value, added value of each actor with the aim of maximizing the profit for the Red Snapper farming industry in Vietnam or the whole chain 2.5.2 The need to analyze fisheries supply chain structure Ensuring sustainable development, achieving economic efficiency; Identify actors involved in production, distribution and marketing The formation of a supply chain structure diagram allows a complete and comprehensive assessment of the performance characteristics of the actors, identifies the added value created by each subject, and identifies the changing trend of each stage, the linkage link as well as the linkage mechanism between the actors joining the chain, at the end point out the strengths and weaknesses between the actors in the chain, thereby promoting strengths and overcoming points Weakness helps supply chains to operate efficiently and sustainably 2.5.3 The analytical nature of the fishery supply chain structure The nature of research on the fishery supply chain in general and the Red Snapper supply chain in particular is the process of implementing the supply chain selection that needs analysis; identify the actor, position and role of the actor; flow of products/services, finance; information flow; linkages/cooperation between chain actors 2.5.4 Content analysis of Red Snapper supply chain in Vietnam 2.5.4.1 Methodology of fisheries supply chain analysis The study uses an integrated global value chain approach led by Gereffi (1994, 1999), Gereffi and Kozeniewics (1994), Kaplinsky and Morris (2001) and the methodology of value chain promotion GTZ (2007) 2.5.4.2 The process of performing Red Snapper supply chain analysis in Vietnam 12 Step 1: Select the supply chain to be analyzed; Step 2: Identify actors in the supply chain; Step 3: Supply chain structure; Step 4: Identify linkages and transactions among chain actors; Step 5: Proposing governance implications to improve the Red Snapper product chain for effective and sustainable development 2.6 Factors influencing intentions of link among actors participating in the supply chain 2.6.1 Link concept Economic linkages or supply chain links reflect the linkages/cooperation between two or more partners that create relationships with each other, work together, share the flow of information, resources, finance, risks, benefits to achieve common goals On that basis, building a better business model 2.6.2 Factors that influence the intent of the association among the chain actors 2.6.2.1 Theory of planned behavior-TPB Theory of planned behavior: The popular theory in analyzing human behavior (Xiang and Sumelius, 2010) Because, each individual's motives/intentions are the most powerful motivating factor for their own behavior And this motivation is done by three basic factors: attitude, subjective norms, and behavioral control (Ajzen, 1991) The formation of a behavioral intent through a combination of attitude, social norms and behavior control As a general rule, the more favorable attitude, social norms and behavioral control are present, the stronger the subject's intention to perform the action Or intention is the best predictor of the behavioral intention, even in association and especially when the behavior is rare, difficult to observe, or related to a period of difficult predictability (Bhuyan, 2007) So, the intent of the chain link is seen as a direct result from attitude, social norms and behavioral control, or the best predicate factor of the chain link 2.6.2.2 Research theories H1: Attitude towards the link has a positive effect on cooperative intention of farmers with actors participating in Red Snapper supply chain 13 H2: Social norms have a positive effect on farmers's cooperative intention with actors participating in Red Snapper supply chain H3: Behavioral control has a positive effect on farmers's cooperative intention with actors involved in Red Snapper supply chain H4: Trust has a positive effect on attitudes toward the link between farmers and actors involved in Red Snapper supply chain H5: Link culture has a positive impact on social norms H6:Government policy has a positive effect on social norms H7: Link knowledge has a positive effect on behavioral control H8: Link uncertain has a positive effect on the behavioral control H4 (+) Trust H1 Attitude Link culture Government policy phủ (+) H5 (+) H6 (+) Social norms H2 (+) Intention H7 H3 (+) (+) Link knowledge Behavioral H8 (+) control Link uncertainty Figure 2.15 Proposed research model 2.7 Experience of some countries in the world in operating fisheries supply chain and lessons learned for Vietnam 2.7.1 Experience in fisheries supply chain operations Tuna fishing in Vietnam, Norwegian salmon farming; Aquaculture of Thailand; and Aquaculture of Ecuador 2.7.2 Lessons learned for Vietnam 14 Some lessons for Vietnamese aquaculture activities are as follows: Form a chain of links, strengthen links between actors; Ensure harmonious benefits and increase added value for the entire supply chain; Promote the development of new types of aquaculture products with good quality and high economic value in aquaculture; Financial support for supply chain actors Summary of chapter The content of chapter introduces the theory of the supply chain, analysis of the fishery supply chain, the linkage relationship and the factors affecting the intention of association based on TPB theory Finally, study the lessons learned from Vietnam and some countries in the world on supply chain operations in: Vietnam, Norway, Thailand and Ecuador On the basis of the author, the thesis draws lessons from experiences for the aquaculture industry in Vietnam Chapter DISSERTATION RESEARCH METHOD 3.1 Approach method and analytical framework 3.1.1 Research approach To achieve the dissertation content research objectives, the system approach is used by the author in this study 3.1.2 Analytical framework The analytical framework of the Red Snapper supply chain in Vietnam is proposed based on the theory, practice as well as the research approach of the thesis 3.2 Research design 3.2.1 Research methodology 3.2.1.1 Qualitative research methods Theoretical research methods, Expert methods 3.2.1.2 Quantitative research methods Research using quantitative methods for analyzing the supply chain structure and assessing the impact of factors on the intention to link fish farmers with actors in the this product supply chain 3.3 Measuring concept Includes measuring the following concepts: Cooperative intention; Attitude; Social norms; Behavioral control; Trust; Link culture; Government policy; 15 Link knowledge; Link uncertainty; Demographic variables of farming households All the scale items in this study use the 5-point Likert scale 3.4 Development of the questionnaire The questionnaire is designed according to the scale, which is described above 3.5 Sample investigation The sample size defined for the study was 170 (Number of emitted samples was 200) 3.6 Quantitative analysis methods Method of economic statistics; SWOT analysis method; Chain analysis method; Cost, revenue and profit accounting method; Analysis of reliability by Cronbach's alpha coefficient; Structural equation modeling method is based on the partial least squares analysis technique (PLS) Summary of Chapter This chapter describes the research method in detail Basically, the research method of the thesis is implemented in two main steps including: qualitative research and quantitative research Finally, appropriate calculation methods and data processing are used to serve the calculation and analysis process Chapter THE CURRENT SITUATION OF THE RED SNAPPER SUPPLY CHAIN IN VIETNAM 4.1 Market for Red Snapper 4.1.1 Origin and characteristics of Red Snapper Red Snapper: called Red Croaker (Sciaenops Ocellatus) Red Snapper originated from Mexico and the southwestern United States, was introduced to Vietnam in 1999 With wide salt life, wide heat and wide distribution range, fish can live in fresh, brackish, salty water but the most suitable is brackish and salt water, large individual size, fast growth rate, easy farming, few diseases, high adaptability and economic value 4.1.2 Export turn over of Red Snapper Since 2015, thanks to the strong development of the Red Snapper farming industry along with the diversification of the portfolio of exported Red Snapper products processed from raw Red Snapper, the export turn over has 16 increased more than times from 4,6 billion VND in 2013 to over 24 billion VND in 2017 4.1.3 Market for Red Snapper Red Snapper products are produced and distributed to the market through 02 main channels (Channel 1: Export and Channel 2: Domestic consumption) as follows: Channel includes branches: 1a) From famersfisheries exporting and processing company (FEPC) - importer; and 1b) From farmers – traders – FEPC - importers Channel includes branches: 2a) From farmers - traders - wholesalers - retailers (markets); and 2b): From farmers - retailers (restaurants, markets) and consumers 4.2 The current situation of the Red Snapper supply chain in Vietnam 4.2.1 Current situation of Red Snapper chain in Vietnam is operated through stages Supply chain of Red Snapper in Vietnam, including actors: breeders and producers; hatcheries keeping fish fingerlings; food suppliers and producers; farmers; purchasers; processor; wholesalers, retailers and last customers 4.2.2 Characteristics of actors participating in the Red Snapper supply chain in Vietnam 4.2.2.1 Farmers This is the main factor that creates commercial Red Snapper product to meet the needs of export markets and domestic consumption Therefore, the process of raising Red Snapper has an impact on the value creation process of farmers and other actors participating in this chain 4.2.2.2 Exporting and processing company Processing activities are shown through a processing company: The company is an important actor in the supply chain of Red Snapper in Vietnam The company purchases raw Red Snapper from traders and farmers, has a decisive role in controlling prices directly to traders and farmers 4.2.2.3 Traders Traders are the main actors who are participating in both domestic and foreign distribution channels 4.2.2.4 Wholesales They have relationship with the traders and retailers in this supply chain 17 4.2.2.5 Retailers They take the Red Snapper products to consumers 4.2.2.6 Purchase, sale and payment between actors in the market For foreign consumption channel, this method is all based on signing economic contracts For the domestic market channel, most of the trading relationships between the free-form partners not use contracts in transactions 4.2.2.7 Consumption market/Distribution and consumption of end products Red Snapper has a quite diverse and plentiful consumption market, in addition to this product being consumed domestically such as restaurants, markets, , the Red Snapper products are also exported to the US market with a diverse structure of processed products from Red Snapper 4.2.3 The structure of the Red Snapper supply chain in Vietnam This is a complex supply chain, and Red Snapper products are produced and distributed to the market through two main channels: the export channel and the domestic consumption channel 4.2.4 Value creation and financial flows in the Red Snapper supply chain Cost - profit analysis of each actor in this Red Snapper supply chain: (1) Cost-benefit analysis of commercial Red Snapper farming households; (2) Cost and profit analysis of FEPC; (3) Analysis of profit - cost of traders; (4) Cost-profit analysis of wholesalers; (5) Cost - profit of retailers (markets); (6) Cost - profit of retailers (restaurants) Benefits and financial flows between actors in this Red Snapper supply chain: (1) Supply chain of Red Snapper to the US market; (2) Supply chain of Red Snapper to Vietnam market In summary, with the analysis of the physical product flow performance of the factors participating in the Red Snapper supply chain for export and domestic consumption As follows: For consumption channel through the import market: Red Snapper contributes the second largest value-added stream, but the benefits for them are quite low and bear the most risks in production With the FEPC, they contribute the added value and the ratio of profit margin to total cost the largest compared to factors participating in channel and channel 2a Therefore, they have the greatest pricing power of all actors participating in 18 the Red Snapper export channel and are also the most profitable actor in the Red Snapper chain However, when participating in the US export market, they also face many risks such as technical trade barriers in foreign markets including food hygiene and safety standards, product origin issues and risks in buying and selling foreign trade as well as competition from other exported seafood products For domestic consumption channel, in general, traders have the discretion to set prices because the size of the domestic market is too small compared to the volume purchased by them, traders who sell to domestic actors account for about 24,80% of total purchased volume The traders also get the biggest benefit in this channel and are virtually risk-free Although wholesalers and retailers in the market, although their margins on production cost increase, they are under pressure from many sides, including supplier bargaining and demand, as well as purchasing power of domestic consumers And the sales volume is small, so the total benefits gained by wholesalers and retailers in the market is low and the risks are quite high The Information flow of Red Snapper supply chain in Vietnam The link among actors in the Red Snapper supply chain in Vietnam 4.3 Analyzing the factors affecting on cooperative intention between actors in Red Snapper supply chain in Vietnam 4.3.1 Importance factors Affecting on cooperative intention Analysis of the factors affecting on cooperative intention between famers with actors participating in the Red Snapper chain is of very important significance in the practice of Red Snapper farming in Vietnam The purpose is to identify the influencing factors as well as propose feasible solutions to the linkages among the participating actors for sustainable development and economic efficiency of the Red Snapper farming industry in Vietnam 4.3.2 Research results Sample characteristics: Gives information on frequency and percentage; sex, age, number of cooperative years; number of actors and education level Test the scales: The test result of the scale in the research model shows that the scales are both reliable, reliable value Specifically, Cronbach's Alpha is 19 greater than 0.7 and the composite reliability of the scales is greater than 0.7 At the same time, the factor loading coefficient of the scales is greater than 0.7 and the average variance extracted is greater than 0.5 Test the hypotheses: All proposed hypotheses are supported by data Assess factors affecting on cooperative intention between farmer and actors participating in the Red Snapper supply chain in Vietnam The results of the analysis show that attitudes towards the link, social norms and behavioral control are proved to be key variables of the link intention, these variables have related relationships and interact with each other [104], specifically; An attitude towards the link has a positive and strong impact on cooperative intention with the impact coefficient (ß = 0.41) Turning the trust found positive and strong impact on the link attitude with the impact coefficient (ß = 0.49) Next, knowledge impacts behavioral control with the impact coefficient (ß = 0.19) ß = 0.23 is the impact coefficient of the uncertainty variable, which has a positive impact on behavioral control The cultural variable with respect to the link is correlated with the impact coefficient (ß = 0.21) Finally, government policy variable that has a positive impact on the social norms through the impact coefficient (ß = 0.28) Summary of chapter Study on the situation of building the Red Snapper supply chain in Vietnam, especially in 05 provinces: Kien Giang, Ba Ria-Vung Tau, Khanh Hoa, Phu Yen, Nghe An The study shows that Red Snapper products to the last customers go through many intermediaries, including: famers, FEPC, traders, wholesalers and retailers, and US importers Quantitative research explaining the motivations for linkage in the Red Snapper supply chain using TPB theory is scarce The validity of this theory is confirmed in the context of the Red Snapper product supply chain, a new farmed species in Vietnam, which is important for making meaningful contributions both academic and policy implications Chapter SOLUTIONS TO COMPLETE RED SNAPPER SUPPLY CHAIN IN VIETNAM 5.1 Important bases give the solution groups 20 Firstly: Based on the trend of developing domestic and international seafood chains; Second: Based on the policy of fisheries development; Thirdly: Based on demand and consumption market of fisheries; Fourthly: Based on the current situation of the Red Snapper supply chain in Vietnam in the recent period 5.2 Orientation to complete the supply chain of Red Snapper in Vietnam 5.3 Solution group to complete the Red Snapper supply chain in Vietnam 5.3.1 Solution for each actor The cause of the solution implementation; Objective proposed solution; The implementation measures include: (1) The first actor: Farmers; (2) The second actor: FEPC; (3) The third actor: Traders; (4) The fourth actor: Wholesalers; (5) The fifth actor: Retailers 5.3.2 Solutions to promote the intention to link the Red Snapper supply chain The cause of the solution implementation; Objective proposed solution; Implementation measures include: Propose implementation measures corresponding to identified factors (trust, link culture, Government policy, link knowledge, link uncertainty) via Attitude, Social norm and Behavioral control that influent the intention to link farmers with factors in the Red Snapper chain 5.3.3 Promote the role of vertical, horizontal and combined linkage to solve the benefits for actors in the Red Snapper supply chain The cause of the solution implementation; Objective proposed solution; Implementation measures include: For farmers to actively participate in association with farming households Other according to the spirit of voluntary association in all aspects of Red Snapper farming to increase productivity of this farmed product Traders need to make and maintain a good link between the actors in this product supply chain, especially with farmers, traders, FEPC, wholesalers For FEPC, proactively join the association of companies in order to create a horizontal link network, for the vertical link mechanism, the company is committed to product consumption, reasonable and stable prices for Red Snapper materials from the trades For wholesalers and retailers to improve the benefits obtained 21 from the Red Snapper, requires wholesalers and retailers to actively participate in vertical linkages with horizontal links closely and effectively with actors participating in this product chain 5.3.4 Group of solutions from the government for the development of the Red Snapper product industry in Vietnam The cause of the solution implementation; Objective proposed solution; The implementation measures include: (1) Implement the planning for the area of Red Snapper farming in the direction of sustainable and effective development; (2) Promote the role of association and support of the State, authorities, agencies and industries to operate the supply chain of Red Snapper Summary of chapter Chapter 5, the dissertation presents important bases for proposing solutions to effectively and sustainably develop the Red Snapper supply chain in Vietnam, including: i) group solutions for each supply chain factor; ii) group solutions to promote intentions of linkages between farmers and Red Snapper supply chain actors; iii) group of solutions to promote the role of vertical, horizontal and horizontal integration of Red Snapper supply chain agents; and iv) group of solutions from the State management agency CONCLUSION Research on the fishery supply chain in general and the Red Snapper supply chain in Vietnam in particular is receiving an increasing attention from researchers, state agencies, and actors in this product chain While this study adopts supply chain/value chain theory, integrated global value chain approach and GTZ value chain promotion methodology to analyze the Red Snapper supply chain structure in Vietnam, the current study also uses the TPB theory to measure and analyze the factors affecting the intention/motivation to link famers with actors participating in the Red Snapper supply chain in Vietnam The research has carried out and achieved the following research results; Firstly: The dissertation has studied the experience of operating fishery supply chain in some typical countries such as Norway, Thailand, Ecuador and the tuna supply chain in Vietnam These countries are considered to be very successful in the field of aquaculture and fishery export, especially they have many similarities to Vietnam in terms of geography, society, and aquatic products On the basis of analyzing 22 and drawing lessons learned about success and limitations in the operation of fishery chains, this study provides effective operational policies to help the fishery supply chain in general and the Red Snapper supply chain in Vietnam operate effectively and sustainably Second: This study uses the integrated theory of global value chain and the methodology of value chain promotion GTZ to analyze the supply chain structure of Red Snapper in Vietnam The process of analyzing fishery supply chain structure includes the following main contents: product/industry selection for supply chain analysis; identify process/stage in the supply chain; identify the main actors in the chain; establishing links between chain actors; and supply chain structure analysis These contents form an important basis and foundation for the research and analysis process The research results show that the content of analyzing the supply chain structure of Red Snapper in Vietnam consists of 05 main steps, including: product/industry selection for analysis; identify the actors; supply chain structure; identify linkages and transactions between chain actors; and draw conclusions to propose menagerial implications for efficient and sustainable development of the product chain The Red Snapper supply chain in Vietnam includes 05 main actors (Famers, FEPC, Traders, Distribution actors (wholesales and retails) There are no linkage or weak link exists between actors Finally, the inequity in governing the flow of interests among factors as well as the inadequacy of planning for the Red Snapper farming industry in Vietnam is still inadequate Third: To measure the factors affecting the intention to link the chain between farmers and actors participating in the Red Snapper supply chain in Vietnam, the research adopts extended TPB This study integrate 05 extensive variables: trust, link culture, government policy, link knowledge, link uncertainty with the original TPB variables (attitude, subjective norm, behavioral control) to explain the intention to link Thus, these variables are designed and analyzed based on TPB through the use of partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) technique to test the reliability andmvalidity of the measures The process of measuring the variables affecting this link intention includes: trust with 05 observed items, link culture with 03 observed items, Government policy with 04 observed items, link knowledge with 03 observed items, link uncertainty with 04 observed variables, attitude with 04 observed items, and social norms with 03 23 observed v, perceived behavioral control with 03 observed variables, and intention with 03 observed items Intention is directly influenced by 03 variables, including attitude, social norms, and behavioral control, in which the attitude has a strongest impact to intention The hypotheses testing results by structural equation model show that the research concept scales are convergent and discriminant, and the research hypotheses are supported The study has provided clear and scientific evidence on the impact of the above-mentioned variables on the linkage motivations between farmers and actors participating in the Red Snapper supply chain in Vietnam As a result, the results show that the use of TPB to determine the chain link motivation used in this thesis research is completely appropriate Fourth: From the current situation and research results, the dissertation proposes menagerial implications through 04 groups of solutions to help the Red Snapper supply chain in Vietnam and the Red Snapper farming industry in Vietnam to effectively and sustainably develop: - The solutions focusing each actor participating in the Red Snapper supply chain in Vietnam; - The solution promoting intentions to link the Red Snapper supply chain; - The solution promoting the role of vertical, horizontal and vertical integration for actors participating in the Red Snapper supply chain in Vietnam.; - The solution from the government and the State management agency to develop the Red Snapper product industry in Vietnam If the above solutions are applied and implemented properly, flexibly, responsibly and enthusiasticly by the actors, local authorities and state management agencies, they will surely create positive effects And this will be a sign and a good premise to implement the development strategy of Vietnam's fishery industry in the coming time In the process of collecting and processing information and data for thesis research, the author try to ensure the reliability of the research results as well as the true reality of Red Snapper farming in Vietnam by devoting great efforts to collect and investigate data on the Red Snapper farming industry in Vietnam However, due to the limited time, financial resources and some difficulties in accessing survey information, the process of researching the Red Snapper supply chain in Vietnam has not fully reflected all the partners and thus, investigating other stakeholders involving in the supply chain is one of 24 further research direction For the analysis of factors affecting the intention to link chains between farmers and actors participating in the Red Snapper supply chain in Vietnam, the study has some limitations Firstly, the dependent variable in the proposed research model is the intention to link, not the actual action while there is a certain gap between intention and behavior (Ajzen, 1991) Therefore, future studies should include the linkage behavior variable in the model to better understand the chain linkage activities Next, this study only focuses on explaining the intention of the farmers to link Therefore, the study of the intention and the linking behavior of the other actors in the chain is necessary to have a more comprehensive perspective for the whole chain Finally, there exist other variables that have not been considered that may limit the predictability and interpretation of the model, such as personal values, personality, opinion of the owner, and other actors (Ajzen and Fishbein, 1980) LIST OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH ARTICLES Nga, N T (2019), Structural Building and Analysis of the Market of Fisheries Supply Chain: The Case of Red Snapper (Sciaenops ocellatus) in Nam Trung Bo, Journal of Trade Science, 7(1), 28-35 Nguyen Thi Nga & Tran Đinh Thao (2019), Benefit distribution in the Red Snapper supply chain in Nam Trung Bo, Journal of Economics and Development, No 263, 63-73 Nguyen Thi Nga & Ho Huy Tuu (2019), Factors affecting on coopertive intention between farmers with actors participating in the Red Snapper supply chain in Vietnam, Journal of Asian Business and Economic Studies, No 6, 32-52 Nguyen Thi Nga (2019), Adopting theory of planned behavior in the link behavior between farmers and actors participating in the Red Snapper chain in Vietnam, Journal of Asian and Indian, No (82), 49-59 ... in Vietnam Research subject and scope 3.1 Research subject Research on the Red Snapper supply chain in Vietnam includes: analysis and evaluation of the Red Snapper chain structure in Vietnam as... theory or sourcebased theory Tran Thi Thanh Huyen (2017), Wang et al (2013), Zao et al (2007) However, only a few recent studies have attempted to apply attitudinal theories such as the theory... the Red Snapper supply chain in Vietnam 4.2.1 Current situation of Red Snapper chain in Vietnam is operated through stages Supply chain of Red Snapper in Vietnam, including actors: breeders and