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HO CHI MINH NATIONAL ACADEMY OF POLITICS NGUYEN THE HUNG THE CONTINGENT OF INTELLECTUALS IN THE NORTHWEST FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT TODAY SUMMARY OF DOCTORAL THESIS MAJOR: SCIENTIFIC SOCIALISM Code: 62 22 03 08 HA NOI - 2019 The thesis is completed at the Ho Chi Minh National Academy of Politics Supervisor: Assoc Prof Dr Phan Thanh Khoi Reviewer 1: Reviewer 2: Reviewer 3: The thesis will be defended in front of the Thesis Committee at Academy level, at the Ho Chi Minh National Academy of Politics At…… hour…… date …… month …… year…… The thesis can be found at the National Library and the Library of Ho Chi Minh National Academy of Politics INTRODUCTION The significance of the thesis The fourth industrial revolution has drastically changed the overview of the global landscapes in all fields of life, pushing the human beings to a new age of knowledge economy In the knowledge economy, the possession, distribution, usage of knowledge and the ability of innovation has the special importance Many countries are aware of the drive for development: from using material as the key resource to using people as the centre of explotation, especially the highly qualified people Being a strong or weak country depends on the quality of the human resources, in which the quantity, quality and structure of the contingent of intellectuals play an important role Therefore, making full use of the contingent of intellectuals is the advanced tendency, a important national development strategy The Party and Government always appreciate the role of the contingent of intellectuals In the seventh Meeting of the Central Steering Committee of the tenth National Congress of the Party, the Party issued a specific resolution on building the contingent of intellectuals in the acceleration of national industrialisation and modernisation The Resolution asserts: In all ages, the intellectuals are always the foundation for social advancement, the contingent of intellectuals are the core resources in knowledge generation and distribution Today, together with the rapid development of the advanced industrial and technology revolution, the contingent of intellectuals becomes an extreme important resource, making the strength of each country in the development strategy Together with the development of the nation, the Vietnamese contingent of intellectuals has increased its quantity and improved its quality By innovation, our national intellectuals contribute greatly in all fields of national development and defence However, Vietnamese intellectuals have many limitations that need to be addressed to meet the new demands of national development, especially the sustainable development in the new period The choice of roadmap, methods, and policies for sustainable development is the top priority concern of each nation in the process of development In Vietnam, sustainable becomes the viewpoint of the Party, and has been asserted in the Resolution of the tenth and eleventh National Congress of the Party The Resolution of the twelveth National Congress of the Party emphasises: Fast and sustainable development (towards the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals in 2030); harmonised solutions for the short-term and long-term goals of economic growth and development in culture, advanced and social justice, environmental protection, enhance the material and spiritual life of the people To accomplish the national sustainable goals, Vietnamese Government issued “Strategic orientation for sustainable development in Vietnam” (Vietnam Agenda 21) With this agenda, sustainable development in Vietnam is a strategic frame with the overall goal is sustainable and effective development, rising with advancement and social justice, environment and resources protection, socialpolitic stability, strong national defence to ensure national independence, sovereignty, unity, and teritory integrity In each country, to develop sustainably, governments often pay attention to regional development policies, especially in the regions of under-development, rural, mountainous and minority areas to make the full use of the potentials of each region, for fast development, closing the gaps between urban and rural areas, and between areas with different development levels During the past years, as the resource for development, the Northwestern intellectuals have directly contributed to the sustainable development in the Northwest, actively contributed to the construction of scientific evidence for the making of strategies, regulations and policies, for Parties and local Governments of the Northwestern provinces; formed the human resources; produced many research and development projects which can be practically implemented in reality, generating good effects; fast approach to many advanced science of Vietnam and the world that enables the capacity building, knowledge acquiring, and mastering the transferred technology; contribute to enhance the efficiency and quality of the performance of the political system, especially enhance the leadership capacity of the Party, and the management capacity of Government authorities; contribute to the construction of the revolutionary armed force so that the force becomes professional, step-by-step modernised, and strong enough to protect national borders, maintain the political stability, ensure the social order and security However, compared to the average level of the nation, the intellectuals in the Northwest have many limitations in sustainable development: The scientific research is still limited, and cannot meet the demands of the renovation reality, the big renovation research project is still lacking; some intellectuals, because of the side effect of the market economy, have no sense of self-training, and have been in their degradation, misdirected off the Party’s path and vision At the same time, because of distinguishing features of the ethnic minority peoples, many issues emerged in sustainable development, to protect the “fence” of the Nation Because of the abovementioned significance, the author selected the topic “The contingent of intellectuals in the Northwest in sustainable development today” for the doctoral thesis, in the field of Philosophy, major in Socialism Study, with a desire to contribute to the making full use of the intellectuals in the Northwest in sustainable development today Research goals and duties 2.1 Research goals Basing on the theory and practice of the analysis of the roles of intellectuals in the Northwest in sustainable development; providing viewpoints and suggesting solutions to making full use of the roles of the intellectuals in the Northwest today 2.2 Research duties To achieve the abovementioned goals, the thesis aims at the following specific goals: Firstly, review key literature and research about the intellectuals in the Northwest and sustainable development Secondly, clarification of the theory and practice foundation of intellectuals of the Northwest in sustainable development Thirdly, analysis and evaluation of the reality of the Northwestern intellectuals’ roles in sustainable development Fourthly, define the basic viewpoints and suggest the key feasible solutions to make the full advantages of the Northwestern intellectuals’ roles in sustainable development today Research subjects and scope 3.1 Research subjects The thesis explores the contingent of intellectuals in the Northwest in sustainable development 3.2 Research scope - Scope of content: The main task of the thesis is to explore the roles of intellectuals in the Northwest in sustainable development - Scope of time: Examine the intellectuals in the Northwest in sustainable development from 2008 (since the Resolution of the seventh meeting of the tenth Steering Committee of the Communist Party, about the building of contingent of intellectuals in the acceleration of industrialisation and modernisation of the country) to the present - Scope of space: Examine the intellectuals living and working in six mountainous provinces in the Northwest of Vietnam, including: Dien Bien, Lai Chau, Lao Cai, Hoa Binh, Son La and Yen Bai 4 Research theory, practice, and methodology 4.1 Theory context The thesis is accomplished on the theoretical basis of Marxism-Leninism, Ho Chi Minh ideology, and the viewpoint and policies of the Party and Government about the intellectuals, particuparly the Resolution numbered 27NQ/TW, dated 6/8/2008 of the seventh meeting of the tenth Steering Committee of the Communist Party about the building of contingent of intellectuals in the acceleration of industrialisation and modernisation of the country; about sustainable development, particularly the Decision numbered 153/2004/QDTTg, dated 17/8/2004 of the Prime Minister on the Orientation to the Sustainable Development in Vietnam (Vietnam Agenda 21) 4.2 Practical context The thesis bases on the practice of the building and making full advantages of the Northwestern intellectuals in sustainable development, using the data from survey and field trips conducted by the author, and the data presented in the reports of the relating organisations and authorities 4.3 Research method - Methodology: The thesis uses the methodology of dialectical materialism and historical materialism - Specific methods: Analyse synthesise, statistics, compare, inductive, deductive At the same time, learn and inherit from the avaiable publications relating to the thesis New contributions of the thesis - Contribute to the clarification of the roles and the exploration of the reality of the Northwestern intellectuals in sustainable development and the challenging issues - Suggest the basic viewpoints and key solutions to make the full use of the roles of the Northwestern intellectuals in sustainable development Cong tributions of the thesis to theory and practice - Contribute the scientific evidence based arguments for the Party and Government of the local authorities in the Northwester provinces in designing the strategies and making policies to make the full use of the Northwestern intellectuals in sustainable development - The thesis can be a reference source for teaching, learning and researching in the relating topics Thesis structure Apart from the Introduction, Conclusion, List of publication, Reference and appendix, the Thesis has chapters, 10 sections Chapter LITERATURE REVIEW 1.1 LITERATURE ABOUT THE THESIS TOPIC 1.1.1 Literature about intellectuals There have been many scholars doing research on intellectuals The thesis reviews 20 literature of Vietnam (including 12 books, national research projects, doctoral theses, journal articles) and five international literature about intellectuals 1.1.2 Literature about the Northwest There have been many Vietnamese scholars doing research about the Northwest The thesis reviews 11 literature (2 books, national research project, doctoral theses about the Northwest) 1.1.3 Literature about sustainable development There have been many scholars doing research about sustainable development The thesis reviews 14 literature about sustainable development (4 books, national project, doctoral these, journal articles) and international literature about sustainable development 1.2 VALUES OF THE LITERATURE ABOUT THE THESIS TOPIC AND THE ISSUES FOR FURTHER RESEARCH 1.2.1 Values of the literature about the thesis topic The above literature analysed and mentioned many different perspectives relating to the thesis topic The literature has many good values in theory and practice, forming the foundation for the author to a research on the Northwestern intellectuals in sustainable development Firstly, about the contingent of intellectuals, the literature has achievements in clarifying the definition and characteristics of the intellectuals Although the literature is from different angles, the literature has the commonalities in the important characteristics of the intellectuals, in the changes of social-economic conditions of each country, each province, in many periods in history In research about the development of the intellectuals, the literature mentions the changes of era, and the objective important factor, which is the robust development of the revolution in science and technology At the same time, literature highlights the subjective factor influencing the tendency movement in the implementation of development strategies in each country Such literature asserts the roles of intellectuals in development process of countries In Vietnam, throughout the historic heroic periods of the nations, Vietnamese intellectuals always assert to play an important role in all aspects of life Respecting the intellectuals and talents becomes a good tradition of our nation In Ho Chi Minh era, the intellectuals are even more respected and given favourable conditions to perform their historic missions for the nation The roles of intellectuals are very important in the alliance of Workers - Farmers Intellectuals in the transition to socialism There have been many research and surveys to investigate comprehensively the Vietnamese intellectuals in general, working in many industries and geographic areas in particular Throughout many historic periods of the nation, Vietnamese intellectuals have been growing in quantity and quality To meet the demands of comprehensive innovation of our country, the structure of intellectual contingent has changed to meet the demand of country building in the new context The previous research has evaluated the limitations of Vietnamese intellectuals, particularly the limitations in quantity We are lacking the highly-ranked experts and the capacity to create new knowledge To find the reasons for these limitations, the reasons for the short-comings in policies for intellectuals are the most important topics in a lot of literature The most valuable finding of the research on intellectuals is the analysis of the reality of the intellectuals, and the highly practical suggestions Many solutions are placed in the relations with other factors in the development trends of this new era, in the social-economic development strategy of our country today The solutions have good values in designing the strategies and policies for intellectuals in the cause of Vietnamese national construction and protection today Secondly, in the Northwest, the abovementioned research gained the important results in the analysis of the Northwestern development in many social aspects The literature claried the distinguished characteristics of the region: the conditions of nature and geographic, the contexts of social economics, the conditions of ethnic cultures, from which to evaluate the implementation of the social-economic development policies in the land of ethnic minorities; to evaluate natural and mineral resources exploitation; the reality of drug-trafficking prevention in the northwest; evaluate the implementation of democratic regulations in communes of ethinic minorities in the Northwest The research suggested the solutions to develop the Northwest in all aspect of life Such solutions are meaningful in formulating the strategies of development in the Northwest in the new contexts Thirdly, about sustainable development, the previous research gained important results since they explored the concept of sustainable development There are still some opposite perceptions and opinions of sustainable development concepts However, the previous research came to the same conclusion of the primary indicators for sustainable development, which are sustainable economy, sustainable society, and sustainable environment Evaluating the roles of sustainable development, the previous research concluded: sustainable development plays an important role in the development process of every country Some research affirmed that the sustainable development depends on the implementation of policies of population growth, environmental pollution, climate change For Vietnam, to meet the demands of the country in the new conditions, especially the international integration, the Party and Government has been acquiring sound perception of the roles of sustainable development, regarding it as the core objectives in social-economic development The abovementioned research had many important findings in the analysis of sustainable development in Vietnam, in some specific industries, fields and provinces Throughout historical periods, especially after Doi Moi in Vietnam, sustainable development has been set priority for implementation and to some extents meed the demands of the cause of nation building in the new contexts However, the research frankly pointed out the limitations of Vietnam in the implementation of sustainable development strategies These limitations are analysed in all aspects of sustainable development in economics, sustainable development in society, sustainable development in environment The reasons for limitations are also discussed, including the reasons resulting from the socialeconomic policies in the control of the interests in the relationship towards the sustainable development of the society The greatest success of the abovementioned research is the highly feasible solutions in sustainable development, especially, the solutions for sustainable development in some specific industries, fields and provinces These solutions are the important foundation for the design of strategies and policies of sustainable development in the new period to meet the demands of nation building today 1.2.2 New issues for further research Besides the valuable research findings, there has been no systemmatic research about the intellectuals in the Northwest In discussion about the Northwestern intellectuals, the previous research asserted that the intellectuals play important roles in social development in many aspects However, there has been no research of the comprehensive roles of the intellectuals in sustainable development, particularly sustainable development in the region The previous research suggested many solutions about building contingent of intellectuals and making full use of the intellectuals However, there has been no solution for making full use of the intellectuals in sustainable development in the specific region of Northwest The issues that have not yet mentioned and critically analysed in the previous research need to be discussed in the thesis Based on the continuity of the previous research relating to the thesis topic, the author identifies some avenues for further research under the prism of socialism studies, as the following: - Clarification of some theory and practice issues about the Northwestern intellectuals in sustainable development - Analysis and evaluation of the reality of the roles of the Northwestern intellectuals, and some issues challenging the reality of the roles of this contingent in sustainable development - Based on the theory, reality and some challenging issues, the thesis suggests viewpoints and solutions suitable for the Northwest, taking into account the inter-regional traits to make full use of the roles of intellectuals in sustainable development today Chapter THEORY AND PRACTICE ABOUT THE CONTINGENT OF INTELLECTUALS IN THE NORTHWEST IN SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 2.1 PERCEPTION OF INTELLECTUALS AND THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE NORTHWESTERN INTELLECTUALS 2.1.1 Perceptions of intellectuals The concept of Intellectuals started in history, at the time ò separation betweeen intellectual work and manual work In the discoure about the intellectuals, in each evolution period of human beings, the concepts of intellectuals changes variously Even in a country, the understanding of intellectuals changes according to the level of development in economics, politics, culture, society When Ho Chi Minh was alive, He paid special attention to intellectuals According to him, intellectuals must have knowledge and understanding Understanding the struggle for evolution and the struggle for nation and society Via the simple but scientific discourse, Ho Chi Minh indicated intellectuals mút have knowledge, understanding and know how to use the knowledge to serve society, rovolution and people, using the understanding to change the reality for people liberation The resolution of the 7th meeting of the tenth National Congress of the Party about “Building the contingent of intellectuals in the acceleration of industrialisation and modernisation of the country” introduced the perception 11 - Develop literature and arts - Promote traditional cultural values to the world, at the same time learn the advanced cultural values of the world * The fourth characterisitic, sustainable development in environment - Prevent the degradation, use land resource effectively and sustainably - Protect the water resource, effectively and sustainably use of water resource - Reduce air pollution, control the toxic wastes - Protect, development and use forest resource effectively and sustainably; Protect the biodiversity and natural ecology - Reasonable exploitation and effectively and sustainably use of natural resources * The fourth characterisitic, sustainable development in national defence and security - Protect the national borders - Build the mass public national defence and people’s security - Strong prevention against criminals, especially the drug traffickers and transporters 2.3 THE ROLES OF INTELLECTUALS AND THE IMPACT FACTORS TO THE ROLES OF INTELLECTUALS IN THE NORTHWEST IN SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 2.3.1 The roles of intellectuals In the building and protecting the nation of Socialist Republic of Vietnam, the intellectuals play important roles, which reflect in the following perspectives Firstly, playing significant roles and having strengths in consultancy, social criticism and inspection, contribute scientific evidence for the design of strategies and policies of the Party and Government Secondly, playing direct roles in education and training for the human resources, particularly the high quality human resources for the cause of radical innovation of the country Thridly, playing ket roles in scientific research and technological transferring, being the key participants in the advanced science and technology revolution Fourthly, playing active roles in solving the contemporary issues of the world for the sustainable development of the country and human beings In sustainable development, the roles of intellectuals reflect in the key aspects of life: Firstly, the roles of intellectuals in sustainable development in economics Secondly, the roles of intellectuals in sustainable development in society 12 Thirdly, the roles of intellectuals in sustainable development in culture Fourthly, the roles of intellectuals in sustainable development in natural resources using and environmental protection Fifthly, the roles of intellectuals in sustainable development in national defence and security 2.3.2 The impact factors to the roles of intellectuals in the Northwest in sustainable development Firstly, regional factors influence the roles of the Northwestern intellectuals in sustainable development Secondly, national factors influence the roles of the Northwestern intellectuals in sustainable development Thirdly, international factors influence the roles of the Northwestern intellectuals in sustainable development Chapter THE ROLES OF THE CONTINGENT OF INTELLECTUALS IN SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN THE NORTHWEST: THE REALITY AND ISSUES 3.1 ACHIEVEMENTS OF THE ROLES OF THE CONTINGENT OF THE NORTHWESTERN INTELLECTUALS IN SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 3.1.1 Achievements of the roles of the contingent of the Northwestern intellectuals in sustainable development in economics The Northwestern intellectuals contribute greatly to sustainable development in economics, which is observed in the following perspectives: Firstly, the Northwestern intellectuals play important roles in maintaining fast and sustainable economic growth Secondly, the Northwestern intellectuals play great roles in the sustainable new rural development Thridly, the Northwestern intellectuals play active roles in restructuring the economy attached to the new model for growth 3.1.2 Achievements of the roles of the contingent of the Northwestern intellectuals in sustainable development in society The Northwestern intellectuals contribute greatly to sustainable development in society, which is observed in the following perspectives: Firstly, the Northwestern intellectuals play great roles in poverty eradication and increasing income for labourers 13 Secondly, the Northwestern intellectuals play important roles in education quality improvement Thridly, the Northwestern intellectuals play great roles in healthcare services improvement 3.1.3 Achievements of the roles of the contingent of the Northwestern intellectuals in sustainable development in culture The Northwestern intellectuals contribute greatly to sustainable development in cultures, which is observed in the following perspectives: Firstly, the Northwestern intellectuals play great roles in maintaining and making full use of traditional cultural values, especially of the ethnic minorities Secondly, the Northwestern intellectuals play important roles in building a healthy cultural environment Thirdly, the Northwestern intellectuals play great roles in maintaining and developing literature and arts Fourthly, the Northwestern intellectuals play active roles in promoting traditional cultural values to the world, at the same time introducing the international cultural values to the locals 3.1.4 Achievements of the roles of the contingent of the Northwestern intellectuals in sustainable development in environment and natural resources protection The Northwestern intellectuals contribute greatly to sustainable development in environment, which is observed in the following perspectives: Firstly, the Northwestern intellectuals play important roles in the prevention of degredation of land and sustainable use of land resources Secondly, the Northwestern intellectuals play great roles in water protection, using effectively and sustainably the water resources Thirdly, the Northwestern intellectuals play active roles in reducing air pollution, effective management of wates Fourthly, the Northwestern intellectuals play important roles in sustainable development of forests; conserve bio-diversity and ecology Fifthly, the Northwestern intellectuals play great roles in effective and sustainable exploitation and use of natural resources 3.1.5 Achievements of the roles of the contingent of the Northwestern intellectuals in sustainable development in national defence and security The Northwestern intellectuals contribute greatly to sustainable development in national defence and security, which is observed in the following perspectives: Firstly, the Northwestern intellectuals play special roles in national borders protection 14 Secondly, the Northwestern intellectuals play important roles in building the front of the people and people’s security Thirdly, the Northwestern intellectuals play active roles in the prevention and fighting against criminals, particularly drug traffickers and transporters 3.2 LIMITATIONS OF THE ROLES OF THE CONTINGENT OF THE NORTHWESTERN INTELLECTUALS IN SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 3.2.1 Limitations of the roles of the contingent of the Northwestern intellectuals in sustainable development in economics The Northwestern intellectuals face up with many difficulties in doing research and applying the advanced science and technology in production The models of technology transfer are still in small sizes, cannot create the strength for mass production Science and technology have not become the drive to accelerate social-economic development of this region The communication of the advancement in science and technology has not reached to large audience, and lack of innovation, cannot match the awareness of the public Among the contingent of intellectuals, the region is still lacking professional experts in many fields The lack of excellent experts causes many difficulties in research and development projects The socialization level in science and technology is still low Many resources from different businesses have not yet mobilized for the development in science and technology The Northwestern intellectuals have not yet researched to suggest any effective and sustainable solution to mobilise resources for infrastructure construction, in the condition that the provinces have very limited budget The investment for infrastructure varies differently in provinces Many provinces are extremely difficult in mobilizing resources for construction and renovation of public infrastructure The Northwestern intellectuals have not yet researched to suggest any suitable solution to prevent severe land erosion The land for agriculture cultivation is relatively small and fragmented Cultivating methods are out-dated, unsustainable, and in low efficiency Many local agricultural specilities are not introduced to market and have not yet branded The application of hightechnology is limited, especially in agriculture production following VietGap standard 3.2.2 Limitations of the roles of the contingent of the Northwestern intellectuals in sustainable development in society The Northwestern intellectuals perform their roles well in poverty eradication, creating more jobs However, the Northwest has the highest ratio of poor households in the country All six provinces in this region have very high ratio of poor households Among the six province, Hoa Binh has the lowest 15 poverty ratio Dien Bien and Lai Chau provinces have the highest poverty ratio This is a big challenge for sustainable development in the Northwest It is asserted that, the provinces in the Northwest in general, the Northwestern intellectuals in particular need greater efforts in poverty and hunger eradication Average monthly income per capital in the Northwest has been significantly increasing during the past years It is frankly saying that the rise in income has not parallel to the potentials of the region The average income per capital of the Northwest is much lower than that of the country This is a challenge in the sustainable development in the Northwest The people in the Northwest, in general, the intellectuals in the Northwest, in particular, need determination to grow and increase their income, and become reasonable rich on their homeland Besides the important contribution in education quality improvement, the Northwestern intellectuals have many remaining problems in improving people’s intellect, human resource training, and talent nurturing Education quality follows the pathway of comprehension and effectiveness, but in comparison to criteria of quality and educational goals, it is still problematic Many students are ranked poorly in term of academic The ratio of students passing the university entrance examination is lower than the average number of the country Particularly, in the national high school examination in 2018, among three provinces were caught cheating, two from the Northwest Many civil servants were in custody for investigation Besides the achievements in health care services, there are many limitations and difficulties in medical treatment services and the public health sector It is not easy for the people living in remote and difficult areas to approach health care service There are many difficulties in achieving the goal of malnutrition eradication for children under five years old It is very slow in the implementation of national medical standard, up to now (2019), nearly half of all the communes have not yet applied the standard 3.2.3 Limitations of the roles of the contingent of the Northwestern intellectuals in sustainable development in culture The newly suggested living eco-environment for each type is not cooperating with the vernacular cultures, the distinguishing characteristics of the local public space Particularly in some re-settlement hamlets and villages, there is no suitable and healthy cultural environment They look modern but are not suitable for tradition and living style of the local people The domination over the ethnic minority culture can be observed The intellectuals play the roles of introducing the Northwestern culture to other areas, and learn the advanced culture from other areas Jowever, the 16 achievement in culture and arts are not significant enough to make influencing impacts on many fields such as ideology, ethics and behaviors of the people A group of people are still exploited by the illegal religious missionary There is still lacking high quality cultural goods and services in ideology and arts Many goods are affected by the trend of commercialization, and serve the poor tastes in culture and arts 3.2.4 Limitations of the roles of the contingent of the Northwestern intellectuals in sustainable development in environment and natural resources protection The Northwestern intellectuals have not yet researched and transferred the types of flora for industrial cultivation in slopy hills in rainy climate They haven’t introduced the good solutions for the shortage of water for ethnic minority people living in the rocky mountains They did not evisage all scenario before building water resources treatment infrastructures Consequently, when being used, such infrastructures are not in a good system, generating low efficiency and waste The Northwestern intellectuals play their roles in the sustainable development of forest resources, conservation of ecosystems and biodiversity, efficient and sustainable exploitation and use of mineral resources However, in the Northwest, illegal mineral exploitation, particularly in small mines, is complecated, not only wasting the national resources but also causing social disorder and insecurity 3.2.5 Limitations of the roles of the contingent of the Northwestern intellectuals in sustainable development in national defence and security The organization of the border management and protection forces is sometimes ineffective The situation of being caught off guard or being insecure for a number of activities of illegal border entry, smuggling and women trafficking women still exist Propaganda is still weak, causing the situation that a group of the people living in the border are indifferent to border protection, considering it a task of merely the functional authorities Crimes prevention and suppression, especially drug transportation and trafficking, have initially achieved results However, the crimes of drug offenders are becoming increasingly sophisticated and cunning, causing difficulties in prevention and fighting Diversified and professional criminals have attracted young people who are lazy to work, employed children, the elderly, prostitutes and especially drug users to drug transportation, buying and selling The intellectuals in the Northwest are in the research process to summarize experience, and have not introduced feasible solutions to prevent and combat against drug crimes Every year, thousands drug cases occur, the 17 number of drug types is increasing, the nature of the cases is increasingly complicated, drastic and dangerous, and the potential of these crimes in the Northwest is still very high 3.3 REASONS FOR ACHIEVEMENTS AND LIMITATIONS, AND THE ISSUES EMERGING FROM THE REALITY OF THE ROLES OF CONTINGENT INTELLECTUALS IN THE NORTHWEST IN SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 3.3.1 Reasons for achievements in the roles of intellectuals in the Northwest in sustainable development During the past years, the performance of roles of intellectuals in sustainable development has gained great achievements In fact, the Northwestern intellectuals have been growing continuously in all aspects, contributing greatly to the sustainable development in the Northwest There are several reasons for these achievements: Firstly, the objective reasons The Northwestern intellectuals can play their roles in sustainable development because of the objective reasons, including the following: The first objective reason is, the attention of the Party and Government in the intellectuals and sustainable development The second objective reason is, the Northwestern intellectuals’ associations can clearly play their roles Secondly, the subjective reasons A majority of the Northwestern intellectuals are responsible for the national cause, and the cause of sustainable development in the Northwest region A majority of them have a desire to devote more to the poverty eradication, leveraging the Northwest to the middle income region in the country Despite the limited material conditions, the intellectuals have overcome the difficulties, been proactive in creation, and desired to contribute their intellect to the cause of sustainable development They are fully aware that the potentials of the Northwest are huge The finance resources may be restricted but the human resources are very important, it decides the success of the process to turn the potentials of the Northwest to reality to serve the needs of sustainable development in the region 3.3.2 Reasons for limitations in the roles of intellectuals in the Northwest in sustainable development Among others, there are several key reasons for the limitations in the making full use of the roles of the intellectuals in the Northwest in sustainable development: 18 Firstly, the objective reasons The intellectuals have many limitations in playing their roles in sustainable development because of some objective reasons, namely: The first objective reason is the limited awareness of the society about the roles of intellectuals in sustainable development The second objective reason is the poor performance in leadership and management of the local Party and Government authorities in making full use of the roles of the Northwestern intellectuals in sustainable development Secondly, the subjective reasons The capacity of the Northwestern intellectuals has not met the demands of sustainable development A group of the Northwestern intellectuals are performing poorly in learning and applying advanced technology in solving the theoretical and practical issues Not only the ability to create new technology, but also the ability to learn new technology is very limited A small group of intellectuals, especially the young intellectuals, still chase after materialism, neglect ideology, politics, social responsibilities, civil responsibility, disbelief in the leadership of the Party, and the pathway to socialism that Uncle Ho and our People chose Some people even degrade their political faith, the level of ideology, revolutionary ethics, and corruption and red tape Such practice decreases the roles of the Northwestern intellectuals in sustainable development 3.3.3 Issues emerging from the reality of the roles of intellectuals in the Northwest in sustainable development During the past years, pursuant to the strategy and policies of the Party and Government, provinces in the Northwest have been continuously taking care of the development of the intellectuals In fact, the intellectuals have been growing in all aspects, contributing to sustainable development in the Northwest However, making full use of the roles of the intellectuals in the Northwest is facing up with a lot of difficulties and has many limitations Firstly, the policies of education and training of the Northwestern intellectuals have many limitations and not meet the demands of sustainable development Secondly, the policies of using and remuneration are not reasonable, as the consequence, they cannot make full use of the contingent of intellectuals in sustainable development Thirdly, the environment for democracy has not yet fully developed to encourage the innovation and critical thinking of the intellectuals 19 Chapter VIEWPOINTS AND SOLUTIONS TO MAKE FULL USE OF THE ROLES OF INTELLECTUALS IN THE NORTHWEST IN SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT TODAY 4.1 BASIC VIEWPOINTS TO MAKE FULL USE OF THE ROLES OF THE NORTHWESTERN INTELLECTUALS IN SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT TODAY 4.1.1 To make full use of the roles of the Northwestern intellectuals is to contribute importantly to the implementation of the strategic breakthrough in highly qualified human resources for sustainable development The Northwest has a special geographic location It is the connecting point between Vietnam, ASEAN with the Southwest of China, with the population of 300 million, with the Northeast of Laos with abundant natural resources… These are the resources for sustainable development What lacking is the highly qualified human resources The contingent of intellectuals in the Northwest, on the one hand, is the trainers for the human resources; on the other hand, they are forming an important component of human resources As the result, making full use of the roles of the intellectuals is an important task in making full use of the highly qualified human resources Comprehensive development of human beings is the goal of making full use of the intellectuals Saying in other way, making full use of the intellectuals in the Northwest contributes to the implementation of the strategic breakthrough for sustainable development 4.1.2 Making full use of the roles of the Northwestern intellectuals should aim at achieving the goals of strategic task in sustainable development in the Northwest The Northwestern intellectuals are scientists, and at the same time are the performers of political tasks of provinces in the region Therefore, building and making full use of this contingent must attach to the strategic orientation of sustainable development and the general political missions of the Northwest In the maing full use of the contingent of the Northwestern intellectuals, the intellectuals should be oriented to the research and exploration, identify and problem-solving the issues emerged from theory and practice of social life, at the same time providing the envisaged scientific forecast, which is very essential Making full use of the Northwestern intellectuals who have good chrisma, sharp theory, highly professional, ability to control, manage and serve the public, respect and serve the people’s interests, and contribute to the victory achievements in the goals of socialeconomic development in the Northwest today 20 4.1.3 Making full use of the roles of intellectuals in the Northwest should be suitable for the demands of quantity, quality, and structure The strength of the Northwestern intellectual resources is the unity between the quality of each intellectual, the quantity of intellectuals and the structure of this contingent The number of intellectuals in the Northwest must ensure the universality of contents and fields of operation The quality of the intellectuals indicates traits and capacity Traits are reflected in the ideological stance, strong political courage, professional ethical qualities, passion for creative research, and a clean and simple lifestyle Capacity is reflected in the ability to perform tasks in reality, adapting flexibly and timely to the complex fluctuations of reality Reasonable or unreasonable structure creates impacts on the strength of the intellectuals, and the quality and effectiveness of making full advantages of the roles of the contingent The rationality of both the structural system and each component of the structure will ensure a synchronous and sustainable development of resources, create favourable conditions for strengthening and using the roles of the Northwest regional intellectuals Identifying the structure of the Northwestern intellectuals, to meet the requirements of socio-economic development, is an important task 4.1.4 Making full use of the roles of the Northwestern intellectuals needs the synthetic strength of many factors, especially the internal growth of intellectuals A combination of internal and external factors needs to be considered in taking full use of the Northwestern intellectuals Internal factors are all elements of each individual, as well as the entire intellectuals, which can create strength, it reveals primarily in their scientific creation activities Internal and external factors also impact on making full use of the roles of the Northwestern intellectuals Internal factors are the basis, the key premise to decide and create the strength of the intellectuals The external factor is the support, affecting the endogenous capacity, multiplying the inner strength, which is a sufficient condition for the Northwestern intellectuals to fulfill their roles to their homeland Lack of either element, or two elements not match, will cause the lack of synergy 4.2 KEY SOLUTIONS IN MAKING FULL USE OF THE ROLES OF INTELLECTUALS IN THE NORTHWEST IN SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT TODAY To make the full use of the intellectuals in the Northwest for sustainable development, gradually reaching the same level with intellectuals in the developed countries in the Asian region and the world, the viewpoints should be implemented via the following solutions: 21 4.2.1 The group of solutions in policies for planning, education and training for the intellectuals in the Northwest to meet the demand of sustainable development of the region Fristly, policies of planning Planning must be based on the practical assessment of the current situation of the Northwestern intellectuals Planning in the number of intellectuals to be trained and educated should meet the social needs Currently, the planning for the Northwestern intellectuals needs to focus on the sectors and areas that are and will be still necessary in the coming time, such as industry, commerce, tourism, economic management, urban management, and health It is essential to have specific plans in building and promoting the roles of intellectuals among the ethnic minority people Secondly, policies of education and training The Northwest needs to create a fundamental change in intellectual training and fostering Renewing training and education of Northwestern intellectual contingent needs to focus on mobilizing and effectively using all investment sources to develop education and training Forms of training and retraining should be diversified, in Vietnam and abroad It is necessary to focus on the orientation of training in the fields of which the intellectuals are insufficient and weak, avoid rampant training which does not paying attention to the practical demands, having policies of selecting and training excellent experts Strengthen scientific research and technology transfer activities Combining training with scientific research and business production In the process of training and education, in addition to training and education in professional skills, it is also necessary to emphasise the training and education on politics science and technology, foreign languages and information technology for Northwestern intellectuals 4.2.2 The group of solutions in policies for employment, recruitment, and use for the intellectuals in the Northwest to meet the demand of sustainable development of the region Firstly, the solutions of employment In the future, the region should implement the policy of talents attraction and soud remuneration in terms of both materials and spirits To this, the region need quickly scan to identify which industry really need experts, and the number of the required experts, then making a plan to recruit them During recruitment, apart from remuneration, it should be communicated to the intellectuals that the provinces need talents If necessary, assign special tasks for leaders in each industry to find and recruit the talented people in province We should avoid the 22 practice of issuing remuneration policies then passively waiting for applicants and heavy tested before official acceptance Secondly, the solutions of recruitment and usage Recruitment mechanisms need to be renewed in the form of open and transparent recruitment exams, creating a healthy competition in job hunting Creating favourable conditions for virtuous and talented intellectuals to choose the right workplace which match their specialized training, and their personal desire It is necessary to fight against the practice of supporting people in local network only, the conservatives, stagnation, arrangement and use of intellectuals are not simply basing on their qualifications, but also pay attention to their true competence In the emplyment, arrangement, and use of human resources, in addition to professional qualifications, attention should be paid to the political quality and ethical lifestyle of the intellectuals 4.2.3 The group of solutions in policies for remuneration, creating favourable working conditions and environment for the intellectuals in the Northwest to meet the demand of sustainable development of the region Firstly, remuneration policies Remuneration policies, both in materials and spirit, should be applied to the intellectuals Material and spiritual remunerations are important drives to stimulate the creativeness, as well as creating favourable conditions for the Northwestern intellectuals actively improve their knowledge and capacity At the same time, the proper material and spiritual remuneration also show the respects and the appreciation of the society toward to intellectuals Secondly, policies of working environment and conditions A good working environment needs material infrastructure, equipment, system of information; a democratic and open atmostphere, encouraging frank professional exchange; good team spirit and mutual support; ensuring the equality in rights and responsibilities, justice in work assessment, use, and remuneration; the working condition with positive competition, and no envy against the talents; the need for creation and research can emerge and develop in such environment 4.2.4 The group of solutions in policies for raising awareness of the roles of the intellectuals in the Northwest to meet the demand of sustainable development of the region Firstly, the awareness of local Party and Government Increasing the leadership of local Party and Government in building and making full use of the roles of the Northwestern intellectuals is an essential 23 requirement Ensuring the partisan, polictics and ideology in the creative activities of the intellectuals, to make the full use of the roles of the intellectuals in sustainable development Renovation in intellectuals managing mechanism, more exactly, is the management of the intellectuals and their activity management In managing the intellectuals, their education, training, and how they are employed need enhanced monitoring Secondly, awareness of intellectual groups and intellectuals The intellectual associations, especially the Science and Technology Associations and the Arts and Literature Associations, need to raise awareness in promoting the roles of the intellectuals in sustainable development Associations should strictly perform the function of gathering and uniting the contingent of intellectuals, acting as a focal point between association members and agencies of the Party, the State, the Vietnam Fatherland Front and other organizations, to address general issues in activities of the inter-associations The intellectuals themselves must not only be fully aware of their roles in sustainable development, but also take practical actions to participate in the dissemination of scientific and technological knowledge among people, organizations and guide the mass movement to advanced science and technology Actively participate in social consultancy, criticism and assessment activities, to contribute to building a scientific basis for designing programs, plans, guidelines and policies of the Party and Government CONCLUSION During the past years, together with the nationwide intellectuals, the Northwestern intellectuals have contributed significantly in the implementation and performance of some missions for sustainable development However, the achievements and advancements are not equal to the potentials of the Northwest region The level of social-economic development is lower than other regions in the country To examine in five perspective of sustainable development to identify many issues that the Northwestern intellectuals need to address Firstly, the economic efficiency and competitive power is still weak The economic growth depends largely on the width The governmental investment gets little achievements, but loss and waste There are some obstacles in the environment for investment and business, which have not created favourable conditions for economic growth 24 Secondly, life of a group of population, particularly the ethnic minorities is very difficult, the hunger and poverty eradication has not yet sustainable, the ratio of re-poverty is still high The education quality has not yet met the demands for development, many limitations in training for highly qualified human resources The quality for health care is low, the health care system and quality of health care services has not yet met the health care demands of the people Thirdly, cultural environment has been degraded and polluted, the contaminated cultural goods and services cause the degradation the morality, especially among the youth Fourthly, environment has been polluted, in some places to the alarming level The de-forestration and bushfire still occur Water, land, air pollution is serious in some places Many resources have not yet been mobilized to protect the eco-environment and living environment of the people Fifthly, the safety construction and activity organization are the main task, get ready to fight to protect the national border, but sometimes such tasks are ineffective The issue of across-border smuggling and women trafficking has not yet radically addressed It is very difficult in the fight against criminals in drug transportation and trafficking Our nation has been comprehensively performing the cause of innovation, to achieve the goals: “rich people, strong nation, democracy, justice and civilization”, transition to socialism to reach the development level of advanced countries Together with the whole nation, the Northwest enters the period of accelerating industrialization and modernization, aiming to the goal of poverty eradication To achieve such goals, it is essential to continue the building and making full use of the roles of the intellectuals in the Northwest in sustainable development Therefore, apart from the internal efforts of the intellectuals, the Party and Government authorities at all levels should have the same viewpoints and applied the same sollutions, to create the favourable conditions for the intellectuals in the Northwest to fully play their creative roles in the cause of making their hometown rich and beautiful LIST OF PUBLICATIONS OF THE AUTHOR RELATING TO THE THESIS TOPIC Nguyen The Hung (2011), “Key solutions to build and take the full use of the contingent of intellectuals in Lao Cai”, Journal of Political Theory and Communication, (11), pp.62-64 Nguyen The Hung (2018), “The Northwest: The roles of the regional intellectuals in society sustainable development”, Journal of Figures and Events, (11), pp.25-27 Nguyen The Hung (2018), “Factors impacting the roles of the contingent of intellectuals in sustainable development”, Journal of Scientific Information for Political Theory, (11), pp.38-42 Nguyen The Hung (2019), “The roles of the contingent of intellectuals in the Northwest in cultural sustainable development”, Journal of Political Theory and Communication, (3), pp.74-77 ... Supervisor: Assoc Prof Dr Phan Thanh Khoi Reviewer 1: Reviewer 2: Reviewer 3: The thesis will be defended in front of the Thesis Committee at Academy level, at the... economy In the knowledge economy, the possession, distribution, usage of knowledge and the ability of innovation has the special importance Many countries are aware of the drive for development: from... Steering Committee of the tenth National Congress of the Party, the Party issued a specific resolution on building the contingent of intellectuals in the acceleration of national industrialisation