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MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING VINH UNIVERSITY DINH XUAN KHOA GOVERNANCE OF PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES IN THE PRESENT CONTEXT Major: Aducation Management Code: 9140114 SUMMARY OF DOCTORAL DISSERTATION IN EDUCATIONAL SCIENCE NGHE AN - 2019 THE DISSERTATION WAS COMPLETED AT VINH UNIVERSITY Dissertation advisor: Assoc Prof Dr Phạm Minh Hùng Examiner 1: Prof Dr Phạm Hồng Quang Examiner 2: Prof Dr Thái Văn Thành Examiner 3: Assoc Prof Dr Nguyễn Văn Lê The dissertation will be defended before Vinh University examination committeee At 8AM, June 22, 2019 The dissertation can be found at: - Vietnam National Library - Nguyen Thuc Hao Center for information and library, Vinh University INTRODUCTION RATIONALE The system of public universities plays an important role in the socioeconomic development of each country Through activities of public univerisities, the state finds ways to regulate social resources most effectively, thereby regulating the training of human resources, maintaining and developing education and training In the past ten years, the country's higher education system has made fundamental changes, especially from the prespective of the diversification of ownership of universities and training types, as required by employers, which, in turn, makes the university governance method as it was in the past no longer appropriate; fundamental changes are required to meet the increasing demands of society and the current trend Many issues related to university governance as university autonomy, accountability, university councils have just been studied and initially piloted Besides, the people who are in charge of administration at public universities are not fully equipped with administrative knowledge and practical skills This has greatly affected the efficiency of the governance of public universities The Research proposes models and mechanisms to govern public universities in our country in the current context, which are both urgent and topical From the above reasons, we choose the topic "Governance of Vietnam’s public universities in the current context" for our doctoral dissertation specializing in Education Management AIMS OF THE STUDY Based on the theory and practice of the governance of public university, I proposed a governance model for Vietnamese public universities and operational mechanisms, meeting the requirements of renovating higher education in the current context THE FIELD AND OBJECT OF THE STUDY 3.1 The field of research: Activities of public universities 3.2 The object of research: The governance of public universities SCIENTIFIC HYPOTHESIS The governance of public universities is currently a new and difficult issue and a limitation of Vietnam higher education The main reason is that no scientific basis has been established about governance of public universities, from the concept of governance to objectives, content, resources and governance subjects Especially, there is no model and mechanism for operating management of public university in accordance with the current conditions of our country and international experience The university governance can be improved if the governance model is proposed and implemented on the basis of essential elements of governance of public universities MISSIONS AND SCOPE OF RESEARCH 5.1 Research missions 5.1.1 Overview of research 5.1.2 Study the theoretical bases about the governance of public universities 5.1.3 Study the practical issues of the governance of Vietnamese public universities in the current context 5.1.4 Proposing a model for Vietnam’s public university governance and operational mechanism 5.2 Scope of the research 5.2.1 The study proposes a governance model of public universities and operational mechanism at the university level (governance within the university) 5.2.2 Survey of the situation of the public university governance in five representative public universities These are the schools: Can Tho University, Hanoi Industrial University, Saigon University, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technical Teacher Education, and Vinh University 5.2.3 Time for surveying the situation From the academic 2016-2017 year to 2018-2019 APPROACHES AND RESEARCH METHODS 6.1 Approaches The dessertation uses the following approaches: Systematic approaches; social approaches; Market approaches; development approach; practical approach 6.2 Research methodology 6.2.1 Group of theoretical research methods This group of methods aims to gather theoretical information to build the theoretical basis of the topic 6.2.2 Group of practical research methods This group of methods aims to collect practical information to build the practical basis of the topic 6.2.3 Mathematical statistical methods Using statistical formulas to process the collected data, compare and give the research results of the thesis ARGUMENTS THAT REQUIRES TO BE DEFENDED 7.1 University governance is a "leverage" for the improvement and improvement of quality in all areas of university education Therefore, between university governance and the quality of university education have a close relationship It is not possible to improve the quality of university education if the governance within public universities is not organized in a systematic manner, in accordance with its objectives, content and methods 7.2 The governance of public universities is currently the weakest stage of the Vietnamese higher education In fact, public universities in our country are mainly managed, not governed The main reason for this limitation is that Vietnamese public universities have not yet had a suitable model and operational mechanism for the governance of institutions in the current context 7.3 Proposing a governance model for Vietnamese public universities and operational mechanisms needs to be based on a synchronous impact of the university governance; at the same time taking into account the influence of the state, the market, the participation of society and the trend of globalization in university education to the operation of university governance NEW CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE DISSERTATION 8.1 Supplement and perfect theoretical issues about university governance of Vietnamese public university (concept of university governance; elements of the governance of public university; roles and requirements for capacity and quality for the administrators of public universities ) 8.2 Develop a set of standards to evaluate the performance of the governance of public universities 8.3 Objectively assess the situation of the governance of Vietnamese public university through practical research at a representative public university 8.4 Propose a governance model for Vietnamese public university and the feasible, logical and operational mechanism 8.5 Develop a capacity building program for the public university administrators 8.6 The research results of the thesis can be applied to the governance of Vietnamese public universities STRUCTURE OF DISSERTATION In addition to the Introduction; Conclusions and Recommendations; References; Research annex, the thesis has chapters: - Chapter 1: Literature review - Chapter 2: Theoretical foundation of public university governance - Chapter 3: Practical basis of governance of public universities in Vietnam in the current context - Chapter 4: Vietnamese university governance model and operational mechanism CHAPTER LITERATURE REVIEW 1.1 STUDY ON THE GOVERNANCE OF PUBLIC UNIVERSITY 1.1.1 Overseas studies Studies on university governance overseas focus on the following issues: Building a legal basis for university governance; significance of university governance; Principles in university governance; managerial structure; good university governance That is the study of authors such as Baldridge, Henard and Mitterle, Salmi, Conley 1.1.2 Domestic studies In Vietnam, studies on university governance appeared mainly from the 2000s and focused on the following issues: The need to renew university governance; Autonomy and accountability are the core elements of university governance; university council is the model that university governance in Vietnam needs to move forward That is the study of the authors such as Tran Hong Quan, Do Duc Minh, Dang Quoc Bao and Nguyen Thi Hue, Pham Thi Ly, Pham Phu, Thai Van Thanh, Le Viet Khuyen 1.2 RESEARCHES ON GOVERNANCE MODEL OF PUBLIC UNIVERSITY 1.2.1 Study overseas Overseas studies have produced different models of university governance such as: collegial model; Bureaucratic model; Model of public control; The model of the two depending sides (in the 1960s and 1970s); Model "Coordination triangle" of Clark 2-dimensional model in university governance of Van Vught; The cybernetic model used in the university governance of Birnbaum (in the 1980s and 1990s); New styles of university governance of Kohler & Huber; Clark's "five-dimensional balance" model (from 2000 onwards) 1.2.2 Domestic studies on university governance model In the country, the research works on the governance model of universities have only appeared in the past 10 years These studies are usually in the following three directions: 1) Applying the governance model in the field of economics into the governance of university; 2) Survey of university governance models in the world, thereby proposing a way to apply these models to governance vietnamese public university; 3) Give the governance model of Vietnamese public university on the basis of analyzing the socioeconomic characteristics of the country; trend of innovation and development of university education in the country and the world That is the study of the authors such as Nguyen Huu Quy, Nguyen Thi Kim Anh, Pham Thi Lan Phuong, Pham Thi Ly, Le Duc Ngoc and Pham Huong Thao, Mai Trong Nhuan From the results of the general research, the thesis will focus on solving the following main issues: 1) Research on solving theoretical issues about governance of Vietnamese public university in the current context: Content Governing Vietnamese public university; ways to govern Vietnamese public university; subject of governance of Vietnamese public university; evaluate governance activities of Vietnamese public university; Factors affecting public universities governance ; 2) The study proposes a governance model of public universities in the current context The proposed model must reflect the current issues of university governance such as: university autonomy, university concil, university - business, university - public services ; 3) Study the mechanism of operating the governance model for public university has proposed improving the efficiency of governance of public universities CONCLUSION OF CHAPTER From the research results in chapter 1, the following conclusions can be drawn: Overview of the study of the problem plays a crucial role Through the review, the thesis has clarified the issues that need to be acquired, the issues that have not been clarified and the issues that need to be focused on for further research The issue of university governance has been studied by many domestic and foreign authors These studies shed light on the basic theoretical and practical issues of university governance , from the meaning and importance of university governance to effective university governance University governance model captures a lot of attention from many domestic and foreign authors These studies have produced many models of university governance in accordance with socio-economic conditions and conditions for developing university education of each country and region In which there are models that Vietnamese university education can study and apply CHAPTER THEORETICAL FOUNDATION OF PUBLIC UNIVERSITY GOVERNANCE 2.1 PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES IN HIGHER EDUCATION SYSTEM 2.1.1 Concepts State-owned public universities are those institution that the State (central or local) invest, construct (land, houses, equipment, ) The funding for activities is mainly from public donors or non-profit contributors Compared to private universities, public universities have many differences: Ownership, facilities and finance, management organization, degree of autonomy, role of the political Party The above differences, should be noted when developing the content, choosing the method and proposing the governance model of Vietnamese public university and operational mechanism 2.1.2 Characteristics of Vietnamese public universities today Vietnamese public university currently have some of the following outstanding features: State oversights; High autonomy, high social responsibility; Academic freedom is expanding; Simultaneous development of scale and quality; the output is greatly cared; Closely associated with businesses and communities; Stakeholders are increasingly involved in university activities; To be provided with training and scientific research services through contracts with partners not only in the public sector but also outside of the public sector; Start applying the new governance models ( governing the universities like the administration of business ) into the governance of university; Power focused on university councils (collective leadership regime); It is stratified into research-oriented universities and career-oriented universities 2.2 SOME ISSUES ON THE GOVERNANCE OF PUBLIC UNIVERSITY 2.2.1 The concept of governance and university governance 2.2.1.1 The concept of governance In the dissertation, the term governance should be understood as the structure of relationships to bring about cohesion, mandate policy , plan and make decision; responsible before organizations, businesses, and schools for the reliability, adaptability and cost effectiveness of management to achieve the expected results, through the division of responsibilities, resources The concept of governance has a certain difference with the concepts of leadership, management and administration in terms of the objectives, content, method and subject of these activities 2.2.1.2 The concept of university governance Based on the existing understanding, the thesis offers a number of new understandings about this concept: First: university governance is the activity in which the administrators is present mission statement, vision and set strategic goals of the university; plan, make decisions about the university's policy and direction; decentralize and exercise power in universities; establish relationships between benefits and responsibilities within the university and between univerisities and stakeholders; build up branding and core values of the university; monitor and evaluate the implementation of university goals Second: university governance is the process of organizing, operating and controlling university activities in order to achieve governance objectives in the most optimal way, through the implementation of the content and mode of governance Third: university governance is a structural system, including administrative objectives, governance content, governance mode, governance subject, governance resources; These factors interact with each other and are affected at different levels from the State, market, society and the globalization trend of university education The above understandings about the concept of governance of public university will be flexibly used in the thesis, especially when proposing a governance model for public universities and operational mechanism 2.2.2 The meaning and importance of university governance University governance has the following meanings and importance: governance builds up university success; governance links universities with stakeholders; governance increases consensus and limits disagreements within the university 2.2.3 Elements of public university governance 2.2.3.1 The objectives of governance of public universities Governance of public universities aims at the following objectives: Orienting the management of public universities, Building a democratic, public and creative higher education environment; Provide high quality higher education services 2.2.3.2 Content of governance of public universities The content of governance of public university includes: Declaration of mission, vision and setting strategic goals of the university; Planning, making decisions on policies and operational orientation of universities in the areas of human resources, academia, finance; Decentralizing and enforcing power in schools, Establishing relationships about benefits and responsibilities within the university and between univerisities and stakeholders; Creating the core values and brand of the university; Monitor and evaluate the implementation of university goals 2.2.3.3 Methods of governance of public universities University autonomy, accountability and educational quality accreditation are considered the three pillars of the university governance 2.2.3.4 Subjects of governance of public universities Subjects of governance of public universities include: Party Committee, University Council and President Clearly defining the role of these actors is difficult because of certain "overlaps" ,however, it is relatively possible to identify the roles of Party Committee, University Council and President in governance of public universities as follows: Party Committee - leader of public university; University Council - administering the public university; President manages the public university 2.2.4 Some issues of model and mechanism for operating public university governance model 2.2.4.1 Some issues of public university governance model In this section, the thesis presents the concept of governance model of public universities; elements of the governance model of public universities as a basis for proposing a governance model for Vietnam's public universities in the current context 2.2.4.2 Some issues on the mechanism of operating public university governance model In this section, the thesis presents the concept of operational mechanism and requirements for the operational governance mechanism of public universities 2.2.5 Roles and requirements for capacity and quality for public university administrators 2.2.5.1 Role of public university administrator In the university, the administrators often play the following roles: leadership role; Communication role, Creative role; Control role; Role of coordination of resources, Role of negotiation 2.2.5.2 Requirements on competence and quality for public university administrators To effectively govern the public universities, administrators need the following qualities and personalities: bravery and aspirations for success; Have strategic thinking and creativity; Ability to connect and persuade others; Ability to lead universities to adapt to the changes of the socio-economic environment and science and technology; Knowledge of law and governance of the univerisities; have ability to govern effectively university resources 2.2.6 Assessment of public university governance To evaluate the performance of governance of public universities, administrators need to some of the following tasks well: Plan the evaluation of the performance of governance of public university; Develop a set of standards for the assessment of the governance activities for public universities Select methods and forms of assessment appropriate for each content, each method, each subject of governance of public universities; Organize to evaluate the performance results of the work of governing of public universities 2.3 FACTORS AFFECTING THE GOVERNANCE OF PUBLIC UNIVERSITY 2.3.1 Objective factors Generally speaking, objective factors affect the governance of public universities includes: State, market, society and globalization trend in higher 10 education However, here the thesis only refers to some aspects of the above factors affecting the operation of the governance of public universities; including: Market economy; Trends and policies for higher education development; The development of university governance science; 2.3.2 Subjective factors Subjective factors include: The capacity of university administrators; The role of the school council in the university; The degree of university autonomy CONCLUSION OF CHAPTER Governance plays an important role in the development of the public universities The concept of university governance , although it has been mentioned in many research projects, so far, the content of this concept has not been defined clearly The governance of public university has a great meaning and role for the development of the public universities Factors of university governance include: administrative objectives, governance content, governance modes, subjects of governance The role of the administrators at public universities is expressed in terms of: leadership; link; the media; creation; control; coordination of resources; negotiate This role has defined the capabilities and qualities that the administrators need to have to govern public universities effectively Effects on the governce of public universities are many These factors need to be taken into account during the administration process as well as when proposing a model, a mechanism to improve the efficiency of the governance of public universities 11 CHAPTER EMPIRICAL BASIS OF THE GOVERNANCE OF VIETNAM’S PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES IN THE CURRENT CONTEXT 3.1 ORGANIZATION FOR SURVEYING SITUATION 3.1.1 Objectives of surveying situation The objective of the survey is to properly and objectively assess the status of public university governance to establish the empirical basis of the thesis 3.1.2 Contents of surveying situation The survey focuses on the following three main issues: 1) The situation about the awareness of public university governance amongst participants; 2) The reality of assessment of public university governance activities; 3) The situation of public university governance (through case studies) 3.1.3 Sample and object of survey 3.1.3.1 For university units The following public universities were selected to survey: Can Tho University; Hanoi University of Industry, Saigon University; Ho Chi Minh City University of Technical Teacher Education; and Vinh University 3.1.3.2 For managers and lecturers Managers who are subject of the survey include Board of Management; Dean and Vice Dean of faculty/training institute; Head, Deputy Head; Director / Deputy Director of center; Head of academic department The survey was conducted with 100% managers of the selected universities As for lecturers, due to the large number of subjects, the study only randomly surveyed 10% (sample distance is 10) of lecturers of the selected universities 3.1.4 Surveying method The dissertation uses the following methods: Design survey forms to solicit opinions of managers and lecturers of public universities; Exchange opinions, interview by topic; Investigate the products of managers and lecturers of public universities 3.1.5 How to process data and evaluation scale 3.1.5.1 How to process data Data collected from the questionnaires are processed by SPSS software 3.1.6 Survey time All comments and surveys were sent to the participants from October 2017, and opinions and questionnaires were collected in May 2018 3.2 SURVEY RESULTS 3.2.1 The reality of awareness of public university governance The dissertation has examined the reality of participants’ awareness of the concept of governance, university governance; the significance and importance of governance for public universities; contents of public university governance; public university governance, and public university governance model The 12 results of the surveyed participants’ awareness of public university governance (according to university units) are presented in the following tables and charts: Table 3.9 Results of awareness of public university governance (according to university units) Job title / Position Quantity Ratio Average P Standard Deviation Confidence interval 95% Min Lower Max Upper Can Tho university 236 23,4 3,4728 0,81198 3,3686 3,5769 1,54 4,94 Hanoi University of Industry 288 28,6 3,4144 0,93320 3,3062 3,5226 1,59 5,00 0,438 Saigon University 74 7,3 3,2604 0,92860 3,0453 3,4756 1,59 4,91 HCMC University of Technology and Education 209 20,8 3,4567 0,89928 3,3341 3,5794 1,44 5,00 200 19,9 3,3912 0,89849 3,2659 3,5165 1,59 5,00 1007 100,0 3,4209 0,89158 3,3658 3,4761 1,44 5,00 Vinh University Total/General Average From the results of table 3.9, it is possible to create the following chart: 13 Figure 3.1: Comparison of results of awareness of public university governance (according to university units) Through the data of table 3.9 and chart 3.1, the following observations can be drawn: The awareness of the participants (according to the university unit) of public university governance is similar; the awareness of managers about public university governance is always higher amongst managers than that of teachers 3.2.2 The situation of evaluating governance activities of public universities in Vietnam The results of the participants’ awareness of public university governance (according to university units) are presented in the following tables and charts: Table 3.16 Results of evaluating the level of implementing university governance activities (according to the university unit) Objects Quantity Average Can Tho University 236 3,4858 Hanoi University of Industry 288 3,4703 Saigon University 74 3,3427 P 0,438 Standard Deviation Confidence interval 95% Lower Upper 0,84974 3,3768 3,5948 0,96332 3,3586 3,5820 1,09312 3,0894 3,5959 14 HCMC University of Technology and Education 209 3,5130 0,93614 3,3853 3,6406 Vinh University 200 3,3933 0,98354 3,2561 3,5304 3,4581 0,94622 3,3996 3,5166 On average From the results of table 3.16, it is possible to create chart 3.2 below: Chart 3.2: Comparison of results of evaluation on governance activities Through the data of table 3.16 and chart 3.2, it is possible to draw the following remarks: the situation of university governance activities is more appreciated by managers than by teachers Of the five surveyed universities, three are evaluated as fairly good, and two as average, by the surveyed participants 3.2.3 Factors affecting governance of public universities First, all factors given are those that public universities and teachers think they can affect the governance of public universities There are no factors expected to have no, or little, impact on the governance of public universities Second, among the factors exerting impact on public university governance, the factor of international integration in higher education is considered by both managers and teachers to be the most influential (based on 15 the average of the factors), followed by the capacity of the university administrator 3.3 INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE IN PUBLIC UNIVERSITY GOVERNANCE The dissertation draws out university governance experience of the United States, Britain, Australia, and Singapore as the empirical basis to propose a number of directions to apply in Vietnamese public universities 3.4 GENERAL EVALUATION OF SITUATION The dissertation has pointed out: 1) The bottleneck of governance of public universities in Vietnam is that university autonomy has not become a natural attribute of public universities; 2) The blockage of governance of public universities in Vietnam is that the University Council has not possessed clearly defined power, so it has not promoted its role in governance of public universities; The problem of Vietnamese public university governance is that there is not yet a model and operational mechanism suitable to the actual conditions of public universities as the basis to clarify the causes of limitations in the current governance of the country’s public universities CONCLUSION OF CHAPTER Based on the research results in chapter 3, the dissertation has drawn the following conclusions: The universities selected for the survey are the institutions which are representative for public universities in our country today In recent years, at different levels, these universities have had activities towards “internationalization of universities” and have obtained initial results, accordingly The survey results show that the public universities have gained certain achievements in university governance activities However, there remains a variety of limitations and shortcomings At different levels, objective and subjective factors have exerted impacts on the governance of public universities, especially subjective ones International experiences in public university governance have contributed to enriching the empirical basis of the thesis A general evaluation of the status of public university governance has spelled out the bottleneck, blockage and problem of the current governance of public universities in Vietnam This is an important empirical basis for the thesis to propose a governance model of Vietnamese public universities and operation mechanism in Chapter 16 CHAPTER MODEL FOR VIETNAM PUBLIC UNIVERSITY GOVERNANCE AND OPERATIONAL MECHANISM 4.1 PRINCIPLES FOR PROPOSING A MODEL FOR VIETNAM PUBLIC UNIVERSITY GOVERNANCE AND OPERATIONAL MECHANISM The proposal of a model for public university governance and its operational mechanism is based on the following principles: ensuring objectivity; ensuring practicality; ensuring systematicality; ensuring appropriacy 4.2 MODEL FOR VIETNAM PUBLIC UNIVERSITY GOVERNANCE 4.2.1 Model for public university governance system and model for public university internal governance On the basis of theoretical review and practical investigation, the dissertation proposes a model for public university governance system and a model for public university internal governance as follows: Figure 4.1: Model for public university governance system 17 Figure 4.2: Model for public university internal governance 4.2.2 Analysing factors of the model for public university governance 4.2.2.1 External factors of the model for public university governance and their mutual effects The external factors of the model for public university governance include: the State, Market, social participation, globalization trend in higher education The external factors of the model for public university governance not only affect the internal aspects of the model for public university governance, but also influence one another 4.2.2.2 Internal factors of the model for public university governance and their mutual effects The internal factors of the model for public university governance include: objective of public university governance; contents of public university governance; modes of public university governance; subjects of public university governance; resources of public university governance The mutual influence between the internal factors of public university governance occurs on two axes: The first axis includes objectives, contents, modes, governance resources; The second axis involves the subjects of governance and objects of governance 4.3 MECHANISM FOR OPERATING VIETNAM’S PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES GOVERNANCE MODEL 18 4.3.1 Separation of power among the Party committee, university council, and president In order to exercise this mechanism, it is necessary to: promulgate coordinating regulations between the Party committee, university council, and president; separate governance from management; shift from one-leader governance (president) to collective governance (university council); ensure that the university council is the most powerful body in public universities 4.3.2 Autonomy attached to accountability and accreditation of public universities In order to carry out this mechanism, it is necessary to: appropriately determine the autonomous objectives, accountability and accreditation of public universities; proactively exercise university autonomy, accountability, and accreditation of public universities according to plans; ensure mutual and organic relationship among university autonomy, accountability, and accreditation 4.3.3 Motivating and promoting public universities to operate across the board via continuously improved policy systems In order to exercise this mechanism, it is necessary to: determine which policy systems need to be made and improved; plan to make and improve the policy systems according to standards; continuously evaluate the effectiveness of the policy system for public university governance 4.3.4 Collaborating and sharing responsibilities among public universities and stakeholders In order to carry out this mechanism, it is necessary to: raise responsibilities of public universities for stakeholders; make favorable policies and “legal corridors” for stakeholders to participate in developing public universities 4.3.5 Creating, promoting and making use of branding and core values of public universities In order to implement this policy, it is essential to: determine the core values of public universities; have a strategy to create, promote and make use of branding and core values of public universities; have policies so that every member of a public university takes part in creating, promoting and making use of branding and core values of the institution 4.3.6 Ensuring necessary conditions to effectively operate the model of public university governance In order to implement this policy, it is essential to: bring into play the roles of administrators of public universities; ensure resources for operating the model of public university governance; create favourable environments for operating the model of public university governance 4.4 SURVEYING EXPERTS ABOUT THE MODEL OF PUBLIC UNIVERSITY GOVERNANCE AND ITS OPERATING MECHANISMS 19 The results of surveys show that: proposals for the model of public university governance and its operating mechanisms are the outstanding contributions of the dissertation; the model and its operating mechanisms are of great necessity, suitability, feasibility, and practicality 4.5 PILOTING THE MODEL OF PUBLIC UNIVERSITY GOVERNANCE AND ITS OPERATING MECHANISMS 4.5.1 Piloting 4.5.1.1 Piloting purposes To evaluate the impacts of model of public university governance and its operating mechanisms for the public university governance 4.5.1.2 Piloting hypothesis It is possible to enhance the effectiveness of public university governance if the model of public university governance and its operating mechanisms are to be applied 4.5.1.3 Details and methods of piloting i) Details of piloting: the model of public university governance and its operating mechanisms ii) Methods of piloting: The piloted operation was performed once on the same objects 4.5.1.4 Objects and time of piloting operation i) Piloted objects: The piloting operation was carried out at Vinh university ii) Time of piloting operation: Semester academic year 2018-2019 (9/2018-1/2019) 4.5.1.5 Evaluating the piloting results The piloting results were evaluated with the set of evaluation standards for public university governance 4.5.2 Piloting results The piloting results are presented in Table 4.3 Table 4.3 The summarized results of evaluating the performance of public university governance before and after the piloting operations Grade Operation Pre-pilot Post-pilot Sum 0 20 15 14 0 82 101 4.5.3 Analysis of piloting results 4.5.3.1 Quantitative analysis Table 4.3 shows that: The post-pilot results are higher than the pre-pilot results Of the 29 criteria for evaluating the performance of Vinh university 20 governance, seven criteria received points and only two criteria had points The remaining criteria received points For the post-pilot results, 14 criteria received points; no criterion had points The total points for evaluating the performance of Vinh university governance was 82 before the pilot operation (average rank), and the result increased to 101 points (good rank) after the pilot 4.5.3.2 Qualitative analysis The qualitative analysis of the piloting results was carried out according to evaluation standards for public university governance Each standard showed the strengths and limitations of the application of the model of public university governance and its operating mechanisms we have proposed at Vinh university CONCLUSION OF CHAPTER Based on the findings in chapter 4, it can be concluded that: The model of public university governance was developed on the basis of determining elements in the process of public university governance and the role of each element, as well as the relationships among them The mutual impacts of the elements occurred along two axes: Objective - Contents – Modes- Resources for governance and Governing subjects – Governed objects In order for the model of public university governance to operate effectively, it is essential to carry out the following mechanism: 1) Separation of the Party committee, the University council, and the President; 2) Autonomy attached to accountability and accreditation; 3) Motivating and promoting the performance of public universities across the board via continuously improved policy system; 4) Collaborating and sharing responsibilities among public universities and stakeholders; 5) Creating, promoting and making use of branding and core values of public universities; 6) Ensuring favorable conditions for effectively operating the model of public university governance The results of surveys show that proposals for the model of public university governance and the operating mechanisms we have proposed are of scientific significance, necessity, suitability, feasibility, and practicality 21 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS CONCLUSIONS The dissertation has yielded the following results: 1.1 The dissertation has solved major theoretical problems about Vietnam’s public university governance in the present context 1.2 Developed a set of criteria for evaluating the performance of public university governance and fostering programs for administrators of Vietnam’s public universities 1.3 The research results in Vietnam and abroad have pointed out the strengths, limitations and causes of public university governance 1.4 On the basis of theoretical study and practical investigation, the dissertation proposed a model for governing Vietnam’s public universities in the present context and analyzed the relationship between the elements of the model to clarify the impact of factors on the university governance process 1.5 The dissertation proposed the operating mechanisms of public university governance model Along with the model, these mechanisms fully demonstrated the elements of the governance process of public universities, while reflecting the urgent problems of renovating public universities (autonomy, decentralization, accountability ) 1.6 The research findings, especially the model for governing Vietnam’s public universities and its operating mechanisms, can be applied for governing Vietnam’s public universities RECOMMENDATIONS 2.1 For the Government and the National Assembly 2.1.1 It is necessary to implement the amended law on higher education passed by the 14th National Assembly as soon as possible The related matters include articles on autonomy, accountability, university council, etc 2.1.2 It is urgent to promulgate new university regulations, decrees stipulating autonomous mechanisms of public universities to create legal corridors for operation of Vietnam’s public university governance 2.2 For the Ministry of Education and Training 2.2.1 Implementing fostering public university governance programs for administrators with the participation of university leaders from overseas renowned universities 2.2.2 Directing relevant bodies to develop sets of standards for evaluating governance performance, autonomous level, and accountability of public universities 2.3 For public universities 2.3.1 Proactively shifting the “administrative model” to “governing model”; promoting university autonomy attached to accountability and accreditation to make a contribution to reform the model for public university governance in today’s context 22 2.3.2 Integrating the leadership role of the Party committee and the university council through the mechanism “the Party secretary also in the position of the council chairman” 2.3.3 Enhancing competency and quality for administrators through intensive courses and practical experience to meet the requirements for effective governance of public universities 23 PUBLISHED WORKS RELATED TO THE DISSERTATION Đinh Xuân Khoa (2016), Governance of public universities to meet the requirements for the comprehensive and fundamental education reform, Journal of education science, vol 129/6 Đinh Xuân Khoa (2016), Governance of staff at Vietnam universities, Journal of education science, vol 132/9 Đinh Xuân Khoa, Phạm Minh Hùng (2017), Governance of higher education quality in the international integration period, Journal of education science, vol 137/2 Đinh Xuân Khoa, Phạm Minh Hùng (2017), Institutional councils at universities – Real situations and solutions, Journal of education science, vol 140/5 Đinh Xuân Khoa, Phạm Minh Hùng (2017), Financial autonomy at Vietnam public universities, Journal of education science, vol 145/10 Đinh Xuân Khoa, Phạm Minh Hùng (2017), Innovation in pedagocial university governance – the key factor to improve the quality of teacher training and K-12 education managers, International conference proceeding, Ho Chi Minh teacher education university Đinh Xuân Khoa, Phạm Minh Hùng (2018), Some suggestions for education development strategy to meet the industrial revolution 4.0, International conference proceeding, Hanoi Đinh Xuân Khoa, Bùi Văn Dũng, Phạm Minh Hùng (2018), Governance of science and technology and innovation at university, Vietnam science and technology journal, vol 3/2018 Đinh Xuân Khoa, Phạm Minh Hùng (2018), An overview of research in public university models, Journal of education science, vol 4/2018 10 Đinh Xuân Khoa, Phạm Minh Hùng (2018), International experience in university governance, Vietnam Journal of education science, vol 05/2018 11 Đinh Xuân Khoa, Phạm Minh Hùng (2018), Governance of university branding, Vinh university Journal of science, vol 47, 2B/2018 12 Đinh Xuân Khoa (2018), Necessity to make importance policies for the intellectual circle for international integration and development, Communist review, 7/2018 13 Đinh Xuân Khoa (2018), Vietnam higher education – Vision and action, Education symposium, National Assembly IV, Hanoi 8/2018 14 Khoa Dinh Xuan, Bang Nguyen Huy, A low – cost experimental kit for teaching wave optic based on CDIO approach, The Physics Teacher, (ISI) 15 Khoa Dinh Xuan and Hung Pham Minh, Model zarzadzania Vietnamska uczelnia publiczna w obecnej sytuacji, Relacje studia z nauk spolecznych 16 Khoa Dinh Xuan, Hung Pham Minh and Bang Nguyen Huy, Strategic Planning of University under the Industrial Reverlution 4.0 and Institution Accreditation: A Case study for Using AUNQA, Asia Pacific Journal of Education, (Submitted) 24 ... governance of Vietnamese public university in the current context: Content Governing Vietnamese public university; ways to govern Vietnamese public university; subject of governance of Vietnamese public... proposing the governance model of Vietnamese public university and operational mechanism 2.1.2 Characteristics of Vietnamese public universities today Vietnamese public university currently have... to apply in Vietnamese public universities 3.4 GENERAL EVALUATION OF SITUATION The dissertation has pointed out: 1) The bottleneck of governance of public universities in Vietnam is that university