Nâng cao chất lượng giảng viên ngành kinh tế các trường đại học công lập trên địa bàn thành phố hà nội tt tiếng anh

1 INTRODUCTION The urgency of the topic Since the world's first higher education institution was established, lecturers have always been respected by society Former US President Bill Qualityinton asserted: “To have the best schools, there must be the best lecturers” The quality of lecturers has a great influence on the quality of higher education as well as the quality of social human resources - a factor determining the existence and development of each country In Vietnam, our Party and State have always considered education and training to be a top national policy and for education, including lecturers with significant investments and interests The 8th Conference, the Central Executive Committee of the 11th Session issued Resolution 29-NQ/TW on November 4, 2013, clearly defining the development and improvement of the quality of lecturers is the key task for fundamental and comprehensive renovation of training and education in the current context Improving the quality of lecturers has therefore been and is a "hot" issue that is paid attention and research by many countries and scientists in the country and internationally Researches around the world have shown the role and the necessity to improve the quality of lecturers However, due to differences in context and perspective, the evaluation criteria, ways of determining and improving the quality of lecturers are very different, the applicability to the situation and conditions of Vietnam is low Recent researches in Vietnam have also confirmed the important role of lecturers in the country's development process, pointing out the limitations on the quality of lecturers in the universities in Vietnam as a policy of management, development of lecturers still has many inadequacies: low percentage of lecturers with doctoral degrees, the quality of scientific research activities of lecturers is still low Public public universities have an important role in Vietnam Hanoi currently has 74 universities and institutes, of which 38 are public universities, many of which have recently expanded their training to economics Therefore, the force of economics lecturers with their own characteristics, different from other lecturers, increasingly plays an important role The quality of economics lecturers have a great influence on the quality of training as well as the reputation and brand of the universities Improving the quality of economic lecturers has become a strategic goal and is the school of interest to implement However, up to now, there has been no comprehensive research on this issue Therefore, graduate student selects the thesis topic “Improving the quality of economics lecturers at public universities in Hanoi city” with both theoretical and practical implications Research purposes and missions 2.1 Research purposes On the basis of establishing and measuring the criteria for assessing the quality of economics lecturers, proposing a number of solutions and recommendations to improve the quality of economics lecturers in public universities in Hanoi city on period to 2025, vision 2030 2.2 Research mission - Clarify and develop a number of related theoretical issues, attaching importance to building a system of criteria for evaluating the quality of economics lecturers at public universities; - Studying experiences of a number of domestic and international public universities on improving the quality of economics lecturers, thereby drawing lessons for public universities in Hanoi city; - Analyzing the status the quality of economics lecturers at public universities in Hanoi city, showing the advantages, limitations and causes of those limitations; - Proposing a number of specific solutions and recommendations to improve the quality of economics lecturers at Hanoi’s public universities in the period up to 2025, vision 2030 Research questions - What are the quality of economics lecturers at public universities? which factors are affected? - Which criteria should be used to assess the quality of economics lecturers at public universities? - What solutions need to be taken to improve the quality of economics lecturers at public universities in Hanoi in the current context? Research subject and scope 4.1 Research subjects The object of the thesis research is the quality of economics lecturers at public universities 3 4.2 Research scope Research content: The thesis approaches the issue of economics lecturers quality at public universities from the viewpoint of human resources management Graduate student focused on clarifying the concept of economics lecturers quality at public universities; Since then, the system of criteria, evaluation criteria and factors affecting the quality of economics lecturers at public universities, especially human resource management activities of public universities to improve quality of economics lecturers The thesis focuses on researching the group of Organic Economics lecturers Research space: The thesis researches on public universities in Hanoi city Survey data collected mainly in universities, including: National Economics University (NEU), Foreign Trade University (FTU), Trade Union University (TUU), Hanoi University of Science and Technology (HUST), Thuyloi University (TLU) Research period: The dissertation mainly takes data related to quality of economics lecturers at public universities in Hanoi city within a period of years, from 2014 to 2018, propose solutions to 2025 with a vision to 2030 Research method 5.1 Methods of data collection Methods of secondary data collection: Graduate student collects secondary data to systematize, develop scientific basis as well as contribute to analyzing and assessing the status of economics lecturers quality at public universities in Hanoi city by retrieving and selecting information from published scientific works, theses, publications, books, journals, scientific yearbooks, numbers statistics of research agencies and State Management Agencies on Higher Education (General Statistics Office, Ministry of Education and Training ) and public universities in Hanoi City Methods of primary data collection: Graduate student conducted a survey using a questionnaire (269 lecturers and 95 students) at public universities in Hanoi to collect primary data to answer to some research questions as well as clarify, explain the causes of practical problems that secondary data has pointed out Questionnaires combined using identification scales, scales order and Likert 5-level scale based on the content to be studied 4 5.2 Methods of analysis and data processing Graduate student combines the use of both quantitative and qualitative analysis methods and expert methods, personal in-depth interviews methods, Statistics and synthesis, descriptive statistical methods, comparative methods New contributions of the thesis 6.1 Scientific significance Using the approach of the lecturers quality according to the content of human resources management quality, the thesis has made some contributions as follows: (i) Develop and clarify a number of concepts related to quality of economics lecturers at public universities; (ii) Clarify the role and characteristics of the economics lecturers quality at public universities in the context of globalization and international integration together with the strong development of science and technology in the current period; (iii) Develop a system of criteria for evaluating the quality of economics lecturers at public universities in accordance with the current conditions of Vietnam; (iv) Identify and clarify the factors affecting the quality of economics lecturers, especially the human resources management activities of public universities to improve the quality of economics lecturers 6.2 Practical significance (i) Studying some experiences on improving the quality of economics lecturers of domestic and foreign universities, thereby drawing appropriate lessons for public universities in Hanoi city; (ii) Measuring and assessing the situation, analyzing the factors affecting the quality of economics lecturers at public universities in Hanoi city; specify the advantages, limitations and causes; (iii) On the basis of analyzing the context to 2025, vision 2030, offering a comprehensive, feasible system of solutions and proposing some specific recommendations to improve the quality of economics lecturers at public universities in Hanoi city The structure of the thesis Chapter Overview of research situation about the quality of lecturers Chapter Scientific basis on quality of economics lecturers at public universities Chapter Current situation of the economics lecturers quality at public universities in Hanoi city Chapter Solutions to improve the quality of economics lecturers at public universities in Hanoi city CHAPTER OVERVIEW OF THE RESEARCH SITUATION ABOUT THE QUALITY OF LECTURERS 1.1 Overview of research situation of lecturer quality 1.1.1 The abroad research Researches in foreign countries about lecturer quality also show the important role of lecturers as well as the necessity to improve lecturers' quality However, the identification of factors affecting the quality of lecturers so that there is a way to measure, evaluate and improve the quality of lecturers is still controversial because of cultural and qualitative differences in awareness In general, the quality of lecturers is a multidimensional structure, affected by many different factors, which should be measured by a system of appropriate standards and criteria as a basis for developing and implementing the main principles books, measures to promote and improve the quality of lecturers 1.1.2 The domestic research Recent domestic research on the quality of lecturers has also confirmed the position and important role of lecturers, and pointed out the shortcomings, limitations and requirements, requiring quality improvement the number of lecturers aiming at fundamental and comprehensive renovation of education and training in the new period However, most of these researches approach the issue of lecturers quality in the direction of evaluating faculty capacity Very few studies have approached the quality of lecturers according to the content of human resource quality, assessing the quality of lecturers through the criteria for evaluating the quality of human resources (Mind - Health - Intelligence), especially yet deeply exploiting the content of lecturers' quality according to the standards prescribed in the legal documents 1.2 Knowledge gaps and research direction of the thesis 1.2.1 Knowledge gaps - The quality of lecturers is understood in different ways, so the ways and standards/criteria to measure and evaluate the quality of lecturers are also very different Most of the research approaches towards the evaluation of lecturers capacity Researches on assessing lecturer quality according to the content of human resources quality are still low, the content of lecturers quality assessment has not been concretized yet - In the few researches approaching the content of human resources quality, when evaluating the quality of lecturers, the authors only use the criteria to evaluate the factors that make up the capacity of the lecturers (including Mind - Health – Intelligence power) There have been almost no researches assessing the quality of lecturers through the combination of assessing the factors that make up the ability to work with the performance and the level of meeting the requirements of stakeholders - No researches has been studied systematically and comprehensively on issues related to the economics lecturers in general, improving the quality of economics lecturers at public universities in Hanoi city in particular in the context and current trends 1.2.2 Research direction of the thesis - Approach: Approach content the quality of economics lecturers from the viewpoint of human resources management: quality of lecturers are reviewed and evaluated through groups of criteria: (1) Group of criteria to evaluate the feasibility the ability of the lecturers to work; (2) Group of criteria for evaluating labor results and the level of meeting requirements of stakeholders the quality of lecturers is assessed from the aggregate viewpoint of the relevant subjects, including State Management Agencies on Higher Education, universities, students, and enterprises - Regarding research content: The thesis focuses on studying the following basic issues: (1) Analyze, clarify and develop some theoretical and practical issues related to quality of economics lecturers at public universities: - Systematize, inherit and develop a number of theoretical issues about quality of economics lecturers at public universities such as: The concept, role and characteristics of the economics lecturers in the trend and current context; Establishing a system of standards and criteria for evaluating the quality of economics lecturers in public universities; Analyzing and clarifying the factors affecting the quality of economics lecturers at public universities, especially paying attention to analyzing human resources management activities in order to improve the quality of economic lecturers of the public universities; - Researching a number of domestic and international experiences, thereby drawing lessons on improving the quality of economic lecturers for public universities in Hanoi city; (2) Analyze and assess the status of quality of economics lecturers at public universities in Hanoi city closely follow the theoretical and practical basis of the thesis (3) Proposing a number of solutions and recommendations to improve the quality of economics lecturers at public universities in Hanoi city to 2025, with a vision to 2030 CHAPTER SCIENTIFIC BASIS ON QUALITY ECONOMICS LECTURERS OF PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES 2.1 Lecturer in economics at public universities 2.1.1 Some concepts Public university is a university which established and managed by the government to carry out training and research activities to serve the nation's development goals in specific periods Economics lecturers at public universities are lecturers participating in teaching the specialized modules of the business and management group, block III, code 34, at public universities 2.1.2 Role, labor characteristics 2.1.2.1 Role During the implementation of professional duties, the lecturer takes on three main roles: (1) Teachers, (2) Scientists, and (3) Service Providers for the community 2.1.2.2 Labor characteristics - Labor purpose - Subjects of labor - Labor tools - Products of the labor process - Labor environment 2.2 Quality lecturers of economics at public universities 2.2.1 Some concepts The quality of economics lecturers at public universities is a set of characteristics of economics lecturers at public universities (expressed in three aspects of Mind - Health – Intelligence power) constituting ability to work to meet the needs of stakeholders in specific conditions 2.2.2 Standard and evaluation criteria 2.2.2.1 Standard - Firstly, there must be good quality, morality and thought; - Second, must meet occupational standards by job placement; - Thirdly, having updated skills, improving professional capacity; - Fourthly, ensure health according to career requirements 2.2.2.2 Evaluation criteria (Table 2.2) 2.2.3 Influence factor - Group of macro-environmental factors; - Group of education environment factors; - Group of factors belonging to the university; - Group of factors belonging to lecturers 2.3 Improving the quality of economics lecturers at public universities 2.3.1 Concept Improving the quality of economics lecturers at public universities is to increase the characteristics and labor results of economics lecturers at public universities in order to meet the development goals of the parties related in future identification 2.3.2 Human resource management activities improve the quality of lecturers in economics at public universities Activities include: Analysis, job design and human resource planning, Recruitment, Assignment and job placement, Job performance evaluation, Work motivation and Training, development Human Resources 2.3.3 Some experience in improving the quality of lecturers in domestic and foreign economics and lessons learned for public universities in Hanoi city 2.3.3.1 Some experience - Experience of Washington University - Seattle (USA) - Experience of Nanjing University (China) - Experience of the University of Economics - Hanoi National University 2.3.3.2 Lessons learned for public universities in Hanoi city Firstly, it is necessary to develop and apply mechanisms and policies aimed at improving the environment, working conditions, ensuring life, increasing income in order to attract and improve the quality of lecturers Secondly, attention should be paid to strengthening the cohesion with enterprises in the process of performing professional activities Third, more attention should be paid to investing in scientific research activities of the team of economics lecturers Fourthly, international cooperation in training and fostering is both an indispensable and objective requirement, as well as an effective solution to improve the quality of lecturers in the strong development trend of science and technology… Fifthly, good implementation of human resources management activities will contribute significantly to improving the quality of economics lecturers CHAPTER CURRENT SITUATION OF ECONOMICS LECTURERS QUALITY OF PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES IN HANOI CITY 3.1 Overview of public universities in Hanoi city 3.1.1 Outline the process of formation and development Hanoi City - The Capital of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, is the center of politics, culture, science and technology and education, and is the major economic center of the country Since the reorganization of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, the names of two major universities under the French colonial era were Indochina Medical University (1902) and Indochina University (1906) into Vietnamese Medical University (now Hanoi Medical University) and Vietnam National University (now Hanoi National University) as well as establishing Hanoi National University of Education (1951), the process of formation and development of public universities in Hanoi city can then be divided into three main stages: The period of 1956 - 1966 This is considered to be the founding stage of many large public universities in many key areas of Vietnam's education in Hanoi city In the period 1966 - 1986 Universities in Hanoi adjusted the content and training program in accordance with the actual situation; at the same time continue to set up a number of public universities 10 From 1986 to the present Many colleges establishment have been upgraded to universities, some new universities continue to be established to train many new professions and fields, making significant contributions to the training and education of Hanoi in particular, of the whole country in general 3.1.2 Some characteristics that affect the quality of economic faculty members 3.1.2.1 Number, size and training industry In terms of number: Hanoi currently has 52 universities (38 public universities, 14 private universities - excluding Hanoi National University and affiliated universities) and 29 institutes In which, 22/38 public universities provide training in economics Regarding training scale and professions: The size of university training of public universities in the period of 2014-2018 slightly increased from 525,325 students in the academic year 2013-2014 to 531,229 students in the academic year 2017-2018 (Table 3.1) Public universities in the city of Hanoi focus on training mainly in sectors III, V and VII 3.1.2.2 Teaching staff Lecturers of public universities in Hanoi city are constantly growing in number (Table 3.2), mainly supplemented by good students, master's students anh graduate students 3.1.3 Training results and scientific research period 2014 - 2018 3.1.3.1 Training results Over the past years, along with the development of the city and the country, the public universities in the city of Hanoi have trained hundreds of thousands of students every year, most of whom graduated with excellent degrees, good and excellent This is an important high-quality workforce for industrialization and modernization of the capital and the country (Tables 3.3 and 3.4) 3.1.3.2 Scientific research results Scientific research activities of lecturers of public universities in Hanoi city are always evaluated with high applicability in production and life, solving practical problems, creating sudden changes breaking production forces, renewing models of growth, economic development (Table 3.5) However, activities of scientific research activities of public universities are not uniform ISI and SCOPUS international announcements in the economic 11 lecturers are still modest, even at schools with many announcements Compared to the regional level, the number of international publications of schools in the period 2014 - 2018 is limited 3.2 Analyze the current quality of lecturers in economics at public universities in Hanoi city 3.2.1 Actual quality of lecturers of economics at public universities in Hanoi city 3.2.1.1 About quantity and structure - About the quantity: The number of economics lecturers at public universities in Hanoi city has increased by 6.59% between 2014 and 2018, accounting for 27.50% of the total lecturers of 22 economics training universities, accounting for 14.29% of the total list of public universities in Hanoi city This rate is higher than the rate of lecturers of the national economic group (11.9%) but lower than the proportion of lecturers of economic lecturers in public universities (15.5%) This proves that: although there has been a growth in number, economics lecturers at public universities in Hanoi city have not met well the practical requirements set out The percentage of students/lecturers in the economics training group at public universities in Hanoi in the school year 2017-2018 is 24.33 (Table 3.6), higher than the national average as in Hanoi This partly reflects the rather large teaching pressure that economics lecturers at public universities in Hanoi city are facing - Regarding structure: Gender structure: The proportion of male lecturers is 47.23% Age and seniority structure: The average age of economics lecturers at public universities in Hanoi city is 40.93, under 35 years old accounts for 38.76%, from 35 - 45 years old accounting for 41.58% Economics lecturers with less than years of seniority accounted for 19.38%, with seniority from 5-10 years accounted for 25.10%, from 10 to 20 years was 34.65% Structure of professional qualifications: The proportion of lecturers reaching the Doctor level increases In the 2017-2018 academic year, this number is 24.30%, 58.24% has a Master's degree However, the proportion of lecturers with the title of Professor and Associate Professor remains low (35 Professor, 315 Associate Professor - Table 3.7) 12 Therefore, at the moment, the economics lecturers at public universities in Hanoi basically meet the requirements of quantity and structure at average level, in accordance with the results survey at universities 3.2.1.2 Actual working status - Physical state: Average height and weight of male economics lecturers are (167.5cm 63kg), for women is (160cm - 53kg) 85% of economics lecturers at universities surveyed meet health standards of categories and (Table 3.9) However, the proportion of economics lecturers suffering from occupational diseases is quite high (Table 3.10) - Actual status: In terms of professional qualifications, the force of economics lecturers at public universities in Hanoi is not uniform, the number of Professor and Associate Professor (out of surveyed universities) is mainly concentrated at the NEU The rate of economics lecturers reaching Doctor level tends to increase and rejuvenate, working experience and career skills are at average level - The state of mind power: The results of the survey (Table 3.14) show that the level of engagement, dedication to the job of the economics lecturers is at an average level (3.00/5), the level of implementation of religious standards professional ethics and awareness, working attitude, sense of responsibility of the economics lecturers were rated higher with 3.40 and 3.62/5 points respectively Thus, it can be seen that the team of economics lecturers ensures quality compared to the mission requirements of the universities However, the level of quality of the new economics lecturers is at an average level compared to the current practical requirements 3.2.1.3 Situation of labor results and the level of meeting the requirements of the stakeholders - Labor results: (i) Results of the implementation of the teaching norm of economics lecturers 90% of economics lecturers at universities conducted a survey to complete and exceed the teaching norms for the academic year 2017 - 2018, of which the majority (72%) teach from 100 - 150% of the norm (Table 3.15) 13 (ii) Percentage of graduates who have a job and a job suitable for their specialty: The rate of graduates having jobs after 12 months of the economic group is very high, reaching an average of about 90%, the percentage of graduates having jobs in accordance with the major is over 70% (Table 3.16) (iii) Number and quality of scientific research projects: The number and quality of scientific research, international publications and domestic articles of economics lecturers at public universities in Hanoi are low, not commensurate with the professional level and requirements, demands from schools and society (Table 3.17) (iv) Result of providing other social services: About 10% not participate in mass and social activities, not participate in teaching, scientific research at other training institutions or activities actions of enterprises - Degree of meeting the requirements of related parties: (i) Degree of meeting the student's requirement: The level of meeting the requirements of economics students at the universities conducting the survey is different and not proportional to the prestige, brand of universities or the economics lecturers capacity In general, the quality of economics lecturers at public universities in Hanoi city have not met well the requirements of students Students are least satisfied with the appearance (height - 2.60/5 points) and the lecturers' occupational skills (2.61/5 points) (ii) Degree of meeting the requirements of universities: Universities have a high level of satisfaction with their quality of economics lecturers fairly (average 3.39/5 points) (iii) The level of meeting the requirements of enterprises: Economics lecturers at public universities in Hanoi city only meet the average requirements of businesses (2.95/5 points) 3.2.2 Situation of human resource management activities to improve the quality of economics lecturers at public universities in Hanoi city 3.2.2.1 Analysis, design of work and Human Resource Planning Many public universities in Hanoi city implement the Circular 14/2012/TT-BNV Guiding the implementation of Decree 41/2012/NĐ-CP of the Government in public non-business units However, in the process of implementing the Project on job placement, there were still a number of 14 shortcomings leading to low efficiency, and not yet creating a significant effect of improving the quality of economics lecturers 3.2.2.2 Recruitment Most of the schools have developed their own Recruitment Regulation, ensuring that the recruitment is conducted objectively, fairly, scientifically and in compliance with laws However, in some universities, recruiting activities are not strategic, mainly addressing the current shortage of lecturers, not serving much for the long-term development orientation in the future 3.2.2.3 Assign and arrange lecturers in economics Public universities in the city of Hanoi often assign and arrange economics lecturers in two directions: specialization or multi-purpose and taking advantage of the concurrent lecturers 3.2.2.4 Evaluation of work performance The evaluation of job performance by the economics lecturers of the universities is conducted on the basis of the general provisions of the Ministry of Education and Training, incorporate in adding a number of specific regulations and requirements of the training sector 3.2.2.5 Motivate working for lecturers All universities in Hanoi are motivated to work for lecturers with material and mental stimulation tools However, due to various reasons, many universities have not performed well and brought into full play the effect of this tool 3.2.2.6 Training, fostering and developing lecturers The training and development of economics lecturers have been implemented by the universities based on the lecturers team and the actual conditions of each university Many universities have promulgated the Regulations on Training and Retraining of Cadres and lecturers, stipulating standards and regimes for lecturers participating in the training Although quite similar in the implementation process, the effectiveness of the training of economics lecturers of each public university in Hanoi is very different, depending on the views of the Leadership as well as the incentive system of the universities 3.2.3 Situation of factors affecting the quality of economics lecturers at public universities in Hanoi city 3.2.3.1 Macro environmental factors group 15 Results of survey show that all four macro-environmental factors have a strong influence on the quality of economics professors in public universities in Hanoi (Table 3.25) 3.2.3.2 Actual situation of environmental factors in education sector The education environment factors have a great influence on the quality of economics lecturers at public universities in Hanoi city (Table 3.26) 3.2.3.3 The reality of the factors belongs to universities The opinion points of the leader and the prestige of the University have a great influence on the quality of economic faculty members with the respective ratings of 3.85 and 3.71/5 points (Table 3.27) 3.2.3.4 The reality of the factors belongs to lecturers of economics The quality of economics lecturers is greatly influenced by the capacity, ability (3.99/5) and the needs of themselves (3.77/5 points) The degree of influence of circumstances and personal conditions on the quality of economic faculty members is lower, only at an average level (2.92/5 points) Table 3.28 3.3 General assessment of the quality of economics lecturers at public universities in Hanoi city Results of the assessing quality of economics lecturers at public universities in Hanoi city (Table 3.30) show that: Most of the criteria for evaluating the quality of economics lecturers are at average level (points) the rating reaches from 2.60 to 3.39/5); criteria for evaluating the low quality of economic faculty members - unsatisfactory are the high proportion of the trainees suffering from occupational diseases and the number of published scientific research projects of the trainees criteria for evaluating the high quality of economic faculty members include: (1) Consciousness, working attitude, sense of responsibility, (2) Degree of implementation of professional ethical standards, ( 3) Proportion of graduates having jobs, and (4) The proportion of graduates having suitable jobs 3.3.1 Success In general, the quality of economics lecturers at public universities in Hanoi city basically meet the requirements of the State Management Agencies as well as the university Requirements from the parties concerned In terms of quantity, economics lecturers are constantly being strengthened and supplemented from qualified human resources, ensuring the 16 rate of students/lecturers in accordance with the regulations of the Ministry of Education and Training In terms of structure, economics lecturers are relatively harmonious, consistent with the general development trend of higher education The rate of economics lecturers with the title of Doctor, Professor and Associate Professor tend to increase Most economics lecturers are committed to their careers, aware of their positive working attitudes and high sense of responsibility Over 90% of economics lecturers always complete and exceed the tasks of teaching and scientific research The rate of graduated students in economics with jobs and jobs suitable to the training industry is stable at a high level Economics lecturers also actively participate in social unions, participate in teaching, scientific research outside the working unit and activities of the business sector Public universities in the city of Hanoi have always tried and made good efforts to implement human resources management activities in order to improve the quality of economics lecturers: improved right from the recruitment stage and throughout the process of arranging, using, evaluating, training and developing lecturers Professional qualifications, teaching skills and scientific research, work experience of economics lecturers in many universities has been significantly improved The life and income of economics lecturers at public universities in Hanoi city has been gradually improved 3.3.2 Limited and causes 3.3.2.1 Limit On the number and structure: Not meeting the practical requirements set out: The rate of students/lecturers is even higher than the average ratio in Hanoi and the whole country On quality of economics lecturers at public universities in Hanoi city measured according to evaluation criteria: The criteria for assessing the quality of economics lecturers are almost average and there is no uniformity among universities: Criteria for assessing Health: The rate of economics lecturers suffering from specific occupational diseases related to eyes, ears, nose, throat, lungs is still high, affecting the ability to work long term as well as quality performing professional tasks 17 Criteria for assessing Intelligence: Force of economics lecturers with Doctor, Professor and Associate Professor level qualifications are low compared to other countries in the region and around the world, in addition to distribution regularly, mostly concentrated in some of the top universities; And 6.5% of economics lecturers have not reached the standard of training (Master); A part of the lecturers, which are mostly young, weak and lack of professional experience and skills Criteria for evaluating Mind: The degree of attachment, dedication to the profession of a part of economics lecturers is not high, there are still negative phenomena in the teaching and research activities of economics lecturers Criteria for evaluating labor results: Quantity and quality of scientific research of economics lecturers at public universities in Hanoi city, expressed through the works published in journals domestic and international press are low The proportion of lecturers with more than announcements is only approximately 15% while about 20% of lecturers have no research works in 2017-2018; Nearly 10% of economics lecturers have not yet completed the teaching norms; About 10% of economics lecturers have not yet participated in providing social services The criteria for evaluating the satisfaction of stakeholders: The satisfaction level of universities, students and enterprises on the quality of economic faculty members is only average Skills in using foreign languages and information technology in the operation process, results of scientific research are still limited, slow to update knowledge, information 3.3.2.2 Reason Subjective reasons: Firstly, in the period of 2014 - 2018, due to limited resources, schools often focus on developing the number of economics lecturers, the issue of improving the quality of economics lecturers is not really concerned, invest Second, a number of human resources management activities to improve the quality of economics lecturers at public universities in Hanoi city are not synchronized, the effectiveness is still low Such as the construction and implementation of projects on job placement, lecturers evaluation, recruitment, training, retraining, policy for economics lecturers are low Thirdly, the coordination between public universities in Hanoi and between universities and businesses in implementing activities to improve the quality of economic faculty members has not yet been effective 18 Fourthly, the schools still lack the initiative in activities to improve the quality of economics lecturers Fifthly, the awareness of a part of economics lecturers on the importance of ensuring and improving the quality of economics lecturers is not high Objective reasons: Firstly, Vietnam's international integration process, together with the strong development of science and technology, imposes higher requirements on assurance and improvement of the quality of economic lecturers in the context of resources’ universities and lecturers are still limited Secondly, the system of legal documents and legal provisions related to the issue of quality of economics lecturers is still inconsistent and ineffective Thirdly, until now, there is no unified set of criteria for assessing the quality of economic lecturers CHAPTER SOLUTIONS TO IMPROVE THE QUALITY OF ECONOMICS LECTURERS AT PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES IN HANOI CITY 4.1 Background to 2025, vision to 2030 and issues for improving the quality of lecturers in economics at public universities in Hanoi city 4.1.1 Background to 2025, vision to 2030 4.1.1.1 The strong development of the Fourth Industrial Revolution The exponential growth rate of Industrial revolution 4.0 has created major changes in the way of manufacturing and manufacturing of people with intelligent factories that are automatically operated using robots instead of workers traditional In the period until 2025, with a vision to 2030, the development of many new technologies, especially information technology, will create fundamental changes in training models and teaching and learning methods of universities (the development of online open training with virtual universities and open online courses) Students in many countries in recent years have strongly shifted to studying science, technology, engineering and math to find opportunities to stay in developed countries However, in Vietnam today and forecasts for the following years, due to the lack of clear directions for development prospects in the near future, leading to the situation that the best students often choose business - management groups such as business administration, finance, banking, foreign trade Requirements on quantity and quality of the force of 19 economics lecturers at public universities in Hanoi city in particular so increased 4.1.1.2 University autonomy trend The general trend of university administration in the world period to 2025, vision to 2030 is to gradually shift to models with higher levels of autonomy, from state control to state supervision (state supervison), proceeding to the independent model In line with the common flow of universities in developed countries around the world, in Vietnam, for nearly a decade, the issue of university autonomy has changed dramatically From the higher education system as a big university, under the strict management of all aspects of the Ministry of Education and Training, some universities have gradually been given autonomy Many universities are accumulating extreme preparation of the necessary conditions to transition to autonomy in the period to 2025, vision to 2030 One of those conditions is the issue of improving the quality of economics lecturers 4.1.2 Issues raised for improving the quality of economics lecturers at public universities in Hanoi city Firstly, the public universities in Hanoi need to set goals to improve the quality of economics lecturers on the basis of development strategies for higher education up to 2025, with a vision 2030 in the Proposal for Improving the Quality of Higher Education in the Period 2019 - 2025 of January 15, 2019 of the Prime Minister Secondly, the activities of improving the quality of economic lecturers of public universities in Hanoi must be conducted on the basis of ensuring strict compliance with the provisions of relevant laws, with creative application according to the actual conditions of each universities Thirdly, to improve the quality of economics lecturers at public universities in Hanoi in the period to 2025, the vision to 2030 needs to focus on the level of foreign languages, information technology and some Necessary skills in a digital economy Fourthly, public universities in Hanoi city on the one hand must actively prepare necessary conditions to switch to autonomy, on the other hand, they must pay attention to well implementing the human resources management activities to attract, train, develop and retain talents, proactively respond to challenges in the first phase of transition to autonomy model 20 Fifthly, in order to achieve the goal of improving the quality of economic lecturers in the current difficult conditions, State Management Agencies, public universities in Hanoi city should be paid to living, raising incomes, investing more in building and improving the environment and working conditions for lecturers 4.2 Some solutions to improve the quality of lecturers in economics at public universities in Hanoi city 4.2.1 Improve the quality of lecturers’ scientific research Universities should continue to develop and perfect the Regulation on the lecturers’ scientific research activities, ensuring the balance between teaching and research activities, and creating an encouraging environment, reforming relevant administrative procedures, objectivity in evaluation and acceptance as well as appropriate ways to attract and increase funding for lecturers’ scientific research, promoting cooperation, international links, and association with enterprises in the scientific research activities 4.2.2 Improving the quality of training, retraining lecturers, associating training with use Universities should focus on strengthening and expanding international cooperation activities to serve the long-term sustainable development goals of the universities, and through international cooperation to train, foster and improve high quality of lecturers team, including economics lecturers 4.2.3 Enhancing cooperation and exchange of teaching and research experiences between lecturers at universities and enterprises Public universities in Hanoi need to diversify forms of association, cooperation among universities, with other universities in the country and internationally as well as between universities and Enterprises to improve the quality of lecturers 4.2.4 Implement satisfactory remuneration for lecturers, associate income with quality and efficiency of work performance Remuneration is an important factor to motivate to lecturers However, at present, the remuneration regime, including the salary for the lecturers is generally low compared to the job market, does not really encourage the lecturers to try to make efforts in the process of performing professional tasks The autonomous universities can refer to and apply the 3P salary payment method which is applied by many organizations and businesses to 21 the actual conditions of each universities, considering in relation to the salary policies of the State 4.2.5 Improving the quality of recruitment of economics lecturers Public universities in the city of Hanoi need to carry out well the work analysis activities and human resource planning as a basis to improve the quality of recruitment At the same time, it is necessary to strengthen marketing and PR activities for recruitment activities, apply scientific and technological advances in the recruitment process, build a satisfactory and competitive remuneration regime, but still comply with in accordance with the current provisions of law to attract high-quality human resources The role and proactive rights of faculties and subject groups need to be promoted in recruitment of lecturers 4.2.6 Innovating the management of lecturers in a flexible manner Within the current legal regulations on public officials and lecturers, universities, especially some universities that are still heavy on “administrative management”, need to minimize the way of administrative management in terms of time and increase strengthen the management of lecturers according to their work performance At the same time, strengthening the academic freedom of the lecturers, being more flexible and “open” in assessing and planning, appointing economics lecturers 4.2.7 Promote renewing university-oriented university governance In order to integrate with the trend of developing higher education in advanced countries in the region and around the world, Vietnamese higher education institutions must gradually create a new university management model suitable for Current practical conditions of the country in general and of each higher education institution in particular One direction that is currently concerned is the innovation of university governance towards business-oriented model This model has been encouraged by the State Management Agencies on Higher Education to gradually put into practice at public universities to ensure necessary conditions, reflected in the new points of Law amending and supplementing a number of articles of the Law on Higher Education and Education Law 2019 has just been passed 4.2.8 Strengthen propaganda to raise awareness and responsibility of lecturers in economics Improving the quality of economics lecturers at public universities in Hanoi city, ultimately, must come from the specific actions of each lecturers 22 Therefore, the enhancement of propaganda to raise awareness and responsibility of lecturers is very important and necessary 4.3 Some recommendations 4.3.1 Recommendations to the State Firstly, the State needs to create an environment and a legal corridor for the State Management Agencies on Education to have conditions to implement Education development plans and strategies in the coming time Secondly, to implement effectively the overall development strategy for higher education in the period of 2021 - 2030, the project to improve the quality of higher education in the period of 2019 - 2025 and the project to improve the capacity of the university staff, lecturers, managers of higher education institutions meet the requirements of radical and comprehensive renovation of education and training for the 2019-2030 period Thirdly, reform the salary mechanism and policies for lecturers towards increasing income, stabilizing and improving living standards Fourthly, strengthening the supervision and criticism of society in matters of education and training in general, issues of higher education and improving the quality of faculty in particular 4.3.2 Recommendations to the Ministry of Education & Training Firstly, build a specific roadmap, encourage universities to accelerate the progress of partial and full autonomy in accordance with the actual conditions of each universities, ensuring the requirements set out Secondly, there are mechanisms and policies to promote and improve the quality of lecturers' scientific research activities Thirdly, effectively implement the project of Improving the capacity of the teachers and managers of higher education institutions to meet the requirements of radical and comprehensive renovation of education and training for the period 2019 - 2030 Fourthly, continue researching, thereby proposing to the competent authorities the scheme of adjusting the salary policy for the teaching staff in general, economics lecturers at public universities in Hanoi city in particular Fifthly, to consider, research, build, put into use and perfect the set of criteria for evaluating the quality of economic sector candidates 23 CONCLUDE In the trend of globalization, international integration and the strong development of the fourth industrial revolution, the demand for high-quality human resources in key areas, including human resources economic sectors of nations are becoming increasingly urgent The issue of improving the quality of economics lecturers who are receiving much attention of the whole society also comes from that meaning Hanoi is home to many large and reputable public universities throughout the country, most of which have been performing the task of training human resources in economic sectors for society Public universities in Hanoi city have paid attention to and created conditions for economics lecturers to improve their qualifications, knowledge and skills for a longterm sustainable development long-strategy But the reality shows that these actions and solutions are not synchronized, lack of close coordination between the parties concerned, so have not achieved the desired effect Quality of economics lecturers at public universities in Hanoi city basically only meet the average level of practical requirements The thesis “Improving the quality of economics lecturers at public universities in Hanoi city” has achieved the following objectives: Firstly, the thesis has systematized, clarified and developed the theoretical basis of economics lecturers quality from the perspective of human resources management Secondly, The thesis has studied the experience of a number of public universities in the country and internationally, with the similar success in improving the quality of economics lecturers, thereby drawing useful lessons for public university in Hanoi city Thirdly, the thesis has studied, surveyed, analyzed and assessed the status of quality of economics lecturers according to groups of quality criteria: (i) groups of criteria to evaluate work ability, (ii) ) group of criteria for evaluating labor results and the level of meeting the requirements of stakeholders Fourthly, the dissertation has proposed eight solutions to improve the quality of economics lecturers at public universities in Hanoi in the period to 2025, vision to 2030 Graduate student believes that with the results obtained, the thesis “Improving the quality of economics lecturers at public universities in Hanoi 24 city” is significant in both theory and practice The thesis is also the basis, scientific suggestions for the State Management Agencies on Higher Education, universities and lecturers team to refer and apply in the process of performing professional tasks Despite great efforts throughout the research and implementation process, the thesis still has certain limitations and shortcomings Some theoretical issues have not been clarified or explained thoroughly in the thesis due to limited information as well as professional qualifications and time of research Some data to prove the thesis's assessments are not regularly updated, so the statistical indicators in the thesis only reflect the reality in a relative extent and in terms of certain aspects In addition, due to limited resources, the thesis mainly researches and surveys at public universities in Hanoi, so the generalization may not be high, it may not show characteristics each universities's own affects the quality of economics lecturers The assessments from enterprises - beneficiaries of training products of economics lecturers are few and certainly not convincing are also limited, partly affecting the comprehensiveness of the thesis In the coming time, in order to overcome the above limitations and complete our research, graduate student will continue to conduct research in a number of directions: (i) research to clarify and deepen some theoretical issues related to quality of economics lecturers; (ii) expanding the scope of research, not only stopping at the block of public universities and Hanoi city; (iii) further research on quality of economics lecturers through assessments from enterprises - employers; and (iv) studying and measuring the relationship between quality of economics lecturers and the quality of training human resources in economics in universities ... environment, working conditions, ensuring life, increasing income in order to attract and improve the quality of lecturers Secondly, attention should be paid to strengthening the cohesion with enterprises... Associate Professor tend to increase Most economics lecturers are committed to their careers, aware of their positive working attitudes and high sense of responsibility Over 90% of economics lecturers... to switch to autonomy, on the other hand, they must pay attention to well implementing the human resources management activities to attract, train, develop and retain talents, proactively respond