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1 MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING THUONGMAI UNIVERSITY - Nguyen Thi Thanh Huyen DEVELOPING THE SUPPLY CHAIN MODEL ACORDING TO THE APPROACH TO IMPROVE THE VALUE-ADDED FOR VEGETABALES AND FRUITS IN HANOI ” Specialty: Bussiness Commerce Code: 62340121 Econnomics PhD Dissertation Summary Hanoi, 2020 Dissertation completion at: Thuongmai University Scientific Promoters: The first Promoter: Associate Professor.Dr Nguyen Van Minh The second Promoter: Associate Professor.Dr Nguyen Tien Dung 1st Reader: Associate Professor.Dr Nguyen Xuan Quang 2nd Reader: Associate Professor.Dr Dao Thi Minh Thanh 3rd Reader: Associate Professor.Dr Nguyen Thanh Binh The dissertation will be presented in front of PhD Committee at Thuongmai University At AM/PM / /2020 To be able to search the dissertation at: The National Library, Library at Thuongmai University INTRODUCTION The need of the research In recent years, Vietnam's fruit and vegetable industry has proved an extremely important role in the economy when it satisfies the increasing desire of domestic consumers and increasing export turnover from the foreign markets In theory and practice, in the world, there have been studies on supply chains, fruits and vegetables value chains in Vietnam Many studies have quantified the value-added, but they have not shown clearly the relationship between value-added and the chain models and the still have a lot of obstacle in developing of the chain models In Hanoi, researches have been implemented to focus on solving difficulties for weak stages or to concentrate on improving technical qualifications and raising awareness for people; but not being able to set up a synchronized solution system to improve the value-added for the chains in the area Currently, in Hanoi, there are many chain models operating together, but the ways of finding and distributing value-added are different The value-added approach of the vegetables and fruids supply chain model is considered as a positive direction and ensures a longterm business for all chain’s members and above all consumers However, development of chain is still a problem: (1) Chain is messy; (2) Chain link is still loose; (3) Controlling the chain is limited; Confronting with this challenge requires them acting to change in the market economy thinking The current questions for fruit and vegetable supply chain in Hanoi are: How can fruit and vegetable supply chain models have long-term, stable and high value-added links? Which chain model should be prioritized for development that suitable with the Hanoi’s characteristics? Stemming from the above reasons, the PhD student decided to study the disertation: "Developing the supply chain model according to the approach to improve the value-added for vegetables and fruits in Hanoi" Research bjective To propose solutions to develop the supply chain model according to the approach to improve the value-added for vegetables and fruits in Hanoi based on assessing the status of the fruit and vegetable supply chain models in the area Research Subject The main research subjects of the dissertation are the theoretical and practical issues about the supply chain and the development of a fresh fruit and vegetable supply chain model according to the valueadded approach in a locality (province or city) of a country The approach of the dissertation is sustainable value-added, high-tech and green agricultural development Research scope The PhD student focuses on the theory and practice to enhance the value-added for supply chain models for fresh/ preliminary processing vegetables and fruits Data has collected in the period 2014-2018 The suggested period to apply the orientated solutions is from now to 2030 The dissertation focuses on researching the fresh fruit and vegetable supply chain for the domestic market in Hanoi Research methodology The PhD research has used serveral methods: investigation and survey methods (chapter 2); expert method (chapters 1, 2, 3); inheritance methods (chapters 1, 2, 3); analytical methods (descriptive statistics, supply chain analysis, value-added analysis, data analysis by using SPSS.20 software) (chapters 1, 2, 3); New contributions of the dissertation (1) The PhD research has more revealed the theoretical problems to develop the model of supply chain according to improve the value-added for vegetables and fruits Then, the dissertation applied policy orientations and theoretical development point of views to study the actual situation of developing the supply chain of vegetables and fruits in Hanoi (2) The PhD research has studied the experience in developing models of fruit and vegetable supply chains according to value-added approach in Thailand, Malaysia, Australia and some localities in Vietnam Then, the dissertation drawed some lessons for Hanoi; (3) The PhD research has applied the methods of exploratory factor analysis, chain analysis in quantitative research, expert methods and combining other research methods to assess the existing conditions of fruit and vegetable supply chain models in Hanoi until 2018; (4) The PhD research provided some forecasts for the vegetables and fruist market in Hanoi from now to 2030 serving as bases to propose policies and implementation solutions (5) The PhD research proposed to develop models for fruit and vegetable supply chain according to value-added approach and feasible implementation solutions Structure of the disertation In addition to the introduction, conclusion, table of contents, lists of abbreviations, lists of tables and charts, references and annexes, the dissertation is structured into three chapters as follows: Chapter 1: The theoretical basses of supply chain and value-added in the supply chain of agricultural products Chapter 2: Current situation of the supply chain model according to the value-added approach for vegetables and fruits in Hanoi Chapter 3: Proposing models and development solutions for supply chain according to the approach to improve the value-added for vegetables and fruits in Hanoi CHAPTER 1: THEORITICAL BASES OF THE SUPPLY CHAIN AND VALUE-ADDED IN THE SUPPLY CHAIN OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS 1.1 An overview of the supply chain and the development of supply chain models according to the value-added approach Through systematization of basic concepts: Supply chain, model and development The author builds the next concept: The concept of supply chain model: "Supply chain model is the structure, the internal form of an organization, is the arrangement of members and the connection between these members Expression of the supply chain model is diagrams, images indicating the connection and activities of the members in the chain Structure of supply chain reflects the length and width of the chain; the members participate in the chain and the connection between the members” The concept of developing the supply chain model: "Developing the supply chain model is the process of changing, promoting, improving the number and functions of the members, the quality of the connections between the members in the supply chain The result orients to improve and complete the existing supply chain model and/or builds new supply chain models that meet the goal of maximizing value for the entire supply chain” Classification of supply chain models Supply chain model according to participants (simple supply chain and extended supply chain) Chain model has many members performing different functions, including suppliers, manufacturers, distribution intermediaries and service providers Vertical supply chain model: The vertical structure of the chain reflects the number of levels along the chain length Horizontal supply chain model: The horizontal structure reflects the number and type of members at each connecting level Develop supply chain model according to the value-added approach Definition of value chain: In a broad sense, Value Chain is a collection of activities carried out by different individuals and units working together (input suppliers, collectors, processors, companies, wholesales, retailers, ) to turn a raw material and move it in according to the links with other enterprises in business, assembly, processing, etc then sell products to consumers who are domestic or international one (Kaplinsky and Morris, 2012) Definition of value-added: value-added is a general economic indicator reflecting the value of newly created goods and services of economic activities in a certain period Value-added is a part of the production value, the difference between the production value and the intermediate cost Value-added is a measure of prosperity created in the value chain (GTZ, 2007) Classification of value chain models: (1) Value chain model of agricultural products managed by producers: This is a chain developed and managed by producers themselves (2) Value chain model of agricultural products managed by retailers (3) Value chain model of agricultural products managed by suppliers 1.2 Developing supply chain model according to the approach to improve the value-added for vegetables and fruits To Develop the supply chain models according to improve the value-added of vegetables and fruits are implemented in three directions: Firstly, concentrate on improving and perfect the existing fruit and vegetable supply chain model: Each member properly performs one of their function and task and focuses on improving the production processes (towards meeting the VietGap, EuroGap, GlobalGap standards, , quickly apply traceability for fruits and vegetables); innovating products; developing Brands, guaranteeing the food hygiene and safety, and innovating marketing, Secondly, establishing additional functions for members in the existing fruits and vegetables supply chain: To enhance the value-added through changing the activity combination of members in the fruits and vegetables supply chain The fact that producers increase their functions at the marketing, distribution or R&D to increase the value-added On the other hand, if members implementing marketing and distribution stages with strong financial potential are supplemented with investment functions, raw material supply or cultivation, it will help to increase the valueadded for whole chain Small scale producers Producer (proups and cooperatives) Collectors, wholesalers No contract Retailers Develop a chain model Contract Wholesalers Contract Additonal functons No contract Retailers Figure 1.12 Developing existing fruit and vegetable supply chain model by establishing additional functions and increasing linkages of chain members Thirdly, to design and build a complete new fruits and vegetables supply chain: to change the whole product, process, function and operation mechanism of chain This is a highly developed chain and promises to bring the highest value-added in the studied and developed models 10 Small scale producers No contract Collectors, wholesalers No contract Retailers Association of fruit and vegetable producers Contract Develop a chain model Wholesaler enterprises, Export enterprises Contract Retailers Figure 1.13 Develop for fruit and vegetable supply chain model through new construction design 1.3 Factors affects to the development of supply chain model according to the value-added approach for producs of fruits and vegetables Internal factors: Quality of provided input resources; Technical level of producers; Technology in product processing and preservation; Members and quality of members’ links in the supply chain; Mechanism of policy implementation, organization operating in the chain External factors: Market factors; Policies The degree of influence of these factors on the development of supply chain model according to the valueadded approach for vegetables and fruits’ products in the studied area is shown in chapter of the dissertation 1.4 Lessons learned for developing supply chain models according to the approach to improve the value-added for vegetables and fruits’ products and lessons learned for Hanoi From studying the experience for developing some fruit and vegetable supply chains according to the approach to improve the value-added in Thailand, Malaysia, 10 22 chain model by SWOT matrix These were important fundamentals to propose optimized model for supply chain development in Hanoi 3.2 Bases for proposing models of supply chain according to the approach to improve the valueadded for fruit and vegetable products in Hanoi 3.2.1 Forcasting the fruit and vegetable market in Hanoi Fruit and vegetable supply system for Hanoi market Presently, market demand for fruit and vegetable is about 1,000,000 tons for each type per year While the supply capacity of producers in Hanoi area only meets about 60% of vegetabe demand and nearly 20% of fruit demand, the remainder is imported from other provinces in the north-east area and the Red River Delta, … and imported form other countries (according to Hanoi Department of Agriculture and Rural Development, 2018) Therefore, in the future, satisfaction and dominance of suppliers located in Hanoi will be more difficult Fruit and vegetable distribution network in Hanoi market Existing fruit and vegetable distribution network in Hanoi market are: (1) Wholesale, traditional and local market system; (2) modern distribution system (mega supermarket, supermarket chain and convenience store… and (3) Logistics system supports distribution On June 26, 2015, the Ministry of Industry and Trade approved the master plan for market network development nationwide until 2025, vision to 2035 in Decision No 6481 / QD-BCT Accordingly, the Hanoi market network was planned complehensively and synchrounously End of 2017, Hanoi People’s Committee, Hanoi Department of Agriculture and Rural Development has put into operation an electronic 22 23 information system for safe agricultural product traceability Therefore, the technical infrastructure is very convenient for chain development 3.2.2 Policies of production development - trading fruits and vegetables of Hanoi city to 2020, vision to 2030 Resolution of the city (1) Resolution 25/2013/NQ-HDND dated December 4, 2013 of Hanoi People's Council on policies to encourage the development of specialized agricultural production concentrated areas in Hanoi in the period of 2014-2020 (2) Resolution 03/2015/NQ-HDND dated July 8, 2015 of Hanoi People's Council on several policies to implement the program of agricultural development applied high-tech in Hanoi in the period of 2016-2020 Socio-economic development strategy (1) Decision No 1081/QD-TTg dated July 6, 2011 of the Prime Minister approving the socio-economic development master plan for Hanoi to 2020 and vision to 2030 (2) Decision No 6481/QD-BCT dated June 26, 2015 approving the master plan for market nationwide network development until 2025, vision to 2035 Rural and agricultural development strategy (1) Decision No 17/2012/QD-UBND dated July 9, 2012 of Hanoi People's Committee on approving the Agriculture Development Plan for Hanoi to 2020 and orientation to 2030 (2) Decision No 575/2015/QD-TTg dated May 4, 2015 of the Prime Minister on approving the master plan for agricultural zones and areas applying high technology to 2020, orientations to 2030 3.3 Opinions and objective to develop the supply chain model according to the approach to 23 24 - - improve the value-added for vegetable and fruit products in Hanoi Unifying viewpoints and objectives towards development the supply chain model according to the approach to improve the value-added are: (1) to complete the mechanism and policies, basing for effective organization operating of fruit and vegetable chains in Hanoi; (2) to establish successfully close, sustainable and development cooperation; (3) to ensure sustainable, long-term and stable livelihood for all members participating in the chain; (4) to ensure equaly, fairness, risk and benefit sharing mechanism between members involving in the chain (5) to build brand, quality control and traceablility of production origin Demands for development of supply chain model according to the approach to improve the value-added for fruit and vegetable products in Hanoi: Every chain requires a close and sustainable connection of members via contracts It is imperative to have chain leader Chain development has to synchronously and unified implement from urban to rural areas Development of supply chain model according to the approach to improve the value-added for fruit and vegetable products in Hanoi basically meets maximum demands of the market Members of chain completely keep the quality product and maintenance, food safety, branch, kind, packing … for fruit and vegetable product Policy Synchronizes and unifies whole process of chain development Strengthening the multilateral monitor mechanism 24 25 - Strengthening the technical and information technology application in every stage 3.4 Progosing models and development solutions for supply chain according to the approach to improve the value-added for fruit and vegetable products in Hanoi 3.4.1 Developing the fruit and vegetable supply chain led and coordinated by retailers Principals of chain buiding and operating: Based on legality, organization and efficiency Legality: Mechanism of chain operation adopts contract signed by members Chain operates under the the patronage and supervision of the synchronous policy system, departments and localities Fruit and vegetable traceability is a mandatory requirement All violations will be punished strictly Organization: This chain is organized throughout all stages Its structure is built tightly, members connect consentaneously, sharing both risks and benefits, monitoring and market research mechanisms Efficiency: Clear and effectiveness of chain proposed by showing the lower costs, higher incomes, less risk sharing than chains having many intermediaries 25 26 Social and market demands Contract Producers Prestigiuos retailers Consumers Contract Restaurants, hotels, collective kitchens, schools, hospitals… Fresh vegetable, preliminary Labeling, processing, packaging, packaging storage, preservation, Preservation, shipping and use, delivery market information provide Diverse products – Quality – Safe – Convinience – Resonable cost Techical Environment – Production Level – Management and Operation Capacity couragment Station, Plant Protection Station, United Bank,Rural Cooperation, Technology, Development logistics Cooprative Department Fruit Alliance, and Vegetable Fruit andResearch Vegetable Institute, Association… Business Association… Firuge Proposing the fruit and vegetable supply chain model led and coordinated by retailers Mornitor system of chain This system is extremely important to ensure fruits and vegetables having good quality and achive food safety and hygiene, including a series of barriers: Internal monitoring system; Cross-monitoring system in united cooperations, cooperative alliances and fruit and vegetable associations in localities; Monitor system of local organizations and departments; Retailers’ independent monitor system This monitor barrier system ensures that fruits and vegetables come to customers with good quality and safety 26 27 In addition to mornitor barriers, chain development needs to establish tightly including horizontal, vertical and multilateral links (four-home or five-home) 3.4.2 Developing supply chain model through wholesale markets controlled by specialized agencies 27 28 Social and market demands Consumers Farmers, cooperation, teams, production groups Wholesalers at wholesale Retailersmarket at markets/ chợ/street-shops Collectors Transport Preservation, Transport Fresh fruits and vegetable, preliminaryColection, processing, Preservation, consumtio, marketing Use, Provide market information Testing Prosess Testing Equitpment Personel Test Testing Methods Testing system at Wholesale Market Fruit and vegetable testing center Testing standards d Safety Mangagement teams, Market Management Boards, District Health Departments, Industry and commerce Department) Management Board unifies the food safety in the whole Hanoi Diverse Products – Quality – Safety– Convenience – Logical Expenditure Techical Environment – Production Level – Management and Operation Capacity United Bank, Technology, Cooperation, logistics CooprativeFruit Alliance, and Vegetable Fruit and Research VegetableInstitute, Association… Business Associati tural encouragment Station, Plant Protection Station, Rural Development Figure Proposing the fruit and vegetable supply chain model through wholesale markets controlled by specialized agencies 28 29 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) Regulations on activities of Hanoi food safety management board Hanoi food safety management board will be a ageny belonging Hanoi People’s Committee and has the duty to organze the enforcement of food safety and hygiene laws in Hanoi Establishing and strengthening the inspection system, testing technical barriers as well as building clean food systems by continuing to improve the efficiency of safe food chains Applying food traceability solutions, as well as developing safe food business models Reforming the Administration in licensing to reduce troubles for the citizens and facilitate for enterprises; Promoting communication and raising awareness on food safety for every citizen Advising the People’s Committee on policies related to management, administration and mornitor in food safety; Proposing the city about the effective management solutions: full investment, modernizing warehouse system, cold warehouses and auxiliary service areas Connetion between members in the chain With the proposal for this chain, City Food Safety Board needs to perfect the mechanism so that farmers and consumers can have an official voice without being led by traders There is a need of a specialized team to ensure consumer benefits Wanting the market system to develop and collect high value-added, it is necessary to promote investment activities, to link with enterprises, scientists aiming to transform markets in a modern 29 30 way, with full of (cold) warehouses and auxiliary service areas 3.4.3 Sollutions for development supporting supply chain model according to approach to improve the value-added for fruit and vegetable products in Hanoi Proposing to develop two models of fruit and vegetable suppy chain needs some sub-solutions to get good results as bellow: - Strenghthening and completing the governmental mechanism and policies - Strengthening the implementation of commitments and quality control and food safety - Strenghthening and completing horizontal-vertical links, integration in supply chain of retailers - Synchornous investing and modernizing the infrastructural system of chain as well as production technology, processing and distribution 3.5 Suggestions Suggestions to the Government and Ministries and Agencies To develop chains, which have high value-added, requires a huge investment, great attention of Government and functional Ministries Therefore, the PhD student has some suggestions bellow: - Promulgating a policy system synchronized from the center to the local about the chain connection, market/mega supermarket/supermarket/production distribution shop management -Promulgating sets of behavior rules in production, business and consumption of agricultural products and strengthening the deterrence in relevant laws -There are clear support and promotion mechanisms for finance, technology, four/five-home connection for fruit and vegetable industry 30 31 -Strengthening implementation of continuos mornitor activities of the market management department to fruit and vegetable industry -Propagandizing, mobilizing, educating citisens’ consciousness and awareness about safe fruits and vegetables consumption -Promoting the implementation of high-tech fruit and vegetable production areas and zones approved by the Prime Minister Suggestions to Hanoi People’s Committee For Hanoi People’s Committee, it is nessessary to complete immediately the policy framework about supply chain development and value chain for fruit and vegetable production industry; and to establish quikly Food Safety Management Board for Hanoi that has specific, clear and strict mechanisms Suggestions to the functional departments At the same time, functional departments need to have close and synchronous coordination when doing the works, organizeing fast and strict implementation of policies related to agriculture in general, and fruit and vegitable industry in particular CONCLUSIONS In recent years, in Hanoi, the fruit and vegetable industry has provided a large supply of goods to the citizens With millions of tons of goods supplied each year, fruit and vegetable chains have performed well their mission with various methods, models and scales From traditional to modern chains, there have been positive changes in order to satisfy the needs of the market as much as possible Until now, there are still over 80% of consumers of vegetables and fruits on traditional channels using the models of markets, mobility sellers or informal small markets However, it remains many worries about quality, food safety, prices and beliefs This requires a change in orientation, implementation and reorganization of 31 32 chains to suit living conditions and new requirements for quality safety standards With the presenting of five chain models in Hanoi market, the supply chain model led and coordinated by retailers shows many optimal features that all the members in the market are looking for They are: benefits are shared, quality begins to be concerned, control easily, it is convenient in organizing the operation of chain, suitable prise… Espcially, this model has been proven the practical relevance to many cities in the developing countries around the world such as: Thailand, Malaysia, India… Therefore, choosing this model to develop has many prospects and successes However, it should also emphasize that the operation organization, control and development of chain base much on the level, capacity, passion and morality of the enterprises leading the chain Therefore, In addition to have a strong and sufficient deterrence legal framework, the Government needs to have activities and programs to change social awareness, promote passion and business ethics for enterprises and members involved in chains It is the same what VinEco is doing That will be a premise for Hanoi to get clean chains and succeed in finding values and sconsumers’ beliefs Achievements of the PhD research: Experiencing the elaborate and serious study, The PhD student has done fully the research content as bellow: (1) Current situation fruit and vegetable supply chain models in Hanoi: through qualitative analysis results, currently, Hanoi has the following chain models: Chain is organized by members involved, chain is led and coordinated by wholesalers, chain is led and coordinated 32 33 by the retailer, closing chain, and sharing chain ShareFarm For each of the above chain, the PhD student analyzes and evaluates on the following aspects: Chain diagram, members, linkages and value-added in each chain (2) Establishing and conducting to check the model of the factors affecting to develop supply chain model according to the approach to improve the value-added for fruit and vegetable prodcuts in Hanoi including 10 factor groups with 44 observed variables: quality standards (6 variables), processing (3 variables), technology (3 variables), infrastructure (5 variables), connection (4 variables), Government (7 variables), support (5 variables), enterprise (6 variables) and association (5 variables) (3) Through the multivariate regression model on SPSS.20 solfware, the dissertation determines the influence of each factor on the development of the supply chain model, the order of influence of the following factors: Government – quality standards – enterprise leads chain – support – connection – association – technology - infrastructure The most impact factors are government and quality standards This reflects quite accurately the reality of the fruit and vegetable industry when policies of enforcement and control are not synchronous and not deterrent to violations that have been existed for many years Quality standards are also a major barrier to branding, consumer confidence and establishing sustainable chains (4) Through practice revew and SWOT evaluation about the fruit and vegetable supply chain modesl in Hanoi and experience in developing chain in cities in serveral countries having similarities such as Thailand, Malaysia, India; combining with the results of quantitative analysis above, the PhD student proposed 33 34 some models of fruit and vegetable supply chain for Hanoi (5) The PhD student proposed two supply chain models to develop, they are: (1) fruit and vegetable supply chain model led and coordinated by retailers; (2) fruit and vegetable supply chain model through wholesale markets controlled by specialized agencies (6) Proposing some sullutions to develop the supply chain model according to the approach to improve the value-added for fruit and vegetable products in Hanoi To develop this chain model, the PhD student proposed some groups of sollutions directing at the following basic focus: To strengthen the role of the Government in developing chain To strengthen implementation of commitments and quality and food safety control to increase the values of benefits and beliefs for members in chain and the whole society To enhance the role and position of enterprise leading the chain, expressed in the direction, operation organization and implementation of the value for chain To strengthen and complete the horizontalvertical links and integration in the supply chain lead and coordinated by the retailers to increase sustainability, safety and efficiency for chain To invest synchoronously and modernize for infrastructure system and production technology, processing and distribution to enhance the quality and value-added for products and chains Restrictions of the PhD research and the next research orientations 34 35 During the whole research process, although very serious and hard working, the PhD student is well aware of the restrictions in the dissertation: Firstly, the author has chose two products only (grapefruit in Que Duong and tomatoe) tobe subjects for representative study, therefor the quantitive results might be still unilateral and controversial Secondly, study areas are far from home, the investigating times are usually in the daytime, during the office hours; so it is not complete suitable with the time of farmers, business household at wholesale markets … This makes it difficult to get information from these subjects and accuracy level is limited Thirdly, due to limitation of resources and funding, the research has not surveyed all retailers in the Hanoi This makes the reflection and assessment of retailers' wishes may be not really complete In the next researches, it can continue to survey more representative subjects and search more factors impacting to develop fruit and vegetable supply chain models to complete model and propose more comprehensive and complete solutions Further future, the author would like to research and develop the fruit and vegetable supply chain models in several localities in the whole Vietnam LIST OF PUBLICATION RELATED TO RESULTS OF THE PHD RESEARCH Nguyen Thi Thanh Huyen (2016), “Challenges to commercialization of Vietnam's fruit and vegetable industry when participating in TPP”, Industry and Trade Magazine, Vol 2, 2/2016, pp: 56-61 Nguyen Thi Thanh Huyen (2016), “Enhancing the value-added of fruit and vegetable productions in Vietnam”, Journal of forestry science and techonology, Vol 4/2016, pp: 124-132 35 36 Nguyen Thi Thanh Huyen, Bui Thi Minh Nguyet (2017), “Solutions for increasing value added to fruits and vegetables supply chain in HaNoi in the context of international economic integration”, International Conference Proceddings – VietNam economic science association of agriculture and rural development, pp:170-195 Nguyen Thi Thanh Huyen (2017), “Proposing some solutions to solve difficulties and exist in developing safe vegetable production in Hanoi”, Industry and Trade Magazine, Vol 7, 6/2017, pp: 296-301 Nguyen Thi Thanh Huyen, Nguyen Thi Xuan Huong (2017), “Improving safe fruits and vegetables (SF&V) supply chain in Ha Noi”, Journal of forestry science and technology, No.5/2017, pp: 186-196 Nguyen Thi Thanh Huyen (2018), “International experience in developing fruit and vegetable supply chains - Lessons learned for Vietnam”, Vietnam Journal for Indian and Asian Studies, Vol 8(69)/2018, pp: 4754 36 ... Reader: Associate Professor.Dr Dao Thi Minh Thanh 3rd Reader: Associate Professor.Dr Nguyen Thanh Binh The dissertation will be presented in front of PhD Committee at Thuongmai University At AM/PM... revealed the theoretical problems to develop the model of supply chain according to improve the value-added for vegetables and fruits Then, the dissertation applied policy orientations and theoretical... July 9, 2012 of Hanoi People's Committee on approving the Agriculture Development Plan for Hanoi to 2020 and orientation to 2030 (2) Decision No 575/2015/QD-TTg dated May 4, 2015 of the Prime
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