Teacher : T T K O CÁC CẤU TRÚC TƯƠNG ĐƯƠNG 1. 1. Whose + N + be + Pronoun? ( C¸i nµy cña ai? ) 2. Who + do/ does + N + belong to? (C¸i . nµy thuéc cña ai? ) Ex: Whose cars are these? Who do these cars belong to? 2. 1. S(person) + spend(any tense) + time + V ing + O (Ai dùng bao nhiªu thêi gian lµm g×). 2. It + take( any tense) + Obj (person) + time + To + Vo. (Ai mÊt bao nhiªu thêi gian ®Ó lµm g×). 3. S + V(any tense) + …. + in + time ( Ai lµm viÖc g× trong bao nhiªu thêi gian) Ex: He spent 2 hours doing his homework. It took him 2 hours to do his homework He did his HW in 2 hours 3. 1. S1 + V + because/ since/ as + S2 + V Main clause adverb clause of reason 2. S + V(any tense) + …+ because of + N/ N(phrase) . (Ai ®ã lµm sao bëi v× .) 3. N/N(phrase) + make( any tense) + Obj(person) + Vo / adj (C¸i g× lµm cho ai ®ã lµm sao ®ã ). Ex 1 : We didn’t go to Vung Tau because the weather was bad. clause →We didn’t go to Vung Tau because of the bad weather. Ex 2 : They laughed because of the clowns. N- pharse →The clowns made them laugh. 4. 1. This is the first time + S +have/has + ever + V3/ed + …. (§©y lµ lÇn ®Çu tiªn … tõng lµm viÖc g×). 2. S + have/ has + never + V3/ed + …. + before. (Ai cha tõng lµm viÖc g× tríc ®ã). Ex: This is the first time I have ever visited Ha Long bay I have never visited Ha Long before 5. 1. When + did + S + V + …? (S lµm c¸i g× ®ã vµo khi nµo ) 2. How long + have/has + S + V3/ed…? + have/has + S + been + V-ing + …? Ex: When did you study English ? → How long have you studied English? 1 Teacher : T T K O 6. 1. S(person) + find(any tense)+ N/ Obj + adj (ing) (Ai nhận thấy cái gì ra sao) 2. S (person) + be + adj(ed) + prep + N/Obj. Ex: I found the book interesting. I was interested in the book Adj(ing) Adj(ed) + prep boring interesting amusing amazing tiring surprising annoying bored with interested in amused at amazed at tired of surprised at annoyed at 7. 1. S + last / first + V2/ed + adv of time (S lần đầu, lần cuối làm cái gì). 2. The last / first time + S + V2/ed + be + Adv of time (S lần cuối/đầu làm gì là từ khi ) 3. S + havent /hasnt + V3/ed + since / for + adv of time ( S cha từng làm gì từ / khoảng ) 4. It + be + adv of time + since + S + last / first + V2/ed Ex: I last saw Nam 2 years ago I havent seen Nam for 2 years 8. 1. It is + time + since + S + last + V2/ed . (Đã đợc bao nhiêu thời gian kể từ lần cuối S làm việc gì) 2. S + (have/has) + not + V3/ed + for + time ( S Cha làm gì từ/ khoảng ) Ex: It was 2 years since I last saw him I havent seen him for 2 years 9 1. S + take care of(any tense) + N/ V-ing + 2. S + look after (any tense) + N/ V-ing + Ex: Can you take care of my house? Can you look after my house? 10 1. S + enjoy/ like + N/ V-ing + than + N/V-ing 2. S + would rather + Vo .+ than + Vo 3. S + prefer + N/V-ing + + to + N/ V-ing +. 2 Teacher : T T K O 11 1. S1 + aux V + not + allow + Obj (person) + to Vo + ( S1 kh«ng cho phÐp ai lµm g× ) 2. S1 + prevent (any tense) + Obj (person) + from + V-ing … ( S1 ng¨n cÊm ai lµm viÖc g×) Ex: They don’t allow the students to smoke here They prevent the students from smoking here 12 Vay, mîn ai 1. S + borrow + Obj(person) + Obj(thing) 2. S + lend + Obj(person) + Obj(thing) Ex: Nam borrowed me money I lent Nam money 13 Hµo høng mong ®îi lµm viÖc g× ®ã 1. S + look forward to + V-ing + … 2. S+ be + excited (at, about) + V-ing … 3. S + long to + Vo … Ex: We are very excited about meeting Lan We look forward to meeting Lan 14 1. S + be + the + (adj + est / most + adj) + N+ S + have/ has ever + V3/ed 2. S + have/has + never + V3/ed + such + (a/an) + adj + N + before. Ex: This is the biggest house I have ever seen. I have never seen such a big house before. 15 1. After+ S + had+ V3/ed …, S + V2/ed… 2. Before + S + V2/ed…, + S +had +V3/ed… Ex: Before I had finished my home work, I went to bed After I went to bed, I had finished my home work 16 1. S(N) + V + so + adj / adv + that + S + V … 2. Pron (it/they) + V + such (a/an) + adj + N + that + S + V Ex: He drives so carelessly that he often has accidents. He is such a careless driver that he often has acccidents. 3 Teacher : T T K O 17. 1. S + V(-) + adj / adv + enough + to + Vo … 2. S + V(+) + too + adj / adv( tr¸i nghÜa ) + to + Vo… Ex: The table is not light enough for me to lift . The table is too heavy for me to lift S + V + adj/adv + enough +( For + O) + to + Vo Ex 1 : The film was interesting. We saw it twice. The film was interesting enough for us to see it twice Ex 2 : He is very tall. He can reach the shelf. He is strong enough to reach the shelf. 18. S + V + too + adj/adv + (for + O) + to + Vo … Ex 1 : He is very ill. He can’t go to school He is too ill to go to school Ex 2 : He drives very slowly. He can’t reach the finish He drives too slowly to reach the finish 19 S + V … in order (not) to / so as (not) to + Vo… (Nh»m ®Ó) S + V + so that + clause (S+ V) 20 Adj and adv of manner/ V and N of job. S + V(present) + +Adv of manner S + be + a/an + Adj + N(Job) Ex: He drive s carefully He is a careful drive r Adj Adv of manner Verb Noun of job good bad careless hard fast late early soon noisy different well badly carelessly hard fast late early soon noisily differently work saw invent teach cook sing play drive speak run worker sawyer inventor teacher cook singer player driver speaker runner 4 Teacher : T T K O 21 1. How + adj (träng lîng, kÝch cì) + be + S (N/ Pro)? 2. What + be + one’s + N(träng lîng, kÝch cì) ? Ex: How tall are you? What is your height? Adj Noun tall/ high big/small long/short deep thin thick wide/narrow old height size length depth thinness thickness width age 22 Nªn / kh«ng nªn 1. S + should(not ) + Vo… 2. S + had better( not ) + Vo… 23 1. S + don’t / doesn’t + Vo + … any more 2. S + used to + Vo … 3. S + stop + Ving … 4. S + no longer + V … 5. S + V + … + any longer. 6. S + give up + V-ing … Ex: She doesn’t smoke any more She used to smoke 24 Let’s + Vo… Let’s not + Vo Let + O ( me, her, them, Nam ) + Vo … S + let / don’t let + O (person) + Vo… 25 1. S + have(any tense) + O (person) + Vo + O (thing) →S + have(any tense) + O (thing) + V3/ed …+ by + O(person) 1. S + get (any tense) + O(person) + to + Vo + O(thing) → S + get (any tense) + O(thing) + V3/ed + by + O (person) Ex 1 :I will have Nam repair my bike I will have my bike repair ed by Nam Ex 2 : He got someone to clean the door 5 Teacher : T T K O He got the door clean ed by someone 26 1. Is this + OK / alright + If I + Vo… ? 2. Would it be + OK / alright + if I + V2/ed… ? 3. Do you mind if I + Vo …? 4. Would you mind if I + V2/ed … ? 5. Do/would you mind+ me/my + Ving ? Ex: Is this alright / ok if I borrow your pen? Do you mind if I borrow your pen? Would you mind if I borrowed your pen? 27 1. Do/ Would you mind + V- ing ….? 2. Can / could / will / would you + Vo… for me? Ex: Do you mind opening the door? Can you open the door for me? 28 S + V + not only + (adj/adv/Noun) + but also + (adj/ adv/ Noun) 29 S1 + V + the same + N + as + S2(N) S1/N1 + be + different from + S2/ N2 30 1. S1/N1 + V + adj /adv(so s¸nh h¬n ) + than + S2/ N2 2. S2/ N2+ (aux V + not) + as / so + adj/adv + as + S1/N1 Ex: She is taller than her sister. Her sister is not so tall as her. PASSIVE VOICE Active: S + V(present ) + Obj + … Passive: S + is/am/are + V3/ed + …. By + Obj Ex: People speak English all over the world EL is spoken all over the world by people Active: S + V (past tense) + Obj + …. Passive: S + was/were + V3/ed + …… by + Obj Ex: He did his homework last night. His homework was done last night. 6 Teacher : T T K O S + V (present progressive) + Obj + …… S + (is/am/are) + being + V3/ed + … + by + Obj Ex: They are building a new stadium here A new stadium is being built here by them S + have/has + V3/ed + Obj +…… S + have/has + been + V3/ed + ……. + by + Obj Ex: I have learnt EL since 1999 EL has been learnt since 1999 by me S + have/has + been + Ving + Obj +… S + have/has + been + being + V3/ed + by + Obj Ex: We have been playing soccer for 2 hours Soccer has been being played for 2 hours by us S + was/were + Ving + Obj + …. S + was/were + being + V3/ed) +…. +by + Obj Ex: She was reading book at 8 o’clock last night Book was being read at 8 last night by her S + had + V3/ed + Obj +…… S + had + been + V3/ed + … + by + Obj Ex: She had done her homework before she went to bed. Her homework had been done before she went to bed. * Modal verbs: (will, would, may, might, shall, should, ought to, must, be going to, have to, used to, can , could, be able to. ) S + modal verbs + Vo + Obj + …… S + modal verbs + be + V3/ed + …… by + Obj 7 Teacher : T T K O Ex: He can do this exercise This exercise can be done (by him). * Trêng hîp bÊt qui t¾c C¸c ®éng tõ chØ gi¸c quan S + see/watch/ notice/ hear + Obj + Vo /V-ing … S + be + V3/ed + to Vo + ……. By + Obj Ex: I saw him play soccer yesterday He was seen to play soccer yesterday C¸c ®éng t f chØ ý kiÕn (say, think, report, consider, believe ) Active: S1 + V1(ý kiÕn) + that + S2+ V2 + … Passive: S2 + be + V3/ed + To Vo / To have + V3/ed Or: It + be + V3/ed (ý kiến) + that + S2 + V2 + … Ex: They say that he is a famous singer He is said to be a famous singer It is said that he is a famous singer Active: Vo + Obj + … Passive: Let + Obj + be + V3/ed … Ex: Write your name here. Let your name be written here. Active: Don’t + Vo + Obj …! Passive: Don’t + let + Obj + be + V3/ed … Ex: Don’t open the door Don’t let the door be opened Dïng víi need Active: S + need + to have + Obj(thing) + V3/ed … Passive: S(thing) + need +( Ving/to be + V3/ed) … Ex: You need to have your house painted. Your house needs painting to be painted 8 Teacher : T T K O Active: How/ Wh- + aux V + S + V + Obj …? Pasive: How/ What + be + S + V3/ed + . + by + Obj …? Ex: When did he do his homework ? When was his homework done by him ? Câu cảm thán 1. What + (a/an) + Adj + N ! 2. How + Adj + the + N + be ! Ex: What beautiful houses! How beautiful the houses are! Tèt, tö tÕ lµm viÖc g× ®ã. 1. It is very kind of + Obj(person) + to + Vo + . 2. S + be + kind + to + Vo / Obj. Ex: You are very kind to help me It is very kind of you to help me C¹n kiÖt, hÕt c¸i g× 1. N + be + empty 2. S + run out of + N Ex: The car’s fuel is empty. The car runs out of fuel 1. S + V2/ed + … adv of time. 2. S + have/has + V3/ed … + for / since + adv of time. Ex: We lived in Mai son 2 years ago. We have lied in Mai son for 2 years. Yªu nhau 1. S + love(any tense) + Obj(person ) … 2. S + fall(any tense) + in love with + Obj(person) …. Ex: She loved him at the first sight. She fell in love with him at the first sight 1. S + enjoy + reflexive Pron (himself, herself, themslves) … ( Tù thëng thøc thêi gian vui vÎ) 2. S + have a good time …(Cã thêi gian vui vÎ). 9 Teacher : T T K O Ex: She enjoyed herself at the party. She had a good time at the party. 1. S1 + S2 + have(any tense) + good relationship ( Cã mèi quan hƯ tèt víi ai ) 2. S1 + get (any tense) on well with + S2 ( Hoµ thn víi ai). Ex: She and I have had good relationship since 2003. She has gotten on well with me since 2003. C©u mƯnh lƯnh gi¸n tiÕp S + V + ask + Obj(person) + (not) + to + Vo Tell Beg (khẩn, nài) Warn (cảnh báo) Permit (cho phép) Want (muốn) Advise(khun) Order (ra lệnh) Invite (mời) Allow (cho phép) Teach (dạy) Encourage (khuyến khích) TỪ LIÊN KẾT – CONNECTIVES/ CONNECTORS and nối hai thành phần cùng loại (n, adj, adv ), but/ however nêu lên ý tương phản, or dùng để giới thiệu một ý khác, thường gặp trong câu hỏi; so/ therefore dùng để chỉ kết quả Ex: She danced and sang beautifully./ He is handsome and intelligent. He was rich but unhappy. It was too hot so I opened the window./ I worked hard so I passed the exam easily. It was still painful so I went to see a doctor. He’s only 17 and therefore not eligible to vote. Nam didn’t study. Therefore, he failed the test. = Nam didn’t study. He, therefore, failed the test. It was cold. However, I still went swimming. S + V but + S + V. S + V, however, S + V. / S+ V. However, S + V. S + V, so + S + V. S + V, therefore, + S + V. / S + V. Therefore, + S + V 10 [...]... we hurry, we’ll be late Không bao giờ có hình thức phủ đònh của động từ trong mệnh đề có “unless” 11 Teacher : T T K O Nếu câu đề bài có “OR” & “WILL” Viết câu ĐK loại I Nếu câu đề bài ở thì HT Viết câu ĐK loại II Nếu câu đề bài ở thì QK viết câu ĐK loại III Khi viết câu với IF thì phải bỏ “so, because, that’s why” CLAUSES AFTER WISH (MỆNH ĐỀ SAU WISH) 1 Type I: Future wish (Ao ước ở tương... wish + S + V2/ed ( be were ) didn’t + Vo 3 Type III: Past wish (Ao ước ở quá khứ) S + wish + S + Had + V3/ed Chú ý: S + wish…… = If only……… Nếu câu đề bài có “WILL” OR “TOMORROW” Viết loại I Nếu câu đề bài ở HT Viết loại II Nếu câu đề bài ở QK Viết loại III Bỏ “sorry, regret, what a pity…” C¸ch sư dơng cÊu tróc “either or” vµ "neither nor” §iỊu cÇn lu ý nhÊt khi sư dơng cỈp thµnh ng÷... intelligent, he can’t do the test In spite of/ Despite his intelligence, he can’t do the test Though he works hard, he is still poor In spite of/ Despite working hard, he is still poor CONDITIONAL SENTENCES (CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN) TYPE I Có thể xảy ra dễ dàng ở HT or TL TYPE II Không có thật hoặc trái với sự TYPE III Không có thật hoặc trái với sự thật ở QK IF-CLAUSE Present simple S + V( s/es) MAIN CLAUSE S + will/shall . K O Nếu câu đề bài có “OR” & “WILL” Viết câu ĐK loại I Nếu câu đề bài ở thì HT Viết câu ĐK loại II Nếu câu đề bài ở thì QK viết câu ĐK loại. wish…… = If only……… Nếu câu đề bài có “WILL” OR “TOMORROW” Viết loại I Nếu câu đề bài ở HT Viết loại II Nếu câu đề bài ở QK Viết loại III Bỏ “sorry,