trong chương trình tiếng Anh THPT hệ cơ bản, Viết lại câu là phần kiến thức quan trọng và tương đối khó, liên quan nhiều đến các phần ngữ pháp khác nhau và có trong bài thi THPT Quốc Gia. Vì thế, để làm tốt được các dạng bài tập tự luân và trắc nghiệm về Viết lại câu thì học sinh cần phải nắm được các kiến thức ngữ pháp cơ bản có liên quan đến nhiều chủ điểm ngữ pháp khác nhau. Vì vậy tôi chọn đề tài “MỘT SỐ DẠNG NGỮ PHÁP, TỪ VÀ CẤU TRÚC THƯỜNG GẶP TRONG VIẾT LẠI CÂU” làm vấn đề nghiên cứu trong chuyên đề ôn thi TNTHPTQG của mình.
SỞ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO …………… TRƯỜNG THPT ………………… ……….o0o……… HỘI THẢO CHUYÊN ĐỀ ÔN THI TN THPT QUỐC GIA MỘT SỐ DẠNG NGỮ PHÁP, TỪ VÀ CẤU TRÚC NGỮ PHÁP TRONG VIẾT LẠI CÂU Môn: Tiếng Anh Chức vụ: …………… Tổ: …………………… Người thực hiện: ………………… …………………… MỤC LỤC I Lý chọn đề tài II Giải pháp thực tế giúp học sinh học Viết lại câu hiệu Lập kế hoạch cho tiết dạy, buổi dạy: Thực tốt tiến trình dạy Viết lại câu 3.1.1 Past simple present perfect 3.1.2 Cách biến đổi Although Despite/ In spite of 3.1.3 THE CONDITIONAL(CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN) 3.1.4 PASSIVE VOICE 3.1.5 INVERSION 3.1.6 SUBJUNCTIVES (THỂ GIẢ ĐỊNH) 3.1.7 TIME CLAUSES 3.1.8 CLAUSES OF PURPOSE 3.1.9 SO ADJ/ADV THAT / SUCH AN/AN + ADJ+ N + THAT 3.1.10 COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE 3.1.11 REPORTED SPEECH 3.2 MỘT SỐ TỪ VÀ CẤU TRÚC THƯỜNG GẶP TRONG VIẾT LẠI CÂU Trang 4 4 12 16 17 17 19 20 20 24 3.2.1 Dạng chuyển đổi động từ danh từ người 24 3.2.1 go up/ rise/ increase /fall/ decrease/ decline/drop N: rise/ increase/fall/ decrease/ decline 3.2.3 CẤU TRÚC VỚI TỪ SURPRISE 3.2.4 CẤU TRÚC VỚI TỪ INTEND 3.2.5 CẤU TRÚC VỚI TỪ DIFFICULT 3.2.6 CẤU TRÚC VỚI TỪ SUCCEED/ MANAGE/ FAIL 3.2.7 CẤU TRÚC VỚI TỪ LIKELY 3.2.8 CẤU TRÚC VỚI TỪ CHANCE/ OPPORTUNITY 3.2.9 CẤU TRÚC VỚI TỪ POSSIBLE 3.2.10 CẤU TRÚC VỚI TỪ CHANGE 3.2.11 CẤU TRÚC VỚI TỪ SEEM 3.2.12 CẤU TRÚC VỚI TỪ MIND 3.2.13 CẤU TRÚC VỚI TỪ NECESSARY 3.2.14 CẤU TRÚC VỚI TỪ EXPECT 3.2.15 CẤU TRÚC VỚI TỪ PREVENT/ STOP 3.2.16 CẤU TRÚC VỚI TỪ WORTH/ POINT/ USE/ WASTE 3.2.17 CẤU TRÚC VỚI TỪ SPEND/TAKE TIME 3.3 Bài tập áp dụng 3.4 Đáp Án III KẾT LUẬN TÀI LIỆU THAM KHẢO 24 25 25 25 26 27 27 27 28 28 28 29 29 30 30 30 32 49 59 60 I LÝ DO CHỌN ĐỀ TÀI Năm học 2015-2016, Tiếng Anh môn thi bắt buộc kỳ thi THPT Quốc Gia, tiếp tục năm mà Bộ Giáo Dục Và Đào Tạo có nhiều đổi cách đề thi làm thi Sự đổi rõ cách thức thi dạng đề thi TN THPT QG năm vừa qua, cụ thể phần viết lại câu có riêng phần gồm câu chuyển đổi câu (kỹ viết) Đồng thời, chương trình tiếng Anh THPT hệ bản, Viết lại câu phần kiến thức quan trọng tương đối khó, liên quan nhiều đến phần ngữ pháp khác có thi THPT Quốc Gia Vì thế, để làm tốt dạng tập tự luân trắc nghiệm Viết lại câu học sinh cần phải nắm kiến thức ngữ pháp có liên quan đến nhiều chủ điểm ngữ pháp khác Vì tơi chọn đề tài “MỘT SỐ DẠNG NGỮ PHÁP, TỪ VÀ CẤU TRÚC THƯỜNG GẶP TRONG VIẾT LẠI CÂU” làm vấn đề nghiên cứu chun đề ơn thi TNTHPTQG II GIẢI PHÁP THỰC TẾ ĐỂ TIẾN HÀNH DẠY VIẾT LẠI CÂU ĐẠT HIỆU QUẢ Lập kế hoạch cho tiết dạy, buổi dạy: a Đối với giáo viên: Để tiết dạy tốt Viết lại câu người giáo viên cần thực bước sau: - Soạn giáo án chi tiết kỹ lưỡng nội dung viết lại câu mà giáo viên cần truyền đạt cho học sinh tiết học Để làm điều này, giáo viên cân nghiên cứu kỹ nội dung Viết lại câu từ sách giáo khoa, sách giáo viên, sách ngữ pháp sách sở quan trọng đẻ giáo viên hoạch định giảng dạy cho tiết học Việc nghiên cứu kỹ giúp cho việc giáo viên tổ chức, điều khiển dạy trọng tâm, trọng điểm, phân bố thời gian cho cấu trúc cách khoa học, lôgic - Với đối tượng học sinh trung bình yếu, người giáo viên cần phải kiên nhẫn tận tình với em Hơn nữa, thầy/cô cần phải đưa nội dung dạy viết lại câu từ dễ đến dễ - Giáo viên cần đưa kế hoạch dạy viết lại câu Phần viết lại câu phần ngữ pháp tương đối rộng, liên quan đến nhiều phần ngũ pháp khác giáo viên cần phải tổ chức buổi dạy dạy có liên quan logic, khoa học dễ hiểu cho học sinh - Soạn chi tiết dạng tập luyện tập cho học sau dạng tập mà em học để học sinh luyện tập sau học lý thuyết - Cần phải trì khơng khí học tập nghiêm túc tập trung cao độ để học sinh không tập trung vào việc khác học b Đối với học sinh: Giáo viên yêu cầu học sinh chuẩn bị tốt cho tiết học tới cách: - Yêu cầu học sinh học thuộc kiến thức cũ: cấu trúc, cách chuyển đổi -Yêu cầu học sinh làm tập nhà kiểm tra việc làm tập em -Khuyến khích, động viên học sinh tự tin, chủ động, sáng tạo nêu vấn đề, câu hỏi có liên quan đến học Thực tốt tiến trình dạy Viết lại câu Khi dạy viết lại câu, giáo viên cần phân tích rõ cho học sinh hiểu cấu trúc cách biến đổi Tiến trình khơng giúp học sinh nắm hiểu mà giúp em sử dụng kiến thức để làm dạng tập sách Sau xin trình bày tiến trình dạy cách việt lại câu với vài cấu trúc thông dụng cấp độ trung bình sách giáo khoa số sách tham khảo lớp 10, 11, 12 ví dụ điển hình Viết lại câu Tiếng Anh MỘT SỐ DẠNG NGỮ PHÁP, TỪ VÀ CẤU TRÚC THƯỜNG GẶP TRONG VIẾT LẠI CÂU 3.1 MỘT SỐ DẠNG NGỮ PHÁP THƯỜNG GẶP TRONG VIẾT LẠI CÂU 3.1.1 Viết lại câu thực chuyển đổi từ Thì q khứ đơn sang hồn thành ngược lại 3.1.1.1 This is the first time S have/has + (ever) + Vpp/ Ved + (O)/ Adv S have/ has never Vpp Vpp/ Ved + (O)/ Adv … before Example: This is the first time I have seen him I have …………………………………………… I have never seen him before 3.1.1.2 The last time + S + past simple……was + time + ago/ in+ time S + have/ has + not + Ved/Vpp………for/ since + time Example: The last time she visited us was two years ago She hasn't ………………………………………………… She hasn't visited us for two years Nếu khơng có ago mà có when + mệnh đề giữ nguyên mệnh đề đổi when thành since 3.1.1.3 S + last + past simple …… time + ago /in + time/ when + S + past simple S + have/ has + not + Ved/Vpp………for/ since + time Example: I last saw him when I was a student I have not……………………………………… I haven't seen him since I was a student Mẫu có dạng : Nếu khơng có ago mà có when + mệnh đề giữ nguyên mệnh đề đổi when thành since 3.1.1.4 S + began/ started + V-ing/ To V … in+time/ time+ago/ when S + past simple S + have/has + Ved/3…………… since/ for + time have/ has + been + V-ing…… I started / began studying English years ago I have…………………………………………………………… I have studied English for years / I have been studying English for years Nếu khơng có ago mà có when + mệnh đề giữ nguyên mệnh đề đổi when thành since 3.1.1.5 It’s + time + since + S + (last) + past simple S + have/ has + (not) + Ved/Vpp…… for + time Example: It's ten years since I last met him I have not…………………………………… I haven't met him for ten years 3.1.1.6 When did + S + V0…….? How long is it since + S + past simple… ? have/ has + S + Ved/Vpp… ? Example When did you buy it ? How long ………………………………………… How long have you bought it? 3.1.1.7 It/this/that is the + Adj (superlative) + S + have + ever + Ved/Vpp S + have/ has + never + Ved/Vpp + such (a/ an) + Adj + N + (before) This is the most delicious cake I’ve ever tasted I have ………………………………………… I have never tasted such a delicious cake before 3.1.1.8 This is the first time + S + have + Ved/Vpp + …… S+be + not used to + Ving/N This is the first time I have seen so many people crying at the end of the movie I was not used………………………………………………………………………………… I was not used to seeing so many people crying at the end of the movie 3.1.2 Cách biến đổi Although/Even though/ Though Despite/ In spite of Although/ though + Clause Despite / in spite of + N/ Ving Các công thức biến đổi từ mệnh đề sang cụm từ sau: 3.1.2.1 Although/ though + S + V, S’ + V’ (S=S’) Despite/ in spite of + Ving, S’ + V’…… Although Tom got up late, he got to school on time Despite / in spite of …………………………………………………… Despite / in spite of getting up late, Tom got to school on time 2.1.2.2 Although/ though + the+N + be + Adj, S’ + V’ Despite/ in spite of + the adj + N, S’ + V’…… Although the rain was heavy, they enjoyed their game Despite/ in spite of …………………………………………………… Despite / in spite of the heavy rain, they enjoyed their game 3.1.2.3 Although/ though + personal Pronoun + be + Adj, S’ + V’ Despite/ in spite of + possessive adjective + N, S’ + V’…… Although He was sick, => Despite / in spite of his sickness, 3.1.2.4 Although/ though + personal Pronoun + V + adv, S’ + V’ Despite/ in spite of + possessive adjective + adj+N, S’ + V’…… Although He behaved impolitely, => Despite / in spite of his impolite behavior , 3.1.2.5 Although/ though + there be+(a/an)N , S’ + V’ Despite/ in spite of + a/an + N, S’ + V’…… Although there was an accident , => Despite / in spite of an accident, 3.1.2.6 Although/ though + it + be + Adj (weather), S’ + V’ Despite/ in spite of + the adj + N(weather), S’ + V’…… Although it was rainy, => Despite / in spite of the rain, ……… Các tính từ danh từ thường gặp mẫu là: Foggy => fog ( sương mù ) Snowy => snow (tuyết) Rainy => rain (mưa) Stormy => storm ( bão) 3.1.2.7 Phương pháp cuối phương pháp dễ : thêm the fact that trước mệnh đề Phương pháp áp dụng cho câu mà khơgn cần phân tích xem thuộc mẫu này, nhiên phương pháp khơng khuyến khích sử dụng suy cho biến đổi rèn luyện cho em cách sử dụng cấu trúc câu, câu thêm the fact that viết lại hết em khơng nâng cao trình độ Phương pháp áp dụng gặp câu phức tạp mà khơng có cách biến đổi Một trường hợp khác mà em sử dụng : lúc thi gặp câu khó mà quên cách biển đổi Although he behaved impolitely, Despite / in spite of the fact that he behaved impolitely, 3.1.2.8 Although/ though + S + V + Adj /adv, S’ + V’ However+ adj/adv +S+V… , S’ + V’…… Driving at that spees is dangerous although you are an experienced driver or not However However experinced a driver you are// you are as a driver, driving at that speed is dangerous 3.1.2.9 Although/ though + S + V + Adj /adv, S’ + V’ adj/adv +as/though+S+V… , S’ + V’…………………… I don’t really like her, even though I admire her achievements →Much ……………………………………………………… →Much as I admire her achievements, I don’t really like her 3.1.3 THE CONDITIONAL(CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN) 3.1.3.1 Conditional type a Nếu câu đề là: (Don’t )V…….or S will/can(not) infinitive : If S1 present simple, S2 will/can(not) infinitive Example: Stop talking or you won’t understand the lesson → If …………………………………… ….……………………………… If you don’t stop talking, you won’t understand the lesson Don’t be impatient or you will make mistakes If…………………………………………………………………… If you are impatient, you will make mistakes b S1 will/can infinitive; S2 will/can(not) infinitive : If S1 present simple, S2 will/can(not) infinitive Example: He will pay me tonight; I will have enough money to buy a car If………………………………………………………………………… If he pays me tonight, I will have enough money to buy a car c Use UNLESS IF ……NOT EX: If you not study hard, you will fail the exam Unless you study hard, you will fail the exam If you not like this one, I’ll bring you another Unless……………………………………………………………………… d If S1 present simple, S2 will/can (not) infinitive Provided that/ As long as/ So long as S1 present simple, S2 will/can (not) infinitive If we try hard, we can finish it in a week Provided ………………………………………………………………… Provided that we try hard, we can finish it in a week Provided your hand writing is legible the examiner will accept your answer As long as the examiner ……………………………………………………… So long as the examiner ………………………………………………………… So long as the examiners can read your handwriting, they will accept your answer e If S1 present simple, S2 will/can (not) infinitive Should S infinitive, S2 will/ can(not) infinitive Example: If you find it necessary, you can contact me on this number →Should …………………………………………………………… →Should you find it necessary, you can contact me on this number 3.1.3.2 Conditional type a S1 present simple/could/would infinnitive, because S2 present simple If S1 past simple, S2 could/would infinitive Nếu câu có because, so (= that’s why) phải bỏ (đặt if vào chổ because , so (= that’s why) ngược lại) Peter is fat because he eats so many chips →If …………………………………………………… … If Peter did not eat so many chips, he would not be fat b S1 + present simple, so S2 could/ would (not)/ present simple If S1 past simple, S2 could/would (not) infinitive They don't go to the cinema, so they don't know anything about new movies and actors If ………………………………………………………………………………………… If they knew something about new movies and actors, they would go to the cinema c If S1 past simple, S2 could/would (not) infinitive Were S1 (+ to V) O… , S2 could/would (not) infinitive The only thing that makes this job worthwhile is the money →Were ………………………………………………………………………………… →Were it not for the money, the job wouldn’t be worthwhile 3.1.3.3 Conditional type a S1 + past simple, so S2 could/ would (not)/ past simple If S1 had Vpp, S2 could/would have Vpp My husband didn’t leave the keys, so I couldn’t pick him up at the station If my husban……………………………………………………………………… b S1 past simple/could/would infinnitive, because S2 past simple/ past perfect If S1 had Vpp, S2 could/would have Vpp We got lost in the jungle because we didn't have a map If we had c - If S1 had Vpp, S2 could/would have Vpp - S1 past simple/could/would infinnitive, because S2 past simple/ past perfect - It was N that + past simple+………… But for + N/Ving,…………………………… Had S (not) Vpp/Ved… , ………………… Example It was his incompetence that led to their capture If ……………………………………………………………………………… Had it………………………………………………………………………………………… But for……………………………………………………………………………………… If it had not been for his incompetence, they would not have been captured d Without + Ving/ N, S will/ would/ could + ………………………… If conditional type 2/ type If he had not helped, I would not have been able to find my way Without……………………………………………………………………………… Without his help, I would not have been able to find my way 3.1.4 PASSIVE VOICE 3.1.4 Somebody + want/ like/expect + someone to something Somebody + want /like/expect + something + to be done EX: Our teacher wants us to prepare our lessons carefully Our teacher wants our lessons to be prepared carefully They expected me to finish my work early They expected my work to be finished early 3.1.4.2 Somebody + agree/arrange/determine/decide + to something Somebody + agree/arrange/determine/decide + that something + should be + done EX: She decided to rebuild the house She decided that the house should be rebuilt 3.1.4.3 Something + need(s) + doing (also: want+ v-ing/require+v-ing) Something + need(s) + to be done (also: want+ to be done/require+to be done) EX: The house needs cleaning (passive meaning) These flowers require watering The house needs to be cleaned These flowers require to be watered You don’t need to prepare the lesson (active) The chickens need feeding The lesson doesn’t need to be prepared The chickens need to be fed The lesson doesn’t need preparing 3.1.4.4 A PRESENT MEANING people + think/expect/believe/estimate/say/report/suppose/hope/declare/rumour + that + some one + something (active) PASSIVE TYPE It is TYPE S tobe PASSIVE thought expected believed estimated said reported supposed hoped declared rumoured that S + something to something EX: People think that he drives dangerously (active) It is thought that he drives dangerously (type 1) He is thought to drive dangerously (type 2) People believe that he is a good teacher It is believed that he is a good teacher (type 1) He is believed to be a good teacher (type 2) People believe that this new teaching method is more effective than the old one This new teaching method ……………………………………………………… This new teaching method is believed to be more effective than the old one (Đề thi TN THPTQG năm 2015) B PAST MEANING people + think/expect/believe/estimate/say/report/suppose/hope/declare/rumour + that + someone + did something (active) PASSIVE PASSIVE TYPE It is thought expected believed estimated that S + did something 10 It was impossible to work in that condition Working …………………………………………………………… The heavy rain made it impossible for us to have a picnic We were…………………………………………………………………… Roses can’t possibly grow in such poor ground It’s impossible………………………………………………………………… He found that it was impossible to study at home He found ………………………………………………………………… It would not have been possible to solve that puzzle, even for a genius That puzzle…………………………………………………………… I’m absolutely sure he took the money on purpose He couldn’t possibly She most certainly wasn’t in London on the 26th She couldn’t possibly………………………………………………… Can I speak to someone about my problem? Would it ………………………………………………………… … We can’t possibly study in all this noise → It …………………………………………………………… 10 It won’t be possible for me to pay a visit to that place again → I am afraid I …………………………………………………………………… 26 Rewrite the sentences starting with the word given Change The team is the same as it for last Saturday’s match →There have …………………………………………………………………… This government has changed its taxation policy completely since the last general election →This government has undergone …………………………………………….… Critics are hoping the new director can bring some positive changes into the French film industry →Critics are ………………………………………………………………… … If you hadn’t changed our original agreement, everything would have been fine →If you had …………… …………………………………………………… He has changed his opinion on the house He has made ………………………………………………… Unless the weather changes dramatically overnight, the match will go ahead as planned Provided …………………… …………………………………………………… 27 Rewrite the sentences starting with the word given Seem It seems to me that I met you in Cardiff in 1991 I seem………………………………………………………………… It seems that he doesn’t see what you mean 46 He doesn’t seem…………………………………………………………… It seems to me that he did Ph D in the US in 1979 He seems to ……………………………………………………………… It seems to me that her playing has developed amazingly in the past year Her playing ……………………………………………………………… She seemed quite unhappy when I saw her last week ( look) When I saw her last week …………………………………………………… at all He seemed to be worried about something I had………………………………………………………… The room seemed to have been unoccupied for weeks It looked ……………………………………………………………………… It looks as if he's forgotten about the meeting again He seems …………………………………………………………… Apparently, only one percent of the total land is used for agricultural production It seems that agricultural production ………………………………………… 10 It is my impression that she is enjoying her new job a great deal She seems ………………………………………………………… 28 Rewrite the sentences starting with the word given Mind I'm quite happy to look after the baby for you → I don't mind ………………………………………………………………… I'll help you with your homework I don’t I haven’t decided yet whether to move or not I haven’t ……………………………………………………………… Do you mind if I come over to see you later? Do you …………………………………………………………… ? Sandra said that she was willing to work late Sandra said that she didn’t ……………………………… "Would you mind not smoking in my room?" she said to him She didn’t let him Would you mind turning the radio down? Could you…………………………………………………………… I would like you to help me to put the chairs away Do you mind Please don’t interrupt me all the time Would you mind …………………………………………………… 10 I never thought that I would win a prize →It had never ……………………………………………… 29 Rewrite the sentences starting with the word given Necessary He is to blame for his mistakes This is very necessary It…………………………………………………………………………… Is it really necessary for me to arrive so early? →Do I ……………………………………………………………………………………… It’s not necessary to shout 47 You………………………………………………………………………… It wasn’t necessary for you to go to so much trouble on my behalf You needn’t… …………………………………………………… He didn’t need to be reminded about it It wasn’t……………………………………………………… 30 Rewrite the sentences starting with the word given Expect The service at the hotel wasn't as good as I expected The service at the hotel ……………………………………………………… Simon hadn’t expected that he would feel so weak after the operation The operation left ……………………………………………………… Her success went beyond her expectation Never His arrival was completely unexpected →His arrival took…………………………………………………… His appearance was completely unexpected →His appearance was beyond ………………………………… The concert was not as good as he had hoped →The concert failed ………………………………………………… She was just as good as they had thought →She came ………………………………………… It is expected that the company can get more profit this year →The company is ………………………………………………………………… No one really expected John to so well in his exams (TAKEN) Everyone was taken………………………………………………………………… 10 They were just as good as we had expected They certainly lived ………………………………………………………………… 31 Rewrite the sentences starting with the word given Exercise - Prevent You can avoid tooth decay by brushing your teeth regularly Brushing ……………………………………………………………… Jo’s training accident meant she couldn’t take part in the race Jo’s training accident………………………………………… Martin may not be very well but she still manages to enjoy life →Martin’s poor health doesn’t prevent/stop him from enjoying life I would anything to prevent him from going there →There is ……………………………………………………………………… Susan couldn't get to the date because of the heavy rain The heavy rain ……………………………………………………… That fence is there to prevent you entering the grounds of the house They put the fence there ……………………………… enter the grounds of the house I wanted to make sure that all my good work wasn't wasted in that way I wanted to prevent …………………………………………………………… His disabilities did not prevent him from sailing around the world Despite the fact…………………………………………………………………… I couldn’t go to work because of the transport strike I was…………………………………………………………………………… 48 10 He could not sleep because the traffic was noisy The noise…………………………………………………………………… 32 Rewrite the sentences starting with the word given Exercise – Worth/ point/ use That old typewriter is not worth repairing Repairing that ………………………………………………… It is pointless to have that old typewriter repaired That old typewritter is not…………………………………………… It’s not worth living to make her change her mind There’s ………………………… There is no point in asking Gorge to help It isn’t It is not worth trying to save endangered species It is a ……………………………………………………………………… Do you think this antique vase is good value for money? In your opinion, is this ……………… …………………….? There is no point in your phoning Caroline – she’s away →It is a ………………………………………………………………… … You can try to get Tim to lend you his car but you won’t succeed There’s no………………………………………………………………………… It was a waste of time attending the protest, as the council had already made its decision We needn't ……………………………………………………………… 10 Don’t try to eacape It’s no use It’s no use…………………………………………………………… 33 Rewrite the sentences starting with the word given Spend It takes me an hour to get to London I spend It takes six hours to drive from here to London It is ……………………………………………………………… I walk to school in twenty minutes everyday It ………………………………………………………………………… Last week , she spent two days tidying her room It ………………………………………………………………………… They used to go to school in half an hour It …………………………………………………………………………… We often spend 30 minutes reviewing our lesson before class It ………………………………………………………………………… It took him twelve hours to fly from Hanoi to London He …………………………………………………………………………… It is a three-hour drive from Hanoi to Namdinh It takes It took us five hours to get to London We………………………………………………………………………………… 10 He wrote the report in two hours It took……………………………………………………………………………… 49 3.4 KEYS Rewrite the following sentences without changing their meaning It’s ages since I played football It’s three years since I last was to Ha long The last time I was to Ha long was three years ago She last saw her mother when she left for Pairs I haven’t gone to Hanoi was over fours years It’s over fours years since I last went to Hanoi I haven’t seen her since she returned to her home town When did you sell your old house? It’s the first time she has spoken… She has never driven a car before I last heard from him in July The last time I heard from him was in July 10 My aunt started teaching English 40 years ago 11 Before I went to school, I had gone over my lesson After he had done all his exercises, he watched TV Rewrite the following sentences without changing their meaning It’s two years since I last went to the dentist’s They have bought this house for ten years How long have you started the project? I certainly won’t go to this restaurant again It is the first time I have ever seen that man He has learned to drive since he was 18 It’s over six months since I last had my hair cut It’s hours and hours since Mary rang This is the first time I have ever eaten this kind of food 10 She has been working as secretary for five years Rewrite the following sentences without changing their meaning 1.However carefully he may drive, there is still a danger of accident in fog so dense However much I pay this man, he is never satisfied →However hard she works, she never seems to succeed However long it takes I will find that man However clever he is, I don’t think he will solve this problem However hard Adeles tries, she doesn't get anywhere/gets nowhere However clever he is, I don’t think he will solve this problem Busy as Melissa’s father was, he still played with her Much as I admire his courage, I think he is foolish 10 Friendly as he seems, he’s not to be trusted Rewrite the sentences starting with the word given 1.If I am tired I can’t walk fast I I were you I would take the bus 50 If they had bought a house yesterday, they might show it to us today Unless you work here you must not enter this building Unless I am saving for my holidays, I will spend a lot of money on clothes If you tried to learn, you could speak German very well If they knew something about new movies and actors they would go to the cinema If I had had enough time to revise, I could take that exam If we were in Zagreb we would see you 10 Without absolute secrecy, the mission wouldn’t have succeeded 11 If it had not been cold we would not have turned the central heating on 12 The only thing that prevented the passing of the bill was the death of the prime Minister 13 If the teacher had caught him cheating, he would not have passed the exam 14 Should you see him, call me immediately 15 Were I not to earn much money, I would quit my stressful job Rewrite the sentences starting with the word given Their task must be done now He expected a book to be bought They want to be invited to the party The road was opened 10 years ago All chairs can be mended for you now We expected to be forgiven Women were allowed to vote many years ago The wine should be opened hours before it is used They suggested the test should be made easier 10 She is thought to be the most beautiful girl./ It is said she is the most beautiful girl 11 You are supposed to make tea for the party 12 Their children were allowed to go to the zoo last Sunday 13 They had the chair mended by the neighbor 14 The walls need to be painted 15 I was made to clean all the plates last night 16 The door mustn’t be closed 17 He is said to be very rich / It is said that he is very rich 18 She is seen to walk with him every evening 19 They had all their letters typed by the typist 20 I am going to have my fence cut by the gardener tomorrow Rewrite the sentences starting with the word given Not only did he spent all his money but he even borrowed some from me No sooner had he left the office than the telephone rang Hardly had I put the phone down when the boss rang back Not until the bell rang did he finish his work Only after several months did we begin to see the symptoms of the disease Never have I seen anyone in my life drink as much as you Under the table was lying A sleeping dog Rarely had his brother been more excited Only later were the facts all made public 10 Had I realized what would happen, I wouldn’t have accepted the job 51 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 At no time have we gone to Paris before Hardly had we come home when it started raining No sooner had the students arrived the class than the teacher came Not until the students get along with him can the teacher become friendly Only when he tries his best to study can he only succeed Only after he gets in the room can I recognise who he is So attractive is she that many boys run after her Never will I say that again Seldom I skip breakfast On the beach is lying a seal Rewrite the sentences starting with the word given Only after a new pay offer did the workers call off the strike Only when their second son was born did Alice and Charles decide to move a bigger house Not until he got home did he remember about the gun Only when the general’s personal diaries was published did the truth come out Hardly had I put the phone down when the boss rang back No sooner had he been appointed to the post than the new editor fell ill Before these new machines were invented people had to queue No sooner had everyone started complaining than the announcement was made Only later did I realise who he was 10 Only after all the guests had gone home could we relax 11 Whenever he comes to visit us there is trouble 12 She left the room without saying a word 13 Only after the money has been received we dispatch goods 14 Not until John received the offer of promotion in writing did he celebrate 15 Only after a twelve hour wait did their flight leave Rewrite the following sentences using infinitive phrase / clause: People use money in order to buy things they need 2) Banks are developed in order to keep people’s money safe 3) Mr Brown is going to the bank so that they can borrow some money 4) Alice borrowed an eraser to so that they can erase a mistake in his composition 5) I need to buy some laundry detergent in order to wash my clothes 6) I moved to the front of the room so that they could see better 7) I came to this school in order to learn English 8) He gave her the key for her so that she could open the door 9) Mary took her brother to school for him so that he could learn English 10) Please arrive early for us so that we can start the meeting on time 11) He wrote to David of his interest in science so that we could ask for work 12) Kathy built a high wall round her garden for the fruits so that they could not be stolen 13) Tom was playing very softly in order not to disturb anyone 14) They rushed into the burning house in order to save the child 15) Lan often attends English Speaking Club so that she can practice speaking English 16) He stood on the chair in order not to see better 17) Please shut the gate for the cows so that the cannot get out of the cowshed 52 18) The boy tiptoed into the room so that he will not wake every body up 19 She said nothing so as not to make him angry 20 Minh does morning exercises regularly so as to be healthy Rewrite sentences using so… that or such ….that It is such a tidy room that it took us one hour to clean it He was such a fool man that no one took any notice of him It is such a long film that they can't broadcast it on one night They are such interesting books that we have read them many times It was such bad news that she burst into tears on hearing it It was such hot food that it turned my tongue There is such a lot of rain that we can't go out He is such a fat boy that every calls him Stuffy It is such excellent milk that all the children want some more 10 It was such warm weather that they had a walk in the garden 10 Rewrite sentences using TOO TO The weather is too bad for us to go out The film was too boring for us to go on seeing He was too old to run fast He spoke too fast for us to understand The fair was too noisy for us to hear each other You speak too fast for me to catch up with your words It is too early for us to go out The water is too hot for me to drink The restaurant is too expensive for us to eat in 10 He studied too badly to pass the exam 11 Rewrite sentences using TOO TO Mary is the fattest in the class You have written more than I have/ me Mary’s hair was longer than Tom's I am the noisiest student in the school This film was more interesting than the first one That house is more expensive than this one Your dog didn’t eat as much as mine Football is more exciting than volleyball Tom’s father is more interested in movies than him 10 No one else cooks better than Mary 12 Rewrite the sentences Nam said that he was told to be at school before o’clock Thomas said that All the students would have a meeting thenext week She said that her parents were very proud of her good marks The teacher said that All the homework had to be done carefully Her father told her she could go to the movie with her friend she said she might visit her parents in summer 53 The teacher said they could collect old book for the poor students She said she did not buy that book The boys said they had to try their best to win the match 10 Her classmate said that Ha was the most intelligent girl in their class 13 Rewrite the sentences Mike asked Peter if he enjoyed reading Hang asked nam if he liked sports She asked Nam if his sister and brother went to the same school She asked her mother if there were some oranges in the fridge He asked his friend if it would rain the following morning Tam asked Peter if he had gone to Hue three years before Tuan asked Lan if Tam and Hoa were late for class She asked me if I could speak Chinese Tam asked Thu if she would be there for five days 10 She asked Ba if he had been reading that book at oclock the previous Sunday 14 Rewrite the sentences The teacher asked me Where my father worked She asked John how many people there were in his family Tam’s friend asked him how long he would stay in England She asked her mom what time the film began The teacher asked Lien What her hobby was His friend asked him how he went to the airport Ann asked her mother how much that dress cost Mary asked David how often he washed his clothes Phong asked Thu When his father left Vietnam for the USA 10 The librarian asked my teacher how many books the students needed 15 Rewrite the sentences She told me if she had any money she'd buy me a drink He said if he caught the plane he would be home by five My mother said that I should stay if I feel unwell Anne asked Jane what she would she were having a problem with grammar Matthew said if he could have contacted me If she'd had my mobile yesterday She advised me to stop smoking He wondered what they would call her if the baby was a girl She said if she did not practice her English she wouldn’t get any better He said he'd have been in bad trouble if Jane hadn't helped him 10 She asked what she should if the door was clocked 16 Rewrite the sentences He promised to wait for me Tom begged John to turn off the TV His mother told him to open the window He told me to shut the door after me The captain ordered them to wait their till he came back 54 He introduced Miss White to Mr Brown He asked me not to come back before one o’clock My mother told us to lock the door I warned Peter not to touch that switch 10 Rosy persuaded John to come and have dinner with them 17 Rewrite the sentences Key She suggested going for a swim then He admitted being wrong He denied saying that Jane regrets not having told the truth The boy apologized for not finishing the assignment The man accused the boy of taking his bag She insisted on sitting for the test She dreamt of becoming a doctor His mother prevented me from using the mobile phone 10 She thanked him for visiting her 18 Rewrite the sentences starting with the word given She is a good cook My aunt is a very good English teacher / very good teacher of English He is a very slow cyclist He is a careful typist These children can run quickly My father is a very good soccer player I am a very bad driver She is a good singer He is a very hard worker 10 Tom is a very fast swimmer 19 Rewrite the sentences starting with the word given There has been a rise in the number of redundancies this year There has been a gradual decrease/decline/fall in the number of people out of work An increased number of travellers is being stopped by customs officials this week There has been little demand for cars this month There has been a steady decline in the number of accidents since the speed limit was imposed There have been very few sightings of the Yeti at this altitude There have been no changes to the team since last Saturday’s match There has been a sharp decline in birth race recently There has been such a vociferous protest that the committee has had to reconsider 55 10 This year the rate of unemployment has increased slightly slightly less than it did in previous years 20 Rewrite the sentences starting with the word given When a policeman appeared at the door, I was surprised We were surprised that you decided to get married before finishing your degree It came as no surprise that he succeeded It came as no surprise to me that Karen had changed her job To everyone’s surprise, Geoff left the party early It came as a surprise to me that Martin hadn't married Jane Pedro's promotion came as a surprise to us His refusal to help surprised us To our surprise, Long left the room early 10 I hadn’t expected him to be so easy to talk to 21 Rewrite the sentences starting with the word given I have no intention of telling you my plan I have no intention of apologising to either of them I have no intention of replying to that rude letter from Edward I never had any intention of going to the wedding Even though profits are down, the company has no intention of making Rick has no intention of seeing that film again 22 Rewrite the sentences starting with the word given The fox tried in vain to reach the grapes Unfortunately all his efforts came to nothing Did you managed to pass the exam? The firemen managed to put the fire out after fighting it for 12 hours The harder you work, the more successful you are / will be The engine failure is caused by a badly fitted part Failure to obey the regulations may cause your disqualification The more qualifications you are able to / can amass, the more successful you become / are in the academic field , the more success you can / will make / have in the academic field Had it not been for the attendance of a famous film star the party wouldn’t have been a success.( would have been a failure) 10 Never had she expected she was so successful // such success 23 Rewrite the sentences starting with the word given My friends are unlikely to have received my letter yet There is little likehood of his being convicted of the offence She has a good chance of success as an actress He is hardly likely to have taken poison It is unlikely that this old car will last for more than three years 56 24 Rewrite the sentences starting with the word given It’s most difficult for you to get the chances The chances are that all of you will be able to enter college It’s too wonderful an opportunity for us to miss I really regret to have missed the boat to get the promotion There is very little chance of Ruth being promoted this year He asked himself what were the chances of him getting top marks again There is a chance that , I will get the job I’ve applied for Mark has little chance of getting the promotion You should take a camera with you in case you happen to come across some interesting 10 The company might have given him a second chance if he had admitted his mistake 25 Rewrite the sentences starting with the word given Working in that condition was impossible We were impossible to have a picnic because of the heavy rain It’s impossible to grow roses in such poor ground He found it difficult to study at home That puzzle could not have been solved, even by a genius He couldn’t possibly have taken the money by mistake She couldn’t possibly have been in London on the 26th Would it be possible for me to talk to someone about my problem? It is impossible for us to study in all this noise 10 I am afraid I can’t pay a visit to that place again 26 Rewrite the sentences starting with the word given There have been no changes to the team since last Saturday’s match This government has undergone a complete change in its taxation policy since … Critics are hoping the new director can breathe new life into … If you had stuck to our original agreement, everything would have been fine He has made a change of heart on the house Provided there is no change in the weather overnight, the match will go 27 Rewrite the sentences starting with the word given I seem to have met you in Cardiff in 1991 He doesn’t seem to see what you mean He seems to have done Ph.D in the US in 1979 Her playing seems to have developed amazingly in the past year When I saw her last week she did not look happy at all I had/got the impression that he was worried about something It looked though the room had been unoccupied for weeks He seems to have forgotten about the meeting again It seems that agricultural production accounts for (just/only) one percent of the total land 10 She seems to be enjoying her new job a great deal 28 Rewrite the sentences starting with the word given 57 I don’t mind looking after the baby for you I don’t mind helping you with your homework I haven’t made up my mind whether to move or not Do you have any objection to me coming over to see you later? Sandra said that she didn’t mind working late She didn’t let him smoke in her room Could you turn the radion down? Do you mind helping me to put the chairs away Would you mind not interrupting me all the time? 10 It had never crossed my mind that I would win a prize 29 Rewrite the sentences starting with the word given It is very necessary for him to be to blamed for his mistakes Do I have to arrive so early? You don’t need to shout You needn’t go to so much trouble on my behalf It wasn’t necessary to remind him about it 30 Rewrite the sentences starting with the word given The service at the hotel did not come up to my expectations The operation left Simon feel weaker than he (had) expected Never had she expected she was so successful // such success His arrival took us completely by surprise His appearance was beyond our expectation The concert failed to come/live up to his expectations She came up to their expectations The company is expected to get more profit this year Everyone was taken by surprise when John did so well in his exams 10 They certainly lived up to our expectation 31 Rewrite the sentences starting with the word given Brushing your teeth regularly can prevent tooth decay Jo’s accident prevented him from taking part in the race Martin’s poor health doesn’t prevent/stop him from enjoying life There is nothing I wouldn’t to prevent him from going there The heavy rain prevented Susan from getting to the date They put the fence there so you can't enter the grounds of the house I wanted to prevent all my good work from being wasted Despite the fact that he was disabled, he sailed/managed to sail around the world I was prevented from going to work by transport strike 10 The noise of the traffic prevented him from sleeping 32 Rewrite the sentences starting with the word given Repairing that old typewriter is pointless That old typewritter is not worth having that old typewriter repaired There’s no need to make her change her mind It isn’t worth asking George to help 58 It is a waste of time trying to save endangered species In your opinion, is this antique vase worth buying? It is a waste of time phoning Caroline – she’s away There’s no point (in) (you/your) trying to get Tim to lend you his car/to borrow Tim’s car We needn't have taken part in the protest, as the council had already made its decision 10 It’s no use escaping 33 Rewrite the sentences starting with the word given I spend an hour getting to London It is a six hour drive from here to London It takes me twenty minutes to walk to school everyday It took her two days to tidy her room last week It used to take them half an hour to go to school It takes us 30 minutes to review our lesson before class He spent twelve hours flying from Hanoi to London It takes three hours to drive from Hanoi to Namdinh We spent five hours getting to London 10 It took him hours to write the letter III: KẾT LUẬN Tôi xin bày tỏ cảm ơn sâu sắc tới đồng nghiệp tơi trường THPT Phạm Cơng Bình nhừng đóng góp hỗ trợ quý báu Chuyên Đề Đồng thời cảm ơn Lãnh Đạo nhà trường tạo điều kiện tốt để hồn thành chun đề Tơi chun đề nhiều thiếu sót, mong nhận đóng góp xây dựng chân thành từ quý thầy cô em học sinh để chun đề tơi hồn thiện 59 CÁC TÀI LIỆU THAM KHẢO Sách GK, Sách Bài Tập Tiếng Anh Cơ Nâng Cao Tiếng Anh 10, 11, 12 Bộ GD & ĐT Practical English Usage – Michael Swan Oxford A Practical English Grammar – Thomson & Martinet Oxford University Press Hướng dẫn ôn tập làm thi môn Tiếng Anh– Vĩnh Bá 60 ... việt lại câu với vài cấu trúc thông dụng cấp độ trung bình sách giáo khoa số sách tham khảo lớp 10, 11, 12 ví dụ điển hình Viết lại câu Tiếng Anh MỘT SỐ DẠNG NGỮ PHÁP, TỪ VÀ CẤU TRÚC THƯỜNG GẶP TRONG. .. 3.2.9 CẤU TRÚC VỚI TỪ POSSIBLE 3.2.10 CẤU TRÚC VỚI TỪ CHANGE 3.2.11 CẤU TRÚC VỚI TỪ SEEM 3.2.12 CẤU TRÚC VỚI TỪ MIND 3.2.13 CẤU TRÚC VỚI TỪ NECESSARY 3.2.14 CẤU TRÚC VỚI TỪ EXPECT 3.2.15 CẤU TRÚC... 3.2.3 CẤU TRÚC VỚI TỪ SURPRISE 3.2.4 CẤU TRÚC VỚI TỪ INTEND 3.2.5 CẤU TRÚC VỚI TỪ DIFFICULT 3.2.6 CẤU TRÚC VỚI TỪ SUCCEED/ MANAGE/ FAIL 3.2.7 CẤU TRÚC VỚI TỪ LIKELY 3.2.8 CẤU TRÚC VỚI TỪ CHANCE/