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TOPIC: EXPORTATION OF AQUATIC PRODUCTS TO CHINA MARKET Aquiculture has been being an industry which brings the socio-economic effect for the country, and it is also considered as a new industry be focused to develop in the near future, since it shows its important position in National Economy and acts as key industry Aquiculture is primary exportation product of Viet Nam; it approximately makes profit of 2 million USD per year for the country Viet Nam has been become one of the powerful countries in aquiculture exportation industry Viet Nam aquiculture has much of potentiality and development opportunity: due to natural advantages and geographical position together with suitable policies of the Government and activeness, creation of the thousands of aquiculture production sectors and million of fisher workers During the last years, Viet Nam aquiculture has had stable position in the international market, contributing the economic growth within the country, creating jobs and renewing better life for the people living along the coastal provinces However, our aquiculture industry development only works with fastidious markets such as America, Japan and EU nations without pay enough attention to the other markets in the area, Since the failure of the lawsuit involving to Sutchi catfish and Yellowtail catfish and the recent lawsuit of shrimp product with America market, it should be considered reasonably in market searching There are many potential markets for our aquiculture to enter into for example China market and Hong Kong Exclusive economic zone are evaluated as potential market for our aquiculture industry The demands for aquiculture industry are getting much higher in species and abundant products, including high value products as raw fisheries to lower value products as friedfishes Along with 1, 3 millions of inhabitants and great development economy, living life standards of the people are much considerably increasing According to the research, the Chinese is trending to have more aquiculture products in their daily meals By the way, the Chinese does not highly require in food quality and safety as in EU nations and America markets China is considered as an easy market, the exportation products rejected by EU due to unqualified wrapping can be accepted to use in this market It can be said that this an essential advantages of the Vietnamese enterprises raising and processing aquaculture products There are a lot of advantages since we enter into China market; it is especially true for aquaculture industry: we can develop our long-term business relationship, the common boundary curve, experiences in aquaculture development, etc Therefore, Vietnam aquaculture is not only be exported to America, Japan or EU markets Over the lasts years, turn- over of Vietnam aquaculture into China has been enhanced, following year is higher than the previous years China market is considered as potential market needed being exploited and developed by our aquaculture To deeply understand the development processes of our aquaculture industry during the last few years, and China market and its important potential to our aquaculture industry I China market and factors influence on aquaculture exportation to the market 1 China market a Economic characteristics China has completed its socio-economy system China is a big country having many administrative zones with different characteristics in potential and demands; each area has its own strength China is also a member of WTO and other international organizations China prioritizes to develop Exclusive Economic zones (EEZ), and these EEZ shall be developed to large commercial areas, advanced outward processing factories, high qualified areas having efficient conveniences and huge international information center in the future China opens its economic border gates It focus much on developing marginal term of trade China Government renews external trade organizations, makes them simpler and reduces verbose administrative procedures in order to make exportation activities more convenient Develop to execute active business activities to the localities and practicing trade responsibility system Renovation of the trade plan institution is by from two-way system to one-way system The government implements relaxing financial foreign trade relations, separate financial obligation between the central and local China has made the distribution of foreign trade profits and large-scale responsibility solutions, put the exchange of foreign currency for the entire export business foreign trade at different levels and the type of in-put profit and exchange profits by basic factor system and contracted sale for the enterprises b Political characteristics China is following the socialist economic institutions Perform three factor theories namely: theory of Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping way China implements the program of multilateralism, diversification of foreign economic relations and international economic integration initiative Involved in many of the political and economic organizations in the world, they are expanding and affirming the role of the world's most populous country c Legal characteristics China uses tax tools, export subsidies, financial assistance, exchange rate policy, trade promotion support For the tax, China applied as a tool to protect domestic production d Characteristics of human culture Chinese consumers prefer imported products with high technology, although Chinese attaches great importance to domestic goods Imported products are preferred and they still choose to buy imported goods if it is possible, especially the high-tech items Demands of the Chinese market are quite diverse and the market is considered relatively easy due to the different segments of the population that have different incomes This market is characterized by the existence of various kinds of goods that have different specifications and quality to such an extent that the price is different of tens or even hundreds of times Chinese entrepreneurs like "bordering trade" because in this way they are returned the value-added tax to 50% 2 China aquaculture market a Situation of exploitation and aquaculture in China After the reforms of the past 20 years, from 1979 to 1999 average output value of China's seafood industry annually increase of 22.25% By 1979 output value of the seafood industry accounts for 0.7 percent of GDP, but by 1999 it had increased to 2.4%, including fishing and aquaculture China's total seafood production in 1999 is over 40 million tons –ranked top in the world Located in Southeast Asia, with more than 18,000 km adjacent to the Pacific Ocean and including more than 500 large and small islands: China is a country with the potential to develop the world's most modern fisheries Besides it is the most populous country in the world, China can not take fisheries development prop up for billions of people In the past 10 years by priority investment- China has accounted for nearly 30% of the total mining production and global aquaculture Become the world's biggest aquaculture Moreover in their fisheries development strategy China has confirmed development strategy "go outside" China has signed a number of cooperation agreements on fisheries with other countries For example, the fisheries agreement signed with Myanmar allows Chinese fishing boats in operation in Myanmar seaboard China's guidelines are: At first, they contribute to the partnership, helping partners and after implementation of mutual benefit They say the goal of the Chinese seafood industry is not the protection and rational use of natural resources but also through the partnership of equality and mutual benefit, opening up the use of fisheries resources of the other countries and customs To protect marine resources China has done is planned mining production growth rate by zero Although the country is the world's No 1 seafood exploitation, the country has not increased production since 2000 In China, the government implements a ban on exploitation of marine resources in the South China Sea region, although this region is very important fishing grounds of seafood in China, concentrated in the provinces of Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan, the annual mining production accounts for 1/3 of the national mining To protect marine resources the Government of this country is carried out to stop exploitation in each sea areas on the appropriate time of the year b Seafood processing and export situation in China China is emerging as Asia's largest seafood market and both for importation for consumption in the country and for re-exportation The fishery is developed rapidly but China has yet to ensure individual needs that still have to import as populous rate and consumption is higher than the one of the world on average In 1999, China imported 1.35 million tons of seafood and Chinese seafood imports trend continues to increase To balance China is very interested in the development of fisheries exports However, Chinese seafood quality have problems (the amount of microorganisms or antibiotics exceed prescribed regulations) so the foreign exporters often reject the goods Though a number of seafood processing enterprises has obtained the certificate of HACCP (Hazard Analysis and Critical Control pint), their export products still fail to comply with the requirements of the importing country because the standard import seafood exports of those countries (like Japan, Korea, U.S., EU) are relatively high According to experts, the main reason of this situation is due to culture fisheries Specifically dirty daily water in cities, industrial waste water has made the access to marine waters contaminated Through testing it was discovered in the seaboard areas near the Chinese shore are usually affected by inorganic nitrogen and active phosphate Moreover in sea water in the Gulf and seaboard nearby China contain still harmful creature Also in the process of raising seafood, food for shrimp, fish and dirt from shrimp, fish excrete together with chemical drugs make the waters for fisheries contaminated According to the preliminary assessment, mollusk animal per week usually released 6-8 tons of dirt in many places in China, households cage fishes, because they want to make use of the water as much as possible, had arranged cages density and the number of fish in cages as much, causing serious water pollution, poor water quality When a cage is contracted disease it shall be easy to contaminate another cage The cage aquaculture in the high density also causes on traffic flow in aquaculture areas affected making aquaculture environment more polluted, energy circulation is hindered, slow growth rate of seafood and seafood pathogenesis c Situation of China importation and exportation of seafood According to the FAO, between 1995 and 1997 world demand for seafood increased by 14 million tons, but since 1997 the fishing output has not increased In the future, the sea is a major source of food supply for human and marine aquaculture industry is an important industry Globalization of the world economy and trade liberalization is an inevitable trend of the development of the world economy After China joined the WTO they have to implement the provisions of this organization and to participate in building the new rules of international seafood trade, to further promote their positive role in economic development of the world Then these commercial disputes related to the WTO rules and standards for production and processing methods PPM will be even more intense In July 1997, on the basis of the report of the World Health Organization's decision, EU ban imported Chinese “ca quat” fish Chinese “ca quat” fish accounted for 80% of the world “ca quat” fish By doing this the EU has caused damages to the European importers and consumers Although the reasons given by the EU is not accurate, but at that time China had not joined in the WTO, therefore the problem has not been resolved properly Through many discussions until 1999, the new EU sent investigation teams to China, and then the import of fish from Chinese fans is restored This demonstrates that, even though the PPM standard is not very plausible, but it was approved by the developed countries , then China must respect it After joining the WTO, China will no longer be discriminated against, the administrative barriers that were installed by some countries in trade relations with China will be eliminated, the cost of the purchase and sale of seafood will be reduced China will have chance to import aquaculture skills, and advanced processed aquaculture of the foreign countries, improve labor productivity in the fisheries sector, enhance its competitiveness d Demand, consumer tastes of Chinese seafood With 1.3 billion people, with diverse demands on seafood such as shrimp, fresh fish, fish fin, abalone, oyster pearl, sea cucumber, cotton scraps, dried squid Especially salted fish consumption is very great in the border provinces Chinese import demand for its market is great both for consumption in the domestic market and for re-exporting to other countries The cities need to import more lobster, prawn, tuna; squid used for their re-exported policy, China demands to import more raw materials e Regulation and management of imported Chinese seafood China recently launched a series of new regulations, applicable from 30/6 on labeling, packaging and certification of goods inventory, quarantine (The label must indicate the name of the common mode of exploitationimported goods will be returned or destroyed if not coinciding with certificate) makes it more difficult for most of our seafood exports especially with small quota items According to the signed framework agreements on free trade area ASEAN – China, since 1/7/2003 this country will lower tariffs on imported seafood products as defined in Chapter 3 For Vietnam's seafood exports to China, China will implement the tariff reductions of about 25% compared to previous time 3 Factors affecting the export of aquatic products into the Chinese market a The favorable factors - About the characteristics of the Chinese market: China is a big market, its population accounts for 1/5 of the world population This is a potential market for Vietnamese seafood exports China is on track to economic growth China's demand for seafood increased from low to high quality Subscribe recent years, the observers find out that Chinese meals are inclined to seafood consumption, per capita consumption in 1998 was 18 kg, 23 kg in 2000 and in 2001 was about 25 - 30 kg This is an open door for Vietnamese seafood to getting easier penetration into the Chinese market Wealthy requires seafood to be "high quality" as they prefer imported products than domestic products The remaining majority of the Chinese people with average income just need seafood at popular level, totally not strict in product quality, they like eating salted dry products Particularly some provinces in bordering produce salted fish products having special flavor that only the Chinese preferred To seize the demands, production of the items quickly adapts for each consumers, further penetrates the Chinese market, therefore the value of Vietnamese seafood in China in recent years have always increased years after years - Geographical location: Vietnam is a country bordering with China having trade relations for a long time, to grasp and understand the characteristics and needs of the Chinese people become easier Vietnam seafood can be transported by both road and sea-route by short time and short distances Vietnam has many economic borders with China, such as: Tan Thanh (Lang Son), Mong Cai (Quang Ninh), etc, especially for the fisheries sector, the Mong Cai border-gate is a key: firstly it is one of the gates where the flow of goods transfer with great speed, secondly Quang Ninh province is a potential seafood province ranked second in the Red River delta - Economic relations: In November 2002 Asean countries and China have signed with framework agreement on comprehensive economic cooperation between ASEAN-China in 2010, according to which "early harvest program" has been signed According to this process since 1st January 2004 Vietnam and China will reduce the import tax in the roadmap gradually extended to 2008 Most of the items involved in this program are the agricultural products, vegetables and seafood Since 2002 exported products from Vietnam to China will be entitled to specific average tax rate reduced by 25% in comparison to the previous In March 2002 China made an official report to the Ministry of Trade of Vietnam regarding to that China makes priorities the most favored nation (MFN) to import tariffs in China according to the standards of World trade organization (WTO) b Unfavorable factors - Toward China: Faced with poor quality of their seafood China should have a transitional period Over the past years the Chinese Ministry of Agriculture has regulations on the protection of aquatic resources, but does not have a complete legal system of import and export seafood Within 5 years (2001 - 2005) seafood consumption in China may exceed EU and only behind the U.S and Japan These are great opportunities for our country's fisheries sector However, it must be that the market is not without obstacles According to Vietnamese enterprises, the biggest obstacle to trade with China is currently negotiating trade Chinese people have the habit of bargaining very much so the actual "final price" is the starting price for negotiations, this requires expert negotiators have to be very patient, and identify partners whether he is the one giving the final decisions or not China Currency management is very tight, the number of Vietnamese companies is allowed to pay in U.S dollars is very limited and mostly China is not implementing according to international rules by L / C In terms of the safety in commercial, payment made by sea-route meets lots of risks Moreover tariffs on goods imported seafood are generally higher than the U.S., Japan and other Asian countries Despite these obstacles there is not any way to pass over The problem is to study carefully the partners, having a thorough understanding of the business environment to find reasonable mode of behavior to success To conquer the Chinese market, we have to spend a lot of effort and time to find reliable partners for business, so the Vietnamese seafood enterprises try to have a lot of efforts in accessing, selecting companies, large corporations having enough prestige and commercial capacity to establish long-term trade relations - Toward Viet Nam: The biggest obstacle for us is the customs procedures at border areas So far we still have struggled in regulation and policy, not as flexibility as China China is not interested in whether the quota is small or big, despite of the fact that benefits are made They are ready to put mechanisms into difficult place, for example, goods transferred through Bac Luan border-gate are dutiable of 100% then transferred by the river is only 50% Although Decision 53 create open mechanisms, there are no written instructions, as the result, any items passed over to China by lucky is good, not mentioned to the sudden detention Our mining clearance is limited, while China exported goods can go at any place Our tax policies have also undermined by the operator, therefore our products are at the China price pressure due to a tumor, causing the Vietnamese enterprises dumping of ourselves II Status of Vietnam seafood exportation to the Chinese market 1 The development of the Vietnamese fisheries sector a Potential of Vietnamese fisheries sector • Resource potential: Vietnam has a long coastline of 3260 km, 12 lagoons, 112 rivers, creeks, of which 47 Watergates in depth from 1.6 to 3.0 m allowing fishing boat with capacity of 140cv coming in & out when there is tide The system of 4000 islands , especially the infrastructure can be built in Hoang Sa and Truong Sa islands for serving offshore fishing, aquaculture and national security protection Vietnam Sea include: internal waters and territorial sea of 226 000 km2, the exclusive economic waters is 1000.000 km2 There are many bays and sheltered accommodation for boats and for aquaculture The islands like Bach Long Vi, Li Son, Phu Quy, Con Dao, Phu Quoc, Hon Khoai, Tho Chu, etc belonging to the major fishing grounds are favorable for exploitation of marine resources • Human Potential: Vietnam belongs to the world's most populous country Approximately 75% of the population lives in rural areas, where people live in coastal having growth rate higher than the national average (2.2%) Vietnamese population in general is young and it is an advantage Especially with the coastal population, due to high birth rates, low life standard, life expectancy is not high, hence the proportion of youth in the fisheries sector is growing But now this advantage is not well promoted because education and professional qualifications of the labor force is low Number of households and number of employees in the fisheries sector has increased steadily over the years The population and employment in the fisheries sector in Vietnam during 1995 2000 Số hộ TS/ 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Nhân khẩu (Ngàn người ) 267.94 Lao động 282.098 293.464 301.925 337.640 339.613 (Ngàn người) 462,9 509,8 558,4 659,2 719,4 659,2 Information source: Statistical yearbook and data from the report of the fisheries sector Then, with the above population status, Vietnam is capable to supply enough of abundant labor for every sectors of the national economy, including fisheries to promote the production and consumption of fisheries products 2 Vietnam's export performance in recent years a Vietnam market of Seafood exportation In the past, Viet Nam seafood with a small amount of low quality could only have a small way to the world market, it is the relationship with Hong Kong and Singapore markets Vietnamese seafood restaurant are now available in more than 60 countries and territories, including large and fastidious markets such as the EU and the U.S Vietnamese seafood gradually has established a firm position in the Japanese market and the countries in the region, thereby reducing difficulties when there is volatility in the market So far, more than 30% the proportion of Vietnamese seafood are exported to the U.S market Approximately more than 20% of the products exported to Japanese market The rest (about 40%) are distributed in the markets of Asia and the EU - Seafood export market: Vietnam has identified four main markets namely the U.S., EU, Japan, China, Hong Kong: + U.S market: This is a market with high purchasing power with the higher value specialty the easier to sell, but the products have to scarify the HACCP standards and must ensure the committed conditions In 1999, seafood products exported to the U.S market only reached at 130 million USD, to $ 310 million in 2000, an increase of 2.32 times, $ 500 million in 2001 which was higher 3.85 times compared with 1999 and 600 million in 2002 which was higher 4.62 times compared with 1999 U.S market occupied the top spot with about 32% of the total seafood export turnover of Vietnam during 2001 and 2002 In 2003, Vietnam's seafood exports to the U.S increased by 26.64% compared to 2002 and accounted for about 38% of the total seafood export turnover + Japan Market: Over the last twenty years, Japan is still importing seafood market in large quantities from Vietnam; there are 150 Vietnamese enterprises exports seafood to this market Vietnamese seafood exported to the Japanese market in 1999 reached 353 million USD, 469 million USD in 2002, 471 million USD in 2001, $ 500 million in 2002, and accounting for 27% In 2003 exports to this market increased by 6% compared to 2002 and accounted for 26.4% of Vietnamese seafood exports + The EU has 15 members, with 337 million people GDP is more than 9000 billion per year the seafood was consumed fast Vietnam's seafood exported to EU market during 90 years ranked second, in 2000 put up the top The EU market is not identical but different countries; in fact groups of population, geographic regions have different culinary characteristics Therefore, seafood export turnover of Vietnam to this market is stable in the range of 80 - 100 million USD In 2003, exports to the EU increased by 60%, but only accounted for 5.5% Structure of Vietnam seafood export distributed by the market (%) Thị trường 1997 2000 2001 2002 Nhật Bản 50 33 26 27 EU 10 7 6 3 Mỹ 5 21 28 32 Trung quốc 14 20 18 15 Các nước khác 21 19 22 23 Tổng 100 100 100 100 Nguồn: Bộ Thủy Sản China and Hong Kong are two potential markets Due to the location close to Vietnam, the largest seafood consumer demand and rapidly growing with a variety of product types, from very high value products such as fresh fish to lower value product categories such as dried fish These countries do not require high quality and food safety as EU and the United States China joined the WTO also facilitating for our marine products to enter the market faster because Vietnam enjoys tax rate as a member of the WTO This is an opportunity for small and medium-sized businesses to have access to the market, but generally low and price pressure and even though there are enough goods or customers, Vietnamese enterprises still can not make a sale Moreover, Thailand, Hong Kong, Singapore, Taiwan has high processing technologies they intend to import the raw materials or semi-aquatic so the proportion of refined products in this region is low For some other markets, such as Indonesia, Philippines (and also North Africa) our volume and turnover of seafood is low there, the items are not diverse This is due to the ability to supply and demand in Vietnam and those countries are relatively similar Asian countries are very important markets, accounting for nearly 30% of our total exports However, in these markets exists a paradox, despite not far geographically, the ability to sell Vietnamese seafood products here is weak If we take the time to deeply explore the customers who are the distributors for the local market, raising the proportion of value-added products, processed and packaged products sold in supermarkets is not too difficult Research on seafood export market shows that most of Vietnamese enterprises are simultaneously export to different markets, especially the U.S., Japan, EU, then the Chinese market, only a handful of companies professionally export to other markets b Turnover of Vietnam seafood exports Vietnam's seafood has been in more than 60 countries and FAO ranked us 15th in the seafood export powers, shrimp exports ranked third in the Japanese market, ranking fifth on the U.S market In 2002 Vietnam's seafood exports faced many difficulties: the first quarter we only reached $ 323.218 million U.S, equivalently 90.88% compared with the same period in 2001 Six months of turnover 816 trieu123, or 98% compared to the same period in 2001 In 2003 seafood export turnover of Vietnam has completed in excess of the plan: as the value of $ 2.24 billion III Status of Vietnam seafood exports to the Chinese market in recent years 1 Export turnover - The rapid expansion of the Chinese seafood market - a potential market (In 1996, China imported $ 150 million U.S of seafood products, the average import growth in recent years is about 24%) Export turnover in the Chinese market was $ 99 million USD in 1999, $ 213 million USD in 2000, $ 279 million USD in 2001, and $ 314 million USD in 2002 accounting for 15.7% - In 2003, contrary to the expectations of many people, exportation to China, Taiwan, and Hong Kong unprecedentedly declined Corresponding to the three markets are on -71.5%, -23%, -41.1% and only accounting for 9.9% of total exports compared with in year 2002 Exports turnover to this market was down from 16.25% in 2002 to approximately 7% in years 2003 Though in 2003 Vietnamese seafood exports to China fell sharply but the Vietnamese seafood value in China in recent years has always reached at higher than previous year - The number of enterprises set foot penetrating the Chinese market is also growing If there are new 52 Vietnamese businesses exporting to the Chinese market, then in 2000 & 2001 that number reaches at 90 the companies purchase seafood specialties are on top Seafood export company II - Quang Ninh province and the seafood export company in the Northern provinces are geographically close to China By 2003 the number of enterprises exploiting market expansion has significantly increased 2 Structure of seafood exportation Vietnam's exports fisheries industry is divided into three groups: Type of highly competitiveness, possibly competitive and less competitive type - In the first group consists of shrimp, mollusk, mollusks, bivalves, crab, ground fish, freshwater white fish with little bone and traditional ethnic products such as fish sauce, shrimp chips - For the second group, Vietnam still does not have a competitive advantage, but in the future we may develop export if we have mining technology and good processing The forefront of this group is tuna, particularly yellowfin tuna and big eye tuna - In the third group consists of small fish, such as mackerel, snapper, silver cheek, scad the ability to compete is less because small size fish is easy to be considered as trash Also, bivalve mollusks such as crabs, snails, oysters also fall into this category In the diversification of commodity structure, shrimp is still the main export items, the highest competitive Shrimp increasingly plays an important role in the total seafood export value The rates of krill in seafood products are increasing The output structure of Vietnam seafood export product groups Các mặt hàng 1997 2000 2001 2002 Tôm đông lạnh 54 45 44 47 Cá đông lạnh 14 16 17 18 15 7 7 7 Hàng khô 8 13 11 8 Hải Sản khác 9 19 21 20 100,0 100,0 100,0 Mực, bạch tuộc Tổng 100,0 Information source: Ministry of Fisheries 3 Export procedures Vietnam seafood exports to China are by three ways: main category export, subcategory export and cross-border smuggling between Vietnam and China We do not pay much attention on exploiting main category Today we prefer to export by the intermediary method and re-export center Not applying dealers selling the products in this market Not to take advantage of market opportunities to boost exports In the near future we have to conduct technological innovation, enhance the competitiveness of our seafood, in which we should have better conditions to improve export methods from indirect export mode through intermediary to the direct export method For the Chinese market we export can proceed in the form of temporary export, through this form we can promote our brand for seafood in the Chinese market 4 Competitiveness of our seafood products China seafood in recent times has problems with food safety export, so requirements in this market have increased For this market we are able to compete on price and quality but especially price competition However, for the advantage products of our country mostly is the products made from shrimp, this type of product has difficulty in competing on price Vietnam's cost is higher than one of China Vietnamese shrimp is average of 50 - 60 thousand VND / kg, while the price of China is $ 2.4 IV Measures to promote Vietnamese seafood exports to the Chinese market Strengthening market research: China is a large potential market for our aquatic to enter Now this is the market where our country started to boost seafood exports - and the question is that we have to understand the market in order to avoid the risks in the business-which is easily to happen Strengthen the export promotion activities in the Chinese market: For fisheries trade promotion activities to the Chinese market firstly export enterprises have to access to specific information about markets, Chinese customers, the grasp of the law, international trade policies of China Strengthen relationships with partners combined with information about competitors and the competitive situation in the Chinese market Measures to improve the competitiveness of seafood products: Enhance the ability to compete on price: This is the most powerful competitive items Vietnamese seafood in the current years We have to try to lower the cost of the product: reduce material costs, reduce post-harvest losses and costs related to standardization process of export goods - Quality competition: We should have the solutions and technology together with upgrading production conditions, hygiene and food safety in accordance with industry regulations as well as international standards Set up regimes of regular supervision and inspection The business must aim to make urgent quality management program under GMP, SSOP and HACCP - Categories of competition: now processing seafood products in Vietnam less species diversity Should a market with diverse needs of aquatic products such as China, we have further expanded the list of strategic export categories to increase competitiveness Conclusions Through researches on the Chinese market and solutions to promote our country's seafood exports to this market, China is considered as potential market that Vietnamese fisheries sector can exploit and expand Facing the development requirements of the country's key economic sectors requires us to have clear policies to help balance for fisheries development firm in competitive conditions Vietnam seafood industry has great potential to grow in the future; we need to invest more in the production process In the mining sector, we should invest in all kinds of fishing means and select highly efficient form of fisheries ... exports to China, China will implement the tariff reductions of about 25% compared to previous time Factors affecting the export of aquatic products into the Chinese market a The favorable factors... its important potential to our aquaculture industry I China market and factors influence on aquaculture exportation to the market China market a Economic characteristics China has completed its... exported products from Vietnam to China will be entitled to specific average tax rate reduced by 25% in comparison to the previous In March 2002 China made an official report to the Ministry of Trade
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