TT TIENG ANH quản lý liên kết giữa nhà trường và doanh nghiệp trong đào tạo nguồn nhân lực ngành may ở thành phố hồ chí minh hiện nay

1 INTRODUCTION Reasons for choosing dissertation topic Before the development trend of the society, international integration and the need to train high quality human resources in all fields, meeting the requirements of the cause of industrialization and modernization of the country; The Communist Party of Vietnam has advocated: "Building the open education, practical education, good education, good management; Rational structure and mode of education, associated with building learning societies; Ensure quality improvement conditions; standardization, modernization, democratization, socialization and international integration of the education and training system "[13, p.122] In the period of integration, higher education in general and vocational training in particular have achieved great achievements in terms of development scale, quality and efficiency, and made a worthy contribution to the cause of human resource training of labor force in the fields of the country and the socio-economic development of the localities, especially the big cities Over the years, the training of human resources in the garment sector in Ho Chi Minh City has achieved remarkable achievements thanks to the close association with enterprises The linkage between the school and textile enterprises in human resource training has been focused on meeting the labor demand, contributing positively to improve the quality of training of vocational schools today However, this linkage practice is experiencing difficulties, both in theory and practice, caused mainly by the management With the development of economy, production of garment products is increasingly high quality and tend to thrive; To meet this demand, the model of linking training human resources of the garment industry is setting high demands on quality, content program, teaching and learning organization, facilities, teaching staff the management style in order to create a new face, contribute to training high quality human resources of the garment industry, meet the requirements of the industrialization and modernization of the country At present, in Vietnam, many vocational schools are carrying out vocational training with relatively large scale and abundant business structure However, training quality in most vocational schools is not high; Learners who have graduated from vocational schools still not meet the job requirements One of the most important causes of this phenomenon is the lack of strict management of the association between the school and the enterprise in vocational training 2 Management practices show that "training" offered by vocational schools is based primarily on the ability of the school, not to mention "demand" from the business; This leads to an imbalance between supply and demand in terms of scale, structure and especially quality, resulting in large wastage and ineffective training, which is a major contradiction to be resolved Both in terms of theory, practice and solutions Managing the link between human resources training and business has many scientific works of authors at home and abroad However, the problem of linkage between schools and enterprises in the training of human resources in the garment industry in Ho Chi Minh City has not been studied in a fundamental, systematic and concrete way Based on the above reasons, the author selected the topic: "Management of the linkage between the school and enterprises in the training of human resources in the garment industry in Ho Chi Minh City today” as a topic of the dissertation Research purpose Based on the theoretical and practical aspects of managing the training of human resources in the garment industry, the dissertation proposes measures to manage the linkage between schools and enterprises in training human resources in the garment industry in Ho Chi Minh City, contributing to improve the quality of training of the school, meet the needs of employers in the context of globalization and international economic integration today The subject, object, scope of research and scientific hypothesis * Research subject Management of the linkage between the school and enterprises in the training of human resources in the garment industry in Ho Chi Minh City today * Research object Management of the linkage between the school and enterprises in the training of human resources in the garment industry in Ho Chi Minh City today * Scope of research The scope of the study is the management of the linkage between vocational colleges and garment enterprises in Ho Chi Minh City The dissertation only studies at vocational colleges and all enterprises except for enterprises with 100% foreign capital 3 Study sites: Sewing schools and garment enterprises in Ho Chi Minh City Time and research data: from 2013 up to now * Scientific hypothesis The linkage between the school and the enterprise in the training of human resources for the garment industry is based on the demand for labor quality; and management of this linking activity is based on the high demand for education quality of the school If the managers establishes exactly the target, has a strategic plan in linking activities, attaches great importance to the implementation of management measures applied to schools, enterprises and learners, perfecting institutions and policies to encourage the close relationship between the training establishment and the enterprise; To develop the system of connecting consultancy and job introduction for students after their graduation; At the same time, close cooperation between schools and enterprises in monitoring, supervising and evaluating the training results will improve the effectiveness of linkage between schools and enterprises in training human resources in the garment industry in Ho Chi Minh City in the new context and the future Methodology and research methods * Methodology The dissertation is based on the thorough understanding of the materialist dialectics of Marxist-Leninist philosophy, the viewpoints of Ho Chi Minh and the Communist Party of Vietnam on education and educational management; at the same time apply the system-structural approach; logical approach; approach to supply and demand and practical approach in the implementation of research tasks * Research methods - Methods of theoretical research - Practical research methods - Method of data processing and evaluation by mathematical statistics New contributions of the dissertation The dissertation contributes to clarify and systematize the theory of the management of linking training the human resources of the garment industry between schools and enterprises; In particular, the conceptual framework for linkage management, management content and factors influencing research are discussed The dissertation surveys and evaluates the relationship between the school and enterprises in the training of human resources in the garment industry in Ho Chi Minh City, find out the causes and lessons learned The dissertation proposes the basic measures to manage the link between schools and enterprises in training human resources in the garment industry in Ho Chi Minh City, meeting the requirements of improving the quality of labor of the garment industry in the time the industrialization and modernization of the country Theoretical, practical significances of the dissertation * Theoretical significances The results of the dissertation contributes to the overall development of education management science At the same time, it also contributes to the development of training management theory in general, the theory of management of the linkage between the school and enterprises in training human resources in the garment industry in Ho Chi Minh City in particular * Practical significances Based on the practical situation, the dissertation shows the real data of the linkage and management of linkage between schools and enterprises in the training of human resources in the garment industry in Ho Chi Minh City to help leaders of the vocational schools and enterprises have a practical basis in managing and managing the linkage between schools and enterprises in training human resources for reality The dissertation proposes feasible measures to manage the linkage between schools and enterprises in the training of human resources in the garment industry in Ho Chi Minh City, thereby contributing to improving the quality of human resources training General, human resources in the garment industry in particular The research results of the dissertation is the scientific basis for applying the management of the association between schools and enterprises in the training of human resources in the garment industry; can be used as a reference for educational managers, corporate managers to improve the efficiency of joint management of human resources training for the country Structure of the dissertaion The dissertation includes introduction, four chapters (12 periods), conclusions, list of scientific works of the author related to the dissertation, list of references and appendices Chapter OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH ISSUES RELATED TO DISSERTATION 1.1 Scientific research works on the association between the vocational schools in the training of human resources 1.1.1 Scientific research of foreign authors According to the authors X.IA Batusep AE Klimov, NV Cudmina, IE.A Parapanovara: Vocational training in the Soviet Union in the 70s of the twentieth century is divided into four separate periods, namely: the period of choosing job and studying in the vocational schools; the stage of gaining knowledge, professional skills; the stage of vocational adaptation and finally the realization of each part of the activities in the factories Therefore, TV Cuđrisep said that the process of vocational training divided into phases created great difficulties in the process of vocational training and education, making vocational training more and more imposing and they donnot found the relationship between the stages of formation and between schools and factories, enterprises [56] In the book, "The Origins of the Wealth of Nations in 1776," Adam Smith emphasizes the skills and experience that learners have accumulated during their practice in factories Author V.E Tra Kho An in his research on vocational training asserted that "the level of skilled worker training in the socialist countries depends very much on the right combination between teaching in school and real If there is a lack of the principle of combining teaching with production, the vocational training system can not train skilled workers "[56] Studies in the United States indicate that to express the link between school and business in human resource training and management, the term "college chemistry" (company universities to indicate that the training facilities have the characteristics such that the person with the experience of undertaking the enterprise is the principal, using the "market" method to attract good students, or invite well-known scholars to teach In his studies, German educator Heinrich Abel argued that the combined model of training at the university and manufacturing enterprises was considered to be a form of basic education and widely applied throughout the country A typical example is what he called the Dual System (which is called "dual training", parallel training or parallel training) by Vietnamese education researchers It is thanks to this model that schools and enterprises are closely integrated to train human resources to meet the needs of the enterprises themselves 1.1.2 Scientific research of authors in Vietnam Scientific research works on the linkage of the training of human resources between schools and enterprises in the form of scientific topics or doctoral theses; as follows: Le Huu Phuoc, National University of Ho Chi Minh City, researches: "Solutions to bridge the gap between training and labor market" [39] Phan Minh Hien (2009) with the research work: "Situation of vocational training to meet business needs in the current context" Hoang Xuan Truong (2009) with his work "Some solutions combine training between schools and enterprises to improve the quality of vocational training in Nghe An" [51] The reasearch work "Improving the quality of vocational training by strengthening the link between vocational schools and enterprises" under the technical and vocational project of the General Department of Vocational Training [50] Tran Khac Hoan with his dissertation on "Strengthening the relationship between the school and enterprises" has analyzed and developed a system of solutions to strengthen the relationship between the school and enterprises export to improve the quality of training [25] The dissertation by Tran Anh Tai (2009) studies the issue of "Combination of training with using, school and business", which offers solutions to combination of training with using, school with society [47] In the study "Cooperation between enterprises and schools in the context of radical and comprehensive renovation of education and training" Nguyen Van Tu argued that: it is very important to combine between the enterprise and the training institution to contribute to the development and implementation of high quality human resource training or quality training [55] Pham Van Nam (2014) with his dissertation on economics: "Improving the training quality of university through cooperation between universities and economic sectors in Hanoi" There is a need for co-operation between schools and businesses, and at the same time addressing a wide range of issues of concern both [36] 1.2 Studies on the linkage between schools and enterprises in human resource training Discussing the benefits of training assosiation, Kathrin Hoeckel (2008), Costs and Benefits in Vocational Education and Training; Lisbeth Lundahh and Theodor Sander [66] (Lisbeth Lundahh and Theodor Sander (1998), Vocational Education and Training in Germany and Sweden, TNTEE publications volume 1, August, Sweden); Rita Nikolai and Chrisstian Ebner [68] Rita Nikolai and Christian Ebner (2011), The links between vocational training and higher education in Switzerland, Austria and Germany Interpretation of the ECER 2011 Conference in Berlin, commented on three levels of benefit: (personal benefits); Intermediate level (corporation benefits) and macro level (social benefits) G.A Ivanop (1982) proposed solutions to the management of joint training for the benefit of stakeholders [29] Authors Ann Dykman, David R Mandel [62], Chana Kaspipar, Se-Yung Lim, Alexander Schnarr; Wu Quanquan [64] mentions positive linkages such as training in factories, production sites [69] 1.2.2 The work of the authors in Vietnam 1.2.2 The work of the authors in Vietnam The dissertation of Nguyen Xuan Vinh (2008) "Research on scientific theoriesl and strategic solutions for vocational development in Nghe An province in the process of industrialization and modernization and international intergration" which proposes a system of vocational training development solutions that meet the requirements of the cause of industrialization, modernization and international integration of Vietnam Nguyen Van Anh (2009) with her dissertation on education "Cooperation between vocational training institutions and enterprises in industrial zones" has proposed three groups of solutions to strengthen the coordination between training establishments vocational training and business [1] Dao Thi Thanh Thuy (2009) with her dissertation "Management training technical staffs to meet the development needs of industrial parks in key economic region of Central Vietnam to 2020", proposes solutions suitable to specific industrial zones of the key economic region in Central Vietnam until 2020 [49] 8 Research projects on management of human resources for textile and garment research include: Pham Minh Phuong (2009) with the dissertation "Research on training management model human resources in Vietnamese garment enterprises "[40]; Nguyen Thi Bich Thu (2011) " Developing a sustainable linkage between training institutions and garment enterprises in the trend of WTO integration "[48] Nguyen Tuyet Lan (2015 with her dissertation on education management "Managing the training links between vocational colleges and enterprises in Vinh Phuc province to meet the requirements of human resource development" 1.3 Overview of research results of published scientific works related to dissertation and issues that need to be solved 1.3.1 Outline the results of the published scientific work The linkage of the training of human resources between the school and enterprises in the industry has been studied by many countries in the world and the Vietnamese authors have formed a theoretical basis, practical and experience of linkage of human resources training between schools and businesses On the other hand, the general and comprehensive approach of educators is quite suitable for linking training human resources in Vietnam today The point of view is to find solutions for joint development of human resources to apply to the grassroots level (schools, enterprises and trainees), which includes the management of this linkage: Linkage of building objectives, contents of the program, renovating training methods; Linkage of strengthening human resources - material resources for vocational training; Linkage of implementing the training process and information - services At the same time, to find solutions to perfect institutions and policies to promote sectoral relations such as regulations on coordination in promulgation of the framework program on vocational training in the whole country; To regulate and inspect the updating of advanced and modern technologies and production lines in the program's contents; business representatives in the admissions councils, evaluation councils for the award of professional diplomas and certificates, their responsibilities and obligations; The policy encourages enterprises to invest in workshops and equipment in vocational training; To develop vocational training establishments in enterprises; building and perfecting the labor market information system in general and labor market through vocational training; connection between the counseling system, vocational guidance vocational training - job counseling - business; and the establishment of the National Board and School Board 1.3.2 The issues that dissertation to be solved When doing the research of management of the linkage between the training of human resources in the garment industry between enterprises and schools in Ho Chi Minh City as well as in Vietnam today, there are a number of issues that need to be further researched as follows: Firstly, the theory of management of the linkage between the training of human resources in the garment industry between enterprises and schools has not been thoroughly researched, especially the basic concepts and content of linkage management and the factors that influence this activity, so it is necessary to have an indepth analysis and analysis of this issue, to create a theoretical basis for the research problem Secondly, the situation of the linkage between the training of human resources in the garment industry between enterprises and schools in Ho Chi Minh City, a leading economic center of Vietnam has not been studied carefully and clearly yet; Therefore, it is necessary to have an objective analysis and evaluation of this situation and create a practical basis for solving the problem Thirdly, the practice requires highly effective and feasible solutions in the management of linking the training of human resources for the garment industry between schools and enterprises in Ho Chi Minh City such as planning and organizing the effective implementation of programs and contents for training and diversification of forms of linkage, direct the renewal of the mode of evaluation of training results, ensuring conditions for the association between schools and the training of human resources in the garment industry in Ho Chi Minh City; contributing to improve the quality of human resources for textile and garment, meeting the needs of production development and consumption of society in the context of globalization and international integration today; and that is the key issues that dissertation research subject to study and solve 10 Conclusion Chapter Based on the above research studies, to cover comprehensively aspects of the problem of joint training between the school and enterprises, from which to study the inheritance and development, clarify the rationale To provide practical and effective solutions for the management of garment human resources between the school and enterprises in Ho Chi Minh City Chapter THEORETICAL BASIS OF THE MANAGEMENT OF THE LINKAGE BETWEEN THE SCHOOL AND ENTERPRISES IN THE TRAINING OF HUMAN RESOURCES IN THE GARMENT INDUSTRY IN HO CHI MINH CITY 2.1 Theoretical issues of linkage between schools and enterprises in the training of human resources in the garment industry 2.1.1 Linkage between school and enterprise in human resource training 2.1.1.1 The concept of human resource training Human resource training is the systematic process of transferring knowledge, skills, professional skills, expertise and the necesity of ethical qualities and prepare the mind for the learner to go to work independently and contribute to build and protect the country 2.1.1.2 The concept of linkage between schools and enterprises in human resource training Training linkage between schools and enterprises in human resource training is the cooperation and coordination between training institutions and production establishments to jointly perform certain tasks of the training process , in order to contribute to the development of human resource training for the country and benefit each other 2.1.2 Linkage between schools and enterprises in the training of human resources in the garment industry 2.1.2.1 The concept of linkage between schools and enterprises in the training of human resources in the garment industry The linkage between the school and the company in the training of human resources in the garment industry is a combination of ways of cooperation and coordination between schools and 11 enterprises in training high quality workers to meet the requirements of the business and the current employment and labor market 2.1.2.2 The role of the linkage between the school and enterprises in training human resources in the garment industry The linkage between schools and enterprises in human resource training is an indispensable trend contributing to improving the quality of training to meet the social needs, which is the key factor for the schools to improve their training quality and determination branding, even its survival, especially in the context of global integration is a popular trend of the world today At the same time, we will quickly solve the problem of human resources for enterprises, promote the training of the school closer to the needs of society 2.1.3 Models of linkages between schools and enterprises in human resource training 2.1.3.1 A model for linking schools and businesses outside the school - Alternatino training model: "Alternation", as it is called by GTZ Vietnam, is a "collaborative training" that combines typical training in France - "Dual system" training model: "Dual system" is referred to in many ways as "parallel", "double" in terms of content and form is assosiation between schools and enterprises during the training process - Sequential training model: The training process is divided into two phases and is carried out in two locations: schools and enterprises: 2.1.3.2 The model of linkage between the school and the enterprises of the schools It is the linkage of vocational training between schools and school-based enterprises, based on the dependency between vocational schools and enterprises 2.1.3.3 The model of linkage between enterprises and schools which are established in enterprises The company directly opens educational institutions to serve the production and business of enterprises 2.1.4 Content of linkage between school and enterprise in human resource training 2.1.4.1 Linkage of enrollment input 2.1.4.2 Linkage of training organization 2.1.4.3 Linkage of design and development of training programs 2.1.4.4 Linkage of personnel 2.1.4.5 Linkage of information 12 2.1.4.6 Linkage of finance and facilities 2.1.4.7 Linkage of creating jobs for students aftes graduation 2.2 Theoretical issues of linkage management of schools and enterprises in training human resources in the garment industry 2.2.1 The concept of managing the association between schools and enterprises in training human resources in the garment industry Linkage between school and business in garment human resource training is the synthesis of the ways in which the management actors (schools and enterprises) affect the whole content of the association to training human resources for the garment industry with high quality, meeting the objectives and requirements of the school and the labor demand of the garment enterprises Management objectives: To maximize the potential, wisdom, dynamism, creativity, "positive" of the management in both schools and enterprises, contributing to improving training quality; Management subject: The main subject of direct management is the managerial staff at all levels from the faculty to the administration; functional agencies, teaching staff and educational administrators at schools Entities involved in management are directors, deputy directors, functional agencies and factory managers of garment enterprises Institutional management: The whole of the joint training activities, the resources in the school and the business to join the training Management methods include all training activities, from enrollment to training and testing Management methods: The main methods are: administrative methods, methods of education, methods of stimulation 2.2.2 Content management between the school and enterprises in the training of human resources in the garment industry 2.2.2.1 Linking management of entrance admissions 2.2.2.2 Linking management of traning goal setting, training program content, and innovation of training methods 2.2.2.3 Linking management between schools and businesses in organizing teaching activities 2.2.2.4 To manage the coordination among functional agencies in promulgating and perfecting mechanisms and policies on joint training 2.2.2.5 Management of facilities, finance 13 2.2.2.6 Management of system connection between consulting, vocational - vocational training - job introduction 2.2.2.7 Linking management of examines, monitors and evaluates training results 2.3 Factors affecting the linkage management between schools and enterprises in training human resources in the garment industry 2.3.1 Objective factors * Political, economic and social situation * Development strategy of the garment industry * Requirements for the current garment manpower 2.3.2 Subjective factors * Training objectives of the school * Program, content, method and form of training * Method and form of training * Qualifications of trainers and managers * Facilities for training * Student's sense of learning Conclusion Chapter Chapter of the dissertation has discussed the theory issues of management of linkage of training of human resources in the garment industry between schools and enterprises, clarifying the contents of the objectives and requirements for linking schools and enterprises to meet the labor market Based on that, the objectives of training cooperation have been clarified, the content of management and training of human resources in the garment industry between enterprises and enterprises has been clarified At the same time, pointing out the factors that affect the research problem The results of theoretical research will be the basis for the study of the current situation and propose measures to manage the linking training of human resources in the garment industry between schools and enterprises in Ho Chi Minh City to meet the requirement of improving the quality of labor in the garment industry in the period of industrialization and modernization of the country Chapter PRACTICAL BASIS OF THE MANAGEMENT OF THE LINKAGE BETWEEN THE SCHOOL AND ENTERPRISES IN THE TRAINING OF HUMAN RESOURCES IN THE GARMENT INDUSTRY IN HO CHI MINH CITY 14 3.1 Overview of training human resources in the garment industry in Ho Chi Minh City today * Technical training colleges in the garment sector in Ho Chi Minh City In Ho Chi Minh City, there are nine colleges which train sewing technical and fashion design * Scale of garment training at technical colleges in Ho Chi Minh City By 2014, the number of graduated students was 1000; by 2015 was 1255 students (up 265.5%) and it was 1620 by 2016 3.2 Research organization * Purpose of survey Objectively and comprehensively assessing the practical situation of linkage and managing the linkage between schools and enterprises in training human resources in the garment industry in Ho Chi Minh City * Contents of survey Assessment of practical situation of linkage and management of linkages between schools and enterprises in training human resources in the garment industry in Ho Chi Minh City; Assessing the factors that affect the linkage management between schools and enterprises in the training of human resources in the garment industry in Ho Chi Minh City * Object and time of survey - Object of surveyors: PhD students surveyed subjects: Lecturers and managers of schools; managers of enterprises; students and alumni in sewing - Time of surveys: survey data in July 2016 * Survey method We use questionnaire survey The number of questionnaires was 750, the number of questionnaires was full and 700 were randomly selected * Survey data processing tools For the opinion poll, there is only one choice, calculated as a percentage of the data collected There are different indicators for the opinion poll Each indicator is rated at levels, each level assigned with a certain score: good (4 points), good (3 points), average (2 points), weak (1 point) At each level of total score (X) Each indicator shall be summed up for grades (Σ) and average scores plus ( X ) and then ranked in order to assess the degree of achievement of each indicator 3.3 Practical situation of linkage between schools and enterprises in the training of human resources in the garment industry in Ho Chi Minh City 3.3.1 The status of awareness and responsibility of the participants in the training of human resources in the garment industry in Ho Chi Minh City 15 3.3.2 The status of organizing the implementation of the association between the school and enterprises in the training of human resources in the garment industry in Ho Chi Minh City * The linking status of enrollment * Current status of linking training institutions * The linkage between design and curriculum development * Current status of human resources * Link status information * The current status of financial and physical linkages * The link status of job creation for students after graduation 3.3.3 Practical situation of quality, effectiveness of the linkage between the school and enterprises in training human resources in the garment industry * Assessment of students on the quality of training linkage * Assessment by alumni on quality of training linkage * Assessment of the company on quality of training * Overall assessment of the effectiveness of training linkage between schools and businesses The linkage between the school and enterprises in the training of human resources in the garment industry in Ho Chi Minh City has achieved positive results, on the one hand improve the quality of training of the school and on the other hand contribute to the supply of high quality labour for the enterprises However, there are still many constraints leading to the low quality of training, not meeting the requirements of the labor market The main reason leading to the above situation is that from the stage of linkage management, there is a lack of an effective and synchronous management solution system to establish and develop linkages and cooperation among enterprises to raise high quality and effective training in the present as well as future 3.4 The practical situation of linkage management between schools and enterprises in the training of human resources in the garment industry in Ho Chi Minh City 3.4.1 The practical situation of linkage management for entrance enrollment On the basis of the above-mentioned targets, the schools shall base themselves on the recruitment demands of the enterprises to develop their enrollment plans; Most of the schools are qualified enough However, the cooperation between schools and enterprises in enrollment is not good Some vocational schools have not paid much attention to the recruitment needs of enterprises; On the other hand, the 16 low quality of vocational training has not met the demand of production and business of enterprises, leading to the situation of enterprises not closely linked with the school in the enrollment 3.4.2 The practical situation of linkage management in the formulation of training goal, contents of the program and reform of training methods Most schools identified the target for tailoring training through the standards for tailoring However, the establishment of training objectives and the output standards are not based on the requirements of the business, leading to the graduates have skills that are not close to reality and most are surprised when working Schools have focused on increasing the proportion of practice However, due to the fact that the training program has not been consulted by the enterprises, although there are improvements, most of the programs have not met the requirements of reality 3.4.3 The practical situation of the linkage management of schools and enterprises in organizing teaching activities The linkage between the school and enterprises in teaching activities in the garment industry has achieved good results, but there are many opinions of the involvement of business managers in organizing teaching activities less effective 3.4.4 The practical situation of managing the coordination among functional agencies in promulgating and perfecting mechanisms and policies on training cooperation The coordination between functional agencies in promulgating and perfecting mechanisms and policies linking training has changed, but the mechanism of linking schools and enterprises in the training of human resources in the industry has been slow issued not tight In particular, the linkage policy is not satisfactory, leading to the refusal of the garment enterprises or the inaction of the link 3.4.5 Current situation of material and financial management in training linkage In recent years, schools have sought a stable source of financing by strengthening their links with businesses Enterprises have invested in facilities and finance for the school However, the participation of enterprises in ensuring material and financial facilities for training is still low 3.4.6 Status of management system connection between consultancy, vocational guidance - vocational training - job introduction Connectivity, counseling, career guidance and job placement are still a weakness It is very difficult for students after graduation 17 They have to find jobs themselves, are less consulted, trained and created jobs from schools and garment enterprises 3.4.7 Current status of monitoring and evaluation of the association between the school and enterprises in training The monitoring and evaluation of the link between human resource training in the garment sector has always been attended by the managers, but in reality, the managers in some schools have not yet done so perform well, not fully aware of this issue; The decentralization of monitoring and evaluation of this activity is not clear 3.4.8 Situation of factors affecting the management of linkage between schools and enterprises in training human resources in the garment industry in Ho Chi Minh City The surveyed opinions assessed the impact of factors on the linkage between school and business management in the training of human resources in the industry with an average score of 3.03 3.4.9 General assessment and the cause of the management of the linkage between school and enterprises in training human resources in the garment industry in Ho Chi Minh City * Advantages: Schools have seen tremendous benefits from networking with businesses, the perceptions of teachers, administrators, and even students have changed in a positive and positive way in the matter of cooperation Enterprises are interested in linking training with schools to attract high quality human resources to produce more effectively State agencies have also introduced favorable policies, encouraging the strengthening of cooperation between schools and garment enterprises * Causes of the advantages - Objective causes: The guiding concern of the Party, the State and the Party Committees at all levels of Ho Chi Minh City on the training of human resources in the garment industry - Subjective causes: There is a positive change in awareness and responsibility of leaders of schools, enterprises, administrators, teachers and students on the linkages between schools and enterprises in training resources garment manpower * Limitations: The linkage between the school and the garment enterprises is in small scale; Forms of linkage mostly stop at the link to take the students to practice; Lack of coordination between schools and enterprises in improving the quality of vocational training, job creation and use after training 18 * The cause of the limitations - Objective reasons Objective causes include the historical situation of vocational training development, mechanisms, policies, socio-cultural and social conditions, the management view of the State are beyond the control of the schools and businesses - Subjective reasons: On the side of the school: Many schools are now influenced by the centralized management mechanism, not yet dynamic and flexible in the initiative to establish, develop links, cooperation training with the business side The vocational training institutions also look to the state agencies, the conditions are available, not actively seek training market, labor market On the side of enterprises: There is a need to use technical labor but not actively to establish cooperation links with vocational training institutions Conclusion of Chapter The linkage between training schools and enterprises is still strange, the current awareness of people have changed Both schools and enterpriser have seen tremendous benefits from linkage in training highquality and stable workforce to meet development requirement Therefore, training linkage and management training linkage between the school and enterprises has achieved important results However, there are still limitations such as the lack of strict management from the stage of development, the implementation of the plan, the design of the objectives, the training program, the steps in the organization of training Through the assessment of the current situation, the dissertation identifies the fundamental causes of the advantages and disadvantages, on the basis of which proposed measures to manage the link between schools and enterprises in training human resources in the garment industry in Ho Chi Minh City today Chapter SOLUTIONS AND TEST OF THE MANAGEMENT OF THE LINKAGE BETWEEN THE SCHOOL AND ENTERPRISES IN THE TRAINING OF HUMAN RESOURCES IN THE GARMENT INDUSTRY IN HO CHI MINH CITY TODAY 4.1 Solutions of the management of the linkage between the school and enterprises in the training of human resources in the garment industry in Ho Chi Minh city today 19 4.1.1 Planning for the linkage of human resources training in the garment industry between schools and enterprises Training and education linkages between the school and the enterprise include all activities from the education and awareness raising process; organizing training activities, mobilizing material and financial resources and monitoring and evaluating the results of training cooperation Based on the orientation of education development strategy and the strategy of human resources development of the garment industry, the goal is to combine the training of human resources in the garment industry Schools and enterprises should issue regulations on training cooperation between schools and enterprises for uniform application The training and training plan must clearly define the conditions of human resources, material resources and training resources Make sure the training plan is practical, feasible and effective Specific objectives and content should be defined in line with the training plan of the school and the production plan of the enterprise 4.1.2 To effectively organize the association between schools and enterprises in formulating and implementing training objectives, contents and programs The objectives and content of the vocational training program must be ensured to ensure the management, coordination and use of the State, ensuring the practical requirements of production and the labor market The training program must be close to the practical requirements of modern production In order to create effective coordination between schools and enterprises in building and organizing the implementation of training objectives, contents and programs, the school organizes "customer conferences" to discuss the the contents of the training programs of the courses Training methods must also be modernized in line with updated production technology Enterprises and training establishments shall publicize the objectives and standards of each level of education, training and qualification, knowledge, skill and quality of trained human resources 4.1.3 Diversify the form and the association between the school and the enterprises Schools should closely associate with enterprises in expanding and diversifying forms of linkage to suit the demands of reality, helping learners have professional skills in order to contribute to ensuring and 20 improving the quality of training First of all, it is necessary to clearly define the content of the link as follows: Organization of training, design and development of training programs, personnel and information, facilities and financial Form, expand to suit the requirements of the practice Focus on promoting vocational skills training for students at enterprises To adopt mechanisms and create conditions for enterprises to participate in the elaboration and implementation of training contents and assessment of learners' capabilities Strengthening of cooperation in fostering and improving professional skills and skills for students; To publicize training activities and ensure the harmony between the interests of affiliated parties and the interests of learners, schools and enterprises 4.1.4 To promulgate and perfect mechanisms and policies for joint training between schools and enterprises On the basis of the above-mentioned inter-branch documents and requirements in training management, and at the same time, based on practical conditions of schools and enterprises, to elaborate and finalize documents, regulations and management regulations of training association The formulation and improvement of the system of documents, regulations and regulations on training cooperation must be accompanied by serious, strict and scientific implementation in all sections related to the training operation of the school Regularly adjusting the documents, regulations to them more and more perfect Issue policies to encourage and support enterprises to participate in vocational training 4.1.5 Developing the system of connecting consulting, vocational guidance - vocational training - introduction of jobs between schools and enterprises Through the development of a system of connections between vocational counseling, vocational guidance and job introduction between schools and businesses, with the aim of overcoming the phenomenon of "the school needs, the society does not need, the school does not have" Therefore, the school should be better connected with society in the process of training, constantly renew the program, content and training methods accordingly In order to concretize this association, the school should promote the construction of: Alumni Club; Organizing a forum for business partners of the school to make the enterprise one of the subjects to participate in training of the school, while creating the best conditions to help students have the opportunity to come to enterprises 21 4.1.6 To direct the close coordination between schools and enterprises in examining, supervising and evaluating the training results From the beginning of the school year, the management board set up a team to supervise and coordinate with the enterprise to evaluate the training results The team is responsible for planning, building the test content, criteria and targets Evaluation of each stage, part of work in training; The plan and content of the examination and evaluation will be approved by the pedagogical council with the participation of enterprises, then submitted to the principal for approval and become a legal basis for all members to implement The steering committee shall direct functional agencies to elaborate and promulgate regulations, regulations and guidelines for organizing the implementation of enterprises' participation in evaluating the training quality Institution builds the right motives, sense of responsibility for the management subjects involved in the inspection, monitoring and evaluation of the training results of the school Maintaining close experience to draw lessons after each inspection, monitoring and evaluation of training results * Relationship between measures Measures to manage the training of human resources of the garment industry between schools and enterprises in Ho Chi Minh City is now a unified whole, the dialectical relationship closely linked to each other synchronized in management Any slight disregard for certain measures, for the sake of isolation, or for the absoluteness of the individual, reduces their effectiveness 4.2 Examination of linkage management measures between the school and enterprises in the training of human resources in the garment industry in Ho Chi Minh City 4.2.1 Test of the necessity and feasibility of measures 4.2.1.1 General issues of the test * Purpose of the test: To confirm the necessity and feasibility of the proposed management measures, in order to improve the methods to suit the reality * Candidate: The author has solicited 155 interviewees, lecturers, alumni and managers of garment enterprises in Ho Chi Minh City 22 * Content and procedure of the assay: Demonstration ballot according to two criteria: necessary, feasibility Perform assessments in three levels from high to low and quantified by scores 4.2.1.2 Test results Assessment of Necessity: The measures to manage the linkage between schools and enterprises in the training of human resources in the garment industry in Ho Chi Minh City are highly necessary with average score = 2.66 and relative equally * Feasibility assessment: The feasibility of measures is relatively uniform, the gap between the average scores are not too far apart Measures of feasibility with average score = 2.69 * In assessing the correlation between necessity and feasibility of measures, the author uses the Spearman formula to calculate the correlation coefficient With a correlation coefficient R = 0.43, it shows that between the necessity and feasibility 4.2.2 Test measures 4.2.2.1 General issues about testing * Test purpose: To test the effectiveness of enhancing the role of enterprises in the training process, to demonstrate the relevance of scientific hypotheses in the management practice of linkages between schools and enterprises Training human resources in the garment industry Due to legal conditions, PhD students only test content: "The school invites officials of garment enterprises, who have both the knowledge and experience to participate in all stages of the process especially in the classes, practical instructions, internships and tests and assessments of student learning”” of the second measure * Subjects and testing facilities: Students of Ly Tu Trong College in Ho Chi Minh City and Thang Loi International Garment Joint Stock Company (base 1); Vinatex College of Economics and Technology in Ho Chi Minh City and Sai Gon Garment Company (the 2nd base) Of which there are 55 students in the experimental group of 55 students; the control group is 55; At the 2nd base, the experimental group was 57, control group was 57 * Test force: the dissertation author; the collaborators in the testing facilities, including senior students and faculty members in the Department of Fashion Technology of the two schools and representatives of two garment enterprises in two testing facilities 23 2016 * Test Time: Conduct testing from June 15, 2015 to October 15, * Test method: Controlled trial 4.2.2.2 Process of organizing the experiment The testing process is carried out in the following steps: Step 1: prepare for testing; Step 2: Make a test plan; Step 3; Developing pilot materials and facilitating collaborators; Step 4: Develop evaluation criteria Step 5: Carry out the test: Carry out enterprise staff to participate in the training process as planned For the control group Employees of the enterprise are not allowed to participate in the training, theoretical study and practical training in the fashion industry completely by the Department of textiles and clothing as normal every year With the experimental group Organizing theoretical learning activities with practical skills training exercises are the participation of business staff as faculty of textiles from the beginning to the end Step 6: End of experiment: After each trial period, the results of theoretical knowledge and practical skills in fashion apparel on the experimental and control groups were assessed Based on the defined criteria (table 4.3) for scoring; the results of the experimental and control groups; compare and contrast the results of two groups; Analyzing and evaluating qualitative and quantitative information to draw conclusions in the appraisal of the training results of the garment industry 4.2.2.3 Xử lý phân tích kết thử nghiệm: * Phân tích đánh giá kết mặt định lượng Qua kết tổng hợp cho thấy việc đưa cán doanh nghiệp tham gia vào q trình đào tạo tạo hiệu tích cực chất lượng đào tạo chuyên chuyên ngành may nâng lên 4.2.2.3 Analysis of test results: * Analysis of quantitative results Based on the aggregated results, it has been shown that the introduction of corporate staff into the training process has created positive effects The quality of specialized training in the garment industry is raised * Analysis of qualitative results 4.2.2.4 Conclusion after test and experiment The results of the trial and experiment proved that the proposal is based on scientific and really necessary in managing the 24 association between schools and enterprises in the training of human resources in the garment industry in Ho Chi Minh City today Conclusion of Chapter Based on the theory and practice which is presented above, the author proposed measures to manage the training linkage of human resources in the garment industry between schools and enterprises in Ho Chi Minh City today The proposed measures are a unified whole, having a dialectical relationship with one another Any manifestation of lightening of a measure, will reduce their effectiveness, so the management needs to use them in a unified whole, contributing effectively in linking the training of human resources The garment sector between the school and enterprises in Ho Chi Minh City in the context of our country increasingly integrate deep and wide with the world economy and the region The results of the test and experiment suggest that the management approach to linking the training of human resources between the schools and the enterprises proposed by the dissertation is necessary and feasible CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS Conclusions The linkage between the school and the enterprise in training human resources in the garment industry is the synthesis of the ways and mechanisms of operation between schools and enterprises in training high quality labour to meet the requirements of the labor market of the current garment industry The linkage between schools and enterprises in human resource training is an indispensable trend that plays an increasingly important role in improving the quality and effectiveness of training for schools as well as the development of enterprises themselves The reality is that the efficiency of linking human resource training between the school and the enterprise depends on the management of the training institution and the enterprise Therefore, the management of the link between the school and the enterprise in human resource training is always one of the top concerns of both the school and the enterprise Linkage between school and business in garment human resource training is the synthesis of the ways in which the management actors (schools and enterprises) affect the whole content of the association To create human resources for the garment industry with high quality, meeting the objectives and requirements of the school and the labor demand of the garment enterprises The research on the situation of managing and associating training of human resources in the garment industry 25 between schools and enterprises shows that basically the schools and enterprises have implemented the agreed contents and managed quite well management activities, but the results are not high The main cause of this situation is that the management is not close, there are no real management measures in science and business linkage between schools and enterprises in the training of human resources in the garment industry in Ho Chi Minh City Based on the theoretical and practical analysis, the author proposed measures to manage the linkage between the school and enterprises in the training of human resources in the garment industry in Ho Chi Minh City The author tests and test results show that they are all necessary and feasible Recommendations 2.1 For the Ministry of Labor, War Invalids and Social Affairs 2.2 For technical training colleges specialized in garment industry in Ho Chi Minh City 2.3 For garment enterprises in Ho Chi Minh City ... 4.2.2.3 Xử lý phân tích kết thử nghiệm: * Phân tích đánh giá kết mặt định lượng Qua kết tổng hợp cho thấy việc đưa cán doanh nghiệp tham gia vào trình đào tạo tạo hiệu tích cực chất lượng đào tạo chuyên... CHI MINH CITY 14 3.1 Overview of training human resources in the garment industry in Ho Chi Minh City today * Technical training colleges in the garment sector in Ho Chi Minh City In Ho Chi Minh. .. Students of Ly Tu Trong College in Ho Chi Minh City and Thang Loi International Garment Joint Stock Company (base 1); Vinatex College of Economics and Technology in Ho Chi Minh City and Sai Gon