International interviewing and counseling 9th ivey chapter 12

Intentional Interviewing and Counseling: Facilitating Client Development in a Multicultural Society 9th Edition Allen E Ivey Mary Bradford Ivey Carlos P Zalaquett Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning All Rights Reserved Chapter 12 Action Skills for Building Resilience and Managing Stress: Self-Disclosure, Feedback, Logical Consequences, Directives/Instruction, and Psychoeducation Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning All Rights Reserved Chapter Goals and Competency Objectives (slide of 2) ▲Awareness and Knowledge  Understand stress management and how action influencing skills can be central in building resilience  Explore the nature of interpersonal influence, its specific skills, and our responsibility to work with a client on an egalitarian basis with an emphasis on listening before influencing  Further understand decision counseling and its relevance to influencing skills and action with varying clients and theories of counseling and therapy Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning All Rights Reserved Chapter Goals and Competency Objectives (slide of 2) ▲Skills and Action  Facilitate client self-understanding and empowerment through self-disclosure and feedback  Enable the client to look at the possible positive and negative results of alternative actions (logical consequences)  Present new information and ideas to clients in a timely and appropriate fashion —for example, career information, teaching about sexuality, and results of test scores (directives, instruction)  Empower clients with specifics for action leading to physical and mental health through stress management Help them restory and take concrete action in their issues (psychoeducation)  Develop action plans collaboratively with clients to facilitate taking home learning and new skills from the session to the “real world.” Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning All Rights Reserved Stress and Stressors ▲ Stress is a psychological and physical response to change, whether that change is actually happening now or anticipated in the future ▲ Everyone experiences positive and negative stress in life ▲ Positive stressors tend to make us happy and joyful in many ways ▲ Continuous, severe, day-to-day stress or a single traumatic incident can be seriously damaging to physical and mental health Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning All Rights Reserved Optimal Levels of Stress Contrasted with Chronic Stress Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning All Rights Reserved Stress Management and Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes ▲ Stress management is a remedial treatment for already stressed clients ▲ Stress management techniques are typically focused on treatment and prevention of stress ▲ Therapeutic lifestyle changes (TLC) are also instructional strategies that are oriented to physical and mental health, bringing together neuroscience, medicine, and counseling  Exercise is generally regarded as the number one TLC Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning All Rights Reserved Example Stress Management Strategies Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning All Rights Reserved Self-Disclosure and Feedback ▲ Self-disclosure and feedback are similar to the listening skill of summation; however, they move beyond the summary to add client awareness ▲ Before sharing a personal self-disclosure or providing feedback, counselors need to have a solid understanding of where they are in the relationship they are building ▲ Both skills are used sparingly and only when the client appears to need more counselor involvement and support They require careful listening and understanding before sharing your thoughts Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning All Rights Reserved Defining Self-Disclosure Self-disclosure: Sharing your own personal experience related to what the client has said Sharing often starts with an “I” statement It can also involved sharing your own thoughts and feelings concerning what the client is experiencing in the immediate moment, in the here and now Anticipated Result: Clients respond well to carefully said self-disclosure, especially at the beginning of a session They are often pleased to know more about you at that point Later in the session, sharing your thoughts and feelings about the client can enable them to talk more openly about their issues Self-disclosure almost always needs to be positive and supportive Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning All Rights Reserved Example Counseling Session: How Do I Deal With a Difficult Situation at Work? ▲ What to you think about Counselor Onawumi’s use of self-disclosure and feedback? ▲ Was this helpful? ▲ What did you notice about effective and ineffective feedback? ▲ What would you have done similarly or differently? Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning All Rights Reserved Defining Logical Consequences (slide of 3) ▲ Clients facing possible changes in life direction will often profit from exploring the logical consequences, positive and negative, of change ▲ Negative consequences of changing jobs could include leaving a smoothly functioning and friendly workgroup, disrupting long-term friendships, and moving teenage children to a new school ▲ Positive consequences might be the pay raise, a better school system, money for a new home, or the opportunity for further advancement Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning All Rights Reserved Defining Logical Consequences (slide of 3) Logical Consequences: Explore with the client specific alternatives and the logical positive and negative concrete consequences of each decision possibility “If you , then .” Anticipated Result: Clients will change thoughts, feelings, and behaviors through better anticipation of the consequences of their actions When you explore the positives and negatives of each possibility, clients will be more involved in the process of making their new creative decision Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning All Rights Reserved Defining Logical Consequences (slide of 3) ▲ Using the logical consequences skill on a foundation of listening skills: Draw out story and strengths Generate alternatives Identify positive and negative consequences Provide a summary Encourage client decision and action Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning All Rights Reserved The Cognitive/Emotional Decisional Balance Sheet (slide of 2) ▲ Few of us will be satisfied if our decisions reflect only rational cognitive processes ▲ Eliciting and reflecting feelings throughout the balance sheet is vital ▲ Each alternative decision is written down with a list of gains and losses—the logical consequences of each action Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning All Rights Reserved The Cognitive/Emotional Decisional Balance Sheet (slide of 2) Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning All Rights Reserved Defining Directives, Instruction, and Psychoeducation Strategies (slide of 2) ▲ Giving clients information, offering psychoeducation, or making suggestions can be an important part of counseling and psychotherapy ▲ Directives, instruction, and psychoeducation are best received in a good relationship with a solid working alliance ▲ Unless the advice is actively sought, it is very difficult to be heard Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning All Rights Reserved Defining Directives, Instruction, and Psychoeducation Strategies (slide of 2) Instruction and Psychoeducation: Anticipated Result: Clients will make Clear directions (and encouraging positive progress when they listen to clients to what you suggest) and follow the directives, use the underlies instruction and information that you provide for psychological education These them, consider your advice, and offer specifics for daily life to help engage in new, more positive change thoughts, feelings, and thinking, feeling, or behaving behaviors Providing useful Psychoeducation can lead to major instruction and referral sources life changes for physical and mental can be helpful Psychohealth educational strategies include systematic educational methods such as therapeutic lifestyle changes With all these, a collaborative approach is essential Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning All Rights Reserved Skills of Directives, Instruction, and Psychoeducational Strategies Involve clients as co-participants Use appropriate visuals, vocal tone, verbal following, and body language Be clear and concrete in your verbal expressions and time the information to meet the client’s needs Check out if you were heard and understood Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning All Rights Reserved SUMMARY: Stress Management ▲ Sustained, chronic, or extreme stress accelerates the normal wearing and tearing of our body and mind ▲ Changing the stressors or changing our reactions to them are key goals of stress management ▲ Several strategies can help you achieve these goals Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning All Rights Reserved SUMMARY: Self-Disclosure ▲ Indicating your thoughts and feelings to a client constitutes self-disclosure, which necessitates the following:  Use personal pronouns  Use a verb for content or feeling (“I feel…”)  Use an object coupled with adverb and adjective descriptors (“I feel happy about your …”)  Express your feelings appropriately Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning All Rights Reserved SUMMARY: Feedback ▲ Feedback accurate data on how you or others view the client Remember the following:  The client should be in charge  Focus on strengths  Be concrete and specific  Be nonjudgmental  As appropriate, provide here-and-now feedback  Keep feedback lean and precise  Check out how your feedback was received Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning All Rights Reserved SUMMARY: Logical Consequences ▲ The task is to assist clients to foresee consequences as they review alternatives for action A common statement used here is “If you , then will possibly result.”  Listen to make sure you understand the situation and how the client understands what is occurring and its implications  Encourage the client to think about possible positive and negative consequences of a decision  If necessary, comment on the positive and negative consequences of a decision in a nonjudgmental manner  Summarize the positives and negatives  Let the client decide what action to take Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning All Rights Reserved SUMMARY: Instruction and Psychoeducation ▲Instruction, providing information or advice, is brief, consisting of relatively short comments to facilitate action in the real world ▲Psychoeducation is a more systematic way of teaching clients about new life possibilities; this may range from training in communication skills to developing a successful wellness plan Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning All Rights Reserved Action: Key Points of Influencing Skills and Stress Management ▲Stress management ▲Self-Disclosure ▲Feedback ▲Logical Consequences ▲Instruction and Psychoeducation Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning All Rights Reserved ... skills and action with varying clients and theories of counseling and therapy Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning All Rights Reserved Chapter Goals and Competency Objectives (slide of 2) ▲Skills and. .. 2018 Cengage Learning All Rights Reserved Chapter Goals and Competency Objectives (slide of 2) ▲Awareness and Knowledge  Understand stress management and how action influencing skills can be... to make sure you understand the situation and how the client understands what is occurring and its implications  Encourage the client to think about possible positive and negative consequences