International interviewing and counseling 9th ivey chapter 12

Chapter Goals and Competency Objectives slide 1 of 2 ▲ Awareness and Knowledge Understand stress management and how action influencing skills can be central in building resilience.. Cha

Intentional Interviewing and

Chapter Goals and Competency

Objectives (slide 1 of 2)

▲ Awareness and Knowledge

Understand stress management and how action

influencing skills can be central in building resilience

Explore the nature of interpersonal influence, its

specific skills, and our responsibility to work with a

client on an egalitarian basis with an emphasis on

listening before influencing

 Further understand decision counseling and its

Chapter Goals and Competency

Objectives (slide 2 of 2)

▲ Skills and Action

 Facilitate client self-understanding and empowerment through self-disclosure and feedback.

 Enable the client to look at the possible positive and negative results of

alternative actions (logical consequences).

 Present new information and ideas to clients in a timely and appropriate fashion

—for example, career information, teaching about sexuality, and results of test scores (directives, instruction).

 Empower clients with specifics for action leading to physical and mental health through stress management Help them restory and take concrete action in their issues (psychoeducation).

Stress and Stressors

▲Stress is a psychological and physical response to

change, whether that change is actually happening now

or anticipated in the future

▲Everyone experiences positive and negative stress in

life

▲Positive stressors tend to make us happy and joyful in

many ways

▲Continuous, severe, day-to-day stress or a single

traumatic incident can be seriously damaging to physical

Optimal Levels of Stress Contrasted

with Chronic Stress

Stress Management and Therapeutic

Lifestyle Changes

▲Stress management is a remedial treatment for already

stressed clients

▲Stress management techniques are typically focused on

treatment and prevention of stress

▲Therapeutic lifestyle changes (TLC) are also

instructional strategies that are oriented to physical and mental health, bringing together neuroscience, medicine, and counseling

 Exercise is generally regarded as the number one TLC.

Example Stress Management

Strategies

Self-Disclosure and Feedback

▲ Self-disclosure and feedback are similar to the listening skill of

summation; however, they move beyond the summary to add client awareness.

▲ Before sharing a personal self-disclosure or providing

feedback, counselors need to have a solid understanding of where they are in the relationship they are building.

▲ Both skills are used sparingly and only when the client

appears to need more counselor involvement and support

They require careful listening and understanding before

sharing your thoughts.

Defining Self-Disclosure

Self-disclosure: Sharing your

own personal experience

related to what the client has

said Sharing often starts with

an “I” statement It can also

involved sharing your own

thoughts and feelings

concerning what the client is

experiencing in the immediate

moment, in the here and now.

Anticipated Result: Clients respond well to carefully said self-disclosure, especially at the beginning of a session

They are often pleased to know more about you at that point Later in the session, sharing your thoughts and feelings about the client can enable them to talk more openly about their issues Self-disclosure almost always needs to be positive and supportive.

Defining Feedback

Feedback: Presents clients

with clear, nonjudgmental

information (and

sometimes even opinions)

on that client’s thoughts,

feelings, and behaviors,

either in the past or in the

here and now

Anticipated Result: Feedback

can be supportive or challenging Supportive feedback searches for positives and strengths, while challenges ask clients to think more carefully about

themselves and what they are saying

The Skill of Self-Disclosure and

Feedback

1 Listen first

2 Be brief and concrete

3 Use “I” statements

4 Be authentic and nonjudgmental

5 Use appropriate immediacy and tense

6 Consider cultural differences and explore differences

Example Counseling Session: How Do I Deal With a Difficult Situation at Work?

▲What to you think about Counselor Onawumi’s use of

self-disclosure and feedback?

▲Was this helpful?

▲What did you notice about effective and ineffective

feedback?

▲What would you have done similarly or differently?

Defining Logical Consequences

(slide 1 of 3)

▲Clients facing possible changes in life direction will often

profit from exploring the logical consequences, positive and negative, of change

▲Negative consequences of changing jobs could include

leaving a smoothly functioning and friendly workgroup, disrupting long-term friendships, and moving teenage children to a new school

▲Positive consequences might be the pay raise, a better

school system, money for a new home, or the

Defining Logical Consequences

(slide 2 of 3)

Logical Consequences :

Explore with the client

specific alternatives and the

logical positive and negative

anticipation of the consequences

of their actions When you explore the positives and negatives of

each possibility, clients will be more involved in the process of making their new creative

decision.

Defining Logical Consequences

The Cognitive/Emotional Decisional Balance

Sheet

(slide 1 of 2)

▲Few of us will be satisfied if our decisions reflect only

rational cognitive processes

▲Eliciting and reflecting feelings throughout the balance

sheet is vital

▲Each alternative decision is written down with a list of gains and losses—the logical consequences of each action

The Cognitive/Emotional Decisional Balance Sheet (slide 2 of 2)

Defining Directives, Instruction, and Psychoeducation Strategies (slide 1 of 2)

▲Giving clients information, offering psychoeducation, or

making suggestions can be an important part of

counseling and psychotherapy

▲Directives, instruction, and psychoeducation are best

received in a good relationship with a solid working

alliance

▲Unless the advice is actively sought, it is very difficult to

be heard

Defining Directives, Instruction, and

Psychoeducation Strategies (slide 2 of 2)

Instruction and Psychoeducation:

Clear directions (and encouraging

clients to do what you suggest)

underlies instruction and

psychological education These

offer specifics for daily life to help

change thoughts, feelings, and

behaviors Providing useful

instruction and referral sources

can be helpful

Psycho-educational strategies include

systematic educational methods

such as therapeutic lifestyle

changes With all these, a

Anticipated Result: Clients will make positive progress when they listen to and follow the directives, use the information that you provide for them, consider your advice, and engage in new, more positive thinking, feeling, or behaving

Psychoeducation can lead to major life changes for physical and mental health.

Skills of Directives, Instruction, and

Psychoeducational Strategies

1 Involve clients as co-participants

2 Use appropriate visuals, vocal tone, verbal following,

and body language

3 Be clear and concrete in your verbal expressions and

time the information to meet the client’s needs

4 Check out if you were heard and understood

SUMMARY: Stress Management

▲Sustained, chronic, or extreme stress accelerates the

normal wearing and tearing of our body and mind

▲Changing the stressors or changing our reactions to

them are key goals of stress management

▲Several strategies can help you achieve these goals

SUMMARY: Self-Disclosure

▲Indicating your thoughts and feelings to a client

constitutes self-disclosure, which necessitates the

following:

 Use personal pronouns.

 Use a verb for content or feeling (“I feel…”).

 Use an object coupled with adverb and adjective descriptors (“I feel happy about your …”).

 Express your feelings appropriately.

SUMMARY: Feedback

▲Feedback accurate data on how you or others view the

client Remember the following:

 The client should be in charge.

 Focus on strengths.

 Be concrete and specific.

 Be nonjudgmental.

 As appropriate, provide here-and-now feedback.

 Keep feedback lean and precise.

SUMMARY: Logical Consequences

▲ The task is to assist clients to foresee consequences as they review

alternatives for action A common statement used here is “If you do , then will possibly result.”

understands what is occurring and its implications.

consequences of a decision.

decision in a nonjudgmental manner.

SUMMARY: Instruction and

Psychoeducation

▲ Instruction, providing information or advice, is brief, consisting of relatively short comments to facilitate action in the real world.

▲ Psychoeducation is a more systematic way of teaching clients about new life possibilities; this may range from training in communication skills

to developing a successful wellness plan.

Action: Key Points of Influencing Skills and Stress Management