CHỐNG THAM NHŨNG – nâng cao đạo đức tại ở việt nam e

CHỐNG THAM NHŨNG – Nâng cao đạo đức Việt Nam ANTI-CORRUPTION - Improving ethics in Vietnam “A world, in which the government, politics, business, civil society and the daily lives of people without corruption” This is the vision statement of the organization of Transparency International, one of the world's leading organizations that its headquarter in Berlin, Germany to enhance the anticorruption work and unethical behavior globally According to the majority of the world's leading authorities, corruption and unethical globalization is one of the key issues and challenges that the global business faces in a society with complex interrelationships today Bribery, abuse of power for personal interests, not transparent in the records, fraud, theft, abuse of copyright and intellectual property law, tolerant of the people in family, dishonest and unethical are all examples of unethical behavior Every year, the organization of Transparency International (TI) has ranked countries all over the world on the issue of corruption As we have learned in class, sadly, Vietnam ranks 123 out of 177 countries in the ranking of Transparency International in 2012 Corruption and unethical behavior affect the quality of daily life of local people, business development opportunities and also affect foreign direct investment Singapore is a typical example of Southeast Asia, a small island country in Asia has a very high rank in the rankings not corrupt and is a country with transparent business environment The country is ranked 5th in the ranking of non-TI corruption and debuted at number in the ranking of the World Bank for countries with favorable business environment Part I: INTRODUCTION: Corruption can say is a serious problem in many countries around the world including Vietnam As a result of the world's largest survey on “Views and experiences of people towards corruption” by Transparency International organization implemented in 2013, the result is: more than 55% of Vietanmese perceived corruption increased in the past years, which is higher than the average 48% in Southeast Asia Besides, according to the survey, people's beliefs in the campaign of anti-corruption also decreased significantly In Vietnam, we can say that corruption is becoming more sophisticated, and more serious Topic of anti-corruption is one of the topics discussed, dissected a lot in the meetings from the central to the local, from the forums, meetings, from the neighborhood to the street There were so many decisions, policies, about preventing and fighting corruption in Vietnam, however, is not effective to bring people's expectations And watching out for anti-corruption in Vietnam is considered one of the most important issues today and needs a long time and route Corruption occurs in almost all areas, the scale and scope increasingly and difficult to control: from health care, education, to land The situation of corruption in our country is now widespread , movements increasingly complex, sophisticated, causing more serious harm Statistics of industries most corrupt state in Vietnam Traffic police, land management, construction, customs, health are fields thought to be much the most corrupt - Source: Report on survey results of Sociology Our purpose: For this exercise, our purpose is not to criticize the organization, individuals and organizations The data we present below is quoted from the press, media in the country and internationally With a desire of contribution to the development of Vietnam and to the corruption of society Basic content: In this exercise, our group refers to the main problem as follows:  Background, real corruption in Vietnam  Some of the causes of corruption in Vietnam  The effects of corruption  Culture affects how the corruption and unethical business  Some suggestions and solutions to limit and reduce corruption in Vietnam? Part 2: THE CORRUPTION IN VIETNAM TODAY According to Transparency International Organization (TI) in Vietnam in the category of serious corruption (Ranked 123/176 countries surveyed) Despite certain progress, but Vietnam remains a country with low scores and still stand at the bottom of the ranking According to TI, in Asia, corruption in Vietnam serious than Singapore, Japan, South Korea, Brunei, Malaysia, China, Thailand, Indonesia but less severe Mongolia, Philippines, Laos, Nepal, Cambodia, Myanmar Corruption Prospectus Ranking in 2013, Quote of the report of Transparency International 2013 Along with ethics, corruption and bribery in international business have emerged as key issues in a world economy increasingly interdependent No longer considered merely a morality play, generally accepted view of the world of corruption and bribery today that they impede competition, distorting trade and harming the consumers and taxpayers and diminishing the public's support for the government Common forms of corruption in business relations – authorities of the State are still in the form of bribes “thank envelopes, invitation of dinner, reception ” In business – business relationships, common forms of corruption as money from the "kickbacks" according to the contract value The frequency and scale of corruption are no significant difference between the businesses by criteria such as ownership, field of operations, markets, local1 Accordingly, up to 96% of Vietnam businesses asked confirmed each related to bribery or corruption Similarly, according to other survey by the Vietnam Chamber of Commerce and Industry of - VCCI in 2009, with 59% of businesses have lost “lube fee”; nearly 62% of businesses asked admitted to have "relationship "with the provincial officials having access to the documents relating to business activities such as land use planning, infrastructure development plan, , 41% of businesses admitted to negotiate with new local tax officials to business smoothly2 The corruption in Vietnam exists in the following main fields: In the field of management, land use, natural resources, minerals, mainly corruption currently going on in the planning; conversion of land use purpose; acquisition of agricultural land for the construction of economic zones, industrial parks, urban areas; land allocation, land lease; valuation when land acquisition, compensation; licensing the exploitation of resources, mineral Some people abuse their positions and powers to allocate land ultra vires; blank documentation or opening up the land when compensation Typically for abusing powers while on duty occurred in project of development of urban infrastructure of Bac Thang Long - Van Tri (Hanoi) losses estimated at 14 billion; abusing their positions and powers while on duty happened in Ben Cat District, Binh Duong province, damaging nearly 11 billion; corruption in the land in Do Son and Quan Nam, Hai Phong City , In the financial and banking sector, emerged corruption, negative on the part of officials in the banking sector, especially the commercial banks or banking officials in a hand, with the hook of foreign operations through loans, guarantees, financial leasing, financial investment, entrusted loans, investment trusts to appropriate property, causing large losses For example, for Le Hoai Phuong, official of Investment and Development Bank of Vietnam, Cau Giay branch (Hanoi) embezzled 24 billion; for Phan Van Tuong, Techcombank official with accomplices embezzled over 10 billion; services Union Tien Dung, deputy general director of the Bank for Investment and development of Vietnam received customers billion, being 3-10% deduction in the amount of money that customer's bank loans , for Nguyen Thi Thuy Van embezzled more than 24 billion in Bank of Commerce of Sai Gon - Ha Noi, for Hoang Thi Thu Ha, Director of the North branch of Saigon Jewellery Corporation (SJC) abused her position and power while on duty caused loss of 19 billion VND; for Vu Viet Hung, Director of the Development Bank, branch in Dak Lak - Dak Nong, received 92 billion, and $ 100,000 and a BMW car of Cao Bach Mai and Tran Thi Xuan to improper lending In the field of capital construction investment, most constructions are the property losses occur mainly due to corruption and intentionally break Violations occur in most stages, from project planning, design, cost estimates, financing plan approved to bid, counseling, supervision, construction, testing and finalization of the project Tricks mostly fail to comply with the order and procedures for capital construction investment; fraud, lack of transparency in the bidding; declarations in volume and value of materials and equipment; put inferior quality material , the use of incorrect specifications; wrong construction process to reduce costs eg embezzlement cases, deliberately left and abusing powers while on duty occurred in the project management unit of historic Dien Bien Phu victory; for Huynh Ngoc Si, Director of project management of Avenue East – West, HCMC received 260 thousand dollar bribe to bid evaluation and acceptance in favor of the bribe; In the management and use of capital, assets in state enterprises, mainly tricks is to hide and reduce the value of assets, lower land value or sale of the shares, securities, leasing business; establish the black contracts of sale, transportation of false invoices to appropriate, raise black prices or send the black purchase price of the assets in order to profit For example, for Bi Nguyen, Board Chairman, CEO and Nguyen Thanh Huyen, Deputy General Director, chief accountant of the Vifon Company - Ho Chi Minh City, has seized up blank vouchers to appropriate more than 20 billion no company earned 59.9 billion to appropriate when the shares of this company; for Tran Van Khanh, Corporation of Agricultural Materials had embezzled, intentionally violated, damaged several billion; for Aviation Petroleum Company declared the black oil shrinkage rate to appropriate tens of billions, for II Financial leasing Company of the Bank of Agriculture and Rural Development improved black cost of diving equipment from 100 million to 130 billion Besides, in the field of health, education and transport are still very much exists the phenomenon of corruption, waste, causing outrage in the public in a long time Especially in the field of state-owned corporations, the corruption situation occur very common, complex, and very large scale Typically telecommunications corporation in Vietnam (VNPT), Bao Viet Group, specially and hottest, Vietnam Shipbuilding Industry Corporation (Vinashin) Vinashin case is one of the largest economic cases ever in Vietnam, related to loss of huge amount A series of Vinashin officials were put on trial on charges of “intentionally violating state regulations on economic management causing serious consequences” Or Headed case of “gambler with million dollars” of Bui Tien Dung and big negative in the Project Management Committee (DA) PMU 18 under Ministry of Transport Properties “Vinashin Shipwreck case” is a corruption scandal rocked the most in Vietnam far more damage to tens of trillions of Vietnam dong In short, the corruption situation in Vietnam is serious, with expressions subtle, complex, blatant, overt, occurring in many fields, many levels, many industries, there are similarities and different than corruption in other countries, but the features are common, occurring in almost all sectors, at all levels, even occurring within agencies of anticorruption functions, so fighting, preventing and handling are very difficult Meanwhile, the corruption is the position and powers so often people with depth perception, legal knowledge, access to more information and economic conditions with wide ties; some people have the largest contribution to society, have credibility with the public, it is difficult to detect and treat The basic types of corruption: Firstly, corruption is to achieve or accelerate the implementation of a specific right that citizens or legal persons are entitled For example: If a person bribed an officer that his passport may be issued passport, ie there is no legal barrier for his passport, this is exactly the first kind of corruption Its specific and more overt form is to bribe officials for their "priority" to solve the problem, but completely legal In other words, the officials received bribes to their work or it faster than usual, rather than not The frequency of this kind of corruption is a clear evidence demonstrated capacity and efficiency levels in the administrative apparatus of the state The most serious and direct results of corruption are the laws and policies of the state not to be done fairly Finally, there is “bending the law” - corruption aims to change the rules of law to rules served the interests of those who are corrupt The basic premise of corruption is the ability to ensure the mutual benefit of receiving bribes It is associated with collusion, market manipulation Part III: CAUSES OF CORRUPTION Objective reasons  The political system is slow innovation, management skills are obsolete, low living standards, creating loopholes for corruption arise and develop  Due to effects of downside of the market mechanism, competition and promoting excessive value for money to the producers and business tend to maximize profits at all costs, try to bribe the government officials to create business advantage  Legal Policies incomplete, inconsistent, inconsistency, decentralization between the central and local, discrimination of state management and production and business management are somewhat unclear  Some cultures, such as donations and gifts are used to perform acts of corruption Causes and subjective conditions of corruption  Ethics of officials degraded, management, and education of officials are poor Many key leaders at all levels and sectors, including senior leaders are lacking exemplary in upholding ethics  Administrative reform has been slow and awkward, the “asking – giving” mechanism in the public service activities are still popular; administrative procedures are troublesome, heavy and unreasonable The “asking – giving” mechanism is one of the risks of corruption, bribery but there is no way to fix  The management, inspection, testing loose, weak of the State; cursory treatment, indicative of “form” as a warning, critique or policy of “the largest of the small, little things of no” because the officers violated often have power and status, should not admonishing Liability regime of officials and employees is not clear, specific, especially the responsibility of leaders to mistakes, negative happens in agencies or units  Salary system for officials is irrational, slow reform Salary is not enough to ensure the needs of life as a propulsion for officers and employees to commit acts of corruption, negative when conditions, opportunities  Lack of tools to detect and treat effectively of corruption  The mobilization of a large force of the people as well as the involvement of the press forces in the fight against corruption has not been enough attention Journalism has warned effect where the risks of corruption, has joined discovered and made particularly strong opinions required handling corruption  The dissemination and awareness of society about corruption and the fight against corruption are to have the attention, but not to create a positive change in social consciousness in response to currency corruption and enhance the sense of responsibility of the people involved in the fight against corruption 3 The effects/Consequences of corruption: Corruption can cause many serious consequences on all sectors of social life To generalize the effects of corruption mainly in the following main points: a Political Harm Corruption is the major obstacle to the process of national renewal and undermines people's trust towards the administration Corruption occurs almost in all fields with many sophisticated tricks and forms The hazards of corruption, waste directly affect the effectiveness of the implementation of the economic - social policies Corruption becomes the major obstacle to the success of the renovation, operation and management b Economic Harm  Corruption causes huge damage to the property of the State, collective and individual citizens  In Vietnam, in recent years, corruption takes place in all fields of social life, causing great damage to the property of the State, money, time and effort of the people Consequences of acts of corruption is not only the assets and interests of the State, collective or individual property turned into who committing acts of corruption, but more dangerous, taking behaviors of corruption also causes damage and loss, wasting large amounts of state, the collective of citizens assets c Social Harm  Corruption violates, even changes, overturnes the social ethics and alienates officials of the state  Corruption does not only arise in the fields of economics, finance, banking, investment, construction, management of land but also tend to spread to fields far less the possibility of corruption, such as culture, health, education, fitness and sport Not even fields such as social welfare or law enforcement  It is alarming corruption seems to have become normal in the concept of a number of officials That is a sign of deterioration, degradation of ethics seriously Moreover, corruption also violates the traditional moral values of the nation, when people perform acts of corruption as teachers and doctors who work in the fields of education, health, culture, society - who perform construction of life, spiritual foundation for society Part IV: CULTURE AFFECTS BEHAVIORS OF UNETHICAL CORRUPTION IN VIETNAM “Corruption caused millions of people not to escape poverty” (Transparency International) “Historically, the culture of corruption undermines the development and effective management while increasing crime and distrust around the world” - Former President George W Bush Corruption is not just an abuse of power for personal gain, but is gaining up their personal that trampling others, so that corruption affects the moral, ethical, social, economic, political fields and impacts broader regional With the concept "wheel lubrication", "a good beginning makes a good ending", "coins going ahead are wisdom coins" and the quickest and the most effective solution to resolve work is "the first procedure " , this is also the cause promoting corruption Moreover, people still use gifts as a form of " a deep relation ", "in-depth investment", "investment in the future" to facilitate their career path for themselves and their loved ones It is the behavioral and psychological awareness that make many officials and employees fall in passive corruption This situation lasts and harassing thoughts appear in officials and employees to receive "envelope" from residents in order to settle jobs, they think that bribery is an indispensable procedure in the job process This creates a bad way of thinking and habit for both public officials and those who want to use the money to settle job, gradually it forms the "envelope culture" In some countries, many people know bribery will good for your job but they still refuse to so because it is contrary to the principles of justice and fairness that they trust and follow It is here people found differences in culture: corruption is more likely to develop in areas where it is easily accêtd There, it is said that, first, the bribes are not ethical; second, whoever and wherever there is corruption, so they not have any other choices; and third, because of those two main reasons, corruption is acceptable In Vietnam, the corruption, especially the bribes, is excluded from the ethical matter and it is considered a communication culture with a very sweet name : gifts Gift giving is not a bribe and receiving gifts is not bribery Bribery is associated with greed and deception, moreover, is an offense Gift is different: gifts are associated with love and tradition and, therefore, is a noble act That a doctor receives money from a patient to arrange for the patient's bed in a hospital does not seen as a bribe, it is just a "gift" On Tet, employees give the head envelop with tens of thousands of dollars and this is still seen as "gift" PART 5: SOME SUGGESTIONS FOR PREVENTION & RESOLUTION AGAINST CORRUPTION IN VIETNAM: A ROLE OF MEASURES TO PREVENT CORRUPTION Denmark is one of the purest water, with high rankings in the annual ranking of corruption by Transparency world, while Vietnam is ranked 123, this shows the level of corruption in Vietnam  Vietnam is a dynamic developing country, has a strategic location and important position in the international market However, we are also faced with the risks and serious challenges One of the risks that impede reform is corruption Corruption along with waste are happing severely, causing discontent among the people, causing great damage to State property, affecting moral in officials and party members, directly harming to justice and social fairness  Recognizing this danger, Vietnam has many policies and measures to fight corruption and has achieved initial results However, corruption is still going very common, may spread in all sectors, at all levels, in all areas Clearly, there is a need to have a more fully aware of the nature and causes of corruption so that there are more effective solutions  B PROPOSE ANTI-CORRUPTION MEASURES IN VIETNAM Regard to the State agencies 1.1 Strengthening political and ideological education for public officials The fight against corruption is the struggle against the physical temptation that may affect strongly economic market today The political, ideological and moral education for officers can not just stop in the directives, resolutions but it have to become important regular tasks  There should be policies to guide and monitor staff to train their moral qualities through concrete work on each working position Political and ideological education and moral training can not only a form, but there must have certain criteria for each staff to inspire themselves, and also for the organizations to understand their members and help them  1.2 Strengthening to manage staff Closely cooperating with state agencies in managing team of officials, officials management here is understood as a comprehensive management from recruitment, promotion to appointment and evaluation  1.3 Raising responsible, treating strictly officials especially those who hold key positions in the state apparatus if they have negative or irresponsible actions that lead to corruption in the sectors, agencies they are in charge A strict attitude against violations of the officers is a very effective measure for preventing corruption 1.4 Adding and completing policy, law of state, especially the mechanism of economic - financial management, management of public assets, ensuring adequate provisions, namely, clear, easy to implement First is the mechanism of economic financial management, management of public assets At the same time, promoting policies to observe laws and policies so that bad guys can not enjoy illegal profits In Singapore, the anti-corruption laws is also strict Bureau of corruption may working directly with the Prime Minister's office and have great power They can arrest and investigate without a license, if there is "a reasonable basis to believe that waiting for license may prevent investigation process." 1.5 Continuing reform the state apparatus to ensure logic, clear specific tasks, administrative reform, removing the troublesome procedures for businesses and citizens, public administrative procedures 1.6 Reforming basic salary, raise the living standards, and strictly deal with those who commit acts of corruption, improve quality, and political qualities, discipline and expertise of staff For example, in Singapore, government has paid high salary for politicians and civil servants This both prevents brain drain and eradicates corruption 1.7 Strengthening inspection and supervision and prevent corruption, strengthen the inspection and investigation activities of public work of civil servants and public authorities, in order to prevent acts of harassment when being on duty, timely recommend amending and supplementing shortcomings of policies that lead to corruption 1.8 Publicity and transparency in the activities of agencies, organizations and units : This is the first important measure to prevent corruption The transparency will create conditions for people as well as the whole society to participate in monitoring the activities of state agencies With the transparency of operations at the state agencies, people will easily recognize their rights and their obligations to comply with all the provisions of law as well as require state authorities and officials, civil servants to implement such provisions Publicity and transparency will make public officials more aware of the implementation of their responsibilities and duties as procedures which authorized by law, because any violation, harassment or abuse their authority to self-interest can be detected and treated 1.9 Matter of assets and incomes transparency of officials and civil servants : This is very important solution and has been successfully applied in a number of countries around the world Declaring transparent property will help staff become more aware of keeping his own image and this is also useful in warning, taking precautions of behaviors, thoughts to hide corruption (Illustration image) For society organizations, the press and the people 2.1 Promoting the spirit to own of the people and there is mechanism for people to exercise their rights and monitor State bodies and officials, civil servants, actively detect and denounce the behavior and corruption expression It needs to organize well implementation of democratic regulations at grassroot level 2.2 The mass media actively participate in detecting acts of corruption and also struggle with manifestations abuse anti- corruption to fight one another, cause bad in internal and affect the potitical and social situation In the fight against corruption, it can not forget the great role of the mass media agencies Press is a link between the people and the State and is the voice of the people Content and propagation methods must be varied, fit the actual situation Each legal policies have to come to the people in a quickest and most effective way so that they know their rights and their obligations and responsibilities to struggle in the implementation process Epilogue: The anti-corruption in Vietnam is now considered continuous and urgent work, requiring effort on the part of public authorities as well as the close monitoring of the entire society We need to minimize corruption if there is a strong political will Work against corruption will become hopeless if it is lack of political will, or when political leaders and senior officials just say not Because it is the politicians who has the ability to create the biggest changes, because they create law and decide finance for law enforcement We hope that our efforts with innovation and determination, we will achieve success in the fight against corruption and bring a clearer and more livable society / Refference:  Website of Worldbank: www.worldbank.org  Website from : http://www.transparency.org  Vietnamese Ministry of Foreign Affairs : www.mofa.gov.vn  Website of General Statistics Office: www.gso.gov.vn  Marketing management – PGSM ... of corruption in business relations – authorities of the State are still in the form of bribes “thank envelopes, invitation of dinner, reception ” In business – business relationships, common forms... awkward, the “asking – giving” mechanism in the public service activities are still popular; administrative procedures are troublesome, heavy and unreasonable The “asking – giving” mechanism is... historic Dien Bien Phu victory; for Huynh Ngoc Si, Director of project management of Avenue East – West, HCMC received 260 thousand dollar bribe to bid evaluation and acceptance in favor of the