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PGS TS ĐỖ VĂN DŨNG A accelerator Aa A = ampere: Đơn vò đo cường độ dòng điện AA = automotive association: Hiệp hội ôtô AAA = American automotive association: Hiệp hội ôtô Hoa Kỳ A-arm n US = wishbone: Cánh tay đòn hình chữ A abrasion n removal of surface material from any solid, through friction action: Sự mài bề mặt vật cứng nhờ ma sát abrasive n substance used for the removal of matter: Vật liệu maøi abrasive cleaner = cleaner which removes a certain amount of the surface: Máy mài abrasive disc = rotating disc of sanding or grinding tool: Đóa đá mài abrasive paper =paper with a rough surface for the removal of matter: Giấy nhám ABS = anti-lock braking system: Hệ thống phanh chống hãm cứng ABS override button = button which cuts out the anti-lock braking system, for drivers who want to take threshold braking into their own hands: Nút ngắt hệ thống ABS ABS relay valve = electrically operated valve controlling the air pressure in an ABS system: Van rôle ABS abut v to make contact, especially of gear teeth: tiếp xúc abutment n (a) part which another part comes up against so that its motion is stopped; a more formal word for ‘stop’: Điểm dừng (b) making of contact, especially by gear teeth: Vết tiếp xúc abutting edge n edge of a panel where it joins another: Góc nối AC = alternating current: Dòng điện xoay chiều A/C = air-conditioning: Điều hòa không khí ACC = accelerate (used mostly on cruise control): Tăng tốc (nút bấm tăng tốc hệ thống ga tự động) accelerate v to go faster or make faster: Tăng tốc accelerated test procedure = test which has been made quicker, by leaving out or shortening certain items: Qui trình kiểm tra nhanh (bớt số công đoạn) accelerating agent = accelerator: Chân ga, bàn đạp ga acceleration n increase of speed: Sự tăng tốc sluggish acceleration = increase speed slowly: Sự tăng tốc chậm chạp (lì máy) acceleration enrichment = providing a richer fuel/air mixture is needed to provide extra power and smooth response: Sự làm giàu hỗn hợp hoà khí để tăng tốc accelerator n (a) chemical agent which makes a reaction Tự điển Anh – Việt chuyên ngành Công Nghệ Ô tô PGS TS ĐỖ VĂN DŨNG depress the accelerator happen more quickly, for instance in plastics production an additive which promotes the hardening process of resins: Taùc nhân làm tăng nhanh phản ứng hóa học (b) pedal which controls the opening of the throttle: Bàn đạp ga depress the accelerator or step on the accelerator = cause the throttle to open to make the vehicle go faster: Nhấn ga, đạp ga ease up on the accelerator = reduce the throttle opening to go less fast: Giaûm ga take one’s foot off the accelerator = close the throttle in order to slow down: Buông chân ga (NOTE: also called accelerator pedal or throttle pedal) accelerator pump = carburetor device that improves acceleration by injecting an additional amount of fuel when the accelerator pedal is depressed: Bơm tăng tốc acceptance test n test of a part or assembly for acceptable quality: Kiểm tra chất lượng chi tiết access n means of reaching something: Sự tiến đến, cách đạt được, tiếp cận access hole = hole through which something can be reach, also a hole through which sealant is injected into cavities: Loã thoâng accessories n additional items of equipment which can be fitted to a AC generator vehicle or used with a basic tool: Phụ kiện, phụ tùng accident damage n damage to the body-work of a vehicle resulting from an accident: Sự hư hỏng thân xe tai nạn accumulator n (a) storage battery, especially for an electrically driven vehicle: Bình aéc quy (b) pressure reservoir for a suspension system with automatic leveling: tích áp cho hệ thống treo tự ñoäng (c) part of a hydraulic system which is charged by the fluid pump, absorbs fluctuating fluid delivery, stores fluid at pressure, and can provide a rapid flow of fluid sure pressure: Bộ tích áp thuỷ lực accumulator battery n = storage battery: Bình ắc quy accumulator-drier n device on the low side of an airconditioning system, usually at the evaporator outlet on the bulk-head which store excess refrigerant; it consists of a tank, a filter, a drying agent and a vapour return tube: Bình chứa lọc gas (laïnh) accumulator system n system in an automatic transmission comprising a hydraulic accumulator controlled by a valve, and a running time throttle: Hệ thống tích áp (hộp số tự ñoäng) accumulator valve n valve controlling hydraulic accumulator: Van tích áp AC generator n = ALTERNATOR: Máy phát xoay chiều Tự điển Anh – Việt chuyên ngành Công Nghệ Ô tô PGS TS ĐỖ VĂN DŨNG acid rain acid rain n rain containing pollutants from industrial waste and vehicle exhaust gases dissolved in the atmosphere: Möa axit Ackermann steering n from of double-pivot steering in which the front wheels turn on kingpins andare connected by inclined steering arms and a track rod, so arranged angle than the outer: Hệ thống lái kiểu Ackermann Ackermann angle = toe-out or toe-in with the wheels in the straight-ahead position: Goùc đặt bánh xe kiểu Ackermann Ackermann axle = fixedposition, steerable front axle within two pivot points, one on each end of the axle, with vertical kingpin: Truïc Ackermann across corners = A/C: Ngã tư across flats = A/F: Mặt caét ngang acrylate n polymer, such as ethyl acrylate, used in rubber toughening: Chất keo dán cao su acrylic (paint) n paint with pigments mixed in a solution based on acrylic resin: Sôn acrylic acrylic finish = finish using acrylic paints, often a two-pack finish: Sơn bóng sơn acrylic acrylic resin = any thermoplastic synthetic polymer made by the polymerization of acrylic derivatives such as acrylic acid, ethyl acrylate and methacrylate, used for adhesives, protective coatings, and finishes: Nhựa acrylic (dùng cho sơn lót sơn bóng) activated braking time ACT = air charge temperature: Nhiệt độ khí nạp activated carbon n highly porous carbon, usually in pellet from, granular, or powdered, characterized by fine pores resulting in a very large surface area per unit volume, hence able to absorb gases, fluids, etc.: Than hoạt tính activated carbon canister = filter which absorbs fuel vapours from the tank and fuel system when the engine is not running, and when the engine running is regenerated by purging the charcoal bed with hot air, using engine vacuum to draw the released vapours into the intake air stream: Bình hút xăng than hoạt tính activated charcoal n = activated carbon: Than hoạt tính activated charcoal trap = activated carbon canister: Bầu lọc than hoạt tính activator n material or mixture added to an accelerated curing system to enhance the effect of the vulcanization accelerator in tyre production: Phụ gia đẩy nhanh trình lưu hoá (sản xuất vỏ xe) activated braking time n time required to come to a standstill after the brakes have been applied, i.e not including the driver’s reaction time: Thời gian kích hoạt phanh Tự điển Anh – Việt chuyên ngành Công Nghệ Ô tô PGS TS ĐỖ VĂN DŨNG active noise control active noise control (system) n = anti-noise system: Hệ thống chống tiếng ồn active safety n active measures taken to prevent accidents, such as more powerful brakes and safer handling characteristics: An toàn chủ ñoäng active suspension n suspension system which uses microprocessors to control electronically adjustable shock absorbers which adapt automatically to the road surface and load: Hệ thống treo chủ động actuate v to bring a part into operation: Khởi động, làm cho hoạt động, vận hành an actuating lever or switch = a lever or switch brings a part into operation: Công tắc (cần) khởi động actuator n controlling or operating device, e.g a vacuum mechanism for opening flaps in air conditioning systems: Cơ cấu chấp hành actuator arm = arm connecting the diaphragm to the contact breaker platform in a vacuum advance mechanism: Cần dẫn động (đánh lửa sớm áp thấp) adapter or adaptor n device for connecting two parts of different sizes, especially an accessory for joining a socket and a drive handle with different sizes drives: Ống nối, nối adapter plate = plate which allows the mounting of a different adiabatic engine part from the original: Đóa tiếp hợp, đóa nối additive n substance added to fuel or engine oil to enhance its performance and to improve its properties, such as upper cylinder lubricant: Chất phụ gia adhere v to remain attached or stick (to something): Bám chặt, dính adhesion n ability to remain attached (to something), especially the ability of a tyre to grip the road surface: Sự bám, độ baùm adhesive n substance used to join together two or more solids so that they from a single piece, such as resins, formaldehyde, glue, cement, etc.: Chất kết dính, keo adhesive bonding = joining together of two or more solids by the use of glue, cement, or other adhesives: Sự dán adhesive tape = sticky tape usually with one shiny side and one side coated with adhesive: Baêng keo adhesive weight = a small lead weight used to balance a wheel: Trọng lượng chì bấm vào bánh xe để cân adiabatic a niether losing nor gaining heat, therefore thermally efficient: Đoạn nhiệt (không không lấy nhiệt) adiabatic engine = engine which makes the best use of combustion heat by reducing heat loss due to coolant: Động đoạn nhiệt Tự điển Anh – Việt chuyên ngành Công Nghệ Ô tô PGS TS ĐỖ VĂN DŨNG adjust adjust v to put (something) into the correct position: Điều chỉnh, hiệu chỉnh adjust the ignition timing = cause the spark to occur at the correct moment: Điều chỉnh thời điểm đánh lửa adjustable a that can be changed or made different: Coù thể điều chỉnh adjustable shock absorber = shock absorber which can be made harder or softer: Bộ giảm chấn điều chỉnh adjustable spanner = open– end spanner with a single smoothjaw that can be adjusted to fit nuts and bolts of different sizes: Mỏ lếch adjuster n device for moving something into a different or the correct position: Thiết bò điều chỉnh (vò trí) seat adjuster = mechanism for moving a seat backwards and forwards: Cơ cấu điều chỉnh ghế ngồi adjuster cam = cam in a drum brake which acts on the shoes to take up the adjustment, i.e bring the shoes closer to the drum: Cam chỉnh (phanh trống) adjusting gauge n tool such as a feeler gauge used to check distances and clearances between parts for adjustment purposes: Thiết bò đo khe hở (lá cỡ) adjusting screw = screw for altering e.g the idling speed of the engine or for brake advance adjustment: Vít điều chỉnh cầm chừng adjusting shim = shim for reducing clearances especially in adjusting valve tappets: Shim (miếng chêm) điều chỉnh khe hở (súpáp) adjusting sleeve = sleeve on the end of the tie rod which shortens or lengthens it to increase or reduce toe-out: Thanh điều chỉnh góc chụm bánh xe adjustment n (a) altering or correcting the position of something or the position or valve achieved: Sự điều chænh (b) possibility of altering or correcting the position of something; clearance or play: Khả thay đổi hiệu chỉnh vò trí vật there is no adjustment left = the adjusting screw or nut is at the end of its travel: Chỉnh hết cỡ to take up the adjustment = to obtain the correct position, usually by reducing a clearance: Hiệu chỉnh (khe hở) a-drier n paint drier with heating elements below the stoving line: Giàn sấy sơn adsorption n bonding of a solid with a gas or vapour which touches its surface: Sự hút bám (NOTE: opposite is desorption) adsorption canister n = ACTIVATED CARBON CANISTER: Bầu hút xăng advance v to cause (something) to occur earlier: Trước, sớm Tự điển Anh – Việt chuyên ngành Công Nghệ Ô tô PGS TS ĐỖ VĂN DŨNG advance capsule to advance the spark or ignition or timing = to cause the spark and therefore combustion to occur earlier: Đánh lửa sớm n extent to which the ignition spark is made to occur earlier: Góc đánh lửa sớm the ignition needs more advance = the spark is occurring too late: Cần đánh lửa sớm (NOTE: opposite is retard) advance capsule n = vacuum advance (unit): Bộ đánh lửa sớm chân không advance curve n curve showing how the amount of ignition advance increase with the speed of the engine and/or the vacuum in the inlet manifold: Đường đặc tính góc đánh lửa sớm theo tốc độ tải advanced a (of ignition) occurring (too) early: Đánh lửa sớm the ignition is (over-) advanced = the spark is occurring (too) early: Đánh lửa sớm (NOTE: opposite is retard) advance weight n either of the two weights in a centrifugal advance mechanism: Quaû văng cấu đánh lửa sớm ly tâm aeration n foaming due to the introduction of air into hydraulic fluid or the oil of a shock absorber: Sự tạo bọt (giảm xóc) aerial n long metal tube for receiving radio signals: AÊnten (NOTE: US English is antenna) A/F aerodynamic a relating to the flow of air round a moving body: Khí động lực học (thân xe) (of a car, bodywork, etc ) streamlined, offering low wind resistance: Hình dáng khí động lực aerodynamics n (a) branch of dynamics dealing with the motion of air and with the forces acting on bodies moving through the air: Khí động lực học (b) aerodynamic properties: Đặc điểm khí động lực học The poor aerodynamic of early cars resulted in wastage of power = early cars had too much wind resistance which wasted power: Những xe có hình dáng khí động học làm lãng phí công suaát (NOTE: sense (a) is singular, sense (b) is plural) aerofoil n wing-like structure, used on racing cars to achieve negative lift or down-force: Cánh giảm lực nâng xe đua A/F = air/fuel: Tỉ số không khí nhiên liệu, tỉ lệ hoà khí Three-way catalytic converters demand close A/F control = the air/fuel mixture has to be carefully controlled when using three-way catalytic converters: Bộ xúc tác TWC phải hoạt động chế độ điều khiển kín hỗn hợp hòa khí A/F (dimension) n width across the flats (of a hexagon, square drive, etc.): mặt cắt ngang Tự điển Anh – Việt chuyên ngành Công Nghệ Ô tô PGS TS ĐỖ VĂN DŨNG A-frame A-frame n A-shape chassis frame, typically of a trailer or caravan: Khung xe hình chữ A afterburning n completion of the combustion of incompletely burnt mixture in the exhaust system: Sự cháy tiếp (ở pô) CO and HC levels can be reduced by afterburning = emissions of carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons can be reduced by burning incompletely burnt mixture: Mức CO HC giảm nhờ cháy tiếp aftercooler n heat exchanger in a diesel engine which cools the intake of air before it enters the cylinders: Bộ giải nhiệt khí nạp after-start enrichment n enrichment of the air/fuel mixture on starting the engine, especially in electronic fuel injection systems, regulated by the electronic control unit ; it is reduced either at a fixed rate or asengine temperature increases: Sự làm đậm hỗn hợp sau khởi động aged catalyst n catalyst which has been used: Xúc tác qua sử dụng (NOTE: opposite is fresh catalyst) age-hardening n hardening of aluminium or metal alloys as a result of ageing: Sự cứng lão hoá ageing n change of characteristics in some metal after heat treatment or cold working: air bag module Sự thay đổi tính chất sau xử lí nhiệt aggressive agent or medium n corrosive material which attacks metals: Tác nhân (môi trường) ăn mòn kim loại agitation cup n type of paint pot for spray guns fitted with an integral agitator: Cốc trộn (sôn) agitator n device for mixing paint by shaking: Bình trộn sơn cách lắc A.h = AMPERE-HOUR AH rim n rim design able to run with a flat tyre and with increased safety in case of sudden air loss: Niềng xe kiểu AH (có thể chạy xì vỏ) aimer n tool for aiming headlights: Dụng cụ cân chỉnh đèn đầu aiming n adjusting the direction of headlight beams: Sự cân đèn đầu air n mixture of gases forming the atmosphere: Không khí put some air in the tyres = inflate the tyres: Bơm bánh xe Here is too much air in the mixture = the mixture is too weak: Hỗn hợp nghèo air bag n bag in the fascia region which inflates on impact and thus saves the occupants of the vehicle from injury caused by being thrown against the interior structure in a collision: Túi khí, gối air bag module or unit = the air bag plus inflator and cover: Cuïm túi khí Tự điển Anh – Việt chuyên ngành Công Nghệ Ô tô PGS TS ĐỖ VĂN DŨNG air bag restraint system air bag restraint system = system using an air bag to restrain occupants in a collision: Hệ thống bảo vệ đụng túi khí (NOTE: this is also called a passive restraint system) air bellows n rubber vessel or sleeve filled with compressed gas or to act as a compression spring in air suspensions: OÁng giảm chấn khí air brake n brake mechanism in which compressed air acting on a piston or diaphragm is used to apply the brakes; mainly found in commercial vehicles: Phanh hôi air charge temperature (ACT) n temperature of the air sucked into the carburettor or fuel injection system: Nhiệt độ không khí nạp air cleaner n = AIR FILTER: Lọc gió air compressor n device for supplying compressed air, e.g for paint spraying or in an air brake system: Máy nén khí air-conditioning n system of filtering air and keeping it at a desirable temperature and humidity level: điều hoà không khí air-cooled a cooled by a current of air as opposed to water, etc.: Làm mát khí (NOTE: opposite is liquid-cooled) air correction jet n jet admitting air into the emulsion tube of a carburettor: Giclơ không khí (gió) air cushion n = AIR BAG: Túi khí air/fuel air dam n spoiler under the front bumper to reduce wind resistance: Tấm giảm lực cản gió phía trước air deflector n US = AIR SHIELD: Tấm chắn gió air duct n any passage conducting air, particularly for heating and ventilation: Ống dẫn không khí (hệ thống điều hòa) air filter n device for filtering dust and dirt out of the air drawn into the carburettor or fuel injection system through the air intake: Lọc gió air filter element = element of absorbent paper or felt inserted into the air filter, which catches dirt and dust in the air drawn into the engine: Màng lọc gió airflow n flow of air past a moving object, especially a vehicle, or through a duct: Lưu lượng (dòng chảy) không khí airflow sensor = sensor in an electronically controlled fuel injection system which has a flat that is deflected by the intake air and thus governs the amount of fuel delivered; it also incorporates a temperature sensor: Cảm biến lưu lượng không khí air/fuel (A/F) a relating to the combination of air and fuel in the charge for combustion: Tỉ số gió nhiên liệu (tỉ lệ hoà khí) a lean or rich air/ fuel mixture = a mixture containing little or a lot of fuel in relation to air: hỗn hợp hòa khí giàu nghèo Tự điển Anh – Việt chuyên ngành Công Nghệ Ô tô PGS TS ĐỖ VĂN DŨNG air gulp system variations in the air/ fuel ratio = variations in the amount of fuel in relation to air, more air resulting in a lean or weak mixture, less air in a rich mixture: Sự thay đổi tỉ lệ hòa khí air gulp system n system in vehicles with secondary air injection or induction, which prevents an overrich mixture being supplied to the inlet manifold during deceleration, resulting in unburnt fuel being carried over to the hot exhaust system where it cause uncontrolled detonations: Hệ thống thêm gió giảm tốc air hold fitting n special tool for work on OHV-engine used to keep valves closes by mean of air pressure: Dụng cụ ép sú páp khí nén air horn n motor horn in which a blast of compressed air through a reed: Kèn (còi) air induction or injection system n secondary air system without air pump, using aspirator valves and the pulse air principle to introduce fresh air into the exhaust system to promote afterburning of unburnt hydrocarbons and carbonmonoxide: Hệ thống bơm không khí vào ống thải (pô) air injection manifold = duct inside or a tube outside the cylinder head feeling secondary air into the exhaust ports: Đường ống dẫn không khí vào ống thaûi air intake n opening through which air enters, especially for the air ratio carburetor or fuel injection system, for the radiator or for the heating and ventilating system: Đường dẫn không khí airless spraying n.spraying process in which the coating material is not atomized by a stream of air, but is subjected to high pressure, which cause it to pass through a jet or nozzle allowing it to be atomized and projected: Phun sơn áp lực air-less spray gun = spray gun used for air–less spraying: Súng sơn nén air line n (a) pipe hose or duct which conveys air or vaccum: Ống dẫn khí chân không (b) compressed air supply for inflating tyres, driving compressed air tools, etc.: Bơm bánh xe air micrometer n precision control for adjusting the air quantity delivered by a spray gun: Bộ chỉnh gió súng phun air outlet n opening from which air exits, especially for ventilation and demiting: Cửa thông gió air pressure n pressure exerted by air, e.g on the diaphragm of a brake servo: p lực không khí (lên màng) air ratio n air/air ratio, i.e the ratio of the actual intake air volume to the air volume theoretically needed for complete combustion of the fuel content of air/ fuel mixture: Hệ số dư lượng không khí Tự điển Anh – Việt chuyên ngành Công Nghệ Ô tô PGS TS ĐỖ VĂN DŨNG air receiver 10 air receiver n = AIR TANK: Bầu chứa không khí, bình khí nén air select valve n valve in a two stage catalytic converter with secondary air injection, which is solenoid-operated and is triggered by the electronic control module to direct air to the exhaust valve ports or to the catalytic converter, depending on operating conditions: Van điều khiển bơm không khí (vào ống thaûi) air sensor n sensor which monitors the air quantity inside the car, checks it for the presence of pollutants, and operates flaps to cut off the external air to the air conditioning system if the pollutant concentration is too high: Cảm biến không khí xe air shield n sloping panel on the roof of a vehicle, especially a commercial vehicle or trailer, intended to improve air-flow: Cánh dẫn hướng gió mui (NOTE: US English is air defector) air shock absorber n shock absorber incoporating a rubber boot filled with compressed air serving as an auxiliary pneumatic spring ; mainly used for lever control purposes on the rear axle of a vehicle, e.g when towing heavy trailers: Bộ giảm chấn khí air silencer n device usually incorporated in the air filter to cut out induction hiss: Bộ phận giảm lọc gió air spring n = AIR BELLOWS: Giảm chấn khí alkaline battery air suspension n vehicle suspension in which air or gas in compression is the principal or only spring medium: Hệ thống treo khí (NOTE: also called pneumatic suspension) air tank n container for compressed air, especially for a compressor: Bầu chứa khí nén air volume n quantity of air: Thể tích không khí Al = ALUMINIUM: nhoâm alarm (system) n theft protection system, which typically provides the following function: exterior and interior protection; locking the boot and bonnet; making the ignition system inoperative: Hệ thống chống trộm alarmed a protected by an alarm: Được (gắn) chống trộm align v to bring into line or be in line (with something): Canh thẳng hàng aligning punch n tool use to align holes, e.g for inserting a screw or bolt or to centre round components with other parts: Chốt đònh vò alignment n state of being in line or act of bringing into line: canh thẳng hàng alignment mark = mark, e.g on a timing gear or camshaft pulley, which must be brought into line with another mark too give the correct position: Daáu thò, dấu cân chỉnh alkaline battery n secondary battery using an alkaline electrolyte Tự điển Anh – Việt chuyên ngành Công Nghệ Ô tô