DSpace at VNU: Vai trò của văn hóa tôn giáo đối với đời sống tinh thần việt nam hiện nay

VAI TRO CUA VAN HOA TON GIAO DOI v o l DOI SONG TINH THAN VIET NAIM HIEN NAY Va Dire Chinli (Hba thuang Thicli Thanh Nliieu) van boa tdn giao thudc ITnh vyc van hda tam linh, la mot Ihanh to cua van hda finh than ndi chung, xep ben eanh cac ITnh vyc van hda chinh tri, van hda tu tudng van hda khoa hge, van hda nghe thuat, van hda giao due, van hda tham my Ddi sdng linh than cua xa hdi va ddi sdng vat chat la hai boat ddng sdng coban eiia ngudi Khai niem ddi sdng linh than xa hdi bao gdm loan bg hien lb ye tinh than eiia xa hdi gdm ca y Ihiie ea nhan, y Ihuc ciia cac tap doan ngudi Ddi sdng tinh than bao ham loan bg qua Irinh san xuat, phan phdi, tieu diing cac gia tri tinh than; la tdng hda tat ca cac hien tugng tinh than, ed nhung hien tugng da trd phd bien, ed hien tugng mcVi phdi thai dang qua Irinh hinh Ihanh, ddng thai ed ca nhiing hien tugng cG tdn tai vdi tu each la tan du eiia xa hdi Van hda ton giao ddng vai trd het sue quan trgng ddi sdng van hda tinh than Viet Nam VcVi tu each la mot Id cua kien triic Ihugng tang, van hda ton giao ludn ed sy tac ddng trd lai hien Ihyc, cai da san sinh no, dap ung nhiing khat vgng eiia eon ngudi Van hda tdn giao tao nen nhiing gia tri, thiie day va lam phong phii ddi sdng van hda tinh than ciia xa hdi; song ddi ciing ed nhung can trd ddi vdi xa hdi La mot qude gia da tdn giao, ben canh nhiing tdn giao n()i sinh nhu dao Cao Dai, Hda Hao, Viet Nam eon ed nhinig ton giao du nhap tu ben ngoai vao nhu Phal giao, Cong giao Tin Lanh, Hdi giao Cac tdn giao d Viet Nam ludn tdn tai song hanh cung lich su dan toe, da ed nhung ddng gdp tich eye nhal dinh cho nen van hda, gdp phan tao nen ban sac van hda ddc dao eiia dan tdc Viet Nam Bude sang thdi ky hdi nhap, Dang, Nha nude la da nhin nhan lai vai ird cua tdn giao ddi vdi ddi sdng xa hc)i, nhat la ddi vdi ddi sdng finh than: "Tdn giao la van de tdn tai lau dai Tin nguang, tdn giao la nhu eau tinh than eiia mot be) phan nhan dan Dao due tdn giao ed nhieu dieu phu hgp vdi edng cude xay dung xa hdi mdi"' ThS., Pho Chu tich Thudng true Hoi dong trj sir Trung uang Giao hoi Phal giao Viet Nam Nghi quyet 24- NQ/TW 16 - 10 - 1990 cua Bo Chinh tri ve Tdng cuang cdng tdc tdn giao tinh hinh mdi 456 VAI TRQ CUA VAN H A TCN GIAO Tix nhung ly Iren, nghien eiiu Vai trd cua van hda ton giao ddi vdi ddi sdng tinh than Viet Nam hien la mot vin dl ed y nghia thill thye va mang tinh thdi sy Tuy nhien, khudn khd ban tham luan, ehiing tdi chi dl cap din vai trd cua van hda Phal giao va Cdng giao, hai tdn giao thi gidi lai Viet Nam, ed anh hudng Idn ddi vdi ddi sdng tinh thin Viet Nam hien Sy du nhap ciia Phal giao, Cdng giao vao Viet Nam da gdp phin lam phong phii va "nang elp" ddi sdng van hda tinh thin xa hdi, duge thI hien tren hai phuong dien ehii yen: thu nhdt, van hda tin ngudng va luan ly dao due ngudi Viet; thir hai, van hge va nghe thuat Day ciing la vIn dl Idn, nhung bai vilt chi gidi ban lap trung fiinh bay vai trd eiia Phal giao va Cdng giao ddi vdi van hda tin ngudng va luan ly dao due cua ngudi Viet Vai tro ciia van hoa Phat giao ddi vdi van hoa tin ngncrng va luan ly dao du-c nguoi Viet Vdi sy du nhap va phal triln ciia tin nguang lam linh, Phal giao da tao vdng trdn ddng tam hdi tu cac tin ngudng khae ciia ngudi Viet lir Ijch su den hien tai Cac trilu dai phong kiln Viet Nam (thdi Ly, Trin) da dya vao uy thin, phep Phal dl tri nude an dan, muu eau mot dai sy cho nude nha Phat giao gin bd va ed anh hudng rit Idn ddi vdi Nha nude Nhilu bae cao tang da ed vj tri quan trgng nhu nhung ed van chinh tri thye sy ciia fiieu dinh Trude quylt dinh mot vIn dl he trgng nao dd, trieu dinh thudng tam thinh y cac bae cao tang' Trong ddi sdng van hda tin ngudng cua ngudi dan, mai chua than thuang da in dam diu an tu tudng, tinh cam mdi ngudi, mdi cdng ddng lang xa vdi hinh anh "Mdi chua che chd hdn dan tdc'" Dan dyng ehiia thd Phat, Thanh Mau, Td fien khdng chi ed mue dich giai thoat, thI hien dao due "udng nude nhd ngudn" ma ca mue dich nhd Phat "che chd" cho nhung liic thit ca Id van, dm dau, clu mong am phu mua thuan gid hda, thuan Igi cho san xult ndng nghiep, ngu dan khai danh ca duge hinh an, thuyin be di lai tren sdng thuan budm xudi gid Anh hudng ciia Phat giao edn the hien rd qua clu Iriic ciia nhilu ngdi ehiia va qua viec sap xep dien thd ehiia Sy dung hgp Phat giao vdi tin ngudng truyin thdng va cac tdn giao khae each thd ly tai chiia, da khiln cho tinh chit Phat giao d ddng bang Bae Bg khae vdi cdi ngudn d An Do Nguyen Khic Thuan (2006), Tiin trinh van hda Viet Nam tir khai thiiy din thi ky XTX, Nxb Giao due, tr 345 457 VIET NAM HOC - KY YEU HOI THAO QUOC TE LAN THU TU Trong ehiia, tai chinh dien (Tam Bao) la trung tam eiia sy thd ciing O day ed nhieu ban thd; ban thd chinh duge dai d giiia, thudng duge lam nhiing bae tu cao xudng thap Khdng ed mot cdng thue chung cho sy bai tri tugng d cac ehiia Viet Nam Vi tri cua cac tugng thay ddi mot each linh boat theo tirng ngdi ehiia Tuy nhien, nhin chung tai chinh dien d cac chua theo phai Bae tdng vung ddng bang Bae Bg, thudng duge bai tri thd theo nam Idp the hien chu Phat ba ddi: qua khu, hien tai, tuong lai Ben canh cac chu Phal ludn ed cac Thanh Tang theo hau Ben eanh dd, chua edn thd ca cac vi vua, nhiing ngudi ed edng vdi chua, nhiing nha tu hanh (su id), Tu vi Phap vuong Phal (Van, Vii, Ldi, Dien) Khi van hda Viet Nam ehiu anh hudng cua Nho giao, Lao giao, khdng gian chua thd them Than, Thanh, Tien, ngudi, trdi, dat Nhu vay, ehiia khdng chi la noi thye hanh tin ngudng cua rieng Phal giao ma edn la noi thye hanh nhieu loai tin ngudng khae Nd la cai true eo ban, la nen tang tin ngudng de hdi tu cac loai hinh tin ngudng ed mat euc)e sdng tin ngudng ciia ngudi Viet Chiia khdng ehi la noi hudng Ihien "tir, bi, hy, xa" ma edn la noi triing tu cdng dixc, eau xin de dat duge cac sd nguyen ddi thudng va ea ve cdi vTnh hlng (ndi rgng ra, ca vdng ddi ngudi gan vdi chiia) Va chinh sy hdi tu cua Phat giao dd ma khach hanh huong din chua bi choang nggp inrde cac tugng phap, cac ban, cac cung Tap quan di le chua da trd net dep IrOng van hda lam linh ciia nhan dan la Xua ban ban keo dai, quan lai va ky hao din chua thd Tti Phap dc lam ll dao vii, clu cho dan cd nude cay cay, cho cd cay tuai lot, miia mang bdi thu ; cac bae cao nien lang lai lo lam le eau an dau nam, le eau mat vao he, le dang giai ban, Irir on dich, sau bg pha hoai mua mang cho dan chung Ngay nay, tir Ihi den ndng thdn, vao cac Sdc, Vc?ng, ngudi dan thudng din chua ll Phat Ddi vdi Phat giao, Sdc, Vong la "trudng tinh ", luc la irong sach nhlt Ngay ma ngudi xuat gia phai lam le Bd tat, tuc dgc lung Gidi luat va kilm diem lai hanh vi cua minh Ddi vdi nhung fin dd Phat giao, nhijng ngudi khdng xult gia tu hanh thi se lam le "Sam hdi" Chinh vi vay, Sdc, Vgng duge ggi la sam hdi Chiia ludn gan lien vdi lang va hdi chua ciing chinh la hdi lang: "Dii budn dau ban dau Den Phat dan nam chdu ciing ve Con ngudi mdi sinh thi ban khoan cho Que 6ng d chua, liic trudng thi lam le to hlng d chua, chet di lam le eau sieu d chCia 458 VAI T R Q CUA VAN H A T O N GIAO Dii at budn ban tram be Den Phat dan ta ve chiia ta " Dau nam thudng ed cac ll hdi chua Idn nhu ll hdi chua Huong Tich, duge Id chuc tu mdng Ihang Gieng va keo dai din 25 thang Ba Ca dao cd eau: "Chang dl thi nhd, thi thuang Dl thi men canh chiia Huang chdng ve Mot Id vul thu San Khe Hal Id dd trot Idl the ciing al" Tuc di ehiia van eanh, eau ly, eau may, da trd mot net dep van hda, mot phong tuc eiia ngudi dan Viet Chiia Huong d My Due (Ha Ndi), la mot nhiing dja danh noi tieng linh thieng dan gian vl viec clu ly Trong ddng Huong Tich, thudc quan Ihl chua Huong, dan gian edn dat ten cho nhirng nhii da ly nhien la Dun Vang, Dun Bae, Dun Cd, Dyn Cau, Nong Tim, Nong Gao Tir xa xua ngudi Viet tin rang, mong ude duge giau cd thi sd Dun Vang, Dim Bae; cau cd con, cd chau thi sd Dun Cd, Dun Cau, mudn miia mang bdi thu thi sd vao Nong ram, Nong Gao Ll hoi chua Thay dien tir mdng din mdng thang Ba qua ca dao: "Tral chua vgf nhd hgl chiia Thay Gdi chua chong nhd hang Cac Ca" Ll hdi chua Dau (tuc le hdi chiia Dien Vfng) a tinh BIC Ninh, Id chuc vao mdng thang Tu Net dac biet ciia ll hdi la viec to chuc rude cac nir thin Phap Van, Phap Vii, Phap Ldi, Phap Dien Trong ll hdi edn cd cac trd choi nhu miia gay, miia su tu, miia trdng Ngoai cd rIt nhilu ll hdi chua khae nhu: chua Keo, chua Am, chiia Dau, chiia Lim Ll hdi chua duge td chuc quanh nam va thudng gin vdi nhiing clu mong, nguyen ude vl vat chit, tinh thin eiia ngudi dan neu tren la minh chung cho sy gin bd chat che giiia nha chua va cdng ddng dan eu Vi thi ed y kiln cho ring, hien chua thye sy la nhiing trung tam van hda xa hdi Ngudi dan din chua dl fim sy than eiia coi long, giii d tat ea due fin va hda vao dd vdi bao sinh boat edng ddng bd ich Nha tu hanh den vdi dan bang tit ea long thanh, uu ddi thi Qua ciing the hien vai trd ciia Phat giao ddi vdi ddi sdng tinh thin etia ngudi dan Hien nay, tin ngudng Phat giao edn anh hudng din mot sd gia dinh Ngudi dan mdc Phat vl thd tai nha bing anh Phat, tugng Phat, tugng cac ngai Bd Tat Quan Am Nhieu bai van khan, van cau cudi nam, dIu nam, gid tit, ma chay gia dinh cd noi dung the hien tinh tin ngudng Phat giao rd net; dac biet eau 459 VIET NAM HOC - KY YEU HOI THAO QUOC TE L A N THU TU md dIu thudng blng viec tdn xung danh hieu "Nam md A Di Da Phal" Phal giao da di vao Idng dan, vao ddi sdng tinh than cua ddng dao nhan dan nhu mot niem tin Qua nhirng phan tich tren day cho thay sy ket hgp giira Phat giao vdi tin ngudng dan gian ban dia eiia eu dan ndng nghiep liia nude, da tao nen net dac sic va sy ddc dao ddi sdng van hda linh than Viet Nam Nd the hien nhirng mong ude, khat vgng vuon len eiia ngudi Ben eanh viec len chua le Phat vao Ram, mdng Mot hang thang, dai da sd cac gia dinh ngudi Viet hien deu sam le de thap huong Id lien, gia tdc d gia dinh minh Ngay Ram thang Gieng va Ram thang Bay trd mdi nhiing le quan trgng nhat nam Ngudi dan quan niem "Cling quanh nam khdng bang Ram thang Gieng", hay "Ciing quanh nam khdng bang Ram thang Bay" Ngay Ram thang Bay, gidi Tang Ni, Phat tu ggi la ll Vu Lan Bdn Day la le Ty tu - tuc Chu Tang man ha, cac Phat tu nhan Cling dang Chu Tang nham mue dich bao hieu cho cha me, Id lien Vao nay, tat ca chau cac gia dinh thudng len ehiia le Phat Nhiing edn me edn cha thi cai hoa hdng no xanh, mat me edn cha thi cai hoa Irang no xanh, mat cha edn me thi cai hoa hdng no trang, mat ea cha lan me thi cai hoa trang no Irang Viec cai hoa nham tham nhae nhd bdn phan ciia cai ddi vdi cha me, dd la sy tdn kinh va hieu thao Le Vu Lan lir lau da trd le de eon cai td long hieu thao vdi cha me Cd le, tmdc Phat giao vao Viet Nam, ngudi Viet khdng cd mot le hdi nao nhae nhd dao lam cu the va sinh ddng nhu le hdi Cd the ndi, hdi Vu Lan eiia Phal giao da cd anh hudng rat kVn, mang y ngliTa giao due dao due cho nhirng ngudi lam bdi canh dao due xa hdi dang cd sy suy thoai, xudng cap nghiem trgng ; hien tugng eon cai hdn lao, bae dai, tham ehi danh dap cha me dang dien xa hdi Viet Nam hien Ngoai ra, Phat giao edn hdi nhap vdi tin ngudng ban dia, tao mot tin nguang chung ciia cdng ddng qude gia - dan tdc Phat giao da tham gia vao viec Id chuc cac le Idn ciia dat nude nhu mdng thang 5, 27 thang 7, Qude khanh mdng thang ; dac biet cac gid Td Hung Vuong, Dai ll ky niem 1000 nam Thang Long - Ha Ndi Vdi nhOng boat ddng thye tiln do, Phal giao da khang dinh nhiing gia tri luan ly dao due, nhan ban d lam nhan loai Ngudi dan den vdi tin ngudng Phat giao khdng chi eau Phal phii hd cho ban than, cho gia dinh, ban be ma edn cau cho "Qude thai dan an", dat nude thinh vuong, thi gdi binh an Nhu vay, tin ngudng Phat giao da trd mot phong tuc an sau vao rep sdng cua ngudi dan Viet Phong tuc da va dang gdp phan tri, chuyen tai va 460 VAI TRQ CUA VAN HQATON GIAO phat buy nhirng gia tri van hda, dao due Iruyin thdng eiia dan tdc Net dep ddi sdng van hda finh than chae chan se duge chit Ige, phat buy qua trinh xay dyng nep sdng mdi d nude la thdi ky cdng nghiep hda - hien dai hda hien Van hda Phat gldo cd anh hudng ddi vdi ludn ly vd dao due cua ngudi Viet Nam Trude het la tinh cam va bdn phan thay - trd Trong Phal giao, ehir "Su" tu nha su, nguyen nghia la Thay, Phan ngir vilt la Guru hay Sasta Mot nhirng boat ddng chinh ciia nha su la day dao ly lam ngudi, day giao ly, nghi thue ciia nha Phat va day viec tu hanh Hai chii "Hda Ihugng" Phan ngir vilt la Upadhyaya, ciing duge dich la "Than giao su" Dilu ciing ed nghia la Phal giao ludn gan bd vdi sy nghiep giao due Phal giao rat quan tam den viec xay dyng va ciing ed mdi quan he thiy - trd Klnh Trung A Ham ed viel: Thay trd nen lay dao tuong cam ty nhien, tin kinh nhau, coi ngudi nhu minh , thay nen theo nhu Phap ma day trd, nen day trd nhiing dilu trd chua biet, nen giang cho trd nhirng dieu minh da nghe, nen ehi cho bg bill each ehgn ban than, nen dem het nhirng chd minh bill day bao hg Cach hay nhlt dh lam rang danh ngudi thay chinh la ddc Idng dao tao cho duge nhirng hge trd gidi ban minh Cdn ve phan trd thi: nen cung kinh thIy, nen ll kinh ciing dang thIy, nen tdn va qui ngudng thay, nen vang thuan ldi thIy, nen ghi nhd ldi thIy' Nhiing ldi khuyen etia Phat vl bdn phan ciia hge trd ddi vdi thIy va ct!ia thIy dc^i vdi hge trd neu tren, din vIn edn nguyen gia tri Dilu dd cung la minh chung khang dinh, Phat giao la mot bg phan clu truyin thdng tdn su trgng dao eiia ngudi Viet Nam Ben canh mdi quan he thay trd, mdi quan he giOa nhiing ngudi lanh dao ddi vcn nhan dan ciing duge Phat giao dl cap tdi Theo Klnh Bd Tat Dieu Tir thi, lanh dao xa hdi phai biet thuang dan, gan dan, can dan va ehi bao cho dan Ngudi dan phai biet luan theo luat le va kinh ngudi lanh dao Lanh dao va ngudi dan phai sdng theo nguyen tac luc hda: cung chung sdng, khdng cai eg nhau, vui ve vdi nhau, ciing luan theo va sua chiia cho nhau, cung giang giai cho hilu bill, cung chia quyen Igi cho Ngoai ra, Phat giao edn de cap den bdn phan vg chdng, bdn phan hg hang, bdn phan chiing sinh duge ghi Klnh A Ham, Klnh Hoa Nghiem rIt rd Mot nhiing hoc thuyet quan trgng nhat ciia Phat giao, cd anh hudng Idn den suy nghT, hanh vi ciia ngudi xa hdi la thuylt Nhan - Qua Ndi dung Giao hoi Phat giao Viet Nam (1992), Kinh Trung A Hdm 461 VIET NAM HOC - KY YEU HOI THAO QUOC TE LAN THU TU chinh ciia hge thuyet la, tat ea nhiing vat thi vd tri, thye vat, ddng vat, loai ngudi, deu ehiu lac ddng trye tiep, thudng xuyen va vd tan ciia Luat Nhan - Qua Kiep chinh la Qua ciia kiep trude va la Nhan ciia kiep sau Neu gay Nhan xau tat phai nhan Qua xau Phat giao rat ehii trgng hau qua boat ddng cua ngudi mang lai Theo Phat giao, ngudi phai ty ehiu Iraeh nhiem trude hanh ddng cua minh Thuyet Nhan - Qua, Nghiep bao eiia Phal giao cdn ed mot sd dilm mang finh chat lam than bi nhu, quan niem eon ngudi hien tai la Nghiep bao cua ngudi qua khu Nhung xel ve mat luan ly dao due, thuyet Nhan - Qua de cao \ trd ciia ca nhan eon ngudi Ngudi gieo Nhan lanh se duge Qua tdi, ke gieo Nhan ac se duge Qua xau Song hdn thdn mdi ngudi, nd luc cd gang thi cd the cdi thien dirac Nghiep dc sang Nghiep thien Tda an de xu phat tdi, xau d day la Ida an cua luat Nhan - Qua va la tda an luong tam Chinh vi vay, nd cd lac dung rat Idn viec ren luyen dao due ciia mdi ea nhan Nhirng ndi dung ciia thuyet Nhan - Qua tren day cho thay, cd sy triing hgp giua tu tudng Phat vdi quan niem sdng ciia ngudi Viet, dd la : "d hiln gap lanh", "ae gia ac bao", "ddi cha an man ddi khat nude", "cha me hien lanh dh phiie cho con", "thien gia thien bao" Day ciing la Iriel ly, luan ly, dao due, ldi sdng d eon ngudi Viet Nam Nhung anh hudng ve tin ngudng, luan ly, dao due cua Phat giao ddi vdi ngudi Viet ndi rieng va ngudi Viet Nam ndi chung den van giu nguyen gia tri Con ngudi thdi dai xay dyng Chii nghTa xa hdi van can cd finh thuang yeu, Idng bao dung, sy lugng Dae biet, the gidi nay, ma cac cude chien tranh giiia cac sac toe va tdn giao dang dien ra, finh yeu thuang giOa ngudi vdi ngudi cang phai duge phal buy, day cao them mot bude mdi Tinh yeu ihucyng ddng loai chinh la ddng lye thiic day sy hy sinh quen minh cho ngucri khae, cho dan U)c va cho nhan loai; nd hudng ngudi den hanh vi thien, tranh xa cai ae Ngoai cac "gidi luat" Phat giao, dac biet la "ngu gidi" cd tac dung khuyen ran giiip tin dd cd duge cude sdng due do, lam dieu thien, tranh xa cai ac Nhiing tieu chuan dao due ciing cd tac dcjng den cac ea nhan, gia dinh va xa hoi Chii tmcrng bao ve cude sdng eiia ngudi va cac tao vat thien nhien ciia Phal giao ed sy lac ddng nhat dinh vdi ehii truong keu ggi bao ve mdi trudng sinh thai cua Nha nude ta hien Viec nhan manh "Gidi sat" cua nha Phat thdi gian gan day cung la gdp phan vao viec eanh tinh, nhae nhd nhan loai hay doan kel bao ve nen hoa binh chung, tdn trgng quyen duge sdng va quyen ty chii ciia mdi qude gia Nhu vay, ed the thay trai qua qua trinh lieh su lau dai tdn tai va phal Iricn d Viet Nam, Phat giao da duge bd sung, lam mdi bang nhieu gia tri van hda ciia dan 462 VAI TRQ CUA VAN H6A TON GIAO tdc Viet Nam Phat giao cQng da gdp phan ciing ed, tri va chuyen lai cac gia tri van hda Iruyen thdng Viet Nam Nhirng gia tri van hda tmyen thdng ay chinh la mot phan quan trgng nen lang van hda linh than Viet Nam, de dan tdc la lien hanh xay dyng mot nen van hda lien lien, dam da ban sac dan tdc thdi dai mdi va xay dung mot dat nude Viet Nam dan giau, nude manh, xa hdi dan chu, van minh Mue dich eiia nude ta hien la dao tao duge nhiing eon ngudi ed day du ea lai lan due Chii tich Hd Chi Minh da ndi: neu ehi ehii y den "cai tai" ma quen di "cai due" thi ehi la ke pha hoai Nguge lai, ed due ma khdng cd tai thi lam viec gi ciing khd Cho nen, edng viec dao tao ngudi tai gidi phai gan lien vdi viec giao due luan ly dao due Vi the, theo tdi, khdng ed gi tdi ban la bao tdn, phal buy cac gia tri luan ly, dao due Iruyen thdng Trong dd, nhiing ddng gdp ciia Phat giao cho nen luan ly dao due eiia ngudi Viet ndi rieng, eiia dan tdc Viet Nam ndi chung, lich su va hien tai dang duge Iran trgng, ty hao va can phai gin giir Anh hudng ciia van hoa Cdng giao den van hoa tin nguong va luan ly dao diic nguoi Viet Cu dan ngudi Viet d ddng bang Bae Bd vdn tang sau cua nd ed chua dyng van hoa tin ngudng, tdn giao vdi tinh chii dao la tam giao (Nho giao, Phat giao, Dao giao) Cho den the ky XVI, tang van hoa Viet chua ehiu sy anh hudng ciia Cdng giao Tu the ky XVll, Cdng giao dan dan ben re vao van hoa ciia eu dan ngudi Viet Do nhieu nguyen nhan, thdi ky dau, boat ddng Iruyen giao vao Viet Nam het sue cham chap, sue lan tda khdng Idn va chi phat trien ehii yeu edng ddng cu dan ngheo ddi d vung ven bien, ven sdng Hon the, cac tin dd gia nhap dao lai khdng bat dau bang niem tin tdn giao ma tir nhu cau eiia cude sdng "Di dao lay gao ma an" Nguyen nhan chinh khdng chi thai phan ung eiia ngudi Viet ddi vdi sy ap dat van hda Cdng giao theo tinh than Vatican I, ma thye chat edn vi hai nen van hda, hai ldi sdng Ddng - Tay rat khae va rat xa la vdi ngudi Viet Nam Nhung cudi cung ngudi Viet, vdi nang lye thich nghi rieng biet eiia minh da va se xay dyng cho minh mot nen van hda dan tdc hien dai Sy hdi nhap trude het la d tam thue (hay tam linh) sdng dao ciia ngudi Cdng giao Viet Nam Tuy la nhirng tin dd thye thy, ed niem tin vao Thien Chiia Ba Ngdi, vao nhirng fin ly ciia Cdng giao; song hg, van ludn tiem an mot tam linh da than lir sau tham Hg quan niem Thanh Quan thay eiia lang - xu - hg dao nhu mot vi Thanh hoang lang, vdi chuc nang chd che, phii giiip cho edng ddng Vi vay, ky niem Thanh Quan thay duge td chuc nhu mot hdi lang vdi nhirng cude di kieu, rude xaeh Id bg, cd quat, y phuc va ea tau nhae, hanh van luu thiiy eiia cu dan ndng nghiep trdng liia nude, cau cho mua thuan, gid hda 463 VIET NAM HOC - KY YEU HOI THAO QUOC TE LAN THU TU Huong ude nhieu lang Cdng giao d ddng blng BIC Bd edn cho thIy, d nhung lang vIn tri tap tuc xudng ddng, tuc an com mdi Khdng it lang Cdng giao edn giu tuc eau mua, cau cho phong dang hda ede Sau mua gat, ndng dan cdn dang ndng san gao, dau, trai cay len chan tugng Chiia dl la on Mot sd vi Thanh khae duge ngudi dan tin dd chuc nghiep hoa "quan phdng" Ong Pherd lo viec chira dm dau, dich bach; 6ng Antdn lo viec euu giiip ngudi ngheo; Ong Maetin giiip viec bat trdm cudp, tim cua cai bi mil Irgm Om dau, ngheo ddi, trdm cudp la nhirng lai hoa ma ngudi dan - tin dd d cac king que thdi phong kien, thye dan ludn phai ehiu Khi nao xa hdi khdng euu giiip hg thi hg phai fim den cac vi Thanh Diem ndi bat nhat la viec tdn siing Due Maria Due Maria duge tdn sung theo lam thue thd Mau, mot loai hinh fin ngudng dan gian ed tu lau ddi va la hinh lluic tin ngudng dan gian sdm nhat, cd sue sdng nhat va tdn lai lau dai nhlt tin ngudng Iruyen thdng cua ngudi Viet Nhu tren da trinh bay, Phat giao budi dau Iruyen ba vao Viet Nam da sdm hc)i nhap vdi tin ngudng Mlu dh rdi hinh nen Phat Tu Phap: Van, Vii, Ldi, Dien Vl vay, khdng cd gl ngac nhien Due Maria duge ngudi dan, tin ton siing theo lam thue thd Mau Giao dan ggi Due Me Maria la Mau, Thanh MIU NhCrng liic gap khd khan gian khd, hoan nan, cac giao sT ciing nhu tin den cau xin Due Me Maria che chd, euu khd Trong quan niem etia tin dd Cdng giao, Chiia Giesu la ngudi cd nhieu quyen nang ban nhung lai khdng gan gGi nhu Due Me Maria Diic Me Maria ludn quan lam den cude sdng hang ciia fin dd Tin Cdng giao fim den Due Me Maria de xin duge ban on nhiing thu bet sue binh di cude sdng hang nhu: sue khde, no dii, budn ban dat hang, binh an, di lai an loan Due Me Maria edn duge tin Cdng giao tdn thd la hien than cua sy sinh sdi nd "Nhung ngudi mudn man ve dudng eon cai fim den Due Me Maria - Me - clu xin cho duge sinh de cai"' Nhu vay, tam thue cua giao dan Viet Nam, Due Maria va eac Thanh da khdng edn giu nguyen vai trd theo nhu quan niem tin ly eiia Giao hdi Cdng giao (Due Maria va cac Thanh chi duge tdn kinh, khdng duge ban on cho tin dd Ba va cae Thanh thdng edng ehi ddng vai trd trung gian "cau bau ma xin an Due Chiia Trdi" cho tin huu) Vdi tin ngudng thd ciing td lien, lir budi dau du nhap, Cdng giao da vap phai sy phan khang eiia van hda, tin ngudng ban dia Mot thdi gian dai trude Cdng Nguyen Hong Duong (2001), Nghi le vd loi sdng Cdng giao van hoa Viet Nam, N Khoa hoc xa hoi, Ha Noi, tr 314 464 VAI TRQ CUA VAN H6A TON GIAO ddng Vatican II, nghi le Cdng giao xung dot vdi fin ngudng thd eiing Id lien eiia nguc/i Viet Trude sy "phan ung" dd, den Cdng ddng Vatican II (1962-1965), luc thd Cling Id lien eiia ngudi Viet da duge Tda Thanh Rdma huge phai edng nhan Theo tinh than cua Cdng ddng thu XXI, 14-1-1974, cac Giam mue Viet Nam thdng bao, quy dinh cho ngudi Cdng gldo Viet Nam duac td chirc vd tham du ede nghi le tdn kinh ong bd td tlen theo phong tuc Viet Nam Ban thdng bao gdm dieiTi: "Quy dinh cho giao dan duge dat ban thd td lien nhung phai thap hon ban thd Chiia (dieu 1); duge ddi den, nhang, vai lay tmdc ban thd td lien (dieu 2); duge Cling gid gia dinh theo phong tuc td lien (dieu 3); ed dau, chii re duge lam le Id, Ic gia lien (dieu 4); lang le duge vai lay tmdc thi hai ngudi qua cd, duge lam mot sd nghi le ddi vdi ngudi qua ddi (dieu 5)" Ngudi Cdng giao qua ddi van duge tudng niem theo nghi thue Iruyen thdng cua ngudi Viet vdi tuc ciing ngay, 49 ngay, 100 ngay, gid dau (lieu tudng), gid bet (dai tudng), md ma van duge cham lo du rang van than hieu chet la ve vdi Chiia Cae hinh thue tudng niem cac ndi tren, da ed sy dan xen eiia nghi le Cdng giao Nguge lai, dgc kinh va cau nguyen, nghi le Cdng giao ciing ehiu anh hudng eiia tin ngudng thd ciing td lien Dd la viec dung huong phung vu, Cdng giao ciing danh ban thang 11 nam phung vu dl lam viec kinh nhd td lien Day duge ggi la thang cac linh hdn Ngudi Cdng giao thye hanh nghi le vdi td tien khdng chi la tdn kinh ma dd cdn la nghi le cua sy thd cung to fien truyin thdng eiia ngudi Viet Mot anh hudng khae cua van hda Cdng giao den van hda tmyen thdng ciia ngudi Viet phai ke den dd la le hdi Nd da tao nen sy phong phii kho tang van hda Viet Nam Ngudi Cdng giao khdng ggi nhirng le Idn dien d xu hg dao la le hdi, song tren thye te, mot sd le nhu le Thanh Quan thay d xu, le Chau lugt, le San ti la nhirng le cd quy md nhu mot le hdi Ngoai phan le, edn cd phan hdi nhu mdc kieu Cdng ddng, miia trdng ea rdng, mda hat dang hoa va dien kich Le hdi Cdng giao ciing ed tat ea cac yeu td: le, hdi, tin nguang, phong lye, cac td nghe thuat, vat pham dang ciing nhu cac le hdi dan gian khae nhung cQng cd nhirng net rieng biet Le hdi Cdng giao lay le ia edt ldi, vi vay thdi gian dien le hdi ngan (ciing ed ky tam nhat hay euu nhat nhung it xay ra) va le hdi Idn hay nhd liiy thudc vao quy md td chuc giao phan, giao tinh hay qude gia vdi sd lugng giao sT tham gia nhieu hay it Le hdi nao ed nhieu Giam mue, Hdng y dang le Nguyen Hong Duong (1999), "Bude dudng hoi nhap van hoa dan toe eiia Cong giao Viet Nam", Tap chi Nghien cim Tdn gldo, so va 2, tr 58 465 VIET NAM HOC - KY YEU HOI THAO QUOC TE LAN THlT T U thi giao dan nd nue di dy Vi du, ll hdi hi mac nam Thanh La Vang 15 thang nam 1999 duge coi la mot nhung le hdi Cdng giao Idn nhat d Viet Nam vi duge to chuc tren binh dien qude gia, vdi sy tham gia cua 16 Hdng y, Tdng Giam mue, Giam mue; 260 Linh mue va khoang 15 van giao dan Trong le hdi cdn cd vdn, mot hinh thue dien xudng dan ca ed tir lau ddi Trong Thang Hoa - Thang Nam - Thang Due Ba nhiing van hoa eo duge trinh dien bang nhirng ldi duge dat, nggi ca tam Idng ciia Due Maria Ciing vdi cae van hoa la eac lan dieu hat dan ca khae nhu trdng quan, ed la, hat xoan, hd mai nhi mai day hat phuong vai, hat vi dam , duge cai bien vdi nhiing ca tu mdi; tham ehi, hat ca tru, hat ndi ciing duge dung de trinh dien Ciing vdi hat la miia vdi nhirng vii dieu dan gian, xep hinh, keo ehir, la hinh thue dien xudng cua hdi lang Iruyen thdng (xip hinh md neo vdi y nghia Due Me la niem trdng dgi; hinh ngdi - Due Me la ngdi bien; keo ehii A, V, ehii dau cua Ave Maria - kinh mirng Due Maria ) Nhae dieu cho nhiing bai hat, gigng ngam, gigng dgc Mua Vgng, Mua Phuc sinh, Mua Giang sinh la bat am (dan, sao, nhi, trdng ), cung ngG am dugm hdn Viet Di theo kieu Thanh Quan thay, kieu Due Ba (Maria), ben eanh ban nhae Tay la ban nhae Nam vdi phudng bat am tmyen thdng, mua md, miia trae, miia trdng, miia senh lien am vang rdn ra; trdng, ken, hdi bat am, cd ngii sac; ehii lim di kheo, miia trdng di theo dam rude; dan dng mac ao the, khan xep; dan ba mac ao dai tu than, ndn la Ngudi Cdng giao duge thap huong, bay hoa qua tnrde di anh ngudi qua cd Tai nha thd, tin huu cdn viet ldi khan nguyen giay va ddt tmdc tugng anh Do vay, mot dam mdc cua ngudi Cdng giao khdng khae nhieu so vdi dam mdc hdi lang Cd the thay, sue manh cua nen van hda Viet Nam cd Ijch su phat trien lau ddi, nhieu ngi dung nghi le Cdng giao da duge chuyen hda cho phu hgp vdi nen van hda Viet Nam, nhat la tir sau Cdng ddng Vatican 11 Nha thd Cdng giao da treo ehudng Nam, nhirng le Idn da rude kieu bang nhiing cd kieu cua ngudi Viet Nam (kieu vang), nhirng nghi thue tudng niem le Phuc sinh ciing duge td ehiie theo nghi thue Viet Nam; mua hat dang hoa thang Nam, ldi ca duge cai bien tir dieu cheo, dieu dan ea ngudi Viet; cac vu dao duge lay tir vu dao dan gian Cdng giao mudn "loai bd" thd eiing td tien nhung ngudi Cdng giao van cd nhung hinh thue the hien Dao Hieu nhu xin le d ban thd, td chuc le cau nguyen cho dng ba Id lien va nhiing ngudi da khuat Dd chinh la sy hdi tu giira hai ddng chay van hda: van hda Cdng giao va van hda tmyen thdng ngudi Viet Nam Ben canh do, vdn hoa Cdng gldo cdn cd anh hudng den vdn hoa tin ngudng vd ludn ly dao due ngudi Viet Nam 466 VAI TRQ CUA VAN HQATON GIAO Chu tich Hd Chi Minh da ndi: "Tdn giao ciia ehiia Giesu cd uu diem la Idng bae cao ca" Chinh Idng bae dd da tao mot luan ly dao due sdng nhan ban Nhiing ngudi theo Cdng giao cd le sau giao thira, mgi ngudi keo nha thd "mung tudi Due Me", tieng ehao, chiie nam mdi xdn xao xdm ngd Sau dy le dau nam, mgi ngudi deu dang len ldi cau cho Td qude Viet Nam duge hda binh va thinh vugng, vi mdng Mot let la cau nguyen cho dat nude Sau le xong, eac giao dan xu vao ehiic tudi Cha xu Cha xu eiing vui ve chiic lai giao dan, mung tudi cac em nhd Sau dd, tat ea ciing Uy ban xa dy le ehao cd, thap huong, vieng md liet sT eiing nhan dan dia phuong Ngay mdng Hai, giao dan eau nguyen cho td lien, lang xdm, xu hg Trong nhan dip di chiic let, cac phu lao hay nhiing ngudi cd uy fin xu Ihucmg den cae gia dinh cd chuyen bat hda, luc due de dan xep Khdng it gia dinh "com chlng lanh, canh chang nggt" da lay lai duge hda yen vui giiia vg chdng, cha me va cai Hanh phiic eiia nhiing gia dinh da duge ban gan va hanh phiie cdn den ca vdi lang xdm eiia hg Ngay mdng Ba, theo lich Cdng giao la Thanh hda edng viec lam an Ngudi Cdng giao biet rang, lao ddng, lam an chan chinh la vat va, nhung hg hieu, chinh Chiia Giesu cGng phai lao ddng eye nhgc de kiem sdng, nudi ca cha va me Tam guong eiia Ngai dem lai nhan thue cho giao dan mong mudn cd viec lam chan chinh Do vay vao mdng Ba, cae gia dinh thudng tu tap eiing ben mam e(mi de riit kinh nghiem lam an nam qua va dinh hudng cho nam mdi; eiing hat bai "Clu xin Chiia Thanh Thin", dgc kinh "Xin chiia sang soi" dl xin Chiia hudng dan cho edng an viec lam nam tdi thuan Igi va lien trien Nhiing trinh bay tren day cho thIy, tinh thin "dao", "ddi", tmyin thdng va hien tai da cd sy hda nhap, gan bd Ba let cd tmyen la dip de ngudi Cdng giao thye hien nhiing viec lam mang "finh" dao ly, dao due Nhung dao ly tren ciia Cdng giao phu hgp vdi dao ly cua ngudi Viet Nam the hien qua phong tuc: "Mdng Mot let cha, mdng Hai let me, mdng Ba let thay" Ngoai ra, tit, nhilu gia dinh Cdng giao eiing dyng cay neu (tren cay neu cd hinh Thanh gia) tmdc ciia nha Ngudi Cdng giao khdng tin cd ma ta nhung hg tin ring, cung vdi viec dyng Thanh gia va vay nude phep vao dem Ba niuoi, gia dinh hg duge yen vui, tranh duge sy cam dd ciia ma quy Tren ban thd eac gia dinh vao nhiing let cdn thap den, thap huong, ddng thdi ciing vang len tieng kinh cau deu dan ea sang va tdi Tiiy thudc d mdi miln, mdi xu dao, mdi giao phan, ngudi Cdng giao deu cd nhCmg sinh boat let cd Iruyen khae nhau, nhung tat ea deu ddng gdp vao nen van hda dan tdc tao mot ban sac Viet Nam nhan van va tinh te 467 VIET NAM HOC - KY YEU HOI THAO QUOC TE LAN THlT TU Nhiing tu tudng ve Idng tmng hieu, ve mdi quan he giira cha me vdi cai ciia ngudi Cdng giao ciing duge ehi rd "Thap gidi" Dd la, mgi tin dcd phai thao kinh vdi cha me; ve phan cha me phai ed nghia vu giao due eon cai "cho din luat Chiia duge khae ghi tam hdn" Cha me phai sdng dh trd tIm guong tdi cho cai noi theo Day cung la net dep tuong ddng vdi van hda tinh than tmyen thdng Viet Nam: "Cong cha nhu nul Thai San, NghTa me nhu nude ngudn chay Mot long thd me kinh cha, Cho trdn chu hieu mdi Id dao con" Tu tudng ve eu xu quan he vg chdng, Kinh Thanh cGng ran da>': ngudi chdng la chu, mau myc eiia yeu thuang va trung thanh, ngudi vg phai ed nghia vu dap lai tinh cam dd Trong "Thap gidi" cung ed hai dieu ran ngan cam cae hanh vi tdi ldi quan he nam nu de bao ve hdn nhan: "khdng duge gian dam" (dilu ran 6); "khdng duge ham mudn vg (chdng) ciia ngudi khae" (dieu ran 9) Nhiing chuan myc ddi sdng hdn nhan cua Cdng giao ndi tren cho thay phu hgp vdi luat phap ciia Nha nude ta Luat Hdn nhan va Gia dinh nam 2000 ciia Viet Nam ghi rd: "Vg chdng chung thiiy, Ihucmg yeu, quy trgng, cham sdc, giiij) nhau, eiing xay dyng gia dinh no am, binh dang, lien bd, hanh phiie, ben vQ"ng" [Dieu 18, ehuong 3] "Vg chdng binh dang vdi nhau, ed nghia vu va quyira ngang ve mgi mat gia dinh" [dieu 19, ehuong 3] Nhirng quy dinh gdp phan viec xay dyng tu tudng mdi vl quan he hdn nhan lanh manh, ban che ran niit gia dinh tin dd, gdp phan dn dinh ddi sdng xa hdi giao dan Nhu vay, trai qua thdi gian, Cdng giao d Viet Nam dan dan tao duge mc)t he gia tri xa hdi, da anh hudng khdng nhd den van hda tin nguang eiia ngudi Viet d ddng bang Bae Bd Gia tri Idn nhat anh hudng den van hda tin ngudng ngudi Viet la tao nen nep sdng dao eiia ngudi Cdng giao Viet Nam, the hien qua nep sdng ca nhan, nep sdng gia dinh, nep sdng cdng ddng xir, hg dao Nep sdng dao ciia ngudi Cdng giao duge dya tren nen tang Phiie am va sy giao Ihoa ciia nep sdng Iruyen thdng dan tdc Phucmg chain sdng "kinh Chiia, yeu Ngudi" chinh la the hien ciia nep sdng Vdi tu each la yeu td eau he thdng cac gia trj tinh than ciia xa hdi, gia tri luan ly dao due la nhirng nguyen ly, dao ly, nhOng nguyen tac ling xu cua mot cdng ddng Qua qua trinh cung chung sdng, cung trai nghiem da duge edng ddng thira 468 VAI T R Q CUA VAN H Q A T O N GIAO nhan va dem van dung ddi sdng nham dieu chinh, danh gia hanh vi ea nhan va ciia ca edng ddng Neu xel tren binh dien nhu vay thi day chinh la nhiing luan ly dao diic ma Cdng giao da anh hudng den edng ddng ngudi Viet, gdp phan quang ba tieng ndi dao due theo nhan thue va bien phap lien hanh rieng ciia minh Van hda Cdng giao ndi chung, luan ly dao diic Cdng giao ndi rieng xel ve mat ban che mot ehirng myc nhat dinh nao dd (pham vi bai khdng de cap tdi), nhung nghien euu ve anh hudng ciia van hda Cdng giao den tin ngudng Iruyen thdng va luan ly dao due ngudi Viet ehiing ta khdng chi cam nhan duge nhiing ve dep ben ngoai ciia van hda phuong Tay hien dien Idng van hda phuong Ddng ma edn duge "dam minh" van hda phuong Tay nd tham than vao hdn dan toe mot dac linh ciia van hda mdi mang sac thai van hda rieng - van hda Cdng giao Viet Nam Tom lai: van hda tdn giao ndi chung va van hda Phat giao, Cdng giao ndi rieng, ed tac ddng het sue to Idn den ddi sdng tinh than Viet Nam Tu tudng khoan dung, hda binh, khuyen thien, ngira ae eiia Phat giao cung tu tudng bae eiia Cdng giao da ed tac dung thue finh luong tri eon ngudi, dieu chinh hanh vi ciia cac ea nhan va edng ddng de xay dyng mot cude sdng tdi dep hon Tren eo sd dd, ngudi se duge sdng mdi trudng hda binh, nhan ai, khdng ed chien tranh hiiy diet, khiing bd qude te va xung dot tdn giao Tir nhiing nghien euu tren, cung cd the khang dinh rang, nhung anh hudng ddi sdng van hda tinh than, khdng ed anh hudng nao manh hon ton giao va eiing khdng cd sy "quyen hi" nao bang sy "quyen ru" ciia tdn giao, mot nd da di vao Idng ngudi Tdn giao, ed mot sd mat ban che nhat dinh (bai viet khdng de cap tdi), nhung xel ve mat ban chat, tdn giao chinh la van hda, la mot nhirng ngudn gde ciia van hda Va nhu vay, sy du nhap eiia Phat giao hay Cdng giao vao Viet Nam chinh la sy du nhap van hda tu ben ngoai vao, hda quyen vdi van hda truyin thdng de tao mot ludng van hda mdi lien tien nhung dam da ban sac dan tdc Viet Nam Tai lieu tham khao Dao Duy Anh (2002), Viet Nam vdn hod sir cuang, Nxb.Van hoa thong fin Ha Ngi Toan Anh (1996), Phong tuc thd ciing td tien gia dinh Viet Nam, Nxb Van hoa thong tin Ha Ngi Ban Tu tudng - Van hoa Tmng uang (2002), Vdn de ve tdn gido vd chinh sdch tdn gldo ciia Ddng Cdng Sdn Viet Nam, Nxb Chinh tri qude gia Ha Ngi Bg Gido lugt (1983), Nxb.Tdn giao, Ha Noi Giuse Maria Trinh Van Can (1985), Kinh Thdnh Tdn Ude, Toa Tdng Giam mue, Ha Ngi 469 VIET NAM HQC - KY YEU HOI THAO QUOC TE LAN THlT TU Linh mue Thien Cam (1987), Ddc tin vd vdn hod, Uy ban Doan kit Cong giao Viet Nam, TP.H6 Chi Minh Nguyin Hue Chi (1998), "Ve hien tugng dung hgp van hoa Viet Nam" Tap ehi Xua & Nay, so 57 Leopold Cadiere (1997), Ve vdn hod vd tin ngudng truyen thong ngudi Viet, Nxb.Van hoa thong tin Ha Ngi Nguyen Hong Duong (1993), "Hoi nhap van hoa tniyin thong Viet Nam lich su", Tap ehi Nghien cim Ddng Nam A, Sd 1, thang 10 10 Nguyen Hong Duong (1999), "Bude dudng hoi nhap van hoa dan toe cua Cong giao Viet Nam", Tap chi Nghien euu Tdn gido, sd va sd 11 Nguyen Hdng Duong (2001), Nghi li vd ldi sdng Cdng gido van hod Viet Nam, Nxb Khoa hge xa hoi, Ha Ngi 12 Nguyen Hdng Ducmg (2004), Ton gido mdi quan he vdn hod vd phdi irien van hod a Viet Nam, Nxb Khoa hge xa hoi, Ha Noi 13 Dang Cong san Viet Nam (1991), Vdn kien Dgi hoi dgi bleu toan qude lan thir VU, Nxb Sy that Ha Ngi 14 Dang Cong san Viet Nam (1996), Vdn kien Dgi hoi dgi biiu todn qude Idn thir VUI, Nxb Chinh tri qude gia, Ha Ngi 15 Dang Cong san Viet Nam (2003), Vdn kien Dgi hdi dgi bieu todn qude lan thirX, Nxb Chinh tri qude gia Ha Ngi 16 Giao hoi Phat giao Viet Nam (1990), Thien uyen tap anh, Nxb.Van hoc, Ha Noi 17 Giao hoi Phat giao Viet Nam (1992), Kinh Trung A Hdm, Vien Nghien euu Phat hoc In hanh, Ha Ngi 18 Giao hoi Phat giao Viet Nam (1996), Kinh Phdp Cu, Thanh hdi Phat giao TP.Hd Chi Minh xuat ban 19 Giao hoi Phat giao Viet Nam (1992), Kinh Dia Tang, Vien Nghien eiiu Phat hoc In hanh, Ha Noi 20 Giao hoi Cdng giao (1992), Gido lugt gidi thich vd dp dung (quyen 4), Nhiem vu hoa ciia Giao hoi Rdma 21 Tran Van Giau (1980), Gid tri tinh thdn truyen thdng ciia dan tdc Viet Nam, Nxb Khoa hoc xa hoi Ha Ngi 22 Ch Haichelin (1965), Les origines de la religion, Paris, France 23 Hd Trgng Hoai (1995), Vai trd xd hdi cua tdn gido a Viet Nam hien - Mot sd vdn de ly ludn vd thue tien, Tap san ciia Dai hoc Tdng hgp Ha Ndi 24.Dd Quang Hung (1991), Mot sd vdn de lich sir Thien Chiia gido a Viet Nam, lap san ciia Dai hge Tdng hgp, Fla Ngi 25 Nguyen Lang (2000), Viet Nam Phat gido su ludn, tap, Nxb.Van hge Ha Ngi 26 Tda Tdng Giam mue TP Hd Chi Minh (1998), Kinh Thdnh trgn bg Cuu Ude vd Tdn Ude, Nxb TP Hd Chi Minh 27 Tda Tdng Giam mue TP Hd Chi Minh (2002), Kinh nghiem hdi nhap vdn hda nep sdng Ki td gido tai Viet Nam, Tai lieu luu hanh ngi bd 28 Le Manh That (1999), Nghien ciru ve Thien uyen tap anh, Nxb TP Hd Chi Minh 470 VAI TRQ CUA VAN H Q A T O N GIAO 29 30 31 32 Le Manh That (1999), Lich su Phdi gido Viet Nam, tap 1, Nxb Thuan Hoa, Hul Le Manh That (2001), Lich sir Phat gido Viet Nam, tap 2, Nxb TP Ho Chi Minh Le Manh That (2002), Lich su Phat gido Viet Nam, tap 3, Nxb TP Ho Chi Minh Ngo Due Thinh (chu bien, 2001), Tin ngudng vd vdn hod tin ngudng d Viet Nam, Nxb Khoa hge xa hdi, Ha Ngi 33 Tnin Ngge Them (1999), Casdvdn hda Viet Nam, Nxb Giao due, TP Hd Chi Minh 34 Nguyen Khae Thuan (2006), Tien trinh vdn hda Viet Nam tit khai thiiy den the ky XIX, Nxb Giao due 35 Dang Nghiem Van (2005), Ly ludn ve tdn gido vd tinh hinh tdn gido a Viet Nam, Nxb Chinh tri qude gia, Ha Ndi 36 Van phdng Tdng thu ky Hdi ddng Giam mue Viet Nam (2004), Gido hdi Cdng gido Viet Nam, Nien gidm 2004, Nxb Tdn giao Ha Ndi 37 Iran Qude Vugng (1989), "Tdn giao va van hoa", Bao Ngudi Cdng gido Viet Nam, sd Xuan Ky Ty 38 Tran Qude Vugng chu bien (2008), Ca sd vdn hda Viet Nam, Nxb.Giao due Ha Ngi 471 ... Hien nay, tin ngudng Phat giao edn anh hudng din mot sd gia dinh Ngudi dan mdc Phat vl thd tai nha bing anh Phat, tugng Phat, tugng cac ngai Bd Tat Quan Am Nhieu bai van khan, van cau cudi nam, ... Giao hoi Phat giao Viet Nam (1992), Kinh Trung A Hdm 461 VIET NAM HOC - KY YEU HOI THAO QUOC TE LAN THU TU chinh ciia hge thuyet la, tat ea nhiing vat thi vd tri, thye vat, ddng vat, loai ngudi,... Phat giao Viet Nam (1990), Thien uyen tap anh, Nxb.Van hoc, Ha Noi 17 Giao hoi Phat giao Viet Nam (1992), Kinh Trung A Hdm, Vien Nghien euu Phat hoc In hanh, Ha Ngi 18 Giao hoi Phat giao Viet Nam