Bồi dưỡng học sinh giỏi môn sử ( phần 2 )

TUYỂN TẬP ĐỀ THI TÀI LIỆU ÔN THI MÔN LỊCH SỬ iiong trao each mang 1936 - 1939 la cupc dien tap Ian thu hai chuan bj cho each m a n g de pha hoai each mang, lua bjt quan chving, chia re hang n g u con, each mang thang T a m 1945 nhan va M a t tran dan tpc t h o n g nhat, pha hoai n h i i n g to ehuc va hogt dorij jsjeii n h u p h o n g trao each m a n g 1930 -1931 da tao n h i i n g n h a n to'ca ban cua D a n g C p n g san C h i i n g d u a khau l ^ n h k h o n g p h u h o p , dan p h o n g tra,, ^am bao cho t h i n g I p i Cach mang thang Tam t h i p h o n g trao 1936 - 1939 lai den that bai C h u n g ho hao "lam each m a n g v san" de d o i lap v o l chu truorip tiep boi bo va phat trien n h u n g nhan to d o len m p t b u o c m o i cao h o n "chohg phat xit chong chien tranh", lap "Doan nien cong san" thay cho T h o n g qua p h o n g trao D a n g da d u p e t r u o n g t h e m ve t u t u o n g "Doan nien dan c h i i " , lap " H g i cuu te" thay cho " H o i Cuxi te'binh dan" v.v to chuc N e n tang t u t u o n g ciia D a n g la chii nghia Mae - L e n i n cang D a n g Cpng san D o n g D u o n g da dau tranh kien quye't v o i bpn toro'tkit Cupc cang them tham nhuan t r o n g t u t u o n g , hanh d p n g ciia cac dang v i e n cpng san dau tranh d o da g i u p q u a n c h i i n g nhan ro bp mat that cua b p n tarotkit, kip thoj Sn sau, toa r p n g t r o n g cac tang lop nhan dan D a n g da xay d u n g va phat ngan chan am m u u pha hoai cua chung tri^'n dupe m p t d p i n g u can bp c6 nang luc va giau k i n h n g h i e m , d o n g t h o i K e t qua va y n g h i a va b a i hpc k i n h n g h i ^ m cua p h o n g trao phat trien them cae to chuc eo so, tang c u o n g m o l day lien he v o i q u a n c h i i n g * Kei qua: Qua phong trao, nghe thuat chi dao chien lupc each m a n g ciia D a n g , t r i n h d p Cupc van d p n g dan chu 1936 -1939 la m p t p h o n g trao quan c h u n g r p n g Ion, giae ngp ciia dang v i e n va u y t i n ciia Dang nang len m p t buoc ro ret CO to chuc, d u a i s u lanh dao cua D a n g Cpng san D o n g D u o n g Bang sue m a n h doan ket cua quan chung, da bupc c h i n h q u y e n ciia thuc dan phai n h u o n g bp m p t so'yeu sach cu the, truoc mat ve dan sinh, d a n chii Qua p h o n g trao, q u a n c h i i n g dupe giae m p t ve c h i n h t r j , da t h a m gia MSt tran dan tpc t h o n g nhat, t r o luc l u p n g chinh trj h u n g hau cua each mang; can bp d u p e tap h o p d p i n g u d o n g dao va t r u o n g t h a n h * Y nghia: Cupc van d p n g dan chu 1936 - 1939 la m p t p h o n g trao q u a n c h i i n g r p n g Ion, CO to chuc, d u a i s u lanh dao ciia D a n g Cpng san D o n g D u o n g Bang sue m a n h doan ket ciia quan c h i i n g , da bupc c h i n h q u y e n ciia thuc dan p h a i n h u o n g bp m p t so'yeu sach cu the, truoc mat ve d a n sinh, dan chii Qua p h o n g trao, quan c h i i n g dupe giae m p t ve c h i n h t r j , da t h a m gia Mat tran dan tpc t h o n g nhat, t r o luc l u p n g chinh trj h u n g hau ciia each mang can bp d u o c tap h o p d p i n g i i d o n g dao va t r u o n g C u n g v o i s u t r u o n g ciia Dang, luc l u p n g each m a n g c u n g Ion m a n h khong n g u n g Qua t h u c tien dau tranh D a n g da xay d u n g m p t d p i quan chinh trj hiing hau g o m hang trieu n g u o i a ca t h j va n o n g t h o n , tap h p p mpt mat tran dan tpc thong nhat r p n g rai C u n g qua dau tranh ma quan c h i i n g each m a n g d u p e toi l u y ^ n va t h u thach day dan Phong trao each m a n g 1936 -1939 de lai nhieu bai hpe k i n h n g h i f m q u y gia cho giai doan each m a n g sau D o la bai hpe ve to chuc, tap h o p quan c h i i n g dau tranh; Bai hpe ve su d u n g hinh thuc va p h u o n g phap dau tranh phong p h i i Phong trao each m a n g 1936 -1939 da chuan bj nhiiTig dieu kien can thie't de dua D a n g va quan c h i i n g each mang buoc vao t h o i k i dau tranh true tiep gianh chinh q u y e n V i vay, day la cupc dien tap Ian t h u hai chuan bj cho Cach m a n g thang T a m 1945 D|c diem ve h i n h thuc dau tranh, nhi^m vy chinh tri, h i n h thuc to chuc quan chiing, mat tran thai k i 1936 * Bai hoc kinh nghiem: T r o n g qua t r i n h dau tranh, D a n g Cpng san D o n g D u o n g tich l i i y dupe n h i e u bai hpe k i n h n g h i e m : Ve h i n h t h i i c dau tranh: Dau tranh cong khai, h p p phap, ban cong khai, ban '^Vp phap, bat h p p phap va b i mat Day la thoi k i s u d u n g h i n h thiie dau tranh phong p h i i nhat C h i i ye'u la dau tranh chinh t r j Bai hpe ve xay d u n g M a t tran thong nhat Bai hpe ve to chuc, lanh dao quan c h i i n g dau tranh cong khai, h p p phap Ve n h i ^ m v u chinh t r j : C h o n g bpn phan d p n g thupe dja va tay sai d o i cac luyen ty do, dan chu, c o m ao, hoa b i n h Bai hpe ve dau tranh t u t u o n g npi bp Dang va v o i dang p h a i c h i n h trj phan dpng D o n g t h o i D a n g thay d u p e n h i r n g han che ciia m i n h t r o n g cong tac mat tran, van de dan tpc Co the n o i , p h o n g trao dan chii 1936 - 1939 n h u cupc d i e n tap, chuan b| cho cupc Tong k h o i nghia thang Tam sau -1939 Ve hinh thuc to chuc quan chiing: Tap hpp quan chiing M a t tran, da loi ^ lye l u p n g chinh trj ciia quan chiing hang trieu n g u o i d u n g ve phia each mang I Ve cong tac M a t tran: T r u o c tien lap M a t tran nhan dan thong nhat d e ' D o n g D u o n g den - 1938 d o i M a t tran dan chii D o n g D u o n g p h u h p p v o i mue tieu d a u tranh So sanh t h a i k i each mging n a m 1930 - 1931 v a i t h a i k i n a m 1936 - 1939 1930 Npi dung 1936 phai -1939 la t h y c N m 1937, c6 400 cupc bai cong ciia cong nhan Tieu bieu la cupc dau tranh ciia cong nhan xe l u a N a m D o n g D u o n g - - 1937 va m o than V a n g va bpn Khong p h o n g kien tay sal ciia Phap n o i c h u n g m a la bpj^ De Ke t h u -1931 quoc Phap da^ phan d p n g thupc dja va tay Phap Hinh thiic phuong va phap N a m 1938, c6 131 cupc bai cong ciia cong nhan T u y so l u p n g cupc dau C h o n g de quoc Phap de C h o n g phat xit, chong chie'ji gianh tpc, tranh, chong b p n p h a n dprig de va tay sai ciia c h i i n g de doj g i a n h r u p n g dat cho d a n t u do, dan c h u , c o m ao, hoa cay binh te Lao d p n g , n h i e u cupc to chiic m i t t i n h dupe cong khai H a N p i , Sai G o n va C h i lap H p i phan M a t t r a n t h o n g nhat nhan n h i e u n o i khac, da t h u h i i t d o n g dao quan c h i i n g t h a m gia de n h i m g chua hoat dpng dan phan de D o n g Duong, N a m 1939, p h o n g trao d a u tranh t r o n g thang d a u n a m b i g i a m siit Tir sau d o i M a t tr$n Dan thang p h o n g trao len dan va dat t o i d i n h cao vao thang Phong trao tap chii D o n g D u o n g t r u n g n h u n g t r u n g t a m cong n g h i ^ p I o n n h u H a N p i , H a i Phong, Sai Gon, Bi mat, bat h p p phap, bao H p p phap, cong khai, ban Chp Lon d p n g vu trang cong k h a i The hi$n vai tro lanh dao Tap ciia D a n g Thuc hi?n lien l u p n g c h i n h t r j ciia m i n h cong nong c h i i n g d o n g dao Su dyng dpc lap dan chong M a t tran phong kien t r a n h g i a m so v o i n a m truoc, n h u n g chat l u p n g cao h o n bieu h i f n t r i n h d p dja p h u o n g * Sit dung hinh thiec dau tranh phong phu: L p i d y n g kha nMng dau t r a n h cong khai, h p p phap, ban cong k h a i , ban h p p hpp dupe mpt luc phap nen p h o n g trao d a n chii 1936 - 1939 s i i d y n g nhieu h i n h t h i i c dau tranh quan phong phii: V a n d p n g , to chiic quan c h i i n g h p i hpp, thao ban " d a n n g u y ^ n " g u i den n h i e u h i n h t h i i c d a u tranh p h a i doan ciia Phap sang d i e u tra t i n h h i n h D o n g D u o n g La cupc dien tap dau tien phong phii cho La cupc dien tap Ian t h u hai M i t t i n h , bieu t i n h d o i cac q u y e n dan sinh, dan c h i i cho Cach m a n g thang Tarn D a u t r a n h tren l l n h v y c n g h i t r u o n g , ITnh v u c bao chi Cach mang Tarn n a m 1945 N h ^ n xet giac ngp ciia quan c h i i n g , k h a u h i ^ u dau tranh, s u lien ket d a u t r a n h g i i i a cac Dgc bi?t la cupc dau tranh - - 1938 Lan dau tien, t r o n g Quoc dau t r a n h Ket qua dat d u p e tuc Tieu t h u o n g H a N p i , H a i Phong, cac p h o va t h j xa khac bai t h j , d o i g i a m thue'chp, thue hang sai cua c h i i n g Nhi?m vy D a n h 28 - - 1937 15 cupc dau tranh ciia n o n g dan d o i g i a m to, g i a m thang Bai cong, bai t h j , bai khoa ciia cong nhan va cac tang l o p lao d p n g khac So v o i t h o i k i 1930 - 1931, chii t r u o n g sach lupc, chie'n I I I P H O N G T R A O G I A I P H O N G D A N T Q C 1939 l u p c va h i n h t h i i c dau tranh t r o n g t h o i k i 1936 - 1939 c6 -1945 11 T i n h h i n h c h i n h trj, k i n h te - xa h p i nude ta t r o n g n h u n g n a m 1939 -1945 net khac Dac bi?t la s u lap M a t t r ^ n nhan a Tinh hinh chinh trj: d a n de doan ket cac l y c l u p n g dan c h i i , chong Phap doi N g a y - - 1939, Chien tranh the g i o i t h i i hai b u n g no N g a y - -1939, cac q u y e n t y do, dan chii, c o m ao, hoa b i n h Phap va A n h t u y e n chien v o i D i i c Sau k h i t h a m chien, C h i n h p h i i Phap t h y c Phong trao dan chu 1936 - 1939 thu hut dupe dupe dong dko c i c tang W hi^n c h i n h sach t h i i d j c h d o i v o i cac l y c l u p n g tien bp t r o n g n u o c va p h o n g nhan dan tham gia va s u d y n g hinh thue dau tranh phong p h u trao each m a n g cac thupc dja * Phong trao thu hut dugc dong dao cac tang lap nhan dan: i Sau thang cuol n a m 1936, c6 361 cupc dau tranh, t r o n g d o c6 236 cupc t r a n h ciia cong n h a n Tieu bieu la cupc bai cong - 1 H o n Gai, C a m Pha, M o n g D u o n g d o i tang l u o n g 25% ciia cong n h ^ T h a n g - 1940, Phap d a u hang Due D o n g D u o n g , c h i n h q u y e n m o i ciia Phap t h y c hi?n m p t logt c h i n h sach v o vet sue n g u o i , sue ciia eiia V i ^ t N a m doc vao cupc chien t r a n h C u o l thang - 1940, quan N h a t v u p t bien g i o i Vi?t - T r u n g vao m i e n B^c Vi?t Nam Q u a n Phap n h a n h chong dau hang Phat x i t N h a t g i i i n g u y e n bp 62 63 Oin chii v u n va n h o b j thiet hai va b j pha san v i chien t r a n h , phai npp may t h o n g t r j ciia thuc dan Phap, d u n g no d e b o c Ipt k i n h t e p h u c v u cho n h u cau chien t r a n h va dan ap p h o n g trao each mang Viet N a m bj dat d u a i ach thoc ta, chju thuc cao l^hfmg him chuyen ciia tinh hinh thegidi va nude dat cho Dang ta phai t h o n g trj ciia N h a t - Phap Viet N a m liic k h o n g chi c6 n h i r n g dang phai than Phap ma ca n h u n g dang phai than N h a t , n h u D a i Viet, Phuc Quoc Thang - , Due tan cong Lien X6 Cuoc chien dau ciia nhan dan Lien X6 nam bat kjp thai tmh hinh c6 ddnh gia chinh xac, dera duang lot dau tranh phii hap N h u n g c h u y e n b i e n cua tinh h i n h the g i o i t r o n g n h i i t i g n a m d a u cuQC Chien t r a n h the g i o i t h u h a i H g i n g h j T r u n g u o n g D a n g t h a n g 11 -1939 a Nhihtg chuyen bien cua tinh hinh the giai cuoc chien tranh v$ quoc da c6 v u manh me phong trao each mang Vi?t N a m N g a y - - 1939, Chien tranh the g i o i t h u hai b i i n g no N g a y - - 1939, b Tinh hinh chinh tri, kinh te- xa hoi: * Kinh te: phap tuyen chien v o i Due Sau k h i t h a m chien, C h i n h p h i i Phap thi^c h i f n T h y c d a n Phap t h i hanh c h i n h sach " K i n h te chi h u y " C h i i n g tang m u c thue chinh sach thu d i c h d o i v o i cac luc l u p n g tien bp t r o n g n u o c va p h o n g trao cia, dat them m u c thue m o i d o n g t h o i lam sa thai b o t cong nhan, vien chue, each m a n g a cac thupe dja giam tien l u o n g , tang g i o lam C h u n g k i e m soat gat gao san xuat va phan pho'i, an d j n h gia ca K h i N h a t va D o n g D u o n g , Phap buoc phai de cho N h a t s u d u n g p h u o n g Thang - 1940, Phap d a u hang Due D o n g D u o n g , c h i n h q u y e n m a i ciia Phap t h y c hien m o t loat c h i n h sach v a vet sue n g u a i , sue eiia ciia V i ^ t N a m doc vao ciipe chien tranh t i ^ n giao t h o n g k i e m soat he thong d u a n g sk va cac tau bien N h a t bat c h i n h quyen thuc d a n Phap hMng n a m nop cho c h i i n g khoan tien Ion Q u a n N h a t eon c u a p r u p n g dat ciia n o n g dan, bMt n o n g dan n h o lua, ngo de Thang - 1941, D u e tan cong Lien X6 Cuoc chien dau ciia nhan dan L i e n X6 eupc chien t r a n h v? quoc da eo via m a n h me p h o n g trao each m a n g Vi^t N a m N h t i n g bien chuyen d o ciia t i n h h i n h the g i o i va t r o n g n u o c dat cho Dang t r o n g day, thau dau phuc v u cho n h u cau chien tranh N h a t yeu cau c h i n h q u y e n thuc dan Phap xua't cang cac n g u y e n lieu, chien luge sang N h a t v o i gia re so v o i gia ciia t h i t r u o n g t h e g i d i n h u than, sat, cao ta phai n a m b i t k i p t h a i t i n h h i n h c6 danh gia chinh xac, de d u o n g 161 dau tranh phix h o p b Hoi nghi Trung uang Dang thang 11 su, xi m a n g v.v -1939 M o t so cong ti ciia N h a t dau t u vao n h i i n g nganh p h u c v u cho n h u cau Thnng 11 -1939, H p i n g h i Ban Chap hanh T r u n g u a n g D a n g trieu tap tai Ba quan s u n h u khai thac manggan, sat Thai N g u y e n , p h o t phat Lao Cai, c r o m Diem (Hoe M o n - Gia D j n h ) Tong b i t h u N g u y e n V a n C u c h i i t r i Sau k h i T h a n h Hoa phan tich t i n h chat eiia eupc Chien tranh the g i o i t h u hai, n h a n *Xahgi: hinh the g i a i va D o n g D u o n g , H p i n g h i xac d i n h m u c tieu chien lupc t r u d c Chinh sach v o vet boc lot ciia Phap - Nhat da day nhan dan ta toi cho ciing cue mat ciia each m a n g D o n g D u o n g la danh de quoc va tay sai, giai p h o n g cac H a u qua la cuoi nam 1944 den nam 1945 eo toi tri^u dong bao ta ehet d o i Tat ca cac giai cap, tang l o p xa h o i n u o c ta, t r u bpn tay sai de quoc, dai dja chu t u san mai ban, deu bi anh h u o n g boi chinh sach boc lot ciia Phap - N h a t C o n g nhan bj boc Ipt nang nem phai l a m viec t u 10 den 12 gio/ngay, tien l u a n g g i a m , gia ca sinh hoat dat N o n g dan phai chju suu cao, thue nang, phai d i l i n h , d i p h u , b i euong buc nho Ilia t r o n g day, thau d a u Tieu t u san t r i thuc, vien chue m a t vi^e lam hoac bj giam l u o n g ; tieu t h u o n g ban e'hang, nhieu tieu chii phai n g u n g san xuat T u san dan tpc vira bj chinh sach " K i n h t e c h i h u y " l a m cho pha san, vita hi thi?t hai ve sue m u a eiia nhan dan giam siit 64 d i n h ve t i n h dm L tpc D o n g D u o n g , l a m cho D o n g D u o n g hoan toan dpe lap H p i n g h j c h i i t r u o n g tarn gac khau h i ^ u each m a n g r u p n g dat va de k h a u hi^u tjeh t h u r u p n g dat ciia d e q u o e va dja chii phan bpi q u y e n I p i ciia dan tpc, chong to cao, lai nang K h a u hi#u lap chinh quyen X6 viet cong, nong, b i n h ,i4upc thay the bSng k h a u hi?u lap c h i n h quyen dan chii epng hoa li' Ve p h u o n g p h a p each mang, chuyen t u dau tranh d o i dan sinh, dan chii sang dau t r a n h d a n h c h i n h q u y e n ciia de quoc va tay sai; t u hoat d p n g h p p phap, nua h p p phap sang ho?t d p n g b i mat, bat h p p phap , j, ; D a n g chii c h u a n g t h a n h lap M a t tran t h o n g nhat d a n tpc phan de D o n g D u o n g thay cho M a t t r a n d a n chii D o n g D u o n g Nghi quyet Hoi nghi Trung uang Dang Ian thdng 11 — 1939 "ddnh dau buac chuyen huang quan trgng vechi dqo chien luge", thehien su nhqy ben vechinh tri vd nang luc sang tqo cua Dang Van de nhi?m v\ va Ivrc lug^ng each mang duqrc giai quyet Cuong Ilnh chinh t r i dau tien ciia Dang, Luan cuoiig chinh t r i thang 10 - 1930 va H p i nghj Trung uo«g Dang thang 11 -1939 * Van denhi^m vu each mang: - Trong Cuang Itnh chinh tri dau tien cua Dang: Nguyen A i Quoc chii trucmg dat nhi^m vy giai phong dan toe len tren nhi?m vy giai phong giai cap Cuong llnh neu ro: Nhi?m vu ciia each mang Vi?t Nam la danh de quoc Phap, bpn phong kien va phan each mang lam cho nuoc Vi?t Nam dpc lap, tu - Trong Hpi nghi Trung uang Dang thdng 11 - 1939: Xac dinh luc lupng each mang la toan the dan tpc Vi^t Nam Hpi nghj chii truong lap M|it tran thong nhat dan tpc Phan de Dong Duong de tap hpp mpi lupng ciia dan tpc vao nhi^m vu chii yeu la chong chien tranh de quoc va ach thong tri phat xit thupe dia r N h u vay, ve luc lupng each mang, so voi Cuang llnh chinh tri dau tien ciia Dang va chii truong ciia Hpi nghj Trung uang thang 11 - 1939, thi Luan cuong cung mSc sai lam la: danh gia khong diing kha nang each mang ciia tang \cfp tieu t u san, kha nang chong dequoc va phong kien miic dp nhat dinh ciia giai cap t u san dan tpc, kha nang loi keo mot bp phan trung, tieu dja chii tham gia mat tran dan tpc thong nhat chong dequoc va tay sai Nguyen nhan, dien bien, nguyen nhan that bai, y nghia lich su ciia K h o i nghia Bhc Son, K h o i nghia Nam K i va Binh bien Do Luong - Trong Luan cuang chinh tri thdng 10 -1930: * Cuoc khai nghia Bac San (27-9- Xac djnh nhi^m vy danh phong kien truoc danh de quoc sau Luan cucmg -Nguyen nhan: neu ro: Nhi^m vy ciia each mang la danh phong kien va danh de quoc, hai nhi?m vy c6 quan h$ voi - Trong Hoi nghi Trung ucmg Dang thdng 11- 1939: Truoc nhirng bien doi ciia tinh hinh the' gioi va nuoc, nhat la Chien tranh the giai Ian thii hai bung no, thuc dan Phap tang cuang dan ap, boc Ipt nhan dan Dong Duong, roi sau do, Nhat nhay vao Dong Duong cau ket voi Phap dan ap, boc Ipt nhan dan ta Tmh hinh Dang ta trif u tap Hpi nghj thang 11 - 1939, chii truong giuong cao ngpn ca giai phong dan tpc, d|t rthi^m vy giai phong dan tpc len hang dau va cap thie't 1940) Ngay 22 - - 1940, quan Nhat vupt qua bien gioi Vi^t - Trung, danh chiem Lang Son, nem bom Hai Phong, bp len Do San Lang Son, quan Phap bj ton that nang ne So Ion quan Phap dau hang, so l^i riit chay ve Thai Nguyen qua duong Bae San - Dien bien: Dem 27 - - 1940, nhan dan Bae Son duoi sy lanh dao ciia Dang bp dja phuong da noi day danh quan Phap, chiem don Mo Nhai Ngyy quyen Bac Son tan Nhan dan lam chii chau Ij va cac viing Ian can Dpi du kich BMc Son dupe lap Tuy Phap va Nhat mau thuan vai nhau, nhung deu hoang sp truoc lyc N h u v^y, so voi Cuong llnh chinh trj dau tien ciia Dang va chii tnrang ciia Hpi lupng each mang, da nhanh chong cau ket lai May hom sau Nhat tha t u binh nghj Trung uang Dang thang 11 - 1939, thi Luan cuong chinh trj thang 10 - 1030 Phap va cho quan Phap tro lai dong cac don bo't Lang Son Thye dan Phap han che la: chua neu dupe mau thuan chii yeu eiia xa hpi Dong Duong, tien hanh khiing bo phong trao each mang Bac San Chiing dot pha lang ban, khong dua ngpn ca dan tpc len hang dau ma nang ve dau tranh giai cap va don lang, tap trung dan, bat giet nhung nguoi tham gia khoi nghia each mang rupng dat * Van de luc lugng each mang: - Trong Cucmg llnh chinh tri dau tien cua Dang: Xac djnh luc lupng each mang la cong nhan, nong dan, tieu t u san, t r i thuc Doi voi phii nong, trung tieu dja chii va tu ban thi Ipi dung hoae trung lap, dong thai phai lien h? vai cac dan tpc bj ap biie va v6 san the gioi - Trong Luan cucmg chinh tri thdng 10 -1930: Xac djnh lye lupng each mang la giai cap v6 san va nong dan 66 - y nghia vd bai hoc kinh nghiem cua khai nghia Bdc San: No ma dau cho phong trao dau tranh giai phong dan tpc sau c6 chii truong ehuyen huong dau tranh eiia Dang Khai nghia BSc San giiip Dang ta nit nhirng bai hpc quy bau ve khoi nghia vii trang, chpn thai co, quyet tam gianh thSng Ipi * CMOCkhai nghia Nam Ki(23-ll-1940) - Nguyen nhan: Thang 11 - 1940, xay cupc xung dpt giiia thye dan Phap va Xiem (Thai Lan) Chinh quyen thye dan Phap bit nien Vi?t Nam va Cao Mien d i 67 lam bia d o dan N h a n dan N a m K i va b i n h l i n h dau tranh k h o n g d u a l i n h m | t tran T r o n g boi canh do, X u uy N a m K i chuan bj phat d o n g nhan d a n k h a i nghia va cu dai bieu Bac x i n chi thj cua T r u n g u o n g Cty TNHH MTVP^'H Khang Vift - Y nghia cua ba su kien tren: N o i len l o n g yeu n u o c nong nan, the hi§n t i n h than d a u t r a n h bat khuat v i (Jpc lap t v ciia dan tpc ta Giang m o t d o n chi t u vao thuc Phap, canh cao n g h i e m khac phat xit N h a t -,Dien bien: Cupc k h o i nghia no vao d e m rang sang 23 - 11 - 1940 K h o i nghia b i i n g no t u m i e n D o n g den m i e n Tay N a m Bp; Bien Hoa, Gia D i n h , C h p L a n , Tan A n , Ben Tre, Tra V i n h , Can Tho, Soc Trang, Bac Lieu, Rach Gia, \ Tho, V i n h v u a m o i dat chan len dat n u o c ta " D o la nhCrng tien sung bao h i ^ u ciia cupc k h o i nghia toan quoc" De Igi cho each m a n g nhieu bai hpc k i n h n g h i e m q u i gia, nhat bai hpc ve L o n g C h i n h q u y e n each m a n g da lap nhieu n o i T u t r o n g k h o i nghia, t h o i CO k h o i nghia Rieng k h o i nghia Bac Son de lai cho each m a n g d p i d u kich lan dau tien xuat h i ^ n c6 vang Bac Son, k h o i nghia N a m K i de lai cho each m a n g la co vang n a m canh, D o ke hoach bj Ip, thuc dan Phap da kjp t h o i d o i C h u n g cho m a y bay n e m b o m tan sat nhan dan n h i r n g v u n g noi day, bat nhieu n g u d i N h u vay, t r o n g t h o i gian thang, cupc noi day n o i tie'p no a m i e n dat L u c l u p n g nghia quan lai phai r i i t ve D o n g Thap va U M i n h de cung co lyc lupng u o i , n h u n g " D o la n h i i n g tien siing bao hieu cho cupc k h o i nghia toan quoc, Cupc k h o i nghia N a m K i c h u n g to t i n h than yeu n u o c ciia cac tang l o p nhan dan V i ^ t N a m , san sang d u n g len chie'u dau chong q u a n t h u * Cmc binh bien Do Luffng (13-1- 941) nhan: T r o n g k h i t h y c dan Phap k h i i n g bo du d p i nhCrng n g u o i t h a m gia k h o i nghia N a m K i , tai m i e n T r u n g n h i r n g b i n h l i n h n g u o i Viet t r o n g q u a n d p i Phap da l a m b i n h bien, chong lai vi^c Phap d u a b i n h l i n h n g u o i V i ^ t sang Lao d a n h v o i quan Thai L a n - Dien bien: N g a y 13 - - , b i n h l i n h d o n C h p Rang ( N g h ^ A n ) d u o i s u chi h u y a i a D p i C u n g ( N g u y e n V a n Cung) da n o i day Toi h o m do, hp da d a n h chiem d o n D o L u o n g r o i len to tien ve V i n h de p h o i h p p v d i b i n h l i n h day chiem N h u n g ke hogch k h o n g thuc h i ^ n dupe Q u a n Phap da k j p thoi d o i H o r n sau, loan bp b i n h l i n h tham gia noi day b i bat N g a y 11 - - 1941, D p i C u n g bj sa vao tay giac N g a y 24 - - 1941, t h y c dan Phap x u ban D p i C u n g cung 10 d o n g chi ciia ong N h i e u n g u o i khac bj ket an k h o sai d u a d i day - Y nghia: The h i ^ n t i n h than yeu nuoc va y thuc dan tpc cua b i n h l i n h n g u o i V i ^ t t r o n g q u a n d p i Phap - Nguyen nhan that bqi: Cupc k h o i nghia Bac Son, N a m K i va cupc b i n h bien D o L u a n g cuol cung b j that bai, d o thuc d a n Phap luc m ^ n h , k h o i nghia no chua chin m u o i , chua d u n g t h o i co 68 nuoc, d o n h i e u tang l o p nhan dan va b i n h l i n h t h a m gia da neu cao t i n h than bat khuat ciia d a n tpc Cac cupc noi day da that bai v i dieu k i f n chua chin - y nghia: - Nguyen sau t r o Quoc k i - m p t bieu t u p n g thieng lieng ciia dat nuoc la buoc dau d a u tranh bang v u luc ciia cac dan tpc D o n g D u o n g " T i n h h i n h the g i o i , t r o n g n u o c n h u n g n a m 1940 - 1941 H p i n g h i l a n t h u an C h a p h a n h T r u n g u o n g (5 - 1941) Tarn q u a n t r p n g ciia H p i n g h i T r u n g ig I a n t h u a Tinh hinh the gioi, * nuoc Thegiai: Chien tranh the g i o i lan t h u hai da buoc sang nam t h i i ba, sau k h i chiem han Ion chau A u , phat xit D u e chuan bj tan cong Lien X6, N h a t m o r p n g xam upc T r u n g Quoc, chuan bj chien tranh Thai Binh D u o n g * Trong nuac: N h a t nhay vao D o n g D u o n g , Phap dau hang Nhat, N h a t lan t u n g b u o c de ien D o n g D u o n g thupc dja va can c i i chien tranh ciia c h i i n g N h a n d a n n g D u o n g phai chju hai tang ap biic, boc lot ciia Phap - N h a t , m a u thuan lira cac dan tpc D o n g D u o n g v o i d e q u o c , phat x i t Phap - N h a t phat trien gay t, van m ? n h cac d a n tpc D o n g D u o n g nguy v o n g h o n bao g i o het N h a n dan D o n g D u o n g cang each m a n g hoa, nhieu cupc d a u tranh da - ra, tieu bieu la cupc k h o i nghia Bac Son (9 -1940) N a m K i (11 -1940) va cupc i n h bien D o L u o n g (1 -1941) Truoc tinh h i n h the gioi va nuoc cang khan truong, 28 - -1941 g u y e n A i Quoc ve nuoc va trieu tap H p i n g h i T r u n g u o n g D a n g lan t h u V I I I , ipp tir 10 den 19 - - 1941 t ^ i PSc Bo (Cao Bang) chu t r u o n g d?t n h i ^ m V giai p h o n g d a n tpc len tren het ' Cty TNHH MTVP'/V' < Kh.ing b Hgi nghi Idn thu Ban Chap hanh Trung uong (5 - 1941) 6, C h i i truong chuyen huong chi dao chien lupc cua D a n g tvr H p i nghi Trung N g a y 28 - - 1941, N g u y e n A i Quo'c ve nuoc true tiep lanh dao each mang ifong thang 11 - 1939 den Hpi nghi Trung uong (5 - 1941) V a i tro cua Ho Sau mQt t h a i gian chuan bj, N g u o i trieu tap va chu t r i H o i n g h i T r u n g u o n g C h i M i n h vi^c hoan chinh chii truong chuyen huong chi dao chien Ian t h u tai Pac Bo (Ha Q u a n g - Cao Bang) t u 10 den 19 - - 1941 N g h j Iif^^c cua D a n g va chuan bi tien toi khoi nghia vii trang gianh chinh quyen quyet H p i n g h i neu ro: N h i e m v u chu yeu truoc m a t ciia each m a n g la giai p h o n g d a n tpc T a m gac khau hi^u each m a n g r u o n g da't, neu khau hieu g i a m to, g i a m tue, chia lai r u p n g dat cong, tien t o i thue hien n g u o i cay c6 r u o n g C h u t r u o n g lap C h i n h p h u nhan dan Thay ten cac H p i Phan de H p i C u u quoc, lap Vi?t N a m doc lap d o n g m i n h gpi tat la Viet M i n h thay cho M a t tran t h o n g nhat dan toe phan d e ' D o n g D u o n g va g i i i p d o vi^c lap m a t tran cac nude Lao, Campuchia Xae d j n h h i n h thai cupe k h o i nghla o nuoc ta la d i t u k h o i nghTa t u n g phan tien len t o n g k h o i nghla va ket luan: chuan bj k h o i nghla v u t r a n g la n h i ^ m v u t r u n g tam cua toan D a n g , toan dan giai doan h i ^ n tai C h i n h thuc d u p e bau Ban Chap hanh T r u n g u o n g m o i , bau T r u o n g C h i n h l a m T o n g Bi t h u H p i n g h j Ian t h u cua Ban Chap hanh T r u n g u o n g D a n g da hoan c h i n h chu t r u o n g c h u y e n h u o n g dau t r a n h d u p e de t u h p i nghj T r u n g u o n g Ian t h u (11 - 1939), n h a m giai quyet mue tieu so cua each m a n g la doe lap dan tpc va de nhieu ehti t r u o n g sang tao thue h i | n mue tieu ay H p i nghj T r u n g Ian t h u c6 y nghla Ijch su to I o n - da hoan c h i n h vi^c chuyen h u o n g chi dao chien lupc each m a n g eiia D a n g de t u H p i nghj T r u n g u o n g Ian t h i i (11 - 1939) K i e n quyet g i u o n g cao h o n nixa n g p n c6 giai p h o n g dan tpc, dat n h i ^ m v u giai p h o n g dan tpc len hang dau va cap thiet h o n bao g i o het Giai quyet d i i n g d i n m o i quan h f gii>a hai n h i ? m v y chien lupc chohg de quo'c va p h o n g kien De p h u o n g phap each m a n g cu the: tich cue chuain bj l y c l u p n g de k h o i nghla v u trang gianh chinh quyen, d i t u k h o i nghla t i m g p h a n tien len T o n g k h o i nghla c Tam quan trgng cua Hgi nghi Trung uong Idn thii Dpng vien toan Dang, toan dan tich cue chuan bj tien toi Cach mang thang Tam V o i chu t r u o n g eiia H p i nghj M a t tran Viet M i n h d o i , qua d o D a n g xay d u n g d u p e k h o i doan ket toan dan v i i n g chac Tiep luc l u p n g v u trang Ian l u p t d o i , can c u dia each m a n g lap, p h o n g trao dau tranh phat trien m a n h me chuan b i tien t o i T o n g k h o i nghla toan quoc a Chu truong chuyen huong chi dao chien luge: Truoc n h i j n g bien chuyen eiia tinh h i n h the gioi va nuoc, thang 11 -1939, Dang h p p H p i nghj T r u n g u o n g Ian t h u 6, de ehii t r u o n g : t »v'tf H p i nghj xae d i n h m u c tieu chien lupc truoc mat ciia each m a n g D o n g D u o n g la d a n h de quo'c va tay sai, giai p h o n g cac dan tpc D o n g D u o n g , lam cho D o n g D u o n g hoan toan doe lap H p i n g h i chii t r u o n g tam gac khau hieu each m a n g r u o n g da't va de khau hi?u tjch t h u r u p n g da't cua de'quoc va dja chu phan bpi q u y e n Ipi cua dan tpc, cho'ng to cao, lai nang K h a u hieu lap chinh quyen X6 viet cong, nong, b i n h dupe thay the'bang khau hi^u lap c h i n h quyen d a n chii cong hoa • '' '' Ve p h u o n g p h a p each mang, chuyen t u dau tranh d o i dan sinh, dan chii sang da'u tranh d a n h chinh quyen ciia de'quoc va tay sai; t u boat d p n g h p p phap, niia h p p phap sang hoat d p n g b i mat, bat h p p phap D a n g ehii c h u o n g lap M a t tran thong nhat dan tpc phan de D o n g D u o n g thay cho M a t tran dan chii D o n g D u o n g Nghi quyei Hoi nghi Trung uong Dang Ian thang 11- 1939 "danh dau buac chuyen hu&ng quan trgng vechi dao chien luge", the hien su nhqy ben ve chinh tri va nang luc sang tqo cua Dang N g a y - - 1941, N g u y e n A i Quoc ve nude t r y c tiep lanh dao each m^ng Sau m p t t h d i gian chuan bj, N g u o i tri^u tap va ehii trj H p i n g h i T r u n g u o n g Ian t h u tai P i e Bd (Ha Q u a n g - Cao Bang) t u 10 den 19 - - N g h j quyet H p i nghj neu ro: N h i f m v u chii yeu trude mSt ciia each m a n g la giai p h d n g dan tpc T a m gac khau hieu each m a n g r u p n g da't, neu khau hi^u g i a m to, g i a m tiic, chia lai r u p n g da't cong, tien t d i thuc hien n g u o i cay cd r u p n g Chii t r u o n g lap C h i n h p h i i nhan dan Thay ten cac H p i Phan de H p i C i i u quo'c, lap Viet N a m doe lap d o n g m i n h gpi tat la Vi^t M i n h thay cho M a t tran thong nhat dan tpc phan d e ' D o n g D u o n g va g i i i p d o vi^c lap mat tran d cac nude Lao, Campuchia Xae d j n h h i n h thai cupe k h d i nghTa d nude ta la d i t u k h d i nghla t u n g phan Hen len tong k h d i nghTa va ket luan: chuan bj k h d i nghTa v u t r a n g la n h i ? m vy t r u n g tam ciia toan Dang, toan dan t r o n g giai dogn hi?n tai Cty TNHHMn-PVV'i Kh.in.^i ViSt_ C h i n h thuc d u o c bau Ban Chap hanh T r u n g i r a n g m o i , b a u T r u o n g O nhieu t i n h m i e n Bac, m g t so t i n h m i e n T r u n g , H a N g i , H a i Phong hau C h i n h l a m T o n g Bi t h u Hoi nghi Ian thu cua Ban Chap hanh Trung he't cac Hoi phdn ^e'chuyen Hoi Cuu quoc d o n g t h o i n h i e u h g i c u u quoc uvng Dang da hocin chinh chu o i d i d u g c lap truang chuyen hif&ng dau tranh dugc dim tit hoi nghi Trung imng Ian thie - 11 T r o n g k h i chu t r g n g t d i cong nhan va nong d a n D a n g t r a n h t h u tap h g p 1939, nhhm gidi quyei muc tieu sol cua each mqng la doc lap dan toe va dera nhieu rgng rai cac tang I d p khac n h u sinh vien, hgc sinh, t r i thuc, t u san d a n tgc vao chu trucmg sang tqo thuc hien muc tieu ay mat tran c u u nude N a m 1943, D a n g d u a ban Decimng Van hod Viet Nam , b Vai trd cua Ho Chi Minh: v$n d g n g t h a n h lap Hoi van hod citu quoc Viet Nam v a Dang dan chu Viet Nam Sau 30 n a m b o n ba hai ngoai, den 28 - - 1941 N g u y e n Ai Q u o c ve d u n g t r o n g M a t tran Viet M i n h D a n g cung tang c u d n g cong tac v a n d g n g b i n h n u o c true tiep lanh dao each mang N g u o i da to chuc va chii t r i H p i nghi l i n h n g u d i Viet t r o n g quan d g i Phap, n h i i n g ngoai k i e u d D o n g D u o n g chdng T r u n g u o n g Ian t h u tai P5c P6 (Cao B^ng) t u 10 den - - phat xit Tai H o i n g h j nay, N g u y e n A i Quoc da chu t r u o n g hoan c h i n h chuyen * Xay dung luc lugng vu trang: h u o n g chi dao chien luge d u g c de t r o n g H g i nghj T r u n g u o n g Ian t h u (11- C l i n g v d i viec xay d u n g luc l u g n g chinh t r j , cong tac xay d u n g luc l u g n g v u 1939) H g i n g h i dat van de giai p h o n g dan tgc len hang dau va cap thiet hon trang each m a n g d u g c D a n g dac biet coi t r g n g bao g i o he't Sau cugc k h o i nghia Bac Son that bai, m g t b g phan luc l u g n g k h d i nghia v u Q u y e t d i n h t h a n h lap M a t tran Viet M i n h de chuan b j tien t d i T o n g k h o i trang chuyen sang xay d u n g n h i r n g d g i d u k i c h hoat d g n g d n h i i n g c u nghia gianh c h i n h q u y e n t r o n g toan quoc dja BMc Son - V i i N h a i Q u y e t d j n h xiic tien cong tac chuan bi k h o i nghia v u trang Coi d o la n h i f m Budc sang n a m 1941, n h i r n g d g i d u kich Bac Son I d n m a n h len va t h o n g v u t r u n g tam ciia D a n g t r o n g giai doan h i ^ n tai nhat lai t h a n h Trung dgi cuu quoc quan / (14 - - 1941) C u u quoc q u a n phat N h u vay, den H g i n g h i T r u n g u o n g D a n g Ian t h u da chuan b j xong vc d g n g chien t r a n h d u k i c h t r o n g thang (tir thang - 1941 den thang - 1942) d u o n g l o i de tien t o i T o n g k h o i nghia gianh chinh q u y e n t r o n g Cach m a n g de d o i p h d v d i s u vay quet ciia dich, sau d o phan tan n h i e u b g phan de thang T a m 1945 N g u y e n A i Quoc - H o C h i M i n h la n g u o i true tiep chii t r i va chan c h i n h luc l u g n g , gay d u n g co so chinh t r j t r o n g q u a n c h i i n g tai cac t i n h quyet d j n h nhOng van de co ban cua hgi n g h j Thai N g u y e n , T u y e n Q u a n g , L a n g Son N g a y 15 - - , Trung doi citu quoc II Sau H g i nghj T r u n g u o n g Ian t h u (5 - 1941), N g u e n A i Q u o c - H o C h i d o i M i n h tiep tuc chuan b j de tien t d i Tong k h o i nghia thang T a m 1945 * Xay dieng can cu dja: Ra chi thj t h a n h lap D g i V i ^ t N a m tuyen t r u y e n giai p h o n g quan (22 - 12 - C o n g tac xay d u n g can c u dja each mang cung d u g c D a n g q u a n t a m V i i n g 1944) T o chuc xay d u n g can c u dja each mang, ban d a u la can c u Cao BSng, B5c Son - V i i N h a i d u g c xay d u n g can c u dia each m a n g den thang - 1945, lap K h u giai p h o n g Vi?t B3c N a m 1942, N g u o i d i N a m 1941, sau k h i ve nude, N g u y e n A i Quoc chgn Cao Bang de xay d y n g T r u n g Q u o c lien tiep tranh t h i i s u u n g hg cua cac luc l u g n g d o n g m i n h can c u dja d u a tren co sd luc l u g n g chinh trj d u g c to chuc v a phat trien D o la 7, Cong cupc chuan b i k h o i nghia a i a Dang t u sau H g i n g h i T r u n g u o n g (5 -1941) hai t r u n g t a m can c u d j a d u a tren co sd luc l u g n g c h i n h t r i d u g c to chuc va * Xay dung luc lugng chinh tri: M g t t r o n g nhi>ng n h i ^ m v y cap bach cua D a n g la v a n d g n g q u a n c h i i n g phat trien D o la hai t r u n g tam can c u dia dau tien cua each m a n g nude ta ' « T u d a u n a m 1943, cugc chien tranh the g i d i chuyen bien cd Igi cho each t h a m gia V i ^ t M i n h Cao Bang la n o i t h i diem cugc van d g n g xay d u n g cac Hoi mang H o n g q u a n L i e n X6 chuyen sang phan cong q u a n D u e , s u that bai cua ci'fu quoc t r o n g m a t tran V i ^ t M i n h Den nam 1942, khap cac chau a Cao B5ng chii nghia phat xit da r d rang T i n h h i n h d o d o i hoi D a n g ta day m a n h h o n nira deu CO h g i c u u quoc, t r o n g d o c6 ba chau "hoan toan" Tiep do, U y ban Vi?t cong tac chuan b i cho cugc k h d i nghia gianh chinh q u y e n M i n h t i n h Cao Bang va U y ban V i f t M i n h l a m t h o i lien t i n h Cao - Bac - L ? n g d u g c t h a n h lap T u 25 den 28 - -1943, Ban T h u d n g v u T r u n g u o n g D a n g h g p d V o n g ( D o n g A n h - Phiic Yen) H g i nghj da vach m g t k e h o ^ c h cy the ve cong i^c chuan b j toan d i ^ n cho cugc k h d i nghia vu trang T^i cac t i n h v u n g n i i i phi'a Bac cong cupc chuan bi k h o i nghia dien khan b Dien bien khai nghia tieng phan: t r u a n g O can c u Bac San - V u N h a i , C u u quoc quan hoat d p n g m a n h , tuyen O k h u can c u dja Cao - Bac - Lang, Viet N a m tuyen t r u y e n giai p h o n g quan t r u y e n v u trang, gay d u n g co so chinh t r j , m a rgng k h u can c u T r o n g qua va C u u quoc quan p h o i h p p v o i luc l u p n g chinh t r i cua quan c h u n g giai p h o n g t r i n h do, Trung doi cuu quae III d o i (25 - -1944) O can c u Cao Bang, n h u n g hang loat, chau, h u y e n Tai nhCrng n o i nay, chinh q u y e n nhan dan d u p e d p i t u ve v u trang, d o i d u k i c h d u g c lap N a m 1943, Ban Vi?t M i n h lien t i n h Cao - Bac - L a n g lap 19 ban "xung phong Nam tien" de lien lac v o i can c u d|a Bac Son - V i i N h a i va phat trien luc l u o n g x u o n g cac t i n h m i e n x u o i N g a y - - 1944, T o n g bq> Viet M i n h chi thj cho cac cap "Siea soqn khai nghia" va keu goi nhan dan "S^m vu duoi thii chung" N g a y 22 - 12 - 1944, theo chu tich H o C h i M i n h , Doi Viet Nam tuyen truyen giai phong quan dugc lap Sau k h i d o i , d p i da danh thang lien tiep d hai tran Phay Khat va N a N g a n (Cao Bang) Can c u Cao - Bac - Lang du