Bồi dưỡng học sinh giỏi môn sử ( phần 1 )

TUYỂN TẬP ĐỀ THI TÀI LIỆU ÔN THI MÔN LỊCH SỬ Cty LOI NOI DAU EhlnJ: Cac ban d6n§ nghidp va cac cm hoc sinh Lh&n men! TNHH MTV Pmi Khang \^ft H U O I N Q D A N L A M B A I T H I H O C S I N H QIOI Hii^n Lrdn Lhi Lniong sach Lham khao mon Ljch sii c6 r^L nhing hau qua ciia cuoc k h i i n g hoang k i n h te'1929 - 1933, k h i N h o CO s u d o n g t i n h , l i n g hp va g i i i p d o ciia T r u n g Quo'e, Lien Xo va eiia ehii nghla phat xit tam thoi thang the o m p t so nuoc Phong trao chong ehii cae nuoc dan chii nhan dan khae, ciia nhan dan Phap va loai n g u o i tie'n bp Sau yeu can hoc sinh phan tich mot nguyen nhan quyet dinh nhat: T r o n g cae n g u y e n nhan neu tren t h i nguyen nhan ve s y lanh dao ciia Dang, d u n g dau la C h i i tjch H o C h i M i n h la nguyen nhan quye't d j n h nha't T r o n g cupe khang chien chong thye dan Phap tro lai xam lupc nuoc ta, D a n g ta va C h i i tjch H o C h i M i n h da de d u o n g loi k h a n g chien toan dan, toan d i ^ n , lau dai va t u lye canh sinh D u o n g loi d o d u p e ap d u n g t r o n g suot tie'n tranh each m a n g t u nam 1946 den nam 1954 N h o co d u o n g l o i D a n g ta da doan ke't d u p e m p t lye l u p n g each mang ciia d o n g dao quan c h i i n g de thye hi^n cupe khang chien toan dan va da tie'n hanh khang chien tren cae mat tran nghla phat xit phat trien nhieu n o i tren the'gioi PhAn 2: L j C H SO VIET N A M H I E N D A I C/iuy^n de I: VIET NAM TU NAM 1919 DEN NAM 1930 Ve giao t h o n g van tai: Phap tang c u o n g dau t u m o t h e m n h i e u t u y e n d u o n g n h a m phuc v u dac luc cho v i f c chuyen cho nguyen vat li#u cung n h u l u u thong hang hoa t r o n g n p i dja va v o i nuoc ngoai ^ I CONG CUOC K H A I T H A C THUOC D I A L A N T H l / H A I CUA T H l / C D A N PHAP * Diem mm chucmg trinh khai thac thuoc dia Idn thii hai: Th\rc d a n Phap t i e n h a n h k h a i thac V i ? t N a m sau C h i e n t r a n h the Tap t r u n g v o n nhieu nhat vao nong n g h i f p (chii yeu la d o n d i e n cao su) va gioi t h u nhat • Qua trinh khai thac Idn thu hai: Sau Chien tranh the g i o i t h u nhat (1914 - 1918), de quoc Phap t u y la nude khai thac m o (chu yeu la m o than) ' 'ill Phap dau t u v o n vao cong nghiep nhe va t h u o n g nghiep t h i n g tran, n h u n g lai bj chien tranh tan pha nang ne, k i n h te sa sut n g h i e m Lap ngan hang D o n g D u o n g de nam quyen chi h u y k i n h te trpng T h e m vao do, cuoc k h i i n g hoang k i n h te the g i o i t u ban chu nghla Dat cac t h u t h u e ' m o i n h u : t h u e ' r u p u , t h u e ' m u o i , thue thuoc p h i e n cang gay k h o khan cho nen k i n h tePhap T u y vay, k i n h te V i f t N a m ve co ban van k h o n g c6 g i thay d o i , Phap he't sue N h a m han gan vet t h u o n g chien tranh, b i j dap n h u n g thiet hai d o chien han c h e p h a t trien cong nghiep, nhat la cong nghi?p nang, n h a m cpt chat k i n h tranh gay ra, k h o i phuc va c i i n g co dja v j t r o n g t h e g i o d t u ban chii nghla de te D o n g D u o n g 1$ thupc vao k i n h te Phap va bien D o n g D u o n g thj quoc Phap m o t mat tang c u o n g boc lot nhan dan t r o n g nuoc, mat khac day t r u o n g dpc chie'm ciia Phap m a n h khai thac boc lot thuoc dia Cuoc khai thac thupc dja Ian t h u hai ma t h y c Tac d p n g ciia cupc k h a i thac t h u p c d i a I a n t h u h a i ciia t h y c d a n P h a p dan Phap tien hanh D o n g D u o n g la nam y d o d o i v o i n e n k i n h te va xa h p i V i ? t N a m De tien h a n h k h a i thac thupc dja Ian t h u hai V i ^ t N a m , Phap tang c u o n g * Vekinh te dau t u v o n vao V i ^ t N a m v o i q u y m o va toe d p nhanh gap n h i e u Ian so v o i Qua t r i n h khai thac thupc dja ciia Phap o Viet N a m l a m cho nen k i n h te'Vi^t trudc chien t r a n h C h i t r o n g v o n g n a m (1924 - 1929) tong so v o n d a u t u vao N a m C O s u chuyen bien theo h u o n g t u ban C h i n h s u t h a m nhap ciia p h u a n g V i ^ t N a m tang gap Ian so v o i 20 nam truac chien tranh (1898 - 1918) V o i so v o n do, Phap tap t r u n g khai thac cac ITnh v u c sau: Ve n o n g nghiep: thuc dan Phap day manh vi?c c u o p da't, lap d o n dien, chu yeu la d o n d i e n cao su T i n h den nam 1930, di$n tich d o n dien d o chu n g u o i Phap n a m gii> t o i 1,2 trieu hec ta da't dai, bang 1/4 tong d i f n tich da't canh tac V i ^ t N a m N h i e u C o n g t i Ian phuc v u cho vi^c khai thac c u n g Ian l u p t d a i : C o n g t i Da't do, Cong t i M i so Lanh, Cong t i cay n h i ^ t d o i Ve cong nghiep: thuc dan Phap day manh khai thac m o (chii yeu la m o than) N h i e u C o n g t i than m a i d o i : Cong t i than H a L o n g , D o n g D a n g , Cong ti than D o n g Trieu N g o a i ra, t u ban Phap m o them m p t so ca so cong nghiep k h o n g c6 kha nang canh tranh v o i cong nghiep Phap, chu yeu la cong nghiep che'bien Ve t h u o n g nghiep: de n a m chat h o n thj t r u o n g V i ^ t N a m va D o n g D u o n g , Phap ban hanh dao luat d o n g t h u e n a n g hang ngoai nhap nhat la hang T r u n g Quoc va N h a t Ban thuc san xuat t u ban chu nghla dan toi su tan dan cua nen k i n h t e ' t y nhien, t y cap, t y tiic nong thon Nen kinh te'hang hoa, d o d o co dieu k i ^ n de phat trien T u y nhien, d o m u c d i c h ciia thuc dan Phap bien Viet N a m thj t r u o n g cung u n g n g u y e n vat l i ^ u va tieu t h u hang hoa, nen tac d y n g ciia p h u a n g thuc san xuat t u ban chii nghla d u nhap vao cung chi han che M a t khac, Phap van tie'p tuc d u y t r i quan h# san xuat p h o n g kien V i ^ t N a m , tie'p tyc s u d y n g giai cap dja chii p h o n g kien V i vay, V i ^ t N a m k h o n g la nuoc dpc lap va k h o n g the co nen k i n h te'dan tpc phat trien b i n h t h u o n g len t u ban chii nghla, ma t r o m p t nuoc thupc dja n i i a p h o n g kien H a y n o i t o m lai, nen k i n h te Viet N a m Iiic bay g i o la nen k i n h te dan xen ton tai p h u o n g thuc san xuat t u ban chii nghla va p h u o n g thuc san xuat p h o n g kien Va suy cho cung, d o la nen k i n h te n o n g nghiep lac hau, que quat 1? thupc vao nen k i n h te'Phap * Vexa hgi D u d i tac d p n g ciia cupc k h a i thac thupc dja Ian t h u hai ciia t h y c dan Phap l a m cho xa h p i V i ^ t N a m bj phan hoa sau sSc Ben cgnh n h u n g giai cap cu van con, g i o day da xuat hi§n cac giai cap m o i a D o i v o i giai cap cu: Giai cap liia chit phon^ kick: tiep tuc bj phan hoa va chia hai bo phan, m o i bo phan c6 thai d o chinh t r i l dpi nam 1908, Phan Chau Trinh bj an tu ba nam d Con Dao Nam 1911, thuc dan Phap dua ong sang Phap Suot 14 nam song d trung tam chau A u , Phan Chau Trinh van giu dudng Id'i cai each, keu gpi dan quyen, dan sinh, dan Vao dau nam 1922, Phan Chau Trinh den Mae-xay Nhan djp vua Khai Djnh sang du cupc trien lam thupe dja khuye'eh truong cai gpi la "cong lao khai hoa" ciia Phap, Phan Chau Trinh viet Thai die'u thw vaeh tpi dang chem ciia Khai Djnh Phan Chau Trinh to chuc dien thuyet len an che'dp quan chii va quan truong d Viet Nam, tie'p tuc ho hao "Khai dan tri, chan dan khi, hqu dan khi" Thang - 1925, Phan Chau Trinh ve nirdc Mac du sue khde da yeu ong van tie'p tuc hoat dpng, da pha che'dp quan chii, de cao dan quyen Nhieu tang Idp nhan dan, nha't la nien rat men mo va hudng ling hoat dpng ciia Phan Chau Trinh d Hoat dong cua tu san va tie'u tu san Ngay tu mdi ddi, tu san Vi^t Nam da to chuc cupc tay chay tu san Hoa Kieu (1919) d mot so tinh va phd'nhu Sai Gdn, H a Npi, Hai Phong, Nam D i n h d H a Npi ed cupc van dpng ngudi Vi?t N a m chi mua hang cua ngudi Vict Nam Nam 1923, dai chii va tu san Vi?t Nam dau tranh chong tu ban Phap dpc quyen cang Sai Gdn, dpc quyen xua't cang liia gao Nam K i Ngoai ra, giai cap tu san da diing bao chi de benh vuc quyen Ipi cho minh phong trao chdng dpc quyen Mpt so tu san va dia chii Idn d Nam K i (Bui Quang Chieu, Nguyen Phan Long.) da tap hpp lai mpt to chuc cd ten la Dang Lap hien (1923) C o quan ngon luan ciia Dang lap hien la to Dien dan Dong Duong va Tieng doi An Nam Khi dupe thuc dan Phap nhupng bp cho it quyen Ipi (chu cho tham gia Hpi dong Quan hat N a m Ki), hp da thda hiep vdi chiing Sau chie'n tranh, cac tang Idp tie'u tu san tri thuc (gom sinh vien truong Cao dSng H a Npi, hpe sinh va cac giao vien cac trudng, vien chuc, nha van, nha bao v v ) sdi ndi dau tranh ddi quyen tu dan chii Giiia nhCrng nam 20, cd nhieu nien yeu nude sang Quang Chau (Trung Quoc) tim dudng cuu nude Nam 1923, hp lap to chuc Tam tam xa Mpt so to chuc chinh trj nhu Viet Nam nghia doan Hoi Phuc Vict, Dang Thanh nien ddi vdi nhieu hoat dpng phong phii sdi dpng (mit tinh, bieu tinh, bai khoa V V ) Nhieu to bao tie'n bp Ian lupt ddi Bao tieng Phap ed cac to Chuong re An Nam Ire, Ngudi nha que; bao tieng Viet cd td Huu thanh, Tieng dan, Dong Phap then bao, thuc nghiep dan bao Hp lap nhijng nha xua't ban tien bp nhu Nam dong thuxa (Ha Npi), Cuang hoc thuxa (Sai Gdn), Quan tai lung thu (Hue) Trong phong trao yeu nude dan chii cong khai hoi ed mpt so s u kifn ndi bat la cupc dau tranh ddi nha cam quyen Phap tha Phan Bpi Chau (1925), cac cupc truy dieu, de tang Phan Chau Trinh (1926) Rieng d Sai Gdn, dam tang Phan Chau Trinh da thu hiit khoang 14 van ngudi tham du e Cac cuoc dau tranh ciia cong nhan Nhirng nam dau sau chien tranh, cac cupc dau tranh ciia cong nhan le te va tu phat nhung da ndi len y thuc giai cap dang phat trien nhanh chdng lam CO sd cho eac td chuc va phong trao chinh trj cao hon ve sau Ngay tu n5m 1920, cong nhan Sai G o n - C h p L d n da lap cong hpi (bi mat) Ton Due Thang diing dau Cac cupc dau tranh ciia cong nhan va thiiy thii Phap tren eac tau Phap ghe ; nhu-jcacrupe^aii^tranh ciia vao cang Hai Phong (1919) va S ^ ' f ^ f y ( | ^ ^ j ^ ^ ? p * | f ^ ^ 17 thuQC dja can phai giai quye't T r o n g tinh h i n h do, m o i d a n tpc phai l y a chgn C u o l n a m 1917, Cach m a n g thang M u o i N g a cong, Chien t r a n h the cho m i n h d u a n g phat trien p h i i h o p v o i thoi dai va dieu k i ^ n lich sir rieng g i a i thir nhat sap ket thiic, N g u y e n A i Quoc ban hoan chao d o n Cach m a n g ciia m i n h O Viet N a m , sir lua chon d u o n g dien suot thap k i 20 cua the thang M u o i N g a , mac dau luc N g u o i chua hieu gi ve cupc each m a n g k i D o la qua t r i n h kiem nghiem Hen tuc ciia thuc te'khach quan d o i v o i cac Thang - 1919, cac n u o c de quo'c thang tran hpp H p i n g b i Vecxai, nhan xu h u o n g , dang phai chinh trj de t i m kiem m p t d u o n g d u n g nha't N g u y e n danh la n g u o i A n N a m yeu nuoc, N g u y e n A i Quoc giri den H p i nghj ban yeu A i Quoc bang thien tai va l i n h cam nhay ben c h i n h t r j ciia m i n h da nhan thuc sach d o i cac q u y e n t u d a n c h i i , b i n h dang va dan tpc tir quye't cho nhan dan day d u xu the cua t h a i dai va yeu cau cua Hch sir dan tpc, v u a t qua tam nhirt ta Mac dau k h o n g d u p e b p n de'quoc, nhat la de'quoc Phap chap nhan n h i m g cua nhi>ng n g u o i yeu nuoc d u a n g thoi ve van de dan tpc Van de dan tpc ban yeu sach da l a m chan d p n g the gioi va vang d p i ve nuoc tao buac k h o n g chi c6 doc lap dan tpc, ma ca giai phong dan tpc va giai p h o n g giai cap chuyen t r o n g p h o n g trao giai p h o n g dan tpc D o do, N g u o i k h o n g chpn kieu Cach mang MT (1776), cung k h o n g theo kieu Thang - 1920, N g u y e n A i Quoc dupe dpc so thao L u a n c u o n g ciia L e n i n each m a n g dan chii t u san Phap (1789) ma chpn d u a n g Cach m a n g thang ve van de dan tpc va thupc dja dang tren bao Sir that D e n day N g u y e n A i M u o i N g a (1917) - each m a n g v6 san Quo'c da t i m d u a n g each m a n g d u n g dan cho d a n tpc V i f t N a m , d o la De thuc hien viec lira chpn d u o n g each m a n g do, N g u y e n A i Quoc phai d u o n g each m a n g v san Roi thang 12 - 1920, N g u y e n A i Quoc t h a m d u trai qua m p t cupc hanh t r i n h t i m d u o n g cuu nuoc day gian kho N a m 1911, Dgi h p i ciia D a n g Xa h p i Phap hpp Tua, bo p h i e u tan Quoc N g u o i quye't d i n h sang p h u o n g Tay t i m d u o n g cuu nuoc, day la moc quan te Cong san va gia nhap D a n g Cpng san Phap N h i r n g sir kien d o c h u n g to trpng danh da'u s u lira chpn dau tien ciia N g u o i T r o n g k h i n h i r n g n g u o i ciing rang, den n a m 1920, N g u y e n A i Quoc ket thiic chan d u a n g t i m p h u o n g cuu thai d i p h u o n g Dong, sang Nhat Ban, Trung Quoc thi Nguyen A i Quoc re loi khac, nuoc, qua t r i n h lira chpn d u o n g cuu nuoc d i i n g dan buac quye't d i n h la ket qua ciia qua trinh chuan bj ve nhan thuc t u tuang N h u vay, qua t r i n h t i m k i e m d u a n g c i i u nuoc ciia N g u y e n A i Quo'c la Con d u o n g sang p h u o n g Tay, v o i n h u n g boat d p n g thuc tien va l i luan qua t r i n h hoc tap, khao sat, nghien cuu, k i e m n g h i e m l i l u a n va thuc tien day p h o n g p h i i da tao n h u n g nhan to m o i dua N g u y e n A i Quoc tie'p can chan l i gian kho, phiic tap N g u y e n A i Quoc da ket hop dupe hai yeu to dan tpc va t h a i ciia t h o i dai de c6 s u lira chpn d u o n g c i i u nuoc d i i n g dan Qua m u o i nam d?i de chpn d u o n g c u u nuoc thich hpp v a i sir phat trien ciia Ijch sir dan tpc boat d p n g (1911 - 1920) N g u y e n A i Quoc da den nhieu nuoc khac tren Do la d u o n g each mang v6 san, d u a n g theo chii nghla Mac - Lenin cac luc dja A , Phi, M i L a t i n h va t u bie'n m i n h n g u o i v san T r o n g qua t r i n h do, N g u y e n A i Quoc da riit dupe ket luan sau sac rang: a dau bpn de b Vai tro cua Nguyen Ai Quoc doi vai qua trinh van dong chuan hi lap Dang Cgng san Viet Nam quoc va thuc dan cung tan bao, doc ac, dau n g u o i lao d p n g cung bi ap biic, Sau t h o i gian dai di t i m d u a n g c i i u nuoc, den n a m 1920, N g u y e n A i boo Ipt nang ne N h i r n g nhan thuc m o i me cang n u n g na'u suy nghT giai Quoc da den v a i chii nghia Mac - L e n i n va t i m d u a n g c u u nuoc d i i n g p h o n g dan tpc va m o uoc q u y e n song ciia n h u n g n g u o i ciing kho ma N g u o i da d^n cho each m a n g V i f t N a m , la d u o n g each m a n g v san tran t r o t r u d c luc xua't d u o n g , cang thoi thuc N g u o i quye't tarn t i m d u a n g giai p h o n g dan tpc Giira n a m 1917, N g u y e n A i Quoc t r o lai nuoc Phap, N g u o i lao vao hogt K h i t i m den chu nghia Mac - L e n i n , t i m d u o n g c i i u n u o c d i i n g dan, N g u y e n A i Quoc tie'p tyc boat d p n g de t r u y e n ba chu nghia Mac - L e n i n ve Vi^t N a m Qua t r i n h boat d p n g la: d p n g c h i n h trj va nghien cuu each mang t u san Phap N h u n g v a i k i n h nghiem N a m 1921, cung v o i m p t so n g u o i yeu nuoc ciia A n g i e r i , Maroc, T u y n i d i r u t tir quan sat va boat d p n g thuc tien, N g u y e n A i Quoc tha'y giai cap t u san N g u y e n A i Quoc lap Hp; lien hiep cac dan tpc thupc dja Pari de doan ket k h o n g la giai cap tien bp ciia thoi dai D o do, N g u o i k h o n g d i theo Cach cac l y c l u p n g each m a n g chong chii nghia thuc dan Co quan ngon luan cua m a n g MT, Cach m a n g Phap ma phai t i m d u o n g each m a n g khac Day la H p i la bao Ngieai cung kho N g u o i lam chu n h i ^ m k i e m chu b i i t N g u o i quye't d j n h quan t r p n g t r o n g qua t r i n h lira chpn d u o n g ciru nuoc ciia Viet nhieu bai cho cac bao Nhan dqo (cua D a n g Cong san Phap), Dai song cong N g u y e n A i Quoc nhan (cua T o n g L i e n doan Lao d p n g Phap) va dac biet la cuon Ban an •in chedo 31 i^uy iivnn thtiT dan Phdf) Cac sach bao noi tren dvtgc bi mat chuyen ve V i ^ t N a m da gop phan thiic day p h o n g trao dan toe t r o n g nuoc phat trien m a n h me h o n Thang - 1923, N g u y e n A i Quoc bi mat roi nuoc Phap sang Lien X6 d y Hoi n^^lii Quoc tc'NCnt;^ dan (thang 10 - 1923) va dupe bau vao Ban Chap hanh H p i N g u o i a lai Lien X6, v u a nghien c i i u , hpc tap, vic't bai cho bao Su that ciia Dang Cpng san L i e n X6, tap chi Thu tin Quoc tccua Quoc t e C p n g san Tai D a i hpi Quoc t e C p n g san Ian t h u V (1924), N g u y e n A i Quoc t r i n h bay lap t r u o n g quan d i e m ciia m i n h ve vj t r i chien lupc ciia each m a n g cac nuoc thuoc dja, ve m o i quan h^ giua p h o n g trao cong nhan cac nuoc de quoc v o i p h o n g trao each mang cac nuoc thuoc dja Ngay 11 - 11 - 1924, N g u y e n A i Quoc den Quang Chau ( T r u n g Quoc) de true tie'p dao tao can bp, xay d u n g to chuc each mang, t r u y e n ba l i luan each m a n g giai p h o n g dan toe vao Viet N a m Thang - 1925, tai Q u a n g Chau ( T r u n g Quoc) N g u y e n A i Quoc n h o m hpp n h i r n g nien yeu nucVc V i ^ t N a m to chiic T a m tam xa roi d i den lap H o i Viet N a m Cach mang Thanh nien de t r u y e n ba chii nghia Mac Lenin ve t r o n g nuoc N h O n g boat d p n g ciia N g u y e n A i Quoc t u nam 1920 den nam 1925 c6 tac d u n g chuan bj ve t u t u o n g ehinh t r j va to chuc cho sy t h a n h l|p D a n g C p n g san V i Q t N a m ( - - 1930) C h i i nghia Mae - Lenin dupe truyen ba rpng rai vao V i ^ t N a m l a m cho p h o n g trao cong nhan va p h o n g trao ycu nuoc phat trien m a n h me, d o i hoi phai CO ehinh dang eua giai cap vo san lanh dao Dap u n g yeu eau khach quan Ijch s u Viet N a m Ian Urpt xuat hien ba to chuc cong san; D o n g D u o n g C p n g san dang A n N a m Cong san dang va D o n g D u o n g Cong san lien doan N h u n g su boat d p n g rieng re eua ba to ehiie cpng san gay anh h u o n g k h o n g tot den tien t r i n h phat trien ciia each mang V i ^ t N a m T r u o e tinh h i n h do, N g u y e n A i Quoc lien roi khoi X i e m sang T r u n g Quoc de t h o n g nha't cac to chuc cpng san V o i chuc trach la phai v i e n ciia Quoc te'Cpng san c6 q u y e n quyet d j n h m p i v a n de lien q u a n t o i p h o n g trao each m a n g D o n g D u o n g N g u y e n A i Quoc trieu tap dai bieu eiia D o n g D u o n g Cong san dang den Ciru L o n g de ban vi^e thong nha't D a n g T u - den - - 1930, H p i nghj h p p nha't D a n g hpp C u u L o n g ( H u o n g Cang) d o N g u y e n A i Quoc chvi t r i H p i nghj nha't t r i h p p nha't ba to chuc cpng san m p t d a n ^ d u y nha't lay ten la D a n g C p n g san^yi^t N a m V I P H O N G T R A O D A N TQC iviir tii lyiiaiiif D A N C H U V l f T N A M TU" 1925 D E N N A M 1930 Sv va boat dpng cua cac to chuc H p i V i f t N a m Cach mang T h a n h nien T a n V i f t each mang dang va V i ? t N a m Quoc dan dang a) Hqi Vi^t Nam Cach mang Thanh nien Sau k h i ve den Q u a n g Chau ( T r u n g Quoc), N g u y e n A i Quoc m o l o p h u a n l u y e n dao t^io can bp Phan Ion hpc v i e n la nien, hpc sinh, t r i thuc Vi?t N a m yeu nuoc N g u y e n A i Quoc l u a chpn m p t so t h a n h n i e n t i c h eye t r o n g T a m tam xa de to chuc n h o m C p n g san D o a n (2 -1925) T h a n g -1925, N g u y e n A i Quoc lap H p i V i f t N a m Cach m a n g T h a n h nien n h a m to chuc va lanh dao quan c h i i n g doan ket lai, kich liet tranh da'u de danh d o d e q u o c chii nghia Phap va tay sai de t u c u u m i n h T h o n g qua Bao Thanh nien la co quan n g o n l u a n t r u n g u o n g ciia H p i d o N g u y e n A i Quoc sang lap va p h a m Duong Kdch menh d u p e xuat ban n a m 1927 Bao Thanh nien va sach Duong Kdch menh da trang b j l i l u a n each m a n g cho can b p ciia H p i V i f t N a m Cach m a n g T h a n h nien de t u y e n t r u y e n giai cap cong nhan va cac tang l o p n h a n dan Vi?t N a m Tir cuoi n a m 1928, sau k h i c6 chii t r u o n g " v san hoa", n h i e u can b p ciia H p i da d i sau vao cac nha may, xi n g h i f p, d o n dien c i i n g lao d p n g va song v o i cong n h a n de t u y e n t r u y e n va v a n d p n g each m a n g Phong trao q u a n c h i i n g phat t r i e n m a n h m e b) Dang Tan Vi^t N g a y 14 - - 1925, m p t so t i i ehinh t r i cu T r u n g K i c u n g m p t n h o m sinh vien T r u o n g Cao d i n g H a N p i lap H p i Phuc Vi?t (1925) sau d o d o i t h a n h Hpi Hung Nam T h a n g - 1926, H p i d o i ten t h a n h V i ^ t N a m each m a n g d a n g va d e n t h a n g -1927, lai d o i ten la V i ^ t N a m each m a n g d o n g chi h p i H p i da nhieu Ian ban de h p p nha't v o i H p i V i f t N a m Cach m a n g T h a n h nien song k h o n g D e n 14 - - 1928, H p i h p p D a i h p i t ^ i Hue^ quyet d j n h d o i ten t h a n h D a n g Tan V i f t D a n g Tan Viet chii t r u o n g lanh dao quan c h i i n g t r o n g nuoc va lien lac v o i cac d a n tpc b j ap buc tren t h e ' g i o i de d a n h d o dequo'c c h i i nghia n h a m thiet lap m p t xa h p i b i n h dSng va bac D a n g tap h p p n h i i n g t r i thuc nho va nien tieu t u san yeu nuoc D j a ban hoat d p n g chii yeu T r u n g K i D a n g Tan Vi?t d o i va hoat d p n g t r o n g dieu k i f n H p i Vi?t N a m Cach m a n g T h a n h nien phat trien m a n h nen tu t u o n g each m ^ n g ciia N g u y e n A i 32 , 3,^ j Cong nhan, tri thiic, Mai, Ton Quang Phi?t Nhieu tang lop Nguyen Khac Nhu, Pho Due Chinh Tu san, tieu tu san, nien yeu nuoc gom tieu tu san, dja ehu, cong chuc, hoc binh Quoc va duong 161 cua Hpi c6 anh huang cuon hiit nhieu dang vien tre, tien tien aia Dang Tan Vi§t Mpt so' dang vien tien tien da chuyen sang Hpi Vi?t Nam Cach mang Thanh nien So dang vien tien tien lai thi tich cue chuan bi de tien tai lap mpt chinh dang theo tu tuong each m^ng ciia Nguyen Ai Quoc, cua hpc thuyet Mac - Lenin i c) Vift Nam Quoc dan dang Lyc lupng Nhiem vu Vi?t Nam Quoc dan dang duQ^c lap 25 -12 -1927 Hat nhan dau tien ciia Dang la Nam dong thu xa, mpt nha xuat ban tien bp Ph^m Tuah Tai lap dau nam 1927 Vi^t Nam Quoc dan dang Nguyen Thai Hpc, Pho Due Chinh sang lap la mpt chinh dang theo khuynh hudng each m^ing dan chii tu san, dai bleu cho tu san dan tpc Vi^t Nam Liic moi lap Dang chua c6 myc dich ton chi ro r|t ma chi neu chung chung la: "Truoc lam dan tpc each mang, sau lam the gioi each mang" Ban chuong trinh hanh dpng ctia Dang cong bo nam 1929 da neu nguyen tac ciia Dang la: "Tu - Binh dang - Bdc ai" Chuong trinh boat dpng cua Dang chia thoi ki euol cung la bat hpp tac v6i Chinh phii Phap va trieu dinh nha Nguyen, c6 dpng bai cong, danh duoi gi$c Phap, danh ngoi vua, thie't lap dan quyen Vift Nam Quoc dan dang chu truong tien hanh "each mang bang sat va mau", chu trpng lay lye lupng chii luc To chuc CO so cua Dang quan chiing rat it Dja ban hoat dpng cua Dang chi bo h§p mpt so'dja phuong Bac Ki Trung Ki khong dang ke * So sanh ba to chuc yeu nuoc each mang: Hpi Vi?t Nam Cach m^ng Dang Tan Vi?t mang Thanh nien hoat dpng denthang7-1929 Vift Nam quoc dan dang Tu thang - 1927 Tir thang 12 - 1927 den den dau 1930 cuoi nam 1929 Lanh d^o Nguyen Ai Quo'c vien Vi?t Truyen ba chu nghia Danh duoi thye Danh duoi de quoc, Mac - Lenin, dao tao dan Phap nhung xoa bo ngoi vua, can bp lam each mang chua thie't lap dan quyen CO duong loi ro ret Xu huong Lam each mang dan Phan hoa chii, lam each mang hai huang theo v6 san Di theo duong tu an nhung bj be tac, tan * Cac dieu ki#n dan toi vi?c l?p Vi?t Nam Quoc dan dang va nhung non vao Vi^t Nam, tieu bieu la anh huong chii nghia Tam dan eiia Ton Trung Son - Giiip cac dan tpc bj ap buc 1925 nguai Sau Chien tranh the gioi thu nha't, tu tuong each mang tu san tiep tyc dpi - Xay dyng nen dan chu true tiep Tu thang - linh - Dim kien lap: - Day manh each mang dan tpc Thoi gian sinh yeu aia to chuc ve chinh trj, tu tirong, to chuc va phuong thuc ho^t dpng Ve sau, myc dich ciia Dang la doan ket lye lupng de: Hpi Vi?t Nam Cach sinh, Tang lop tri thue Nguyin Thai hpc, tu san: Dgng Thai Pham Anh huong cua chuong trinh khai thac thupc dja Ian thii hai, giai cap tu san doi va cang phat trien Phong trao yeu nuoc theo khuynh huong dan ehii tu san nhung nam 1919 1925 phat trien manh me - Nhieng non yeu: ' Ve chinh tri, tu tuong quoc: Lay chii nghia Tam dan ciia Ton Trung Son, mpt trao luu dan chii tu san thjnh hanh Trung Quoc lam nen tang chinh trj, tu tuong; nhung nhiing nguyen tac, chinh sach eo tinh each mang da bj Ipai bo (Khau hi^u Binh quan dja quyen, chinh sach Lien Nga, lien Cpng phu trp cong nong) Ton chi, myc dich: Con chung chung, khong ro rang (nhSm danh duoi giSc Phap, danh ngoi vua, sau cung thie't lap dan quyen) Ve to chuc: Day la dang each mang theo khuynh huong dan chii tu san, tieu bieu cho bp phan tu san dan tpc Nguyen Thai Hpc, Pham Tuan Tai, Nguyen Kh^c Nhu va Pho Due Chinh sang l^p, chii truong xay dyng cap tir trung uong: Tong bp, Ki bp, Tinh bp den Chi bp eo so nhung chua bao gi6 tr6 h? tho'ng ca nuoc Tuan Tai, 35 Cty Thanh p h a n d a n g v i e n t r o n g V i f t N a m quo'c dan d a n g p h u c tap, ke't nap hoc sinh, sinh vien, cong chuc, t u san dan tpc, p h t i nong, than hao dia chu va ca m o t so b i n h h'nh n g u o i Viet t r o n g quan d p i Phap La m p t d a n g hoat d p n g b i mat n h u n g to chuc l o n g leo, k i luat thieu n g h i e m m i n h , ke't nap d a n g v i e n bua bai, t h y c dan Phap Ipi d u n g so h o d u a tay chan vao dang, theo d o i n a m bat m p i hoat d o n g cua d a n g va cha d j p tay dan ap P h u o n g t h i i c hoat d o n g : C h u t r u o n g bao d o n g v u trang, i t c h i i y den tuyen t r u y e n van d p n g q u a n c h i i n g K h o n g c6 co quan ngon l u a n hoac tai l i ^ u v a n kien chinh t h u c de giai thich ton chi, muc dich K h o n g c6 l i l u a n l a m co so cho d u o n g l o i va p h u o n g phap da'u tranh nen hoat d g n g thien ve q u a n sy, nang ve am sat ca nhan * N g u y e n n h a n c h u n g dan den qua t r i n h c h u y e n hoa ciia H p i V i ^ t N a m Cach m a n g T h a n h n i e n , s u p h a n hoa cua T a n V i # t , s y that b a i cua V i ^ t N a m Q u o c dan d a n g T u nua sau n h i i n g nam 20 cua the k i XX Vi^t N a m dien mot thuc te'ljch su: Q u a t r i n h t r u y e n ba chu nghla Mac - L e n i n va n h i i n g q u a n d i e m cua N g u y e n A i Quoc ve d u a n g 161 each m a n g tren lap t r u o n g v san a V i ^ t N a m d o H o i V i ^ t N a m Cach m a n g T h a n h nien tie'n hanh N h u n g c h i n h s u phat trien d o lai vug-t qua tam lanh dao cua H g i De dap u n g yeu cau t h u c tien each m a n g V i ^ t N a m liic nay, H p i Vi?t N a m Cach m a n g T h a n h nien da chuyen hoa hai to chuc C o n g san: D o n g D u o n g Cong san d a n g (6 -1929) va A n N a m Cpng san d a n g (8 -1929) C u n g chju anh h u o n g cang sau sac ciia d u o n g each m a n g v san, nen Tan Viet each m a n g d a n g c i i n g co su phan hoa: M o t bp p h a n tien tie'n ciia cau co ban cua dan tpc va ciia nhan dan V i ^ t N a m V i vay, d u o n g each mang v san, cac to chuc each m a n g tren lap t r u o n g v san d u p e quan c h i i n g nhan dan hau t h u a n cang chiem u u the'va da g i u vai tro chii dao t r o n g p h o n g trao each m a n g Vi?t N a m P h o n g trao d a u t r a n h ciia g i a i cap cong n h a n t r o n g n h i i n g n a m 1925 - 1929 E)|c d i e m va y n g h i a ciia no d o i v o i vi^c t h a n h l a p D a n g C p n g san V i ^ t N a m *Dien bien: C u o i n a m 1928, sau k h i co chii t r u o n g "v6 san hod", nhieu can bp H p i V i ^ t N a m Cach m a n g T h a n h nien d i vao cae nha may, h a m mo, d o n dien, c i i n g sinh hoat va lao d o n g v o i cong nhan de tuyen t r u y e n v a n d p n g each mang, nang cao y t h u c c h i n h t r j eho giai cap cong nhan Phong trao cong nhan phat trien mgnh, t r o n o n g cot ciia phong trao dan tpc t r o n g ca nuoc T r o n g hai n a m 1928 - 1929 da eo toi 40 eupc da'u tranh ciia cong n h a n no t^i cae t r u n g tam k i n h t e - c h i n h t r j D o la bai cong ciia cong n h a n m o than M a o Khe, nha m a y nuoc L a - r u y Sai Gon, d o n dien Lpe N i n h , nha m a y cua Ben T h i i y , nha m a y xi m a n g H a i Phong, nha may in Pooc-tay Sai Gon, d o n dien cao su Cam T i e m , hang dau N h a Be, nha may to N a m D j n h v v Cae eupe bai cong khong chi giai han mot pham v i mot xuong, mot dia phuong, mpt nganh ma da bat dau co su lien ke't phong trao chung C u n g v o i cac eupc bai cong ciia cong nhan, cac eupe da'u t r a n h ciia n o n g dan, tieu t h u o n g , tieu chii, hoc sinh c i i n g da dien a m p t so n o i Phong trao no lien tue, r p n g khap CO ban, k h o n g d u p e quan c h u n g l i n g hp D o la nguyen nhan dan den s u that bai cua khoi nghTa Yen Bai Viet N a m quo'c dan dang khoi x u o n g va lanh dao K h o i nghia Yen Bai that bai keo theo su tan cua Viet N a m quoc dan dang ^ T r o n g hai n a m 1926 -1927, da no 27 eupe da'u tranh eiia cong nhan lai sau tie'n den lap D o n g D u o n g cpng san lien d o a n N a m quo'c d a n d a n g k h o n g xay d y n g d u p e co so cua m i n h t r o n g cae giai cap Vift o Vi?t N a m C o n d u o n g each m a n g tren lap t r u o n g v san d a p u n g d u p e yeu * Dac diem: san D u o n g l o i each m a n g k h o n g dap u n g yeu cau cua dan tpc, d o vay Vi^t Khang Ciia N g u y e n A i Quo'c ve d u o n g giai p h o n g dan tpc tren lap t r u o n g v6 san Tan Viet da gia nhap vao H p i V i ^ t N a m Cach m a n g T h a n h nien; m o t bp p h a n To chuc Viet N a m Quoc dan dang theo xu h u o n g each m a n g dan chii t u TNHH MTV PWH '^ N h i e u nha may, x i nghi^p lap dupe Cong h p i Cae eupc da'u tranh da co s u p h o i hop kha chat ehe va eo su lanh dao ciia H p i V i ^ t N a m Cach m a n g Thanh nien K h a u hieu da'u t r a n h t u d o i quyen Ipi k i n h te chuyen sang d o i ca q u y e n Ipi chinh t r j *Y nghia: T u thuc t e d o , ta co the n i t nguyen nhan c h u n g dan den s u chuyen hoa Phong trao cong nhan phat trien m a n h me co anh h u o n g r p n g Ion t r o n g ciia H p i Vi?t N a m Cach m a n g Thanh nien, su phan hoa ciia Tan V i $ t va s u that toan quoc va t h u c s u t r o m p t luc l u p n g c h i n h t r j dpc lap, co sue t h u h u t bai r o i tan ciia V i ^ t N a m quo'c dan dang la: qua t r i n h t r u y e n ba chii nghla cae lue l u p n g xa hpi khae Mac - L e n i n vao Vi?t N a m , cung la qua t r i n h t u y e n t r u y e n n h i i n g q u a n d i e m 1A Su phat trien ciia p h o n g trao cong nhan da thiic day nhanh chong viee h i n h cac to ehiie cons san: D o n g D u o n g C p n g san dang; A n N a m C p n g san d a n g va D o n g D u o n g Cong san lien doan de den dau n a m 1930 lap Cong san dang, t h o n g qua T u y e n ngon, D i e u 1$ ciia Dang, bao Bua Hem l a m co D a n g C p n g san V i ^ t N a m quan n g o n l u a n va c u Ban Chap hanh T r u n g u o n g ciia D a n g K h o a n g thang -1929, cac can bp lanh dao tien tieh t r o n g T o n g bp va K i bp Q u a t r i n h p h a n hoa t u H p i V i ^ t N a m Cach m ? n g T h a n h n i e n d e n s y t h a n h H p i Vipt N a m Cach m a n g T h a n h nien N a m K i c u n g da quye't d j n h l^p An l a p D a n g C p n g skn V i ? t N a m t^am Cong san dang H p i V i ^ t N a m Cach m a n g T h a n h nien d u p e t h a n h lap t u thang - 1925, t ^ i M p t so d a n g v i e n tien tieh ciia Dang Tan Vipt cung tieh cvre v a n d p n g lap Q u a n g Chau - T r u n g Quoc, d o N g u y e n A i Quoc sang lap cac chi b p cpng san va xiic tien vipe ehuan b i lap D a n g C p n g san T h a n g - N a m 1928, H p i thyc hien chii t r u o n g " v san hoa", dua can bp ve nuoc hoat dpng phong trao cong nhan nham truyen ba chu nghla Mac - Lenin cho hp 1929, n h i r n g n g u o i cpng san t r o n g Tan Vipt t u y e n bo lap Dong K h i phong trao cong nhan phat trien manh me, yeu cau phai c6 chinh dang cua Ducmg Cong san lien doan giai cap v6 san lanh dao Vai tro ciia H p i Vi^t N a m khong phia hpp nCra c Y nghia T u do, H p i Viet N a m Cach m a n g Thanh nien phan hoa n h u sau: Dap u n g yeu cau khach quan ciia each mang giai phong dan tpc Vipt N a m + M p t so t h a n h vien ciia H p i B3c K i tien t o i l$p D o n g D u o n g Cpng C h u n g to s y Ion m a n h va kha nang each m a n g ciia p h o n g trao cong nhan san d a n g ( - 9 ) La s u ehuan b i true tie'p cho sy lap D a n g C p n g san Vipt N a m + M p t so t h a n h v i e n ciia H p i N a m K i va Q u a n g Chau - T r u n g Quoc tieh 5, D a n g C p n g san V i p t N a m t h a n h l?p t o i lap A n N a m C p n g san dang (8 - 1929) a Nguyen nhan dan tai Hoi nghj lap Dang Cpng san Vi?t Nam D e n n a m 1930, ca hai to chuc D o n g D u o n g C p n g san dang A n N a m Cpng N a m 1929, d o tac d p n g ciia chii nghia Mac - Lenin, p h o n g trao cong nhan san c u n g v o i D o n g D u o n g C p n g san lien doan h p p nha't lai D a n g Cpng phat trien m a n h , y thue giai cap, y thue chinh t r j cang ro rpt C i i n g v o i cac san V i ^ t N a m p h o n g trao dau t r a n h yeu nuoc khae, ke't m p t Ian song each m a n g dan H o a n canh l i c h su, q u a t r i n h t h a n h l ^ p va y n g h i a l } c h s u ciia s v xuat h i ^ n tpc, dan chii m a n h me, t r o n g d o giai cap cong nhan da t h y c s y t r o l y e cac to chuc c p n g san n a m 1929 l u p n g tien p h o n g T h y c tien d o d o i hoi cap thie't sy lanh dao t h o n g nha't, chat a Hoan canh lich sik che ciia m p t c h i n h d a n g ciia giai cap v6 san Cuoi n a m 1928 dau nam 1929, chii nghia Mac - Lenin dupe truyen ba sau rpng T r o n g k h i d o , d Vipt N a m da xuat hipn ba to chuc cpng san, ba to chuc vao V i f t N a m , tao dieu ki^n cho phong trao cong nhan phat trien manh me lai sinh m a u t h u a n , n h u tranh gianh dang vien, t r a n h g i a n h q u a n chiing, tranh gianh anh h u o n g , t h a m chi bai xich Ian l a m cho quan c h i i n g V a i tro lanh dao ciia H p i Vipt N a m Cach m a n g Thanh nien k h o n g p h u k h o n g bie't theo sy l a n h dao ciia to chuc nao T i n h h i n h cang keo dai, h p p nua, can c6 c h i n h dang v6 san lanh dao de d u a p h o n g trao phat trien h Qua trinh cang bat I p i cho each m a n g lap C u o i thang - 1929, v o i su nhay cam ve c h i n h t r j , m p t so'hpi v i e n tien tieh T r u o c t i n h h i n h ay, d u p e sy uy n h i p m ciia Quoc te cpng san, N g u y e n A i ciia H p i V i ^ t N a m Cach m a n g Thanh nien Bac K i h p p tai so nha D p h o H a m Quoc da trieu tap H p i nghj g o m cac dai bieu ciia cac to chuc cpng san de ban L o n g (Ha N p i ) lap C h i bp cpng san dau tien V i ^ t N a m g o m c6 d a n g vien vipe h p p nha't t h a n h m p t Dang, tai C u u L o n g , canh H u o n g Cang ( T r u n g Quoc) C h i bp m o r p n g cupc v a n d p n g de lap m p t d a n g cpng san n h a m thay the t u - den - -1930 Sang lap D a n g C p n g san Vipt N a m la cong lao to Ion ciia N g u y e n A i cho H p i Vipt N a m Cach m a n g Thanh nien Tir den - - 1929, Dai hpi Ian t h i i nha't ciia H p i Vipt N a m Quo'e d o l v o i dan tpc va giai cap Cach m a n g T h a n h nien h p p tai H u o n g Cang Tai D a i h p i , doan dai bieu Bac K i b Ngi dung Hpi nghj lap d|t van de lap Dang Cpng san de thay the H p i Vipt N a m Cach mang N g u y e n A i Quoc da phe p h a n nhCrng quan d i e m sai l a m ciia m o i to chuc Thanh nien, song khong dupe dai hpi chap nhan nen da bo dai hpi ve nuoc cpng san rieng re va neu ro ehuong t r i n h ciia H p i n g h i N g a y - - 1929 dai bieu cac to chiic co so cpng san m i e n BSc hpp dai h p i tai nha so 312 p h o K h a m Thien, H a N p i , quye't d j n h lap Dong Dang Duong i H p i nghj da thao l u a n va nha't t r i t h o n g nha't cac to chuc cpng san m p t D a n g d u y nha't la'y ten la D a n g Cpng san Vipt N a m , t h o n g qua c h i n h c u o n g 39 v3n tat, sach luge vSn tat ciia Dang Nguyen A i Quo'c soan thao Do la cuong ITnh each mang dau tien eua Dang Nhan djp Dang doi, Nguyen A i Quoe loi keu gpi eong nhan, nong dan, binh linh, nien, hgc sinh, anh chj em bj ap biic boc Ipt Hpi nghj hp-p nhat cac to chue epng san Vi^t Nam mang tarn voc Ijch sir ciia mpt dai hoi lap Dang c Ynghia lap Dang Dang Cong san Viet Nam dai la ke't qua tat yeu eua cupc dau tranh dan tpe va giai cap ciia nhan dan Vi^t Nam Dang la san pham ciia sy ke't hop chu nghla Mac - Lenin voi phong trao eong nhan va phong trao yeu nuoc Viet Nam thoi dai moi Vi^c lap Dang la mpt bude ngoat vT dai Ijch su Vi^t Nam Tu day, each mang giai phong dan tpe eua nhan dan Vi?t Nam da dat duoi sy lanh dao nhat eua Dang Cong san Vi^t Nam, mpt Dang theo hpc thuyet Mac - Lenin va t u tuong Ho Chi Minh, c6 duang 161 each mang khoa hpc sang tao CO to chuc chat che, c6 dpi ngij can bp dang vien kien trung nguy^n suot doi hi sinh cho li tuong eua Dang, la mpt nhan to' thang Ipi eiia each mang Cuang link chinh tri dau tien ciia Dang Cong san Viet Nam Ngui/en Ai Quoc soan thao vdn tSt song day la mpt citcmg linh giai phong dan toe sang tao, sam kei hap dung dan vevah dedan toe va giai cap Doc lap va tu la tu tuong chit yeu cua cuang ITnh b Tinh dung dan, sang tao: Tinh dung din the hi?n: nhirng npi dung eua Cuong ITnh rat diing vai cac quan diem ciia chu nghTa Mae - Lenin va thyc tien Viet Nam Ngay t u dau Dang ta da tha'u su6't dudng phat trien tat yeu ciia each mang V i f t Nam, la eon duang ke't hop va giuong cao ngpn eo doc lap dan tpe va chii nghTa xa hpi Chinh vi vay, duong loi da dua each mang Viet Nam di t u th3ng ipi den thang Ipi khac va thang Ipi hoan toan Tinh sang tao the hi^n: nhirng quan diem ciia ehii nghTa Mae - Lenin dupe Nguyen A i Quo'c van dung sang tao vao hoan canh Vi^t Nam, vi nhu Cuong ITnh ke't hop diing d i n van de dan tpe va giai cap, doe lap dan tpe la tu tuong ehii yeu Ve lye lupng each mang, Cuong ITnh da the hi^n dupe van de doan ke't dan tpe rpng rai de danh duoi ke thu Dieu rat diing vai hoan canh mpt nuoc thupe dja nhu Viet Nam Dang dai la su chuan bj tat yeu dau tien c6 tfnh quye't dmh cho nhiing buae phat trien nhay vpt moi Ijch su dan tpe Vi^t Nam N p i dung Chinh cuong vin tit, Sach lug^c vSn tat ciia Dang Cpng san Vif t Nam T i n h dung dan va sang t^o cua Cuong l i n h chinh tr\ Chinh cuong vin tit, sach lupc vin tat la cuong ITnh chinh trj dau tien ciia Dang Tuy vin tat nhung no la Cuong ITnh each mang giai phong dan tpe diing dan va sang tao, nhuan nhuyen ve quan diem giai cap, tha'm dupm tinh dan tpe va nhan van Doe lap t y la tu tuong cot loi ciia cuong ITnh a Npi dung: * Dang Cpng san V i f t Nam doi la san pham lich su cupc dau tranh yeu Tai Hpi nghj lap Dang Cpng san V i f t Nam (6 - - 1930), cac dai bieu da thao luan va th6ng qua Chinh cuong van tat, Sach lupc van tat ciia Dang Nguyen A i Quo'c soan thao Do la cuong ITnh each mang dau tien ciia Dang nuoc ciia nhan dan V i ^ t Nam ba thap nien dau the k i XX Dang Cpng san Vi^t Nam doi la ke't qua tat yeu ciia cupc dau tranh dan tpe va giai ca'p ciia nhan dan Viet Nam ba thap nien dau the'ki XX Cuong ITnh xac djnh duang 161 chie'n lupc each mang Dang la tien hanh cupc " t u san dan quyen each mang va tho dja each mang de di toi xa hpi epng san" Trong ba thap nien dau the'ki XX, thuc dan Phap tien hanh khai thac thupc dja Ian thii hai Viet Nam, ciing voi qua trlnh khai thac ciia thyc dan Phap N h i f m vu ciia each mang la danh de'quoe Phap, bpn phong kien va t u lam xua't hien nhOng mau thuan xa hpi Viet Nam, mau than eo ban nhat san phan each mang lam cho nuoc Vi^t Nam dupe doc lap t u do; lap chinh phu la, mau thuan giOa toan the dan tpe Viet Nam voi thyc dan Phap va mau eong nong binh; to chue quan dpi c6ng n6ng, tjch thu he't san nghifp Idn cua thuan giOa giai cap n6ng dan Vi^t Nam vai bpn dja ehii phong kien tay sai De de'quoe, tjch thu rupng dat cua de quo'c va bpn phan each mang chia cho dan giai quye't cac mau thuan do, nhan dan ta da dung len chong thyc dan Phap va cay ngheo, tien hanh each mang rupng dat v.v phong kien tay sai Cupc dau tranh dien manh me, quye't li^t ba thap HI! Lye lupng each mang la eong nong, tieu t u san, tri thuc Con phii nong, trung tieu dja ehii va t u ban thl Ipi dung hoae trung lap, dong thoi phai lien lac nien dau the'ki XX la: Thu nhat, phong trao dau tranh dan tpe theo khuynh hudng dan ehii t u san, voi cac dan tpe bj ap bue va v6 san the'gioi giai cap tu san dan tpe va tang lop tieu tu san khoi xuong va lanh dao Dang Cpng san Viet Nam, dpi tien phong ciia giai cap v6 san se g i u vai tro lanh d?o each m^ng , , il Phong trao the hi^n tinh than yeu nuae, y thiic dan tpe eiia giai cap tu san va tang lop tieu t u san Dae bi^t la cac phong trao dau tranh tang lop tieu t u san khai xuong va lanh dao da loi keo dugc dong dao cac tang lop nhan dan tham gia Nhung cuoi cung cac phong trao da'u tranh theo khuynh huong dan chii t u san nhung nam 1919 - 1925 deu bi that bai bi khiing hoang ve duong 161 each mang Chinh t u phong trao dat yeu cau cap thiet cho each mang Viet Nam muon da'u tranh gianh thang loi phai c6 chinh dang cua giai cap v6 san voi duong 16'i each mang dung dan sang tao Thii hai, phong trao da'u tranh giai cap, chinh la cac cupc da'u tranh cua giai cap cong nhan Vi?t Nam nhung nam 1919 - 1929 Trong nhung nam 1919 - 1925, phong trao da'u tranh cua cong nhan Vi^t Nam chu yeu doi cac quyen Ipi ve kinh te'nen mang tinh t u phat Sang nhCrng nam 1926 - 1929, chu nghla Mac - Lenin dupe truyen ba sau rpng vao Vipt Nam nen phong trao da chuyen sang da'u tranh t u giac Khi phong trao da'u tranh ciia cong nhan cang phat trien, no dat yeu cau phai c6 chinh dang cua giai cap v6 san lanh dao de tie'p tuc dua phong trao tie'n len Vi vay, phong trao cong nhan chinh la co so xa hpi va dieu kipn co ban de dan den sy lap Dang Cpng san Vipt Nam .jt, N h u vay, phong trao da'u tranh yeu nuoc cua nhan dan ta ba thap nien dau the ki XX, la phong trao dan tpc theo khuynh huong dan chii t u diem chu nghla Mac - Lenin Nho ta bie't xay d y n g va sir dyng hai lye lupng chinh trj, vu trang de tie'n hanh khoi nghla Dang doi xay dyng dupe ban dong minh moi Dang doi lam cho each mang Vipt Nam tro mpt bp phan khang kbit ciia thegioi Nho vay, tir (Jen nay, ta da tranh thu dupe sy dong tinh va iing hp to Ion ciia cac lye lupng caeh mang the g i a i , tao nen sire manh tong hpp de chien thang mpi ke thu Vi nhirng le Dang Cpng san Vipt Nam doi da mo mpt buoc ngoat Ijeh sir vT dai cho each mang Viet Nam * Vai tro eiia Nguyen A i Quoc: Trye tie'p to chire va chu tri Hpi nghj lap Dang Cpng san Vipt Nam t^i Huong Cang - Trung Qu6'e vao - -1930 Phe phan nhirng hanh dpng thie'u thong nha't ciia cac to chiirc cpng san nuoc vipe tranh gianh quyen lanh dao, tranh gianh quan ehiing, tranh gianh dang vien D|t yeu cau cap thiet phai hpp nha't cac to ehue cpng san de d i den l^p Dang Cpng san Vipt Nam Viet va th6ng qua Chinh cuong van tat, Saeh lupc v3n tat, Dieu Ip vMn tat san va phong trao cong nhan Hai phong trao la co so xa hpi va dieu kipn Do chinh la Cuong ITnh chinh trj dau tien cua Dang da vach nhiing net co quyet dinh de dan den su lap Dang Cpng san Vipt Nam ban ve duong 161 chien lupc va saeh lupc cho each mang Vipt Nam Dang Cpng san Vipt Nam doi mo mpt buoc ngoat v6 cung quan trpng Ijch su dan tpc Vipt Nam Vai tro cua Nguyen A i Quoc H p i nghj De ke'hoaeh de cac to chiic cpng san ve nuoc xiic tie'n vipe hpp nha't, roi di den lap Dang Cpng san Vipt Nam lap Dang Dang doi da vach duong 161 chien lupc cho each mgng Duong 161 la: Truoc lam each mang dan tpc dan chu roi sau tie'n thang len chii nghla xa hpi bo qua giai doan phat trien che dp t u ban chii nghla T u each mang Vipt Nam eha'm dut su khiing hoang ve duong 161 va co sy lanh dao dung dan de d i den thang Ipi Dang doi, xay dung dupe mpt lue lupng moi cho each mang ma chii yeu la lien minh e6ng nong Dang doi de hai khau hipu chien lupc la: "Dpc lap dan tpc" va "Rupng dat dan cay" Hai khau hipu dap ung dupe nguypn vpng cua da so'nhan dan, nha't la n6ng dan Do do, 16i eu6'n dupe d6ng dao n6ng dan di theo each mang, xay dung dupe khol lien minh e6ng n6ng, t^o dupe mpt nhan toco ban nua, dam bao thSng Ipi cho each mang Vipt Nam Dang doi vach dupe phuong phap each mang dung dan Do la dung phuong phap da'u tranh each mang bang bao lue ciia quan chiing theo quan cAu H6I ON TAP Cau Trinh bay npi dung cupc khai thae thupc dia Ian t h u hai ciia thye dan Phap D6ng Duong va phan tich anh huong ciia no d61 voi sy phan hoa giai cap xa hpi Vipt Nam tir nam 1919 den nam 1929 Cau Phan tieh thai dp chinh trj va kha nang each mang cua cac giai cap va tang lop o Vipt Nam sau Chien tranh thegioi thir nha't Van de da dupe de Cuong llnh ehinh tri dau tien eiia Dang Cpng san Vipt Nam (3 - - 1930) nhu thenao? Cau Lap bang so sanh cupc khai thae thupc dia Ian nha't (1897 - 1914) voi cupc khai thae Ian thu hai 1919 - 1929) eiia thye dan Phap Vipt Nam ve hoan canh Ijeh sir, mye dieh, npi dung, hp qua va tac dpng den kinh te^ xa hpi Vipt Nam Cau Trinh bay nhirng tien de dan den phong trao each mang giai phong dan tpc Vipt Nam sau Chien tranh thegioi thir nha't Sy vuon len va trien vpng cua cac khuynh huong each mang lue ? 43 Cdu Tit cupc khai thac thuoc dja Ian t h i i nha't va Ian t h u hai cua thuc dan Phap D o n g D u o n g H a y neu nhan xet ciia anh (chi) ve sy tac d p n g cua no do! v d i k i n h te'va d o i song xa hoi Vi|t N a m Cau N e u m p t bien chuyen Ion nha't cuoc khai thac thupc dja cua thuc dan Phap D o n g D u o n g Tac d u n g cua bien chuyen do v o i s u nghi^p giai p h o n g d a n tpc a n u o c ta Cau A n h (chj) hay giai thich v i ngoai hai giai cap cong nhan va nong dan, cac giai cap, tang l o p khac o Viet N a m cCing c6 the van dong, l o i cuon ho Cdu 17 T r i n h bay n h i i n g co'ng hie'n ciia N g u y e n A i Quoc d o i v o i ijch sir dan tpc ta tir n a m 1911 den n a m 1945 Phan tich m p t cong hien ma anh (chi) cho rang noi bat nha't Cdu 18 T r i n h bay n h i r n g m a t tich cue va han che ciia cac p h o n g trao dau tranh yeu nuoc va dan chu cong khai n h i r n g n a m 1919 -1925 Cdu 19- Lap bang so sanh ba to chuc yeu nude each m a n g ( H g i Vi?t N a m Cach m a n g T h a n h nien D a n g Tan Vi?t va V i f t N a m Quo'c dan dang) theo yeu cau sau day: Hpi VNCMTN t h a m gia each m a n g Cau N h O n g cuoc van d o n g cuu nuoc cua cac bac tien boi da de lai n h u n g Thai gian bai hpc k i n h n g h i e m gi? N g u y e n A i Quoc tiep t h u n h i r n g bai hpc d o n h u the hoat d o n g nao t r o n g qua t r i n h t i m d u o n g c u u nuoc ciia m i n h Lanh dao T a n Vi^t C M dang V N Q D dang Cdu C h u t r u o n g c u u nuoc ciia N g u y e n A i Quoc c6 n h i r n g d i e m g i go'ng va khac v o i cac bac tien boi Lye Cdu 10 H a y chon loc va t r i n h bay d o n g gop to Ion nha't ciia lanh t u N g u y e n A i Quoc t r o n g 20 n a m dau cua the'ki XX L i giai s u lua chpn do? Cdu 11 Hoan canh d o i , t u tuong chieh luge, sach luge each mang giai phong dan tgc va y nghla eiia tac pham Dumg kach menh cua N g u y e n A i Quoc Cdu 12 C h u nghla Mac - Lenin dugc t r u y e n ba vao Viet N a m bang eon d u o n g boat d o n g ciia to chiic each m a n g nao? H o a t d o n g ciia to chue each m a n g dien n h u thenao? Cdu 13 Su chuyen hoa eiia to ehiic H g i Viet N a m Cach m a n g nien Tan Vi^t Cach m a n g d a n g va Viet N a m Quoc dan dang d i e n n h u the nao? Cdu 14 Qua t r i n h chuyen t u t u phat sang t u giac eiia p h o n g trao cong nhan Vi^t N a m t r o n g n h i r n g n a m 1919 - 1929 dien n h u the nao? Yeu to nao giir lugng Nhif m vu Xu h u o n g Cdu 20 Qua Hch sir Viet N a m tir 1858 den truac 1930, hay e h u n g m i n h : - Sy k h u n g hoang ve d u o n g loi cuu nuoc ciia cac bac tien b o i - Cong lao ciia N g u y e n Ai Quoc vi^e t i m d u o n g cuu nuoc d i i n g dan Cdu 21 Phan tich n h i r n g cong lao to Ion cua N g u y e n A i Quoc d o i v o i sy chuan bj tien t o i lap D a n g Cong san Vi^t N a m n a m 1930 Cdu 22 T r i n h bay va phan tich ba yeu to dan den sy l?p D a n g Cgng vai tro eo ban nha't cho s u chuyen hoa Cdu 15 V i hoat d o n g cua H g i V i f t N a m Cach m a n g nien va Tan Vi^t Cach m a n g dang da eo tac d u n g thiic day p h o n g trao cong nhan phat trien san Vi?t N a m Cdu 23 Qua t r i n h dau tranh giai cap va dau tranh d a n tgc d a n den s u lap D a n g C o n g san V i ^ t N a m dien n h u the nao? tir t y phat sang t u giac Cdu 16 L a p bang so sanh ve cac to ehirc chinh tr| ciia giai cap v6 san, tieu t u Cdu 24 Phan tich n h i r n g u u d i e m noi bat ciia C y o n g ITnh c h i n h t n dau tien "luge d o n g chi N g u y e n A i Quoc t r i n h bay tai H g i nghj lap D a n g T e n to chiic T h a i gian Q u a trinh lap hoat dpng Xu huong Ket qua Cdu 25 T r i n h bay va phan tich ngi d u n g eo ban eiia C y o n g l l n h chinh t r j dau tien ciia D a n g d o d o n g chi N g u y e n A i Quoc k h o i thao N h i ? m v u cua each " l a n g Vi^t N a m neu t r o n g C u o n g l l n h da dugc ap d y n g n h u the nao thai kicach m a n g 1930-1945? Cdu 26 Yi n o i rang Dang Cong san V i f t N a m d o i m o m o t budc •^goat v ciing quan trgng Hch sir dan tpc V i ^ t Nam? Vai tro ciia N g u y e n Quoc d o i v o i H p i nghj lap Dang Chuy§n de 2: Mau thuan xa hpi cang sau s3c, c6 hai mau thuan ca ban la V I E T N A M TIT N A M D ^ N N A M mau thuan giira dan tpc Vi^t Nam voi thuc dan Phap va mau thuan giiia nong I PHONG T R A O C A C H MANG 1930 - 1931 Tac dpng cua tinh hinh the gjoi den Vif t Nam sau Chien tranh the gjoi thu nhat dan voi dia chii phong kien, chii yeu la mau thuan giCra dan tpc Vi$t Nam voi thuc dan Phap va tay sai phan dpng Sau Chien tranh the gioi thu nhat, cac nuoc de quo'c thang tran da ciing Phong trao each mang 1930 -1931 phan chia lai the gioi, thiet lap mpt trat tv hoa binh, an ninh men a Nguyen nhan bung no: Hau qua cua chien tranh, khiing hoang kinh te cac nuoc tu ban chu nghia * Vekinh te: va anh huong cua cupc each mang thang Muoi Nga (thang 11 -1917) Do bj dequoc va phong kien ap biic boc lot nang ne, them vao tu 1929 -1933, Giai cap cong nhan cac nuoc da lap nhimg to chuc rieng cua minh the gioi lai dien cupc khiing hoang kinh te ciia chii nghia tu ban, lam cho dai Cac dang cpng san cac nuoc tu ban chii nghia, cac nuoc thupc dja va nira song ciia nhan dan ta von da khon kho cang them khon kho Mau thuan xa hpi thupc dja Ian lupt doi cang gay gat, khien cho nhan dan ta nhan thay chi mpt duong viing Quoc teCpng san (Quoc te thu ba) dupe lap Mat-xco-va (thang - len dau tranh chong ach ap biie boc Ipt ciia thye dan, phong kien, thoat khoi 1919) dam nhan su menh tap hpp va lanh dao phong trao each mang v6 san va cupc dai trau ngua phong trao giai phong dan tpc cac nuoc tren the gioi * Ve chink tri: Cac dieu ki^n khach quan cua the gioi da tac dpng Ion den su phat trien Dau nam 1930, cupc khoi nghia Yen Bai oia Vi?t Nam Quoc dan dang biing cua phong trao giai phong dan tpc Vi^t Nam Thyc trang kinh te - xa hpi Vi?t Nam nhung nam khung hoang kinh no va that bai Loi dung co hpi bpn de quoc tien hanh khiing bo trang doi te the giai 1929-1933 voi each mang Hang nghin nguoi bj bat, tra tan, tu day Tmh hinh lam cho khong chinh trj d Dong Duong von da cang thang lai cang them cang thing - Thuc trang kinh te: * Dang Cong san Viet Nam dai: Tu nam 1930, kinh te Viet Nam buoc vao thoi ki suy thoai La mpt nuoc Cung vao dau nam 1930, Dang Cpng san Vi#t Nam dai, de ta hai khau nong nghiep Liia gao bj syt gia Rupng dat bo hoang nam 1930 la 200.000ha, hi?u chien lupc: "Dpc lap dan tpc"va "Rupng dat dan cay" Hai khau hi§u nam 1933 la SOO.OOOha San xuat cong nghiep bi suy giam Nam 1929 tong gia trj san lupng khai da dap ling nguy^n vpng dai da so nhan dan, nhat la nong dan Dang da kjp khoang cua Dong Duong la 18 tri^u dong, nam 1933 chi 10 tri^u dong thai lanh dao nhan dan ta dau tranh chong dequoc Phap va phong kien tay sai Trong thuong nghiep, xuat nhap khau dinh don Hang hoa khan hiem, gia ca gianh dpc lap, tu dat Tu ba nguyen nhan ay dan toi su biing no phong trao each mang 1930 - H^u qua cua cupc khiing hoang kinh te o Vi^t Nam rat nang ne so vai cac 1931 nuoc ta Trong ba nguyen nhan tren, Dang doi va lanh dao la nguyen thupc dja khac ciia Phap ciing nhu so vdi cac nuoc khu vyc nhan ca ban nhat, quye't dinh sy bung no phong trao - Thuc trang xa hoi: b Dien bien cua phong trao: Nhieu cong nhan bj sa thai Cupc song ciia thp thuyen cang kho khan IV- Trong bol eanh ciia eupe khiing hoang kinh te va phong trao each mang Nong dan phai chiu canh thue'cao, vay np nang lai, nong pham lam phai dang cao, sau doi Dang Cpng san Vi^t Nam dai kjp thai lanh ban gia Rupng dat bj dia chii nguoi Phap va nguoi Vi^t chiem doat Hp bj dgo phong trao dau tranh ciia quan chiing cong - nong khSp ea nuoc ban cung hoa Trong thang - 1930, no cupc dau tranh ciia cong nhan, nong dan va cac Cac tang lop nhan dan lao dpng khac nhu tieu thuong, tieu chii, vien chuc, tang lop lao dpng khac Tieu bieu la cupc bai cong ciia cong nhan don dien cao tri thuc nho va mpt so tu san dan tpc cung khong tranh khoi tac dpng xau ciia khiing hoang kinh te Cac nghe thii cong bj pha san, nha buon nho phai dong cira, vien chuc bj sa thai, hpc sinh truong khong c6 vi?c Mpt so dong tu san dan tpc cung gap nhieu kho khan kinh doanh su Phii Rieng, Dau Tieng • Thang va - 1930, dien cupc dau tranh ciia cong nhan nha may spi Nam Djnh, nha may diem Ben Thuy M y c tieu d a u tranh la d o i cai t h i f n d o i song Cong nhan d o i tang l u o n g , Vevan hod - xa hoi, xoa bo cac te nan xa h p i cu n h u me t i n , d i doan, te r u p u g i a m g i o l a m N o n g dan d o i giam suu, giam thue Ben canh do, c u n g xuat h i ^ n j-he, CO bac, t r p m cap Trat t u t r i an dupe g i u v i r n g T i n h than doan ket, g i i i p nhCrng khau hieu c h i n h t r i Thang 5, tren p h a m v i ca nuoc b u n g no nhieu cupc d a u t r a n h nhan Quo'c te'lao d o n g 1-5 Tir thang den thang n a m 1930, ca nuoc c6 121 cupc dau tranh, t r o n g d o cong nhan c6 22 cupc, n o n g dan c6 95 cupc, cac tang l o p khac c6 cupc Cac cupc dau tranh danh dau buoc ngoat ciia p h o n g trao each m a n g L a n dau tien, cong nhan Viet N a m bleu tinh k i n i ? m Quo'c te lao d p n g , dau tranh d o i q u y e n I p i cho nhan dan lao d p n g t r o n g n u o c va the h i ^ n tinh doan ket each m a n g v o i nhan dan lao d p n g the g i o i Sang thang 9, p h o n g trao dau tranh dang cao, nha't la hai t i n h N g h $ A n va H a T i n h N h i i n g cupc bieu t i n h ciia n o n g dan (c6 v u trang t u ve) v o i hang n g h i n n g u o i t h a m gia keo den h u y ^ n I j , tinh Ij d o i g i a m s u u , g i a m thue a cac h u y e n N a m Dan, T h a n h C h u o n g , Dien Chau, A n h Son, N g h i Lpc, H u n g N g u y e n , D o L u o n g (Nghe A n ) , Can Lpc, Thach H a , C a m X u y e n , K i A n h (Ha Tinh) Cac cupc dau tranh dupe cong nhan V i n h - Ben T h u y h u o n g u n g H e t h o n g c h i n h q u y e n thue dan, p h o n g kien bj te l i ^ t , tan n h i e u h u y ^ n , xa N h i e u ten t r i h u y f n, l i t r u o n g bo tron hoac dau thang T r o n g t i n h h i n h do, nhieu cap u y D a n g d t h o n xa lanh dao nhan dan d u n g l a m ehii v a n m f n h ciia m i n h , t u quan l i d o i song chinh t r j , k i n h ie, van hoa, xa h p i dia p h u a n g , l a m chue nang ciia c h i n h quyen, ma t r o n g Ijch s i i gpi la X6 viet N g h ^ - T i n h c Su doi va hoat dgng cua Xd viei Nghe - Tinh Tai N g h e A n , X6 viet d o i sau cac cupc bieu t i n h t u thang - 1930 cac xa h u y e n T h a n h C h u o n g , N a m Dan, m o t p h a n h u y ^ n A n h Son, N g h i Lpc, H u n g N g u y e n , D i e n Chau H a T i n h , X6 viet h i n h t h a n h cac xa thupc h u y ^ n Can Lpc, N g h i Xuan, H u o n g Khe vao cuoi n m 1930, dau n a m 1931 Cac x6 viet da to chiic, lanh dao quan c h i i n g l a m cae vi^c sau day: Ve chinh trj, q u a n ehiing dupe t u d o t h a m gia hoat d p n g t r o n g cac doan the each m a n g , t u d o h o i hop Cae d p i t u v ^ va toa an nhan d a n d u p e lap t r o n g nhan d a n d u p e xay d u n g X6 viel Nghe - Tinh la dinh cao ciia phong trao each mang 1930 -1931 va la nguSn co'vH mqnh me quan chiing nhan dan ca nuac d Ynghia lich sivd bai hoc kinh nghiem ciia phong trao each mang 1930 -1931 Phong trao k h a n g d j n h d u o n g 16'i d i i n g d a n ciia D a n g , q u y e n lanh dao ciia giai cap cong nhan d o i v o i each m a n g cac nuoc D o n g D u o n g T u p h o n g trao, kho'i lien m i n h cong - n o n g h i n h thanh, cong n h a n va n o n g dan da doan ket v o i t r o n g dau tranh each m a n g Phong trao each m a n g 1930 -1931 d u p e d a n h gia cao t r o n g p h o n g trao epng san va cong n h a n quo'c te Quo'c te Cpng san da cong nhan D a n g Cpng san Dong D u o n g la bp phan doe lap true thupc Quo'c t e C p n g san Phong trao each m a n g 1930 - 1931 da de lai cho D a n g ta nhieu bai hpe k i n h nghi?m q u y bau: + Bai hpe ve cong tae t u t u o n g t r o n g D a n g va t r o n g q u a n c h i i n g each mang + Bai hpe ve xay d u n g khoi lien m i n h cong nong va mat tran dan tpc thong nha't + Bai hpe ve vai tro to ehiie va lanh dao quan c h i i n g ciia D a n g + Bai hpe ve s i i d u n g bao luc each m a n g de g i a n h c h i n h q u y e n va xay d y n g chinh q u y e n theo h i n h thiic X6 viet e Phong trao each mang 1930 -1931 Cdch mang thang Tdm la cugc dien tap dau tien chuan bj cho 1945 Phong trao each m a n g 1930 - 1931 chi d i e n t r o n g m p t t h d i gian n g i n nhung CO y nghla Jich s i i to i o n : N o khang d j n h d u o n g 16'i d i i n g dan ciia Dang, q u y e n lanh d a o ciia giai cap cong nhan d o i v o i each m a n g cac nuoc D o n g D u o n g T u p h o n g trao, kho'i lien m i n h cong - n o n g h i n h thanh, cong n h a n va nong dan da doan ket v o i t r o n g dau tranh each m a n g Phong trao the hien sue m a n h ciia cong - n o n g d u d i s u lanh d a o ciia D a n g Phong trao each m a n g 1930 -1931 dupe d a n h gia cao t r o n g p h o n g trao cpng !J va cong nhan quo'c te Quo'c t e C p n g san da cong nhan D a n g Cpng san 'ng D u o n g la bp p h a n doc lap true thupe Quo'c te'Cpng san Ve'kinh te, t h i hanh cae bien phap tjch t h u r u p n g dat cong, tien liia cong chia Phong trao each m a n g 1930 - 1931 da de lai cho D a n g ta nhieu bai hpe k i n h cho dan cay ngheo; bai bo thue than, thue'ehp, thue'do, t h u e ' m u o i , xoa no cho •^ghifm q u y bau ve cong tac t u t u o n g , ve xay d u n g k h o i lien m i n h cong nong n g u o i ngheo, chii t r p n g d3p de p h o n g lut, tu sua cau cong, d u o n g giao thong; mat tran dan tpc t h o n g nha't, ve to chiic va lanh dao q u a n c h i i n g dau tranh lap cac h i n h thiic to chiic san xuat de nong dan g i i i p d o n h a u * ^hinh VI vqy, phong trao cdch mang 1930 - 1931 Id cuoc dien tap dau tien chuan bi W> Cdch mang thang Tdm 1945 Phap xam lupc va mau thuan giua nhan dan lao dpng, chii yeu la nong dan voi dia chii phong ki&h, mau thuan CO ban nhat la mau thuan giira dan tpc Vi^t Nam voi thye dan Phap N p i dung co ban cua Luan cuong chinh tri thang 10 - 1930 ciia E)ing Cpng skn Dong Duong, l / u diem va h?n che cua Lu^n cuong So sanh npi dung Cuong l i n h chinh t r i dau tien cua DAng voi Lu^n cuong chinh t i i nam 1930 a Nqi dung Luan cucmg xac djnh nhihig van de chien lugrc va sach lugfc aia each mang Dong Duong Cach mang Dong Duong liic dau la CUQC each mang t u san dan quyen, sau d6 se tiep tyc phat trien, bo qua thoi ki t u ban ehii nghia, tien thiuig len eon duong xa hpi, ehu nghia Tinh chat Lam each mang t u san dan Cach mang Dong Duong la Hai nhi^m vy chien lupc cua each mang la danh phong kien va danh de quo'e, CO quan h^ khang khit voi each quyen va each mang tho dja each mang t u san dan quyen, m?ng de tien len chii nghia cpng san, hai giai doan ke tiep Dpng lure each mang la giai cap v6 san va nong dan khong C O buc Lanh dgo each m^ng la giai cap v6 san voi dpi tien phong aia no la Dang Cpng san Lu^n cuong chinh trj ciing neu ro hinh thue va phucmg phap dau tranh, ve moi quan h$ giua each m^ng Vi$t Nam va each mang the gioi tuong ngan each sau th^ng Ipi tien thSng len chii nghia xa hpi khong qua giai do?n phat trien t u ban chu nghia Hoan thang Ipi giai dogn moi lam tiep giai dogn khae b iXu diem va han che - LTM diem: Ke thii Xac djnh de quoc Phap, vua Xac djnh de quoc va phong ciia each quan phong kien va t u san kien, khong phan bi^t giai cap Lu^n cuong xac djnh dupe nhi^m vu chien luge, sach lupe cua each mgng m^ng phan each mang, da xac dinh phong kien co bp ph§n tien ke thii ro rang khong phai la bp, khong de c|p den giai cap toan bp phong kien va t u san tusanm^iban Dong Duong V^ch eon duong dau tranh giai phong giai cap va dan tpc Thay dupe nhan to quyet djnh mpi thang Ipi cua each mang Dong Duong la vai tro lanh dao cua Dang Biet dat each mang Vi^t Nam moi quan h^ voi Lyelupng Giai cap eong nhan, nong dan Chi gom cong nhan, nong dan each mgng the gioi each la dpng lye, la go'c eiia each khong de c|p den eac giai cap mgng mgng can phai lien minh voi khae: t u san dan tpc, tieu t u giai cap tieu t u san, t u san dan san, trung nong va dia chii - Han che: Lu^n cuong c6 nhung m^t hgn ehe^ nhu chua neu dupe mau thuan chu tpc, trung tieu dja chii yeu cua xa hpi Dong Duong, khong dua ngpn eo dan tpc len hang dau ma n$ng ve dau tranh giai cap va each mang rupng dat Danh gia khong diing kha nang each mang eiia tang lop tieu t u san dan tpc, kha nSng loi keo mpt bp phan trung, tieu d\a chii tham gia m|t tr$n dan tpc thong nhat ehong de quoc va lay sai- Cuong l i n h Lu^n cuong Tinh chat Xa hpi Vi§t Nam la xa hpi xa hpi Xa hpi Dong Duong gom hai thupc dia nua phong kien, bao mau thuan, mau thuan dan gom hai mau thuan, la toe va giai cap, mau mau thuan giua toan the dan thuan giai cap la co b i n so s i n h tpc Vi#t Nam voi de quoc tro Giai cap eong nhan thong qua Chi khae la Dang Cpng san lanh dao dpi tien phong la Dang Cpng Dong Duong, san Vi?t Nam Lao va Campuehia chua co eiia Dang giai eong nhan Qua bang so sanh ehiing ta thay, Luan cuong chinh tri tiep thu nhung van c So sdnh Luan cuong voi Cuong linh Npi dung Vai de C O ban eiia van k i fn lap Dang va bo sung them phuong phap each m^ng, song hai van de nhi?m vy va lye lupng eiia each mgng t u san dan quyen h?n che: dat nhi^m vy ehong phong kien len tren chorig de quoic va khong thay kha nang each mang eiia cac tang lop khae xa hpi Vi^t Nam N h i m g h?n che phai trai qua mpt qua trinh dau tranh thye tien mdi khie phyc dupe 51 H a n g van n g u d i bj bat bo, t i i day Cac trai giam va nha t u chat nich tu c h i n h N g a y t u k h i D a n g C p n g san Viet N a m d o i da phat d p n g quan c h i i n g dau trj n h u nha t u H o a L (Ha N p i ) , K h a m L o n (Sai Gon), nha t u C o n Dao, K o n t r a n h chong thuc dan, p h o n g kien de d o i doc lap dan tpc va r u p n g da't d a n cay Thuc h i ^ n m y c tieu do, p h o n g trao da dien v d i q u y m o r p n g khap, m a n g t i n h chat each m a n g t r i ^ t de va s u d y n g h i n h thuc dau tranh quyet l i ^ t Tinh quy mo rong khap: Phong trao da phat trien tren q u y m o ca nuoc, keo dai suo't gan hai n a m ( t u dau n a m 1930 den cuoi n a m 1931) Phong trao da t h u h u t d u p e sy t h a m gia d o n g dao cac tang l o p n h a n dan, chu ye'u la q u a n c h i i n g cong nong, v o i hang t r a m cupc d a u tranh I o n nho, tieu bieu la cupc d a u t r a n h ciia 5.000 cong n h a n va n o n g dan V i n h - Ben T h i i y vao - -1930, cupc bieu t i n h cua b a n van n o n g dan T h a n h C h u o n g - - 1930 va cupc bieu t i n h tuan hanh ciia v ^ n n o n g d a n l i u y ? n H u n g N g u y e n 12 - -1930 Phong trao da n h a m vao hai ke t h u ca ban ciia nhan dan ta la b p n de quoc u a n g D a n g , X u l i y B^c K i , T r u n g K i , N a m K i b j b3t C l i n g v a i vi?c k h i i n g bo^ thuc dan Phap d i i n g n h i i n g t h i i doan m j dan, lua bit loi keo cac tang l o p quan lai, dja chii, t u san, t r i thuc, me hoac n h a n dan Ve chinh t r j , c h i i n g cho tang so dai di?n n g u a i V i ^ t vao ca q u a n lap phap cap k i ; ve k i n h te^ c h i i n g cho n g u d i ban x i i d u p e t h a m gia dau thau m p t so'cong t r i n h thiiy I p i , cau d u o n g ; ve giao due, c h i i n g cho to chue lai T r u a n g Cao dSng D o n g D u o n g va T r u o n g L u a t de t h u h i i t e m tang l a p tren; I p i d y n g cac giao phai de chia re p h o n g trao nhan dan T r o n g hoan canh do, nhii-ng n g u o i cpng san van kien e u a n g dau tranh p h i i p h o n g trao, to chue v u p t ngye, nhi>ng dang vien k h o n g bj bat t h i t i m each gay d y n g lai to chiic D a n g va q u a n c h i i n g Tai m p t so n a i thupc hai t i n h N g h e A n va H a T i n h , t r u o c sue m a n h dau tranh ciia q u a n c h i i n g , h$ t h o n g chinh q u y e n djch bj tan t i r n g m a n g , b p n quan lai va c u o n g hao bo t r o n , chinh quyen cong n o n g b i n h t h a n h lap d u a i h i n h thuc X6 viet M p t so dang vien dang boat d p n g T r u n g Quoc va Thai Lan t r o ve nuoc hogt d p n g N a m 1932, Le H o n g Phong va m p t so d o n g ehi t r o n g n u a c va ngoai nuoc nhan chi thj Quoc te Cpng san to ehiic Ban lanh dao T r u n g u o n g eiia Dang Sit dung hinh thue dau tranh qui/el Hit: Phong trao s u d u n g h i n h thuc dau tranh t u thap den cao, tit m i t t i n h , bieu t i n h den d o t h u y ^ n d u o n g , pha nha lao, ket h p p bieu t i n h t h j u y v a i boat d p n g nira v u trang de tie'n cong d j c h T r o n g thang va thang 10 -1930 p h o n g trao da sir d u n g h i n h thuc v i i trang k h o i nghla c u o p chinh q u y e n djch lap chinh q u y e n each m a n g Nhtf vqy, phong trao each mang 1930 - 1931 ma dinh cao la Xd viel Nghe Tinh la phong trao each mang rong Ian dau tien cua quan chiing cong ndng a nieoe ta ' Dang lanh dqo Tinh quy mo rong l&n, tinh chat each mang triet deva hinh thiee dau tranh quyel Hit cua phong trao da chung minh buac phat trien nhay vgt ve chat cua cuge dau tranh gidi phong dan toe a nuac ta mot c6 Dang lanh dqo -1935 a Cuoc dau tranh phuc hoi phong trao K h i p h o n g trao each m a n g 1930 - 1931 13ng x u o n g , t h y c d a n Phap v a n tiep tyc t h i hanh c h i n h sach k h i i n g bo'va m j dan T u n a m 1931 den g i i i a n a m 1932, hau het cac l i y v i e n Ban Chap hanh T r u n g t r u o n g , quan d i e m each m a n g ciia Dang, tong ket bai hpe k i n h n g h i ^ m ehi dao va p h o n g kien tay sai S I / P H y C H O I P H O N G T R A O C A C H M A N G 1932 Turn, Lao Bao, Son La h p p v o i d i e u kien ciia m i n h N h O n g dang v i e n t r o n g t i i c u o n g t r i bao v$ lap Tinh each mang triet de: 52 Cty TNHH MTV DWH Khang Yift Nhan xet ve quy mo, tinh chat va hinh thuc dau tranh ciia phong trao each mang 1930 -1931 T h a n g - 1932, Ban lanh dao T r u n g u o n g thao c h u o n g t r i n h hanh d p n g ciia D a n g C h u o n g t r i n h hanh d p n g neu chii t r u o n g dau tranh d o i cac q u y e n t y d o dan chii cho n h a n dan lao d p n g , tha tu c h i n h t r j , bai bo cac t h i i thue bat cong Cling c o v a phat trien cae doan the each m a n g ciia q u a n c h i i n g D y a vao c h u o n g t r i n h hanh d p n g , p h o n g trao dau tranh ciia q u a n c h i i n g d u p e nhen n h o m tro lai v o i cae to chiie n h u H p i cay, H p i cay, H p i hieu h i , H p i dpc sach bao v.v N h i e u cupc dau tranh ciia cong nhan da no ra: n a m 1932 c6 230 cupc, n a m 1933 CO 244 cupc, tap t r u n g cae tinh Quang N a m , Q u a n g N g a i , Sai Gon, Gia D j n h N o n g d a n eac t i n h Gia D j n h , L o n g X u y e n , Tra V i n h , K h a n h Hoa, N i n h T h u a n , Binh T h u a n , Cao B3ng, Lang Son lien tiep c6 cac cupc dau tranh T r o n g t h o i k i nay, m p t so hinh thiic dau tranh khae xuat hi?n n h u van d p n g bau c u , boat d p n g tren l i n h v y c bao ehi N a m 1935, dai bieu cho n h u n g n g u o i lao d p n g da t r i i n g c i i vao H p i d o n g Sai Gon M p t so dang vien boat j d n g hptp p h a p da s i i d y n g bao chi cong khai dau tranh chong n h i r n g quan BSI due>n^ H5G Lfch Si} 12 - Tha Truong Ngpc Thai d i e m c h i n h t r j , trie't hpc, v a n hpc, ngh^ thuat t u san, t u y e n t r u y e n c h i i nghia Mac-Lenin va d u o n g l o i chu t r u a n g ciia Dang D e n cuo'i n a m 1933, cac to chuc D a n g dan dan dupe p h u c h o i va c u n g c6' D a u n a m 1934, Ban l a n h dao H a i ngoai d u p e lap d o Le H o n g Phong d u n g dau C u o i n a m 1934 d a u n a m 1935, cac x u l i y Bac K i , T r u n g K i , N a m K i dupe lap lai cua Dang - Ngi dung: Tir 27 den 31 - - 1935, D a i h p i dai bieu toan quoc Ian t h u nhat ciia D a n g h p p tai M a Cao ( T r u n g Quoc) T h a m d y dai h p i c6 13 dai bieu thay mat cho h o n 500 d a n g v i e n thupc cac dang bp t r o n g nuoc va n u o c ngoai Sau k h i d a n h gia t i n h h i n h , D a i hpi xac d j n h ba n h i ^ m v y cua D a n g t r o n g t h a i gian truoe m a t la: c u n g c o s y phat trien Dang; tranh t h i i q u a n c h i i n g rpng rai; cho'ng chien t r a n h de quoc D a i h p i t h o n g qua N g h j quyet chinh t r i , Dieu 1? Dang, cac n g h j quyet ve v ^ n d p n g cong nhan, n o n g dan, b i n h l i n h , p h u n u ; ve cong tac t r o n g cac dan tpc thieu so', ve d p i t y v^ va c u u te D a i h p i b a u Ban chap hanh T r u n g u o n g g o m 13 n g u o i va b a u Le H o n g Phong l a m T o n g B i t h u ciia Dang N g u y e n A i Quoc dupe c i i l a m dai d i ? n ciia D a n g ben canh Quoc te Cong san - y nghia: D a i h p i dai bieu toan quoc Ian t h u nhat eiia D a n g d a n h d a u mo'c q u a n trpng: D a n g da k h o i phuc dupe h f thong to chuc t u T r u n g u a n g den dja p h u o n g , t u t r o n g nuae deh ngoai nuoc, da k h o i phyc d u p e cac to chuc quan c h i i n g ciia D a n g c Vai trd lanh dao cua Dang phong trao each ntang 1930 - 1935 - Thai kt cao trao: Dang la nguoi phat dong va lanh dao phong trao: Phong trao d u p e sy chi dao thong nhat ciia D a n g no tir Bac c h i N a m , a ca cong nhan, n o n g d a n va cac tang lop lao d p n g khac, t r o n g d o giai cap cong n h a n la lye l u p n g d i d a u M u e tieu d a u tranh: K h o n g chi d o i quyen Ipi cho cong n h a n , n o n g dan, cac tang l a p khac ma to ro dau h i ^ u doan ket v a i v san the g i a i Tieu bieu la cupe bieu tinh 1-5-1930 D u o i s y l a n h dao ciia Dang, cao trao d a u tranh da n h a m vao hai ke t h u c h i n h ciia d a n tpc la de quoc Phap va b p n p h o n g kien - Thai ki thodi trao: T u y b i thue d a n Phap d a n ap k h i i n g bo da m a n , p h o n g trao tarn l i n g xuong, cac ca so d a n g b i pha va, song sue song ciia D a n g k h o n g the b i tieu di^t V a i t r o l a n h dao ciia D a n g van dupe g i u vCrng va l u o n d i d a u t r o n g ehong Idiiing bo', t u y e n t r u y e n giae ngp, gay d y n g lai ca so ciia D a n g va q u a n c h i i n g D a u n a m 1935, cac to chuc D a n g va p h o n g trao dupe p h u c h o i b Nqi dung va y nghia cua Dai hqi dai him toan quoc Idn thUnhat H i n h thurc d a u tranh: Ket h p p dau tranh c h i n h t r j v i via trang, t r o n g d a u tjanh c h i n h t r i la c h i i yeu D a u t r a n h d t r o n g t u ciia cac dang vien cpng san Gay d y n g lai co so va p h o n g trao quan c h i i n g ^I^Vi • L p i d u n g cac d i e n d a n cong khai de tuyen t r u y e n co d p n g q u a n c h i i n g theo cac khau hieu ciia D a n g Thanh lap Ban lanh dao ciia D a n g va c h u o n g t r i n h h a n h d p n g de phat dpng q u a n c h i i n g d a u tranh II P H O N G T R A O D A N C H U 1936 - 1939 T i n h h i n h k i n h te - xa h p i a V i | t N a m t r o n g n h u n g n a m 1936 - 9 * Tinh hinh kinh te: Sau cupc k h i i n g hoan k i n h te the g i a i 1929 - 1933, c h i n h q u y e n t h y c d a n Phap a D o n g D u o n g tap t r u n g d a u t u , khai thac thupc dja de b u dap sy t h i e u h y t cho k i n h te " c h i n h quoc" Ve n o n g nghiep, c h i n h sach ciia N h a nuoc t h y c d a n tao m p i d i e u k i ^ n cho t u ban Phap chiem doat r u p n g dat ciia nong dan, l a m cho 2/3 n o n g dan k h o n g c6 r u p n g hoac chi co i t r u p n g ''" Ve cong nghi?p, nganh khai thac m o dupe day m a n h T o n g san l u p n g khai no n a m 1939 la 29,5 trieu dong ' > Ve t h u o n g nghi?p, nha nuoc t h y c dan doc q u y e n ban thuoe p h i ? n , r u p u , nuoi, t h u d u p e l p i n h u a n rat cao H a n g xuat khau chii yeu la khoang san, 6ng san N h a p cang may moc thie't bj va hang cong n g h i f p tieu d u n g N h i n chung, n h u n g n a m 1936 - 1939 la t h o i k i p h y c h o i va phat trien nen rth te Vi?t N a m , n h u n g chi tap t r u n g vao m p t so n g a n h d a p l i n g co n h u cau llie'n tranh N e n k i n h te V i ^ t N a m van lac hau va 1? thupc k i n h te Phap 'Tinh hinhxdhoi: • ^ •< I ^'t-'' D a i song cac tang l o p nhan dan van gap nhieu kho k h a n d o c h i n h sach tSng hue ciia nha n u o c t h y c dan, p h o n g kien So' cong n h a n tha't nghiep nhieu N g a y ca n h i h i g n g u o i co viec l a m , nuc l u o n g v a n k h o n g hang t h o i k i k h i i n g hoang N o n g d a n k h o n g d i i r u p n g cay H p chiu m i i c dja to cao va n h i e u t h u ko^n hoc Ipt khac ciia dja chii c u o n g hao, n h u n g h u tyc c u o i cheo, d i n h dam 55 T u san dan tpc c6 it von nen chi lap dupe nhOng cong ti nho, phai chiu thue cao, bj tu ban Phap chen ep Nhieu nguai gioi tieu tu san tri thiic that nghiep Cong chuc nhan dupe muc luong tha'p Cac tang Idp lao dpng khac phai chju thue khoa nang ne, sinh boat dat Vi?t N a m de dinh duong 161 va phuong phap dau tranh Hpi nghi xac dinh: b) Ngi dung Hoi nghi: Hpi nghi xac djnh nhi?m vu chien lupc ciia each mang tu san dan quyen Dong Duong la eho'ng de'quo'c va phong kien; nhi^m v y true tiep, truoc mat la Doi song da so nhan dan kho khan, cue kho Chfnh vi the hp hang hai tham gia phong trao dau tranh doi tu do, com ao duoi s u lanh dao ciia Dang Cpng san Dong Duong dau tranh chong che dp phan dpng thupc dia, chong phat xit, chong nguy co chien tranh, doi tu do, dan sinh, dan chii, com ao va hoa binh Phuong phap dau tranh la ket hpp cac hinh thue cong khai va bi mat, hpp H p i nghi T r u n g uong D a n g thang -1936 a) Hodn quyet dai hpi Ian thu V I I ciia Quoc t e C p n g san, can cii vao tinh hinh cu the o phap va bat hpp phap earth: Hpi nghi chii truong lap Mat tran thong nhat nhan dan phan de * The gioi: Dong D u o n g Cupc khiing hoang kinh te the gioi 1929 - 1933 da gay nen hau qua nghiem Dang C p n g san Dong D u o n g keu gpi cac dang phai chinh trj, cac to chuc trpng, nhat la cac nuoc tu ban chu nghla phat trien Tai cac nuoc tu ban chii quan chiing va nhan dan Dong Duong hanh dpng, dau tranh cho dan chii nghla, kinh te suy syp, mau thuan xa hpi gay gat Mot so' nuoc da giai quyet Phong dau tranh quan chiing Ian rpng ca nuoc khung hoang bang duong phat xit hoa che dp C h u nghla phat xit Due, Italia, Nhat Ban da tro nguy co de dpa nen hoa binh va an ninh the gioi Truoc tinh hinh do, Dai hpi Quoc te Cpng san Ian thu V I I hpp Matxcova (7 - 1935) da xac dinh ke thu nguy hiem, truoc mat ciia nhan dan the gioi la Tiep do, Hpi nghj Trung uong cac nam 1937 va 1938 bo sung va phat trien npi dung co ban ciia Nghj quyet hpi nghj Trung uong thang - 1936 Tai Hpi nghj Ban Chap hanh Trung uong thang -1938, Mat tran thong nhat nhan dan phan de'Dong D u o n g doi Mat tran thong nhat dan chu Dong Duong, chu nghla phat xit D ? i hpi chvi truong lap Mat tran nhan dan chong chu tit la Mat tran dan chu Dong nghla phat xit Nhtrng phong trao dau tranh tieu bleu ' Thue hi?n chu truong cua Quoc te Cpng san, nhieu nuoc lap Mat tran :, a) Phong gpi Duong ,i trao Dong Duong dai hoi v nhan dan O Phap, dau nam 1936, Mat tran nhan dan Phap gianh thang Ipi Dupe tin Quoc hpi Phap cir phai doan sang dieu tra tinh hinh Dong Duong, cupc tuyen c u va len nSm chinh quyen Chinh phii ciia Mat tran nhan Dang chii truong phat dpng va to chuc cac tang lop nhan dan hpp hpi thao, dan Phap da ban hanh chinh sach tien bp doi voi cac nuoc thupc dja n h u tha ty ban nguyen vpng de giii toi phai doan Dang cung keu gpi cac dang phai chinh til chinh trj, lap liy ban dieu tra tinh hinh thupc dja, thi hanh mpt so trj, cac to chuc quan chiing cung tham gia cai each xa hpi cho nhan dan lao dpng Truoc s u Ian rpng ciia phong trao, bpn phan dpng thupc dja dan ap va chia * Trong nuoc: re quan chiing Ngay 15-9-1936, chiing l^nh giai tan U y ban hanh dpng, cam D o chinh sach ve tu dan chu cua Chinh phii Mat tran nhan dan Phap ma hpi hpp, tjch thu cac bao co dpng cho Dong Duong Dai hpi Viet Nam mpt so tu chinh tri dupe tha tu va hp tim each boat dpng tro lai Phong trao Dong Duong Dai hpi nhanh chong bj dan ap nhung cung dgt Do cupc khiing hoang kinh te^ thue dan Phap lai tiep tyc chinh sach boc lot, dupe myc dieh ciia minh Dong dao quan chiing giae mp, doan ket dau tranh khiing bo va dan ap nhan dan Viet N a m lam cho nhan dan Viet N a m bj ban doi quyen song Dang Cpng san Dong Duong thu dupe mpt so'kinh nghiem ve cung kho'n kho phat dpng va lanh dao phong trao dau tranh cong khai, hpp phap Liic Dang ta va lye lupng each mang da phue hoi, each mang c6 them dieu ki^n d e c h u y e n sang thoi ki dau tranh moi b) Phong trao dau tranh doi tu do, dan sinh, dan chu Sdu thang ciwi nam 1936 co 361 cupe dau tranh, co 236 cupc dau Truoc nhOng bien doi ciia tinh hinh the gioi va nuoc, thang - 1936, tranh eiia cong nhan Tieu bieu la cupc bai cong 23-11 ciia cong nhan Hon Hpi nghj Ban C h a p hanh Trung uong Dang Cpng san Dong Duong Le Gai, C a m Pha, Mong Duong doi tang luong 25% Ngay tro Hong Phong chii tri hpp Thupng Hai (Trung Quoc) Hpi nghj dua theo Nghj hpi truyen thong ciia cong nhan mo Cty Nam 1937 c6 400 cupc bai cong ciia cong nhan Tieu bieu la CUQC dau tranh ciia cong nhan xe lua Nam Dong Duong 9-7-1937 va mo than Vang Danh 28-9-1937 15 cupc dau tranh ciia nong dan doi giam to, giam tuc Tieu thuong Ha Npi, Hai Phong, cac va thj xa khac bai thi, doi giam thue chp, thue hang Trong thang va 2-1937 c6 nhirng cupc mft tinh va bieu tinh Ion cua nhan dan ca nuac nham bieu duong luc lupng Goda - phai vien ciia Chinh phu Phap sang dieu tra tinh hinh Dong Duong va Brevie sang nhan chuc toan quyen Dong Duong Trong thang va thang 7, Trung uong Dang Cong san Dong Duong hpp de ban ve cong tac quan chiing Dang quyet djnh lap Cong hpi thay Cong hpi do, Doan nien phan de thay Doan nien cpng san, H p i cuu te binh dan hpp rpng rai cac tang lop nhan dan tham gia Nam 1938, c6 131 cupc bai cong ciia cong nhan Tuy so lupng cupc dau tranh giam so voi nam truoc, nhung chat lupng cao hon bieu hi^n a trinh dp giac ngp ciia quan chiing, khau hi^u dau tranh, su phan pho'i dau tranh giiia cac dia phuong Cuol nam 1938 d Nam Ki xay nan doi Nong dan nhieu nai bieu tinh Dien hinh la cupc bieu tinh ciia hon 1000 nong dan Ca Mau thang 10-1938 Phong trao dau tranh ciia tieu thuong, hpc sinh dang cao Dac b i f t la cupc dau tranh 1-5-1938 Lan dau tien, Quoc te Lao dpng, nhieu cupc to chuc mit tinh dupe cong khai Ha Npi, Sai Gon va nhieu noi khac, da thu hiit dong dao quan chiing tham gia Nam 1939, phong trao dau tranh thang dau nam bj giam siit T u thang t u phong trao len dan va dat toi dinh cao vao thang Phong trao tap trung nhiing trung tam cong nghi^p Ion nhu Ha N p i , Hai Phong, Sai Gon, Chp Lon c) Dau tranh nghj trudng Dau tranh nghj truong la mot ITnh vyc dau tranh mdi me ciia Dang Cpng san Dong Duong bao chi de tuyen truyen va van dpng cu tri bo phieu cho nhii'ng nguoi Ke't qua la ha'u het cac ling cii vien Dang van dpng ling cii da triing cir Vlft j,5 dupe d u an thue than va thue dien tho ciia chinh phii thupc dia jsjam 1938, cupc tranh cii vao Vi^n Dan bieu Bac K i , 15 ling cu vien cia M ^ t tr?" ' i ^ n chii da triing cu Mat tran dan chii gianh thang Ipi jipi dong kinh te li tai Dong Duong - co quan "dan cii" cao nhat Dong Duong jsjam 1939, dien cupc tuyen cii vao Hpi dong Quan hat Nam K i Trong cUpc tuyen cu Mat tran dan chii bj that bai nh&ng thii doan tham dpc dia bpn phan dpng thupc dia, npi bp mat tran dan chii y kien thong nhat Bang Cong san Dong Duong quyei dinh tham gia dau tranh cong khai a nghj irticfng nham muc dich ma rang luc lugng cua Mat tran dan chii va vqch tran chinh sdch phan dong cua bon thue dan va tay sai, henh vuc quyen Igi cua nhan dan d) Dau tranh tren linh vuc bdo chi Day Cling la ITnh vuc dau tranh moi me ciia Dang Nhi>ng nguoi Cpng san rim mpi each xuat ban bao Tu nam 1937, bao chi cong khai ciia Dang phat trien nhanh chong Cac bao ciia Dang tuyen truyen, gioi thi^u ve chii nghla Mac - Lenin, Dang Cpng san E>6ng Duong, Lien X6, Quoc te'Cpng san Mat tran nhan dan Phap v.v Bao chi each mang tro miii xung kich nhi>ng phong trao lon ciia cupc van dong dan chii, dan sinh ki 1936 - 1939 nhu Dong Duong Dai Hpi, "don" Go-da va Bre-vi-e, nhijng cupc bau cii va dau tranh nghj truong v.v Trong thoi gian nay, nhieu sach chinh tri - l i luan dupe xuat ban cong khai ho^c dua t u Phap ve Nhieu tac pham hi?n thue phe phan doi nhu Buac duong Cling ciia Nguyen Cong Hoan; Tdt den Leu chong ciia Ngo Tat To; Giong to, So ciia V i i Trpng Phung; tha each mang ciia To H u u ; kich c6 tac pham Kim tien ciia vj Huyen Dae, Dai co Luu ciia Tran HCru Trang Cuoi nam 1937, Dang phat dpng phon trao truyen ba chu Quoc ngu nham giup quan chiing lao dpng dpc sach bao, nang cao sy hieu biet ve chinh trj va each mang Cuoc dau tranh cua Dang tren linh vuc bdo chi nhimg nam 1936-1939 da ^hu dugc kel qua to lan, truac hel vevan hoa - tu tuang Dong dao cac tang lap nhan '^n dugc giac mg vecon duong each mang cua Dang " ' ''• e Daii tranh chong bgn tcrroikit Trong cupc bau cu vao Vi?n Dan bieu Trung Ki thang 8-1937, Dang van dpng nhiing nguoi Hen bp hang ngii tri thiic ling cii Dang sii dung Khang Trong ki hpp ciia Vien Dan bieu thang 9-1938, cac nghj vien dan bieu da bac thay Hpi ciiu te v.v nong thon, lap Hpi cay, Hpi cay, Hpi hieu hi v.v Nhung hinh thiic to chuc linh hoat, hoat dpng cong khai, nua cong khai da tap TNHH MTV DWH Trong nhung nam 1936 -1939, Dang Cpng san Dong Duong khong chi dau tranh chong bpn phan dpng Phap ma chong bpn tay sai ciia chiing, cac Uorng dan chii (ciia tri thiic than Phap) Phuc quoc Dong minh hpi (ciia Cuong I Mi v.v Nhung doi thii nguy hiem nhat la bpn tarolkit Chiing mang chieu bai ... Nha van, Nha bao, Nha giao, hpc sinh, sinh vien da doi nhu; Tan Vi?t Thanh nien Doan (1 92 3) V i f t Nam Nghia Doan (1 92 5) Hpi Phuc Vi^t (1 92 5) Dang Thanh nien (1 92 6) Cac to chuc da cho doi nhCrng... eiia Dang Cpng san Vipt Nam (3 - - 19 3 0) nhu thenao? Cau Lap bang so sanh cupc khai thae thupc dia Ian nha't (1 897 - 19 1 4) voi cupc khai thae Ian thu hai 19 19 - 19 2 9) eiia thye dan Phap Vipt Nam... tham gia chong Phap Tir nam 18 83 den 19 01, ong h u o n g theo ngpn co Can vtfcmg chong Phap: viet Hich binh Tdy (1 88 3), lap d p i Si tu Can vu'ffng (1 88 5), nam 19 00 ong giai nguyen quoc N g