Reportedspeech ( §Æng V¨n D¬ng - Trêng THCS §¹i Tù - Yªn l¹c - VÜnh Phóc) 1. Tenses: a, Changes: Verbs used in direct speech often change their tense in reported speech, especially when the" reporting" verb in the past ( Back one tense) Eg: " I'll put the letters in the post", said he => He said he would put the letters in the post. b, No changes: Some verbs tenses used in direct speech do not change in reported speech. The" reporting" verb is often in the present tense. - Reporting a present state of affairs Eg: " The cost of living here is high" => The reporter says /said that the cost of living here is high. - Reporting things which are always true Eg: " It's always cold at this time of year" => He says it's always cold at this time of year. - Reporting something which we believe/ someone believes will happen. - They are the modal structures: Would, could, might, ought to, should, Eg: She said," You might be mistaken" => She said that he might be mistaken - Conditional type 2, - Structures: Would rather, as time, as if, as though, it's time Eg: "I wish he were here now" => She wished he were there then. " I'd rather we ate out" => She'd rather they ate out. 2. Reporting statements: a, Verb ( + that) ( say, claim, admit, explain, insist, agree, complain, deny, reply, etc) Eg: " I'm an art student" => He said ( that) he was an art student. b, Verb + pronoun/ noun + (that) Eg: " I am a teacher" => She told him ( that) she was a teacher c, Verb + To-infinitive ( offer, refuse, agree, promise, ect) Eg: " I'll take you to the dance" => He offered to take her to the dance d, Verb + for + V-ing ( apologize, thank, etc) Eg: " I'm sorry I broke this vase" => My child apologized for breaking that vase. 3. Reporting requests and orders: Eg1: " Close the door, please" => He asked me to close the door. Eg2: " Don't move" => The policeman ordered the burglar not to move Eg3: " Attack" => The Captain ordered his soldiers to attack. 4. Reporting questions: a, Have question words: what where, who,ect Eg: How much money do you have?" => My girl friend asked how much money I had. b, No question words, we use IF or WHETHER Eg1: " Are you tired?" => My mother asked if I were tired. Eg2: " Do you want the car or not?" => My elder brother wondered whether I wanted the car or not 5. Reporting suggestions: Suggest + V-ing + that + S + should + V(bare) + that + S + V (bare) Eg: " Let's go home" => He suggested going home that they should go home that they go home 6. Exclamation: What + Noun/ noun phrase! How + Adj/ adv + clause! Eg1: " What an intelligent boy!" => She exclaimed that he was such an intelligent boy. E2: " How beautiful she is!" => He exclaimed that she was so/ very beautiful. Eg3: " How quickly he runs!" => They exclaimed that he ran very quickly. 7. Some points to notice about reported speech: - The pronoun often changes: you => I, she, he/ we => they . - Words like: "please" and" now" disappear. 8. Other forms: a, advised - advice: - Had better - Should - Why don't you => advised smb to do smt - if I were you - Ought to - If I were in your place/ situation/ position b, Suggested - suggestion: - How about - What about => suggested that smb should do smt - Why don't we doing smt - Let's do smt c, offer: - Shall I do smt for you - Let's me do smt for you => offered to do smt - Would you like me to do smt for you - I will do smt for you if you like d, Asking for permission: - Do you mind if I do smt - Would you mind If I did smt => asked smb for permission to do smt - Is it alright if . e, Reminding: Don't forget/ remember to do smt => reminded smb to do smt f, Invitation: - Would you like smt - Have smt => offered smb smt - Will you have smt - Would you like to do smt => invited smb to do smt - Could you do smt Eg1: "Would you like a cigarette" => He offered me a cigarette Eg2: " Would you like to go to the cinema with me tonight?" => He invited her to go to the cinema with him that night. g, Imperative: - Would you/ Do you mind doing smt - I think you could - I wonder if you => asked/ offered - Would you be so kind to do smt requested - I would be very grateful if you could do smt smb to do smt h, Thanks: -" Happy new year" => She wished me a happy new year. - " Congratulation!" => He congratulated me on passing the exam. i,To be sorry for smt => Apologize for doing smt Eg: " I am sorry for being late" => He apologized for being late j, Greeting: " Good morning" => He greeted me/ He said hello to me. . Reported speech ( §Æng V¨n D¬ng - Trêng THCS §¹i Tù - Yªn l¹c - VÜnh Phóc) 1. Tenses: a, Changes: Verbs used in direct speech often change. in the post. b, No changes: Some verbs tenses used in direct speech do not change in reported speech. The" reporting" verb is often in the present