32 co cau phan tang XH o DNB

TAP CHf KHOA HOC XA HQI S62(174)-2013 KINH T£' HQC - XA HOI HOC CO CAU PHAN T A N G X A HOI d DONG NAM Bp TRONG TAWI NHIN SO SANH VOI T H A N H P H O H O CHi MINH VA TAY NAM BO LE THANH SANG NGUYEN THI MINH CHAU hOi nOng nghiOp sang xi hOi cOng nghi$p Co ciu xi hOi vung Nam BO dang trii qua qui trinh biin dii vi trd nin da dang dwdi GIO'I T H I $ U tie dOng cua qui trinh dii mdi vi hOi nhip, Co d u phan ting xa hpi la mpt trpng ding thdi cd sw khic biOt giCra TPHCM - nhirng chilu kich quan trpng d l nhan thirc dO thi Idn nhit nwde vdi cic tinh Ddng dyoc trinh dp phat triln kinh tl-xa hpi, tao Nam Bo cdn lai vi Tay Nam BO Sw dung eo sd d l xay dyng cae chinh sach hydng kit qui cuOe diiu tra dai diOn cho dia den phat triln bin vtrng Dya tren co d u bin ndi tren (2010 vi 2008), bing cich xa hoi nghl nghiep eua dan ey, bai vilt Iwong vi thi nghi nghi$p vdi chiiu kich phan tieh cac l i n g Idp xa hpi eua Dong kinh ti vi hoc vin, bii viit cung cip mOt Nam Bp"" (2010), so sanh vdi cac ting idp phin tich thwe trang vi cic ting Idp xi hOi xa hpi tyong irng d TPHCM (2010) va d nghi nghiep vdi cic khoang cich xa hOi Tay Nam Bp (2008), vdi cac nguon lye khic theo ndng thOn/dO thi va gidi kinh t l va hoe v l n khac cua cae ting tinh Kit qui cho thay, ea ciu cic ting Idp Idp theo lat d t khu vyc nong thIn/do xa hoi d TPHCM the hiOn rd cic die trwng thi va gidi tinh cua mOt xi hOi dd thi, Tiy Nam BO phin inh dam nit tinh chit cua mOt xa hOi nong Bai vilt sy dyng s i lipu khao sat cua d l tai "Ca ciu xS hOi van hda vi phuc loi xi hqi nghiep, d cic tinh Ddng Nam BO cdn lai cho thiy mOt si chuyin dOng tir xi vung Bong Nam BO' (2010), de tai 'Co ciu xa hOi, lii sing vi phuc loi din cw TPHCM hiOn naf (2010) va d l tai "Co ciu xi hqi, Li Thanh Sang Phd GiSo sy tiln sT Vi^n Phat vin hda vi phuc loi xa hOi vung Tiy Nam triln Bin vyng viing Nam BO Bo" (2008) Vipn Phat triln Ben vyng Nguyin Th| Minh Chau Thac st Trung tam Ty vung Nam Bo tien hanh Ting s i hp dypc van Phat tnen Vi$n Phat tnen Ben viJng vCing khap sat tai dia ban lan lyot la 1080, Nam BO 1080 va 900 U'U diem eo ban la ca cupc Tran trpng cam on GS TS Btii The Cydng, khao sat d i u dyyc chon m l u xac suit va Chu nhiOm cac chyong trinh vi de tai nOi tr6n aa cho phSp chiing tOi sir dgng cSc kit qua cac biln s i dypc lydng theo mpt each dieu tra mlu thing nhlt nen co tinh dai dien cao cho T M TAT L£ THANH SANG - NGUYEN THj MINH CHAU - CO CAU PHAN T A N G XA HQI eic dia b i n nghien cu'u va tu'ong thich vdi so sanh H^n che la cu$c dieu tra d Tay Nam Bp du'p'c khao s i t tru-dc nam SP vdl Dong Nam Bp va TPHCM Do sy khac bipt nen c i c s i lipu du-oc tinh toan rieng cho d|a b i n nghien cu-u ma khong cpng d i n cho toin vung Nam Bp, vpy sy thay doi theo thdi gian khong anh hu'dng ding k l so sinh eic ty Ip giu'a dja ban nghien cu'u vdl Cic ting Idp xa h^i du-p-e lu-dng dya tren chu hp (Xem them: Bui T h I Cu'dng, Le Thanh Sang, 2010 ti 35-47) va l l y Dong Nam BO lam dilm quy chieu d l so sanh vdi dja b i n Ipi De tuan thu cich tilp cpn ly thuyet co c l u phan tang x i hpi nghl nghipp, phan tich co c l u cac ting Idp xa hpi chi bao g l m nhu'ng ngu'di dang tham gia v i o thj tru'ong lao dong, khong tinh nhOng ngu'di npi tro, nghi hu-u va di hpc C a 86" LY T H U Y E T V A D O LU'dNG PHAN TANG XA HOI Phin ting x i hoi (social stratification) du'oc dinh nghTa l i q u i trinh xa hpi, thong qua dd cac phan thirdng v i c i c nguon lye nhu' cua cai, quyIn lye, v i uy tin du'oc phin phli eo tinh hp thong v i bat binh dang ben hope giOa c i c xa hpi vdi nhau, Cung thong qua qua trinh xa hpi ma cac ca nhan vdi mpt s i tinh chat tu'ong dong n i o du-oc nhom vao c i c phin loai nhu- giai cap Mpt cich tong quiL phan tang xa hOi co t h i du'oc bilu hipn qua mpt ba dpng chinh l i phan ting theo hp thing ding d p , phin ting theo hp thong phong kiln, v i phan ting theo giai cap xa hpi Hp thing dang cap l i c i c thu- bpc eu-ng nhie von da du-oc quylt dinh tu* luc eon ngu'di duoc sinh va khong cho phep sy di dpng ti> ding elp sang ding d p khac Hp thong phan ting phong kiln it cLPng nhlc hon hp thing ding d p v i cho phep mpt s i rIt gidi hpn tinh di dpng xa hpi Trong do, hp thing giai d p xa hpi it nhan mpnh tinh chit du'p'c "gin eho" v i chu trpng nhilu hon d i n nhOng y l u t l ca nhin dpt du-oc nhugiao dye Do vay, nhu-ng tinh chit cho phep sy dl dpng x i h^i nhilu hon (Johnson, 1995, tr 283) Cac nghien CLPU bien nhlt v l phan tang xa hpi hipn la dpng thCr ba' phin ting theo giai d p xa hpi Giai d p xa hpi (social class), mpt nhu-ng khai nipm quan trpng nhlt nghien ciru phin tang xa hpi, la su' phan bipt ve mpt xa hpi tpo tu' q u i trinh phan phli bit binh dang c i c loi ich v i nguon lye nhu cua eai, quyIn lye, va uy tin C i c n h i xa hpi hpc dmh nghTa giai d p xa hpi chu yeu dya tren co sd cua vipe phan chia tren dicoe x i c djnh nhu- the nio Phin ting xa hoi tu- cich tiep cpn xa hpi hpc hipn dai du-oc sd dung mpt cich p h i biln nhlt l i phin tang dya tren vi t h i nghl nghipp (occupational status) (Xem them: Le Thanh Sang, 2010, tr, 3140) Dya tren ly thuylt giai d p xa hpi cua Marx va ly thuylt phan ting xa hpi cua Weber, cae nha nghien cdu thu'dng si> dung w thi nghi nghiep nhu- la ehi b i o don tot nhlt hay it nhat l i k h i thi hen ca d l lu-dng phin ting xa hpi (Blau & Duncan, 1967; Runclman, 1968), Co hai each de xep hpng vi the nghe nghipp 1) phan loai theo eic ehi s i kinh tl-xa hpi cua nghe nghipp v i 2) phin logi theo su- dinh g i i eua cong ehung v l uy tin nghl nghiep (occupational prestige) (Haug, 1977) Vi v| the nghe nghipp eo quan hp chat che vdi L£ THANH SANG - NGUYEN TH| MINH C H A U - C O CAU P H A N T A N G X A HOI sy khac v l mire hpc v l n va mO'c thu P H A N T A N G X A HOI € ) N G N A M nhSp, cac n g h l nghiep dypc x i p hang BO SO \/0\ dya tran eo sd ciia nhu'ng ySu c l u v l hpc vA T H A N H P H O H O CHl MINH TAY NAM BO v l n eiia n g h l nghiep va mire lyong dyoc 3.1 Co d u cac t i n g Idp xa hoi tra tyong irng NghiSn ciru sir dyng C l s y khac bi$t rIt ro v l cae t i n g Idp xa each lydng mire dp phan t i n g thep thu nh^p va hpc vln h|i giu'a D i n g Nam B|, Tay Nam B | va TPHCM N l u eo d u xa h l i n g h l nghipp d Dya vao H$ thing danh myc nghl nghilp Vlpt Nam, nhirng ngydi dypc phIng v l n dypc x I p vao 10 nhom n g h l nghiep phan BSng Co clu cac ting Idp xa hOi co ban a TPHCM, BOng Nam BO va Tay Nam BO theo vj t h i xa hpi sau day C o d u (%) '•' T i n g Idp NhOm nghl TPHCM MO ta n g h l nghiOp Lanh dao Bang, chinh q u y I n , doan t h i , CO quan s y nghiOp tir cac d p c o s d trd I6n Quan ly cac cOng ty vOi chirc danh fir tryong, phO phOng trd lOn Chii t y nhOn (chii yeu la cac c o s d san xuat t i l u thu cOng nghiep, thyong mai, dich vy) ChuyOn vi&n ky thu$t bOc trung, cao NOng dan cO nhieu ruOng dat la lao dOng co ky thuat nOng lam n g y nghiep va cO mire ruOng dat binh quan nhan k h I u hp tir OOOm^ trd I6n NOng dan cO mire rupng dat trung btnh la lao dpng cO ky t h u j t nOng lam ngy nghiOp va cO mire ruOng d i t binh quan nhan khau hO tir 000-5-OOOm^ NOng dan it h o j c khOng cO d i t la lao dOng c6 ky thuat nOng lam n g y nghiOp va cO mire ruOng a l t binh quan nhan khau hO d y d i I.OOOm^ COng nhan thp thu cOng lanh nghl gom nhtrng ngydi la thp thu cOng c6 ky thuat va cac tho ky thuOt va tho c6 ky thuat l i p rap va van hanh may, t h i l t b| 10 Nhan viOn t h y o n g mgi dich vy Lao aong gian d o n gom nOng dan lam thuO d nOng thOn va lao dpng lam thuS Quan \y nha nydc'' 2,7 Quan ly cOng ty 3,3 Tay DOng Nam BO Nam BO 2,5 3,4 17,4 3,0 2,3 8,8 3,7 4,2 Nhan viOn 34,8 11,3 10,8 COng nhan-tho thu cOng 18,6 12,4 10,3 Chii t y nhan ChuyOn viOn ky thuat NOng dan lOp trOn 10,5 7,2 NOng dOn lOp giCra 20,9 29,9 17,6 18,5 NOng dan lOp dydi Lao dOng gian don Tong s6 (%) N (chii hO) 4,1 10,3 18,1 13,4 100,0 100,0 100,0 661 874 768 Do quy m6 mau nho nen mpt vai nhom co s6 lu-iyng it, can thgn trpng tham khao Chang hgn, chi c6 27 chu hO lam chan nuoi, trpt vcfi dl^n lieh dat binh quSn nhan khau hp du-ffi 1,000m^nen theo chuIn phSn loai chung dya tren qui mo dat nong nghiep dupe xep vao tang lo-p n6ng dSn lap du'6'i, ' Bao gom nhu-ng ngwtei lam cong tac Dang, chinh quy^n, do^n the, sp- nghiep, Ngudn- Vipn Phit tnen bin v&ng vCing Nam Bp, Kit qui dilu tra TPHCM, €)6ng Nam Bp (2010) v i Tay Nam B6 (2008) LE THANH SANG - NGUY£N TH| MINH CHAU - CO CAU PHAN T A N G XA HQI I TPHCM the hipn cac dgc tru-ng cua mpt xa hpi thj, thi d Tay Nam Bp phan anh dim net tinh chit cua mpt x i hOi n6ng nghipp, d 06ng Nam Bp co sy chuyin dpng d i n ti> xa hoi nong nghl$p sang xa hpi cong nghipp B0 la ty Ip lao dpng c6ng nhan-tho thu cong, lao dOng glan don d Dong Nam Bp cao hon d Tay Nam Bp (Bing 1) Dp l i dp sy ddi sdm va cang phit triln cua hang lopt khu cong nghl$p, khu e h l xult va c i c djch vy dl k i m d Dong Nam BO da thyc sy thu hut dong dao lye luong lao Co cau xa hoi nghl nghi$p d TPHCM t$p dOng tCf nhieu noi khac d i n day va trung v i o eic ting Idp cua mot xa hpi thj lim cong nhan cae cong ty va gan liln vdl q u i trinh d6 th| hoi: nhin vi^n ngoii nu-dc, lao dpng glan don vdi cae (34%), cong nhan-tho thu c6ng (18,6%), djch vy bo trp- d i p dng nhu c l u cua lu'c chu tu" nhan (17,4%) va lao dpng gian don {U'ong cong nhan Vdl vj tri dja ly' v i dieu (10,3%.) Ty trpng ting Idp n6ng d i n d kipn ty nhien thuan loi cung vdl hp thong TPHCM rIt nhp v i nlu dya tren qui mo dat eo sd vpt ehlt ky thupt cung nhu' eo sd nong nghipp thi xIp vao nong dan Idp du'di, ting kinh tl-xa hpi phit triln hen cae vung k\r\\ ting Idp nong dan mpt xa khac, Dong Nam Bp da phit huy the manh hpi thien ve nong nghipp nhu" Dong Nam Bp eua vung, phit triln thien v l cong nghipp va Tay Nam Bp chilm ty trpng rIt Idn Do eo cau phin ting cua viing cung Co clu phin tang x i hpi it eo sy khie bipt dan ehuyin tu- xa hpi nong nghiep sang xa giu-a Dong Nam Bp v i Tay Nam Bp, Diem hpi cong nghipp khac bipt dang ke nhlt la ting Idp nong Khic vdi xa hpi thj TPHCM va dmh din Idp tren eua Dong Nam Bp co ty trpng hu'dng cong nghipp Dong Nam Bp, co c l u cao hon dang ke so vdl T i y Nam Bp nghl nghiep Tay Nam Bp phan Idn t i p (Bang 1) quy mo d i t nong nghipp binh trung vao ting Idp nong d i n (ehilm quan lao dpng d Dong Nam Bp cao hon va 55,6%), the hipn ro net mpt xa hpi ehu y l u vung dang hinh nhieu trang trai dya tren nong nghiep cao su, c i phe, tieu, chan nuoi hcfn so Sw khac biet glu-a khu vi/c nong thdn vi dd vdi trang trai Ida, nuoi thuy san d Tiy thj Nam Bp Theo k i t qua tong hop sc bp cua Xet CO c l u xa hpi nghe nghipp theo khu cupc Tong dilu tra nong thon, nong nghipp vyc nong thon va thj {Bang 2) cho thiy va thuy s i n nam 2011, ea nu'dc eo 20.065 d TPHCM, hau hit c i c tang Idp chuyen trang trai; do, Tay Nam Bp co 6.308 vien ky thupt, quan ly cong ty tap trung d trang trai chilm 31,4%.; Dong Nam Bp c6 khu vyc thi, tiep d i n la cac chu tu' nhan 5.389 trang trai, chlem 26,9% Tuy nhien, va nhan vien cung dong dao hon d thj dipn tich dit nong, lam nghipp v i thuy s i n Trong do, ngoii nong dan, cic tang Idp binh quan mot trang trai d vung Dong Nam cong nhan, tho thu cong v i lao dpng glan Bp l i cap nhlt, vdl 10,9 so vdl Tay don CO ty trpng cao han d khu vu'c nong Nam Bp l i 7,3 thon, Dieu niy cho thay sy khic bipt ro ret Mpt dilm khic bipt nOa v l eo c l u xa hpi v l CO cau xa hpi giOa nong thon va thi, Tuy nhien, du d nong thon hay thi, co nghe nghipp d Dong Nam Bp v i Tay Nam l e THANH SANG - NGUYgN TH| MINH CHAU - CO CAU PHAN T A N G XA HQI c l u cae ting lop xa hpi d TPHCM d i u t h i hien SU' vu'ot troi v l trinh c5o phat triln kinh tl-xa h|i so vdi viing c l n lai Dilm khac bi§t n l i bjit nhlt la ngoai ting Idp quin ly cIng ty, ting Idp chii tU' nhan va ting Idp nhan vi§n d TPHCM cung rIt ding dao so vdi B l n g Nam B | va Tay Nam B | Sv khac bi$t phan anh trinh d l phat triln ciia nln kinh t l thj (du cdn d qui mo vira va nho) d TPHCM eae hon rIt nhilu so vdi vung eon lai Giifa Blng Nam Bo va Tay Nam B | eung CO SU' khac biet dang k l glda khu vu'c nIng then va thi (Bang 2) Nhin Chung, tang Idp nong dan eua viing diu tap trung d khu vu'c nong thin; nhien nong dan Idp gida d khu vu'c th| Tay Nam Bo cao hon g i p doi so vdi khu vuc thi d Dong Nam Bo (16,9% va'8,0%); d l nIng dan Idp tren d Ding Nam BO eao hon va tap trung d khu vu'c nIng thdn (14,4% so vdi khu vyc thi la 0,8%) D i l u cho thiy d nhilu thi trln va thj xa nho, san xult nong nghiep v i n c l n kha p h i biln, mire dd ehuydn hda ode nganh eing nghiep va dich vu eon thIp, chu'a t h i hien du'O'e tinh hien dai eua mpt xa hpi thj Co d u xa hoi nghl nghiep vay v l eo ban v l n phan anh tinh U'U trpi cua eo d u xa hoi truyin thing Swphin ting xa hOi dwdi gdc dO gidi Du'di goc dp gidi, co d u eae tang Idp xa hpi cho thay mot mat the hien su' phan cdng theo gidi va mH khac la sy y l u thi hon cua phu nu' so vdi nam gidi Ty trpng phu nCr eae tang Idp quan ly nha nu'dc, quan ly cdng ty deu thIp hon nhilu so vdi nam gidi Trong dd, ty phg Bang Co cau cSc ting lOp xi hOi co ban d TPHCM, DOng Nam Bo va Tay Nam Bo phan theo nOng thOn/dO thi eothi Tang Idp TPHCM Quan ly nha nude 2,6 Quan ly cOng ty 4,0 OOng Nam BO 5,2 NOng thOn Tay Nam BO 4,9 TPHCM 3,1 OOng Nam BO 1.4 Tay Nam BO 3,0 1,3 Chii tu nhan 20,0 6,4 4,2 9,4 1.6 1,9 ChuyOn viOn ky thuat 11,0 7,6 11,3 1.9 2,1 2,6 Nhan viOn 36,5 16,3 17,6 29,4 9,3 9,3 Cong nhan-tho thu cOng 16,6 18,3 18,3 25,0 10,0 8,6 NOng dan lOp trOn 0,0 0,8 2,1 14,4 8,3 NOng dan Idp giCra 0,0 8,0 16,9 26,2 32,9 NOng dan Idp du'di 0,8 12,7 14,1 14,4 19,6 19,5 Lao dOng gian don 8,6 24,7 10,6 15,6 15,4 14,1 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0 501 251 142 160 623 626 Tong so (%) N Wgudf? Vi0n Phat triln Bin vdng viing Nam BO, Kit qua dieu tra TPHCM, Dong Nam BO (2010) va Tay Nam Bp (2008) LE THANH SANG - NGUYEN THI MINH CHAU - CO CAU PHAN T A N G X A H Q I nij- cac tang Idp ehu tu- nhan, chuyen vien ky thugt va nhan vien cao hon nhilu so vdl nam gidi d ca vung D i e bipt d TPHCM thi s y chpnh Ipeh k h i Idn glOa nam v i ni> iam ehu tu- nhin, 20,7%) nu- va 13,5% nam Trong dd d Tay Nam Bp v i Dong Nam Bp, ty Ip chenh Ipch giu'a nam va nu' gan nhu tuong du'O'ng (Bing 3) Bao c i o khao s i t cua Phong Thu'ong mpi Cdng nghipp Vipt Nam cho rang, nhin chung d VIpt Nam ty Ip doanh nghipp nu* lam ehu khong cao; ni> doanh nhin dang dilu hanh khoang 1/4 s i doanh nghipp dang hopt dong v i 1/3 so hp kinh doanh c i the Kit qua c i c cupc khao s i t n i y tu'ong dong vdl kit qua khao sat mdc song d i n cy nim 2009: ty Ip lao dpng trpng tang Idp quan ly rIt thIp, Ipl eo sy chenh Ipch giu'a nam v i m tu'ong li'ng la 1,3%o v i 0,4%; nhien, ty Ip nu' lam cac cong vipe CO trinh dp tir trung elp trd len Igi cao hon nam (8,7% v i 7,3%)); ben cpnh do, s y phan cong theo gidi Ipi the hipn ro la phy nO thu'dng l i m ITnh vyc budn b i n , djch vy ca nhan nhilu ho'n g i n gIp doi so vdl nam (16,4% va 8,7%)); ngu-oe Ipi ITnh vyc nong l i m thuy san thi ty 10 tham gia lao dpng eua nam lai cao han (Bang 4) v l eo bin, cac khuon m i u chinh v l sy khic bipt gidi co c l u phin ting xa hpi d TPHCM khong khic ding ke so vdl Dong Nam Bp v i Tay Nam Bp Xu hu'dng thdi glan tdi, nii' tham gia v i o vj tri quan ly, l i m chu tw nhin cao hen theo chiln lu'oc qule gia binh dang gidi giai doan 2011-2020 de nhlm giam khoang cich gidi ITnh vyc kinh t l , lao dpng v i vipe lim, tang sy tham gia eua phy nij v i o cac vj tri lanh dgo, quan ly Bang Cic tang Idp xa hoi ca ban a TPHCM, fiong Nam Bo va Tay Nam BP phin theo gidi tinh Nam Tang Idp TPHCM BOng Nam BO Quan ly nha nude 4,0 2,7 Quan ly cOng ty 6.3 Chii t u nhan ChuyOn vien ky thuOt Nu Tay Nam BO 3,2 TPHCM 1,7 DOng Nam Bp 1,7 TOy Nam BO 4,3 1,7 13,5 2,7 2,1 20,7 4,0 3,6 7,3 3,4 3,5 10,1 4.6 7.1 Nhan vien 30.7 9,3 7,6 38,3 19,4 25,0 COng nhan-tho thu cOng 22,8 13,6 10,8 15,1 7,4 7,9 NOng dan Idp tren 11.7 7,8 5,7 4,3 Nong dan Idp gida 22,3 32,6 14,9 17,9 14,3 NOng dan Idp d u d i 5,3 16,6 19,4 3,1 21,7 Lao dOng gian don 11,2 17,5 12,9 9,5 20,6 15,7 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0 100.0 100,0 303 698 628 358 175 140 Tong so (%) N Ngudn' Vipn Phat trien Bin vOng vung Nam Bp, Kit qua dilu tra TPHCM, Dong Nam Bp (2010) v i Tay Nam Bp (2008) 26 LE THANH SANG - N G U Y £ N TH| MINH CHAU - CO CAU P H A N T A N G X A HQI Bang Cc clu phin ting xi hpi phin theo gidi tinh nim 2009 C o c l u n g h l nghiOp Ting Nam NO c a n bo quan ly 0,9 1,3 0,4 Nhan viOn eO chuyOn mOn ky thuat cao 4,4 4,3 4,6 Nhan ViOn cO ChuyOn mOn ky thuOt trung binh 3,6 4,1 Nhan viOn cO ChuyOn mOn ky thuat t h I p 1,3 1,3 1,3 Dich vu, buOn ban cO nhOn 12,4 8,7 16,4 NOng, lam vO thuy sOn 18,5 20,2 16,7 Tho thu cOng va cac loai cOng nhan khac 11,6 16,1 6,7 8,2 40,3 36,8 Sua cho-a vO d i l u k h i l n may Lao dOng gian don 5,7 44,1 Nguin: Ting eye Thing k§ Ting dilu tra mdc sing hO gia dinh nam 2009 Bang Hpc vln ciia cac ting lOp xa hOi co ban d TPHCM, DOng Nam BO va Tay Nam BO Muc hoc van Chenh lOch so vOi ChOnh lOch so voi (s6 nam hoc) lao dOnq qiSn dcrn (lanl TPHCM (Ijn) Dfing TSy DOng Tay Tay D6ng TPHCM TPHCM TPHCM Nam BO Nam BO Nam BO Nam BO Nam Bq Nam BO Quan ly nha nude (*) 14 10 11 2,3 1,7 2,8 1,0 0,7 0.8 15 Quan ly cOng ty 2,5 Chij tu nhan 10 1,7 1,5 2,3 1.0 1.0 1,1 ChuvOn ViOn kv thuOt 15 14 14 2.3 2,5 3.5 1,0 0,9 0.9 Nhan viOn 9 1.5 1,5 1.8 1,0 0.8 1,0 COng nhOn-tho thu cong 1,3 1,3 1,8 1,0 0,9 1,0 NOng dan lop trOn 1,2 1,8 NOnq dan lOp qiua 0.8 1,5 10 6 NOnq dan lOp duOi 1,7 1.5 1,0 0,6 0,6 1,0 Lao dOnq qian den 1,0 1.0 1.0 1,0 0,7 1.0 10 Binh quan chung 1,7 1,2 1.0 0.7 2,0 0,8 661 874 N(hO) 768 661 874 768 661 874 768 T i n g Idp Nguin: Vi#n Phat triln Ben vdng viing Nam BO, Kit qua dilu tra TPHCM DOnq Nam BO (2010) va Tay Nam Bp (2008) Nhu c l u ehuyin hp kinh doanh ea the Hoc vin sang hoat dpng theo hinh thire cIng ty Hien ea nu'dc eo 84.8% so ngu'di dang du'oc dly manh se tao them si,r dong dang lam vi§c chu'a qua ddo tao chuyen dao eua dpi ngu doanh nhan nd mon ky thuat va cd sg' chenh lech dang k l nhdng nam tdi v l ty le lao dpng dang lam viec da qua dao cae nguin lye liidng vj t h i xa hpi tao giCra thi va nong thon gida cac cua cac tang Idp xa hpi viing kinh tl-xa hoi'^'; the hien ro Nguin lu'c kinh t l xa hpi ciia eae ting Idp net giira viing TPHCM Dong Nam Bp va xa h|i bai vilt ehi du'oc lu'dng Tay Nam Bo gidi han d chi bao co ban la trinh hpc K i t qua khao sat d TPHCM, Dong Nam Bp v l n va thu nhap va Tay Nam Bo d Bang eho thiy; Mdc LE THANH SANG - NGUY£N THj MINH CHAU - C a CAU PHAN T A N G X A HQI hpc van trung binh cua cae tang Idp x i hOI d TPHCM la Idp 10, cao hon \iy 2-3 Idp so vdi D6ng Nam B | v i T i y Nam B| Ting Idp quin \'^ e6ng ty, chuyen vi6n ky thupt va quan ly n h i nydc c6 trinh dp hpc v l n cao nhlt (cap ding, dpi hpc) C i c ting Idp nhan vien v i cong nhan-tho thu cong cd mdc hpc v l n trung binh, ting Idp lao d|ng glan don e6 mu-c hpc v l n thap nhat, chi d trinh dO tot nghipp tilu hpc Thu nh$p Mot nhOng chi b i o quan trpng nhlt d l lydng vi$c nIm gllJ' nguin lye kinh t l l i mifc thu nhip cua c i c ting Idp xa h$i, Nghien edu niy sy dyng myc thu nhip binh quin nhin khIu h0 va xIp hpng mice thu nh^p cua c i c ting Idp co ban d TPHCM, Dong Nam Bp v i T i y Nam Bp de ed c i i nhin so sinh giOa c i c dja b i n nghien edu Kit qua dilu tra mdc sing dan cu' 2010 ehp thiy: Thu nhip binh quin nhin Kit qua tren cung phu hop vdi kit q u i cua khiu/thang cua nhbm hp ngheo nhlt cupc dieu tra lao dpng vipe lam gin day (nh6m thu nhip 1) t^9t 369 nghin ding, nhlt (quy 2/2011) cua Ting eye Thing k^: TPHCM la nal c6 ty Ip lap dpng d i qua d i o cua nhom hp gliu nhlt (nhbm thu nhpp 5) tpo cao nhat, 17,8%) ti> dpi hpc trd len dpt 410 nghin dong, tang 34,3% v i (chlem ty ip cao nhlt) va Tay Nam Bo la 38,7%o tu-cng dng so vdi nam 2008 Dieu niy cho thiy, sau nam thu nhpp binh vLing eao nhat ve ty Ip lao dpng khong eo quan nhin khIu d c i c nhdm deu ting len chuyen mon ky thuat (chilm 91,7%o) (Bang nhung mdc tang d nhom giau nhlt cao hon 6) Bang 6" Ty trpng lao dpng dang lam vipc d i qua d i o tao cua qu# nSm 2011, % Tong so KhOng cO chyen mOn ky thuat c a nude 100,0 84,8 3,7 3,7 1,7 Nam 100,0 83,1 5.6 3,4 1,2 Noi CLT tru/vung Day nghe Trung cap Cao ding Dai hoc trd len 6,1 6,7 NO 100,0 86,6 1,7 4,0 2,3 5,4 Thanh thi 100,0 68,9 6,5 6,0 2.9 15,8 NOng thOn 100,0 91,0 2,7 2,8 1,3 2,3 cae vCing Trung du vi m i l n nui phia B l c 100,0 86,6 3,6 4,4 2,0 3,5 Dong b l n g sOng HOng (") 100,0 83,1 6,6 4,0 1,9 4,4 5,2 Blc Tning BO vi duyOn hai miln Trung 100,0 86,0 2,9 4,1 1,8 Tay NguyOn 100,0 89,1 1,9 3.7 1,4 3,8 OOng Nam Bp (*) 10O0 87,6 3,7 2,8 1,4 4,6 TOy Nam BO 100,0 91.7 1.8 2.3 0,9 3,3 Ha NOi TPHCM 100,0 69.7 5.3 5.8 2,4 16,8 100,0 70,5 6.1 3.0 2,7 17,8 ' ' Dong bang s6ng Hong kh6ng bao gom Ha HQI va D6ng Nam B0 khong bao gom TPHCM Nguon: Ting eye Thong ke 2011 Bio cio diiu tra lao dpng vi vi$c lim thing diu nam 2011, tr LE THANH SANG - NGUYgN TH| MINH CHAU - CO CAU PHAN T A N G XA HQI Bang Thu nhOp cua cae ting Idp xa hOi eo ban d TPHCM Dong Nam Bp va Tay Nam BO Mire thu nhap binh quan nk/nam (triOu) ChOnh lOch so vdi lao dOng gian don (lln) T i n g Idp TPHCM Quan ly nhO nude''' 32,7 Quan ly cOng ty 77,3 BOng OOng TOy Nam TPHCM Nam BO Nam BO BO 28,3 14.9 2,2 ChOnh lOch se vdi TPHCM (lan) DOng Tay Tay TPHCM Nam BO Nam 80 Nam BO 2,7 2,6 1,0 09 05 0,7 5,2 Chu tu nhOn 401 27,5 27,8 2,7 2,7 4,9 1,0 07 ChuyOn viOn ky thuat 38,8 21,5 21,6 2,6 2,1 3,8 1,0 0,6 0,6 Nhan viOn 22,8 21,5 11,5 1,5 2,1 2,0 1,0 09 0,5 COng nhan-tho thii cOng 21,9 1,5 1.0 0,7 0.7 05 NOng dan Idp trOn NOng dan Idp giu'a 16,3 15,5 35,6 19,3 1,6 2,7 3.5 3,4 13,6 12,2 1,3 2,1 Nong dOn Idp dudi 14.5 11,1 7,3 1,0 1,1 1,3 1,0 08 Lao dOng gian don 14,9 103 5,7 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,0 0.7 0.4 Binh quOn Chung 28,0 17,2 11,6 1,9 1,7 2,0 1,0 0.6 0.4 N{hO) 661 874 768 661 874 768 661 874 768 Nguin Vien Phat tnIn Bin bdng vung Nam BO Kit qua dilu tra TPHCM Dong Nam Bp (2010) va Tay Nam BO (2008) so vdl nhom ngheo nhlt, din tdi khoang each giau ngheo cang tang len So sanh v l mdc thu nhap giira eae tang Idp xa hpi d Dong Nam Bo, TPHCM va Tay Nam Bo (Bang 7), TPHCM la trung tam kinh t l Idn cua ea ni^de, cd mire thu nhap binh quan nhan khau nam 2010 khoang 2,3 trieu/ngudi/thang, cao hon nhilu so vdi tilu viing cdn lai Thu nhap binh quan nhan khIu d Dong Nam Bo la 1,4 trieu/ngtrdi/thang (2010) va Tay Nam Bp g i n tripu/ngu'dl/thang (2008)'^' a hau hit cac tang Idp xa hpi, mire thu nhap d Dong Nam Bp va Tay Nam Bo chi dae dpng d mire td 1/2 d i n 2/3 mire thu nhap tu'ong dng d TPHCM So vdi tang Idp lao dpng gian don, la nhom eo mdc thu nhap thap nhat, ting Idp quan ly cdng ty co mdc thu nhap binh quan eao hon lln, cac tang Idp chu kinh doanh nhd, chuyen vien ky thuat va quan ly nha nu'dc eo mire thu nhap cao hon td 2,2 den 2,7 lln Trong dd, nhan vien va cdng nhan-tho thu cong thupc tang Idp da so eo mdc thu nhap trung binh Ddng Nam Bo va Tay Nam Bo, ndng dan Idp tren eung thuoe tang lop ed mdc thu nhap kha cao va nIng dan idp giira cd mdc thu nhap trung binh Cac tang Idp nong dan idp dudi va lao dong gian don cd nguon li,^c kinh te y l u , thuoc nhom day bac thang phan ting xa hpi Co d u thu nhap d TPHCM (Bang 8) cho thay cac nguon thu rat da dang nhu'ng co L£ THANH SANG - NGUYEN THI MINH CHAU - CO CAU PHAN TANG XA HQI SU' khac biet Idn giCJa edc ting Idp xa hpi Ting Idp quan ly nha nirde, ehuy§n vien ky thuat cd nguon thu nhap ehu y l u td lu'ong chilm tr6n 2/3 tong thu nhap Cdc ting Idp quan ly cong ty, cong nhan-tho thu cdng lao dong gian don cung ed ty trpng thu nhap td lu'ong ehilm g i n mpt nda ting s l thu nhap Tuy nhien, cae ting Idp chu tu- nhan, quan ly cong ty, nhan vien eung phu thupc rIt Idn vao nguon thu nhap cong viec lam an ca nhan/gia dinh tu' t l chde Cae hoat dong cung kha quan d l i vdi mot s l ting Idp khac khu vu'c iw nhan va phi chinh thdc rIt bien Day la hai nguin thu quan trpng nhat eua da s l cac tang Idp xa hpi d TPHCM SP vdi TPHCM, co c l u nguon thu nhap ciia eae tang Idp xa hoi d Ding Nam Bo (Bang 9) ed sif khac biet dang k l Ty trpng tiln lu'ong va thu nhap td cdng viec lam an gia dinh tU' t l chde giam, dd nguon thu td trot chilm d i n 1/5 ting s l thu nhap Nguon thu tir nong nghiep ehu y l u la cac ting Idp ndng dan Idp tren va Idp gida, nhu'ng it quan trpng d l i vdi nong dan Idp du'di Ngoai nguin thu td ndng nghiep, ting Idp ndng dan Idp tren cung c l thu nhap kha cao (khoang 1/3 ting thu) td cac hoat dong san xult kinh doanh ngoai ndng nghiep ea nhan/gia dinh tu' t l chde Day cung la nguin thu chinh eua ting Idp chu tu* nhan, va cong nhan-tho thu cdng Co d u nguin thu nhip cua eae ting Idp xa hpi d Tay Nam BO (Bang 10) v l eo ban cung tu'ong ty nhut d Dong Nam Bo, nhirng phu thupc vap ndng nghiep nang n l hon Ty nguin thu td trIng trot, chan nuoi la 38,1% nguin thu td cac hoat dong san xuat kinh doanh ngoai ndng nghiep cd nhan/gia dinh ty to chde chf chilm mot mdc khiem ton la 8,2%, thIp hon rIt nhilu so vdi Ding Nam Bp Bang Co d u thu nhap cua cac ting Idp xa hpi TPHCM, 2010 Thu nhap binh quOn nhan khau hO tir cOc nguon (InOu/nSm) Tang lOp Tong thu Tien lu'ong t d T i l n luong tir Thu nhap tir viOc Thu td Thu nhOp viOc lam ehlnh viec lam them lam gia dinh/ nOng tir cac phi nOng nghiOp phi nong nghiOp ca nhan tu to chde nghiOp nguon khOc Quan ly nha nu'dc 100,0 68,4 1,5 10,4 1.4 Quan ly cOng ty 100.0 45,8 1,8 44,2 0.0 8.2 Chu tu nhan 100.0 11.9 04 67,3 0,1 20.3 ChuyOn vien ky thuOt 100.0 66.8 2,6 14 0,1 16,5 Nhan viOn 100.0 37.1 1.5 405 02 20.7 COng nhOn-Thp thu cOng 100.0 41.1 0.7 29,7 03 28.2 NOng nghiOp 100,0 37.7 1,5 17,9 5,9 37.0 Lao dpng gian don 100,0 45,6 1,9 34,4 0,0 18,1 Toan TPHCM 100,0 37,3 1,3 40,9 0,3 20,2 \lgudn: Vipn Phit triln Bin vdng vung Nam 86, Kit qua dilu tra TPHCM, 2010 18.3 L£ THANH SANG - NGUYEN TH| MINH CHAU - CO CAU PHAN T A N G X A HQI Bang Co clu thu nhap cua cac ting Idp xa hOi: OOng Nam BO, 2010 Thu nhOp binh quan nhOn k h l u hO td cOc nguOn (triOu/nam) Tiln lu'ong tir TlOn luxyng tir Thu nhap tir viOc TrIng T6ng thu viOc lam chlnh ViOc lam thOm ph lam gia dinh /cO trpt phi nOng nghiOp nOng nghiOp nhan tu td chCrc TSng Idp QuOn iy nhO nu'dc Chu tu' nhan ChuyOn viOn ky thuat NOng dOn lOp trOn NOng dan Idp giOa NOng dan lOp duOi COng nhanthp thii cOng Nhan ViOn thuang maidich vu N % Chan nuOi TTlu khac 28,3 12,0 0.4 1,6 4,3 0,4 9,6 100,0 42,3 1,5 5,7 15.1 1,5 33.8 27,5 5.5 1.0 18,2 1.0 0,1 17 % 100,0 20.1 3.8 66.0 3,6 0.3 6.2 21.5 13,5 0,7 5.9 0.1 0.1 1.2 100,0 62,6 3,5 27.7 0,6 0,2 5,4 35,6 1,5 0,6 11.7 18,3 1,0 25 % 100,0 4,3 1,7 32,8 51,3 2.8 7,1 13,6 2,5 0,5 1,8 5,1 1,0 2,7 100,0 18.2 3,8 13.3 37.4 7,5 19,6 11,1 4,6 0,7 1,6 2,3 1.1 0,8 % 100.0 41,5 6.7 13,9 20,8 102 6,9 16.3 8,1 0.1 7,2 0,3 0.3 0.1 % 100.0 50,0 0.8 44,4 2,0 2,0 0.9 21.6 4,4 0.1 13,0 0,6 0,2 3.2 % 100.0 N N % N N % N N N 20,4 0.4 60,4 2.7 1,0 15,1 Lao dOng giOn N don 10.3 7,0 0.2 2,5 0.2 0,1 0,4 % 100.0 68.0 1,9 24,2 1,6 0,8 3,5 N Tinh Chung DOng Nam BO 17.2 5.2 0,4 5,5 3,7 0,6 1,7 % 100.0 30.3 2,5 32,1 21.4 3,6 10,1 Nguon: Vipn Phat triln Bin vdng viing Nam BO (32,1%) Ngoai thu nhap td nong nghiep d l i vdi eae ting Idp nong dan (chilm d i n 69,1 % d nong dan Idp tren va tren 40% d l i vdi nIng dan idp gida va Idp du'di), tiln lyong la nguin thu chinh ciia ting Idp lao dpng gian don, quan ly nha nydc va cIng nhan-tho thu cong Cae so sanh trSn eho thiy myc dp da dang ciia nguin thu theo hydng giam d i n ty TPHCM, Dong Nam Bd va Tay Nam Bp MOT S NHAN X t T VA T H A O LUAN cac ting Idp xa hpi d Nam Bp hien phan anh sy thay doi da dang v l co d u Kit qua dilu tra Ddng Nam BO, 2010 x§ hpi sau 25 nSm B i i mdi va dang tiep tyc thay d l i nhanh chlng dydi tac dpng eiJa qua trinh cIng nghiep hda, d l thj hoa va phat triln kinh t l cua viing Co d u xS h l i viing Nam Bp bao g l m nhilu ting Idp xa hpi vdi myc dp chilm gid khac dli vdi cac nguin lye kinh t l , giao due va c6 s y khac dang k l giu'a TPHCM, Ding Nam Bp va Tay Nam Bp Qua trinh Bii mdi da d i n den sy xult hi$n va Idn manh eua ting Idp quan ly doanii nghiep va t i n g Idp tilu ehu d TPHCM va cae thi viing Qua trinh D l i mli L£ THANH SANG - NGUYgN TH| MINH CHAU - CO CAU PHAN TANG XA HQI eOng da hinh nen ting Idp nong gia, sy manh nha cua ting Idp doanh nhan nIng nghiep vdi cac trang trai kha Idn d Dong Nam Bp vi mOt mdc dp thIp hon d Tay Nam Bp Day la nhdng nhan t l mdi, ding vai f r i tich eye treng phat triln kinh t l Ting Idp chuyen vien ky thulit la nhOng ngydi e l trinh dd hpc v l n va chuyen mIn k9 thult cao nhlt nIm gid eae vj tri quan trpng nhilu ITnh vyc kinh tl-xa hoi, va c l nguin lye dang k l v l kinh t l Hp ehlnh la lye iygng ehu y l u tae nOn ting Idp trung lyu ding dap cae xa hpi phat triln Ting Idp t i p trung ehu y l u d TPHCM va cac thj Idn dii chya chlem ty trpng Idn Nang cap nguin nhan lye thong qua giao dijc dao tao va chuyin djch CO d u kinh t l gan liln vdi viec hinh tang Idp Ting Idp lanh dao oang, chinh quyIn, doan t h i , t l chde sy nghiep la nhCrng ngydi nIm gid' cac vj tri then ehlt guing may lanh dao d dja phyong, c l nguin lye cao v l giao due va kha v l kinh te so vdi m$t blng chung cua vlng Nam Bp Ting Idp chilm giy nhilu nguin lye d eae thj, khiem t i n hon d nIng thdn nhyng d i u tang len so vdi trydc day CIng nhan-tho thu cong va nhan viOn la ting Idp nam d khpang giCJa blc thang xa hpi Ting Idp chilm ty trpng cao d cac xa hoi d l thj, d n g nghiep; cu t h i ting Idp ndy d TPHCM va Ding Nam Bo cao hon Tay Nam Bp Ndi tdm lai, eo d u xa h|l d TPHCM the hi$n ro tinh ehlt phan ting thep mpt xa hpi d l thi; Dong Nam Bp dang qua trinh ehuyin dqng td xa hpi ndng nghiep sang xa hpi cing nghiep; va Tay Nam Bp v l n cdn t h i hien nhilu tinh chat eua mot xa hoi nong nghiep-truyin thong Bang 10 Co d u thu nhjp eiia cac tang Idp xa hOi Tay Nam BO, 2008 Thu nhap binh quOn nhOn khIu hO tir cac nguon (triOu/nOm) T i n g Idp Ting thu Tien lyong tir Tien luong td Thu nhOp tCr viOe lam chlnh viOc lOm them ViOc lam gia Trong phi nOng dinh/ca nhan phi nOng tipt ty to chirc nghiOp nghipp Chan nuOi Thu khac Quan ly nha n y d c 100 67,5 1,3 0,9 15,5 5,6 9,2 Chii t u nhan 100 47,2 0,6 38,7 2,1 0.9 105 ChuyOn viOn k f thuOt 100 61 1,9 07 5,5 26.9 NOng dan Idp trOn 100 5,6 3,6 1,2 69,1 15,4 6.1 6.7 NOng dan Idp gida 100 15.3 9.3 5,1 44,6 19 NOng dan Idp d y d i 100 23 1,8 41,5 17,2 8.6 COng nhan-tho thii cOng 1,9 10,4 3,6 23.5 9.2 100 58.6 NhOn vign thuo'ng mai-dich vg 10O 48.7 1,7 28,9 8,2 3,3 Lao OOng gian don 100 75,5 4.8 6,6 2,9 8.2 Tinh ehung cho TOy Nam BO 100 36 4.8 8,2 28 101 129 \lgu6n: VI0n Phit triln Bin vOng vDng Nam Bp, Kit qui dieu tra Tiy Nam Bp, 2008 L £ THANH SANG - NGUYgN THI MINH CHAU - 0 CAU PHAN T A N G XA H Q I , £ ) l d i r a m p t b p ( ^ i n d i n cur ti> c a c t i r t g Idp xa hoi t h i p h o n ten cac t a n g Idp x i hpi cao horn c a n t a o d i l u kien d l n a n g c a o c a c t h i so sanh v l c a e i u ngudn thu nhdp Sir khac v l c a c i u ngudn thu nhap phan anh s v khdc v l trinh dp phal tnen kinh :e a t i n g Idp xd hdi n g u o n lire v l kinh te v i h o c v l n c u a d a n o r n h i m tao s i r c h u y e n djch tir t i n g I d p x i hpi n i y sang tang Idp xa hpi khac cao h a n c h i r khong phai t h u i n la s i r thay doi n g h l n g h i e p c u n g m p t vi tri xa hoi N l u k h o n g c h u y d e n q u a t r i n h n i y thi s i r c h u y i n dich n g h l nghiep va dia b a n c i r I'-u chf !a SU" thich nghi v d i s i r thay d o i v l c a cau kinh t l c h d k h o n g g i u p hinh t h a n h m p t c a c a u xa hoi cang hien dai Di l i l n v d i s i r p h i n tang x i hpi la s i r p h i n hda xa hoi d a n g t a n g len D^ d a m bao s i r phat t r i l n hai h d a b i n v i r n g t h i viec g i a m k h o a n g each xa hoi b i n g cac c h i n h s i c h TAI LIEU T H A M K H A O Allan G J o h n s o n 1995 The Biackvnt Dk:tk^ary of Sociology B l a u P M D u n c a i O X ) TTeAmenban Occupational Structure New York' Wi*ey B U I T h I C u d n g Le T h a n h Sang 2010 Mot SO van de ve ca ciu xahoivi phin tir': xa hdi Tiy Nam Bo •^^' qua tir cudc khao sit dinh Iwong nim 2008 Tap chi Khoa hpc x a hpi S H a u g Mar>e R 1977 f^easurement n Social StmtSication Annua) Review of Socnlogy Vol kinh te v i c h i n h sicrfi x i hoi d a m bao s i r binh d i n g v l c a hpi kinh t e va an sinh xa hpi h i f d n g d e n so d d n g , tror>g d p c biet Hollingshead A B , Redtich Soaai F.C 1958 Class and Mental Wness New Yoric Wiley c h u y d e n t a n g Idp t h i p (lao d o n g gian d o n , ndng d a n k h o n g dat it dat) la q u a n d i e m chf dao x u y e n suot e i c dinh h i r d n g xay d u n g c a c l u xa hpi hien dai d Na-^ Bp J CHU THiCH '^' Ddng Nam Bp g l m tinh D i r g Nai, Binh Dirong, Binh Phirdc T a / Ninr B i Ria-Vung Tau va TPHCM T u / nhien TPHCM la :^anh o^.c arc Idn vdf cac c o c i u xa hpi 'at k h ^ vdi :'nh lat Do v i y trc^g '^gnien ciru "^ay Chung tPi tach rieng TPHCM de so sanh De cho n g i n gen Deng Nam Bp ng^i^n ciru i'joz h i l u ia ctii bao gom linh khdng tinh TPHCM Le Thanh S a n g 2010 Nghien cuu phin ting xa hqi: TCr ly thuyet den luong thuc nghiem T a p ehi Khoa hoc Xa hpi S d R u n d m a n W G 1968 Class, Status and Power X e m Allardt 1968 Siegel P M 1971 Presfijge in ffie American Occup^ional Stnjctute PhD TTiesis Jr-verety Chicago Chicago Tdng cue T h i n g ke 1 Bao kit qui lao dong viec lam thing d§u nSm 2011 Ha Npi Nxb T h i n g ke 10 Tong cue T h i n g •;£ 2012 iSng dieu tja ndng thdn nong nghiep va thuy san nSiD 2011 Ha N6' Nxb Thong ke '^' Theo Bao c i o k i t q u i lao dong va viec IPm 11 T d n g o j c T h i n g ke 1 Dieu tra muc ;r,a"g dau n5m ' cua Tong cue Ti-c-g kP $6r}g hd gia dinh nim ^' Do CO sir lam phat giira cac nam M v i Nxb T?>dng ke 2009, 2010 Ha N^ 2010, d 5a/ i;hGng so s a r ' i t-i/c t i l p mirc thu 12 T i n g eye T h i n g ke 2010 Kit n h i p binh qua- nhan khau hd g j a T i y Nam xuat kinh doanh cua doanh nghiep Viet Nam Bo vdl Ddng Nam bo va TPHCM Tuy nhtPn cd nim 2009 H i Npi: Nxb Tlidr>g ke qua san ... tir OOOm^ trd I6n NOng dan cO mire rupng dat trung btnh la lao dpng cO ky t h u j t nOng lam ngy nghiOp va cO mire ruOng d i t binh quan nhan khau hO tir 000-5-OOOm^ NOng dan it h o j c khOng cO. .. ViOc lam thOm ph lam gia dinh /cO trpt phi nOng nghiOp nOng nghiOp nhan tu td chCrc TSng Idp QuOn iy nhO nu'dc Chu tu' nhan ChuyOn viOn ky thuat NOng dOn lOp trOn NOng dan Idp giOa NOng dan lOp... lao dOng c6 ky thuat nOng lam n g y nghiOp va cO mire ruOng a l t binh quan nhan khau hO d y d i I.OOOm^ COng nhan thp thu cOng lanh nghl gom nhtrng ngydi la thp thu cOng c6 ky thuat va cac tho