Tlf SONG cAu Bft'iV TIJY lldA - Sif TIIAY BOI Kiioi^o GiAi\ iMiAx nuj^i^ Kiivii T£' - x A H I d IMI1J \t^ (1»U7-I945) N G O MINH SANG S&ng c i u vft sU phfit t r i i n cua t r u n g tfim thj dr P h u Y i n (1887-1921) - Sdng Cdu vdi vai trd trung hdnh chinh tdm Viphia ehinh quyin bdo hd Phdp, thfing 1-1888, ngUdi Phfip chfnh thflc xfic Ifip hf thong chinh quyen thue dfin cl Phfl Ydn £)flng diu chfnh quyin bao bf 1ft vien Cdng sfl nim gifl quyen cdng chinh vft thUdng chinh, v i sau thue dfin Phfip ban hftnh them quyin Ifinh sU, thay mft Khfim sfl Trung Kf chi d^o mpi hoat dfng tfl tinh trd xuong Giflp vifc cd vien Phd sfl vfi cfic quan lai dflng diu mdi sd, ngfinh chuySn mdn nhu gifim binh, thiy thuic, lye If, chu sd Difn bfio, quan thfl y (1) 'Vidn Cdng sfl din thy chflc diu tien b Pbfl Ydn 1ft Tirant, Phd sfl 1ft Groleau Giflp vifc cho toft Cdng sfl cdn cd cfic quan l^i ngudi 'Vift giii chfle vy tham tfi, phfin sU vfi thdng ngdn Xufi't phfit tfl nhflng toan tfnh vi chfnh tri, quSn sfl vft quyin lgi kinh ti, chfnh quyen bao by chpn Vflng Lfim lfim ndi tpa lac tda Cdng sfl diu tifin b Phfl Yfin Vung Lim n^m vinh Xufin Dfii vfla lfi thfldng cang vfi qufin cang quan b ' ThS Trudng Dai hpc Thu Diu Mft Nam Trung K^ Vi phfa tfiy, Viing L^m gifip vdi dudng thidn 1^, fin ngfl trpng diim cua tinh giing nhU tfim dilm cua tryc tung hofinh vdi hUdng Ddng, Tfiy, Nam, Bie Tfl dfiy vifc tiip flng cung nhu rflt lui eua chfnh quyin bao hf nhanh chdng ed nhflng cufc nii loan dfin ban xfl Mftt khfic, Vung Lim nSm bdn canh thfinh An Thi, phii ly Nam triiu xfiy dUng tfl thdi Minh Mang, cfla Ddng thftnh An Thi thdng vinh Xufin Dfti, sd hflu cfla hiln Tien Chfiu, ndi diin ho^t dfng trao dii, budn bfin tfi'p nf p gifla ngudi ban xfl vdi cfic Ifii budn ngo^i qudc Hft Lan, Phfip, Hoa K^, Bo Dfio Nha NhQng p h i budn bfin ngudi Hoa, dfin ban xfl goi 1ft Khfich trfl dvlng len khip cfic khu vyc thufc vjnh Xufin Dfti Tfl gifla nfim 1888, hf thong chinh quyin th\(e dfin tay sai ngfty cftng md rfng, ngucfi Phfip dy kiin xfiy dung din gifim binh, sd thUdng chfinh, cdng chfnh, y ti phye vy cfng cudc khai thfic thufc dia sfip tdi, chfnh quyin bao hf nhfin Viing Lira khdng phfl hpp d i dfit mft chfnh quyen quy md ldn vft lfiu dfti Thftng 2-1889 (2), chinh quyin thuc dfin Phfip ddi tda Cdng sfl lfing Phflde L^ (Sdng Ciu) vft ddng dfiy TO sOng CAu din Tuy Ijda - stf thay ddi cho tdi ngfty thuc dan Phfip cfio chung Vifc di ddi toft Cdng sfl cua chfnh quyin bao hf nh^m phuc vu y cai tri lfiu dfii, cflng vdi 1ft nhflng chfnh sfich khai thfic thufc dja se dupc trien khai tren khfip dia bfin tinh Phfl Yen Su kifn nfiy kdo theo hftng loat cac sd vdi nhiiu phdng, ban lin lUdt di ddi vi tinh ly Sdng Ciu Sd gifim binh, dflng diu 1ft viin quan chu sd, bdn dudi 1ft cfic din lfnh xanh mdi phu, huyfn vfi cl tfn thdn, budn Dflng diu moi don 1ft vien quan Mft hofic quan Hai, giflp vifc ed quan thdng ngdn ngfldi Viet, bin dudi 1ft dpi lfnh ban xfl nhft cim quyin An Nam cung cfi'p Sd thfldng chinh trUng dung nhiiu phdng phu trfich cfic vfi'n d i nhu phdng quan ly xufi't nhfip cang, phdng quan ly muoi, phdng thui ve budn ban, niu rUdu ThUe dfin Phfip dat phdng quan ly xufi't nhfip cang tham tfi, thfla hftnh vft mpt so vien lai giup viec thflc hifn thu thue, ve sau dSt them ddi canh sat ve sinh Ve phia chinh quyen An Nam, nfim 1888, chinh quyen bao hd dftt tda Cdng afl tai Viing Lfim ndn tinh dudng phai ddi lftng Tan Thanh (Xufin Thp II, Sdng Cau) theo yeu ciu cua ngUdi Phap Nftm 1889, tinh ly ddi v i lai thftnh An Tho Vft din nfim 1899, tinh ly ddi thdn Long Binh (Sdng Ciu), niim bdn canh tda Cdng sfl Phu Ydn xip vfio hang tinh nhd, dflng diu 1ft quan Tuin vfl, k i din quan An sat Doc hpc, Lanh binh Theo Nghi dinh ngfty 27-3-1890, Toftn quyen Ddng DUdng sat nhfip tinh Phfl Yen vft Binh Dinh thftnh tinh Binh Phu cdng sfl Qui Nhdn cai quan Chfnh quyin An Nam thuyen chuyin quan Tuin vfl Phfl Ydn Qui Nhdn giflp vifc quan Tong doc Binh Phfl, hd' nhifm quan Bo chfnh dflng diu tinh Nfim 1926, chinh quyen An Nam lai df.t quan Tuin vu thay t h i quan B i Chinh dflng diu tinh Phfl Yen tinh dudng cd ty: Ty phien vft ty niit Dflng diu ty phidn lfi quan Thdng phfin, bao gdm cac tfto lai, ll, hf, cdng, nhifm vy giflp vifc eho quan Tuin vu Ty niit giflp vifc cho quan an sfit, diu ty 1ft quan Kinh ljch Mdi ty c6 cac Thfla phfii vft Hftu bo giflp vifc Vi vd quan cd Di die, Chfinh phd Lftnh binh, Quan cd Suit dfi, Hifp quan, Ddi trudng Chiu trfich nhifm quan ly giao dye thi cfl tinh cd cfic quan: Doc hoc coi sdc ca tinh, Giao thy phu trfich phu vft Huft'n dao d cfi'p huyfn Nhu vfiy, ke tfl thfing 2-1889, Sdng Ciu trd thfinh tinh ly Phfl Yen, la trung tam hfinh chinh, ndi hfi tu eua quyen dieu hftnh cfic cfi'p khfie d Phfl Yen Ly giai ly vi chfnh quyin thUe dfin Phap chpn Sdng Ciu lfim tinh ly, theo chflng tdi, budc diu cd hai 1^ khien ngudi Phfip di din quyit dinh nfty Thfl nhfi't, vi mfit so lUpng quan lai ngudi Phap d Trung Kf khoang thdi gian thiiu hut rfi't nhiiu nen khdng du cai tri b Phfl Ydn, nen hp quyit dinh di ddi toft Cdng sfl ve Sdng Ciu, ndi cfich Qui Nhdn hdn 60 cay so c6 thi h i trd eho Thfl hai, ve dieu kifn hfiu d Sdng Ciu, ndi dfiy cd hfiu khfi mfit me phfl hdp vdi ngUdi Au, vdi dfla vft dft't cfit, thudng cd nhflng mach nfldc ngim da lftm cho hfiu Sdng Ciu khae bift so vdi cfic vflng khfie tinh Phu Ydn Chfnh nhflng 1^ nfty khiin ngudi Phap chon Sdng Ciu lftm tinh ly Ve sau vdi nhieu myc dich khfie chinh sfich khai thfic thudc dia, ngfldi Phfip md rfng Sdng Ciu thftnh trung tfim phfit triin kinh t i - xa hpi b Phfl Yen - Song cdu vdi vai tro trung tdm kinh td Sdng Ciu trd tmng tfim kinh t i cua Phfl Yen xufi't phat tfl nhiing ehinh RflhKtn eiiru Idch sJr stf 3.201g sach khai thfic thufc dja cua thyc dfin Phfip Trong khoang thdi gian tH 18881921, chfnh quyin Phfip tht^c hifn chinh afich then chit, nii hft lfi diu tu phfit triin cang th}, cy thi b Cfl Mdng vfi vjnh Xufin Dfii trd thfinh hai cang "thiiOng mgi vd xudt khdu" quan trpng b xfl Trung Kf •^ tudng quy ho^ch cang thi b Phfl Yin manh nha tfl nfim 1890, biiu hifn ldi nhfn xit cua viin Cdng afl Tirant vi tim quan trpng cua vinh Xufin Dfii (3): "V/n/i Sdng Cdu Id mpt nhiing vinh d^p nhdt trin todn thi gidi md 100 tdu c6 thi din thd neo d ddy", aau dd dfch thfin dng ta da d i nghi nhft cim quyin: "nd phdi dugc thiia nhdn la hdi cdng chinh ciia miin Trung An Nam" (4) Vinh Xufin Dfii cd vi trf quan trpng doi vdi tinh Phfl Ydn lieh stjl, 1ft ndi di tru vft lftm ftn eiia mft bd phfin khdng nho ngUdi Hoa Kiiu b Vung Lim, Tien Chfiu (nim Vinh Xufin Dfti), ndi thufin Ipi eho sfl phfit trien dich vy vfn chuyen dudng biin, nhfi't Ift dieu kifn khd khfin vi giao thing dudng bd khoang thdi gian nfty Xdt vi quy md cua hai cang, Cfl Mdng vft vinh Xufin Dfii khdng sfinh bing cfic hai cang b Hai Phdng, Dfi Nftng, Sfti Gdn, nhung xdt vi vai trd, vj trf vft tfnh chfi't, cbflng tdi nhftn thft'y cd mft s i diim quan trong: Thd nhdt hki cang Cfl Mdng, Xufin Dfti ddng vai trd "cang trung gian", 1ft ndi trung chuyin hftng hofi ndng san b khu vi^c Trung Kf, tr^m tiip nhidn lifu vft lUdng thi^c cho cfic tftu ngoyi qu6c hofc tftu hftnh trinh Bic Nam, ndi trfl i n an toftn thdi tiit diln biirt xiu TTiii hai, cang thi Cfl Mdng vft Xufin Dfti ddng vai trd quan trong chfnh sfich dfc quyin khai thfic vft tfich cao nguydn khdi lftnh t h i Trung Kf cua thi^c dftn Phfip Nhflng nguin Ipi tfti nguyfn, hfing hofi ndng t h i san b eao nguydn vfn chuyin b ^ g dudng bf qua tinh Phfl Ydn, sau dd vfn chuyin tdi vinh Xufin Dfti, Cfl Ming d i chuydn ch5 vfto cfic cang ldn Tfl nhflng f tudng cua Tirant, sau thdi gian tim hiiu vft triin khai cfic chinh sfich khai thfic thudc dia, chfnh quyin Phap tfp trung vfto phfit triin kinh t i Phfl Ygn theo hudng thUdng mai vft djch vy Chfnh quyln Phfip xfiy dung cftc tr^im t h u i quan, cU xfi cho cfic thuy thu, thiit Ifip phdng canh sfit vf sinh hftng hai vft md tuyin dUdng thiiy npi dia, quic t i cl v^nh Xufin Dfti vfi Cfl Mdng Cy thi, vfio nfim 1911 thUc dfin Phfip da cho xfiy dyng cfl xfi vdi nhft phy cho uy thfic viSn vft cU xfi cho cfic thuy thu cl vinh Xufin Dfti Vi sau nhu ciu gifl ^ n vf sinh cung nhu bao vf an ninh h cfic cfla hiln, chfnh quyin thyc dfin da thiit Bfing 1: So lu^rng tftu t h u y i n cfp cftng d v|nh Xufin Dfti vft C^ Mong (1904 -1909) (Do: CM -£ftdn^ Th uS'quan 1904 1906 1907 1908 1909 Xugn D M 489 Cu Mdng 265 C«ng 744 622 1682 1884 539 646 319 676 2430 858 2358 Ngudn: Tdng h(;p til cfic bfin bfio cfio Bapport ^onomique province de Phu Yen, Residence de Song Qui, aimfe 1904-1909 TC sing eflu din Tiry ^da - su may dit Ifip phdng canh sfit vf sinh hftng hai b Cfl MSng, Xufin Dfti vft Ding Trach Song song vdi vifc diu tU xfiy dflng cfic cd sd phye vu khai thac thufc dia, chinh quyin Phfip md cfic tuyin vfin tai hftng hai dudng dfii Qui Nhdn • Sdng Ciu - Sfti Gdn va ngUdc l^i Hfing Berthet - Charriere nhfn thiu diu tien, hfing nfiy dUa ehiic tftu hdi nUdc Hdldne hoat ddng thudng xuyen b vflng bien Phfl Yen tfl nfim 1901 Chiic tfiu hdi nUdc Hdldne vfin chuyin hfing hda tfl Sdng Ciu - Qui Nhdn, Sdng Ciu • Sfti Gdn vft ngUdc lai, cudi cflng bi mfic can cl vilng biin Tuy Hda Nftm 1909, dng Dom Bazin nhfin thiu vfin chuyen hftng hda dUdng dfii tfl Viing Lira, Sdng Ciu di Sfii Gdn vdi ehiic tftu hdi nUdc eua hang dng Vdi vifc xfiy dung cd sd vftt chfi't tren, thue dfin Phfip phfit trien quy md cang Cfl Mong, Vung Lfim, Sdng Ciu trd thfinh "cdng trung gian" vfin ehuyen hfing hoa khdng chi b Vift Nam mft vUdn tftn khu vuc Ding Nam A vft Ddng A Theo kit qua thing ke cua Phdng T h u i quan Cfl Mdng vfi Xufin Dai thi lUdng tftu thuyin eftp cang tfl nftm 1904-1909 1ft 7.012 chiic, dd thuyin ghe ngUdi Vift khoang 6.911 chiic, tftu thuy ngoai quic lfi 83 chiic; lUpng tfiu xuat cang b Phfl Yen 1ft 6.522 cbiic (5) Gdp phin thflc diy sU phat triln giao thdng dudng bien phai k i den so lUdng ldn ghe thuyen ngudi ban xfl, hdn 6.911 chiic ghe biu ngudi ban xfl cfip cang Viing Lfim, Sdng Cau, Cfl Mdng tfl nfim 1904-1909, chia lftm loai: ghe thuyen cua cac lai thUdng ngudi Vift vft ngudi Hoa; ghe thuyin vfn chuyin hftng hda ngudi Phfip thue; ghe thuyin dfinh ca cua ngU dfin Trong quy^ III nfim 1908, cdng sfl Phfl Yfn da cfi'p 800 gifi'y thdng hfinh cho loai ghe nfty Hoat ddng cua loai ghe thuyin ban xfl theo mua thu hoach cua ndng tho san vfi thdi gian boat dfng cua gid miia Ddng Bic vft Tfiy Nam Vfio mfla thu hoach ndng t h i san vft muii, thuyin eua efie Ifii thUdng cfip cang Cfl Mdng, Vung Lim vft Sdng Ciu thu mua, sau dd vfin chuyin din cac tinh Nam K^ (ehu yiu Cin Thd, Rach Gifi, My Tho, Vinh Long, Sfii Gdn), Trung KJ (Quang Nam, Quang Ngai, Phan Rang, Binh Thuf n) vft Bfic K^ Trong thdi gian nfty hoat dpng thUdng m^i b Cfl Mong vft Vflng Lim dupe diy manh Theo thong ke cua phdng Gifim thu Xufin Dfti vfi Cii Mdng, hoat dfng thUdng mai nfim 1909: Xuft't khiu 8.338 tfi'n vdi gifi tri 2,3 trifu Franc (fr), mfit hftng xufi't khiu ehu yiu dudng mfit, cau, di gom, dfla khd, ca khd, muii, da dfng vfit, dfiu Ifi'y diu; nhfip khiu 3.552 tfi'n vdi gifi tri 1,1 trifu fr, mfit hfing nhfip khiu nhU cfi khd vfi thit muii, chd Trung Hoa, gd'm Nam Ky, vai, chi cotton, gao trang; so lupng tfiu thuyen cfip cang 1ft 2.307 chiee (tau ngoai quoc 1ft 13 chiic, tau An Nam 2.285 chiic) Theo kit qua thing ke cua Sd ThUdng chinh thi tong lUdng hfing xuft't khiu tai cang Cfl Mdng, Viing Lim vfi Sdng Ciu tfl nftm 1904-1909 lfi 36,1 trieu tfiii vdi gia tri 9,4 trieu fr vftng, dd phdng thue quan Cfl Mdng 1ft 11 trifu t i n vdi gifi tri 2,6 fr, Xufin Dfti lfi 25,1 trifu tfi'n vdi gifi trj 6,8 trifu fr vfing Nhflng mfit hftng xuit khiu chu yiu d Phfl Yen thdi k^ nfty gom gia sue, muoi, dUdng mfit, cau, dfla khd, da dfng vft, lua g^o, cfi khd, nUdc mfim, gom, go vfi cfic lo^i dfiu Hoat ddng thUdng mai quan trpng vft cd tinh chfi't phfle tap tfic ding den nin kinh te thuc dan b Phfl Yen tfl 1887 - 1921 1ft viec xufi't khiu gia sflc Thdi ky diu, xufi't khiu gia sflc Phfl Y6n cfic Ifii thUdng Nam Kf thUc hifn, vdi tinh chit nhd le ndn chUa dupe ngudi Phfip chfl f Chi sau ddn Rflhien eflu Lieh air s6 3.2012 48 ydu ciu cua dng Schoss, nhft tu sfin ngfldi MJ b Sfti Gdn gfli din nhft cim quyln Phfip vi vifc thu mua a i lflt?ng gia sflc tfl 1.000 1.200 vft mft s i gia cim cl Phfl Ydn thi tu ban Phfip mdi quan tfim din nguin Ipi nfty Sau dng Schoss, nhilu nhfi tu san din tfl Philippin df ddn xin trUng mua gia sflc dl xufi't cang vft mft s i xin trUng thufi dfi't diu tu chfin tha gia sflc Trudc tinh hlnh trdn, chfnh quyin thi^c dfin dfi ban hfinh raft vfin ban qui dinh v i vifc xuit cang gia sflc cl cfic tinh Trung K^ vfto nfim 1900, theo dd tu ban Phfip cho phip cfic nhft tu san thfldng m^i dfic quyin thu mua gia sflc b Phu Yen xufi't cang sang Philippin (6) Ki tfl nfim 1900, boat dfng xufi't khiu gia sue b Phfl Yen chu yiu sang Philippin vfi lo^i gia sflc xufi't khiu lfi trfiu bd Theo so lifu thing kd Sd ThUdng chfnh thi s i lupng trfiu bd xufi't cang sang Manila tfl nfim 1906-1908 gin 6.878 tfi'n, rieng nfim 1908 xufi't cang vdi s i lupng 4.101459 kg vdi Ipi nhufln gin trifu fr vftng Gifi xufi't khiu moi loai gia sue ed sU eh§nh lfch gifla ngUa vft trfiu bd, gia ngUa thfldng eao gfi'p 2-3 lin gifi trfiu bd, thdng thudng gifi xufi't khiu trfiu bd loai tfl 23-25 dong/con, gifi trfiu bd loai tfl 18-20 dong/eon; gifi ngUa loai tfl 80-100 dong/eon, gifi ngfla loai 40-60 ding/eon (7) Theo cae ban bfio cfio kinh t i cua tofi cdng sfl Sdng Ciu cho biit tfl nfim 1900- 1908 cd hdn nhft tu san vft hifp hfi din Phfl Ydn thu mua vft diu tU vfto linh vUc chfin nuoi gia sue gim nhfi tu san Jose Gerenacoi, Daniel de Movellan, Matheu (Qui Nhdn), Houdetot (Nha Trang), Defert 1ft' nhflng nhft tU san trUng mua trfiu bd xuft't sang Philippin; Montpezat, Lyard 1ft nhUng nhft tu san thud dit chftn tha gia sflc cl miin tfiy Phfl Ydn Trong so nhflng nhft tfl san trdn, dng Defert d^i difn hifp hfi thu mua gia sflc Ynchanssi dUdc chfnh quyin Phfip Uu tifin vi mft s i quyln h^n vl tfUng mua trfiu bd cl Phfl Y&n, nhft tu san Philippin nfty Ifip mft thUdng diim vft dinh cU lfiu dfti b Viing Lfim, dng thu mua trfiu bd b Phu Ydn vfin chuyin vl Philippin b^ing tftu hdi nUdc t^i q^ng Vflng Lfim Sau mft thdi gian xuit cang, tu ban Phfip nhfin nhflng bfi't cfip vifc xufi't cang trfiu bd sang Manila Niu s i xufi't cang trfiu bd m5i nfim 1ft 2.292,7 tin, thi trung binh mdi nftra tinh Phu Yen xuit khiu sang Philippin 6.550 con, tfnh lien tyc vdng 10 nfim len din 65.550 LUdng gia sflc cung flng xufi't khiu moi nftm si khdng dii, nhflng Ifii thUdng Phihppin phai mua trfiu bd cfii vft bd mong d i xuit khiu, vi vfiy dftn trfiu bd cua tinh khdng cd kha nfing phuc hoi vft se tuyft chung Thdm vfto dd, trau bd 1ft tu lifu san xufi^t ehinh khdng ehl cho ndng dfin Phfl Yen mft ca khu vyc Nam Trung K^ Diiu nfty de dpa din nin an ninh lUdng thi;lc cung nhU nen kinh Bfing 2: Tinh hiM^ xufift k h i u gia sue d Phu YSn nftm 1908 (Sdn vi: kg) Qu* Soluong Cong I 618.260 II 702.130 III 1.139.960 4,101.469 rv 1.641.164 Ngufin: Rapport ^conomique province de Phu Yen, R^idcnce dc Song Cau, ann& 1908 Tilr 80ng Cdu dgn Tuy Ij6a - sy thay dJI t i Phfl Yfin Nhftn thflc dupc vfi'n di trgn, tfl nfim 1909 chinh quyen thUe dfin Phap da cfi'm chi xufi't khfiu trfiu bd sang Philippin vfi tich thu giiy ph6p mfi nhft cim quyin dft cip cho cac nhft tu san b Philippin trudc dd Vdi nhflng chfnh khai thfic thufc dia cua thUe dfin Phfip khoang thdi gian 18871921 cho thiy chfnh quyin Phfip Uu tien Sdng Ciu vdi vai trd lfi trung tam kinh t i Phfl Ydn, phfit triln theo hfldng khai thfic cac mftt hftng ndng san dl xufi't khiu, tfin dyng yiu to' biin dl phfit triln dich vu vfin tai vfi xufi't khiu Dilu nfiy thi hifn dung vdi ban chit vd vdt cua chfnh quyin thi^c dfin Phfip giai doan khai thfic thufc dia lin thfl nhfi't, nhung thdng qua dd phan finh l§n mpt dieu chinh quyin Phap tfin dyng yiu t i biin di phat trien dich vy vfin tai bien vft xuft't khiu b Phfl Yen - Song Cdu vdi vai trd trung tdm vdn hoa, gido due d Phu Yen Nhflng nfim diu t h i ky XX, hf thd'ng chinh quyin thUc dfin vft chfnh afich khai thfic thudc dia eua Phap ngfty cang md rfng b Phfl Yen, ddi hdi phai bo sung lUdng cdng chflc hfinh chinh Tfiy hpe phye vuc d cfic cd quan chinh quyln bao hf, ding thdi thUc hifn fim mUu vdi tay den tfin cft'p xa thdn Ngudi Phap bdt diu trien khai chUdng trinh gifio due Phap - Viet b Phu Yen Theo nguon tu lifu chflng tdi tiip cfin thi chfnh thflc nfim Jipc 1908-1909, chinh quyln bao hf Phap da eho thfl nghifm chUdng trinh hpe nfiy t^i Sdng Ciu, mdi diu chi cd ldp vdi thiy giao vfi 32 hoc sinh, dUpc hpc ling ghip vdi cae ldp theo hf thing gifio dye cu ngfin sach chfnh quyin Nam triiu dfii thp Sau nfim 1916, chinh quyin thi^c dfin Phap chinh thflc trien khai chUdng trinh giao due tilu hpe Phftp - Vift d Phfl Yfin vdi cip hpc Den nfim 1917, ehinh quyln Phfip md thdm trUdng Sd hpe Phfip - Vift dfinh cho nfl sinh (^cole franco - annamite des jeunes files), trUdng d^y nfl sinh nhfp chung vdi trudng Sd hpc Phfip - Vift dftnh cho nam ainh cl Sdng Ciu ChUdng trinh hpc doi vdi ldp nam sinh gom ldp: Ding fi'u, Du bj vft Sd dSng, nfi dyng dUa theo chUdng trinh Hgc quy dUpc ban hftnh nfim 1906 eua chfnh quyln thyc dfin Phfip Dii vdi nfl, chfnh quyin thUe Phap day tiing me de gim tfp viit, tfip doc, hpc tfnh, lufin \f, vf ainh vfi chUdng trinh thUc tfp gom gia chfinh (khfiu vfi, gift giu, niu fin ), nhflng nghi thu cdng dfinh cho phy nfl (thSu, dan, det, lfim bfinh, lftm vudn ) Cbo din nfim 1918, lupng gifio vien day cl trudng Sd hoc Song Ciu 1ft ngUdi, dd hifu trUdng, thiy gifio giang day (instituteur auxiliaire) vft gifio vien nfl (institutrice) (8) Sau Chien tranh t h i gidi thfl Nhfi't, ehinh quyen thUc dfin Phfip tiip tuc thiJc hien chfnh sfich cung eo vfi phfit trien hf thing giao due thuc dfin d Phfl Yen Thdi kf nfty, ehinh quyin bao hp triln khai nin "Hgc chinh tdng quy" tfl cfi'p phu, huyfn din td'ng, xa vdi hftng loat cfic trUdng tieu hpc Phap - Vift ddi Phu Ydn Bfic hoc cao nhit d Phfl Ydn la Tilu hpc vdi loai trudng; Tilu hpc toftn cfi'p (^cole Primaire de plein exereice) Ifp cl tinh, Sd ding Tilu hoc Creole Primaire dlimentaire) Ifip d phu, huyfn vfi Sd hoc cl cfic tong, xfi (^coles eantonales et communales) Vfto nftm 1921, trUdng Sd ddng tilu hpc Sdng Ciu dd'i thftnh trUdng Tiiu hpc toftn cft'p vdi cfi'p hoc, gom: Dong fi'u, Gxf bi, Sd ddng Tilu hpc, Trung ding Tilu hpc vft Cao ding Tiiu hpc, sau dd dUpc thftng ldn trudng tinh Su kifn nfty tao mft bude ngofit doi vdi nin gifio dye Phu Yen thdi thudc Phfip Hf thing gifio due phong kiin chinh thflc chfi'm dflt vai trd dfto t^o nguon nhfin lue, cung vdi nd 1ft hf thong gifto dye Phfip - Vift ehi phSi vft quyet dinh din vifc Rghian eflu Lieh siSr stf 3.2012 dfto tpo dfi ngu tri thflc b Phu Yin Ding thdi tinh ly Sdng Ciu trd thftnh trung tftm dfio tyo dfi ngu trf thflc d Phfl Ydn Tuy HoA vfi sU thay dd'i t r u n g tflm phfit trion kinh t i - xa h^i d Phu Y i n (1921-1945) Thoo nghj djnh ngfty 17-10-1921, chfnh quyen Phfip tfich tinh Phfl Ydn trd thftnh tinh dfc Ifp vfi khdng edn If thufc vfto tinh Binh Djnh Sy chia tfich nfty ed f nghia quan trpng, tinh I'hu Ydn trd vi ddn vj hfinh chtnh cfi'p tinh vft dupc diu tU nhu mpt tinh ly khfic b khu vyc Trung Kf Cung sau nghi dinh nfty, dfinh dfi'u mft sy thay do'i ldn vc chfnh sfich khai thfic thufc dia vfi khong gian phfit trien kmh t i • xa hfi b Phfl Yen, Luc nfty, chfnh quyln Phfip triln khai hftng loat cfic chfnh sftch diu tu khai thac b khu vUc phfa nam tinh Phfl Yen Dfldi dfiy chflng toi xin neu mft vai nhfin to chinh yiu dftn den sU dich chuyin tfl Sdng Ciu din Tuy Hda: Xdy dgng ddp Dong Cam vd biidc chuyen ddi cd cdu kinh ti'dPhu Yen, cac dl an nghien cflu ve vifc xfiy dUng mft hf thing thuy ndng tren sdng Dft R^ng bfit diu vfio nfim 1889, nhUng khdng dUpe chfi'p thuan thiiu hyt vl nguon kinh phf vft nhan cdng Din nfim 1904, dofin kf aU ngUdi Phap gdm Fayard vft Desbos lftm ky sU trudng tiep tue thftm sat, lin nfty phai doftn lftm vifc nghiem tflc vft nhin nhfn lai kit qua khao sftt trudc dd Dofin da tham sfit bfii dfi Tuy Phong, sau dd kjf aU Desbos Ifip mpt bang ke hoach cho vifc xfiy dyng dfip trinh len Sd Cdng chfnh (Travaux publics), nhung khdng duyc chfi'p thufin Mai den nfim 1920, vien ky sU Nordey tiip tye nghien cflu cdng trinh xfiy dUng dip thuy ndng trSn sdng Ba, dUdi sU diiu hfinh cua ky sU trudng Jjcfevre Den ngfty 30-111923, di an xfiy dUng dfip thuy ndng Ding Cam (Tuy Phong) ddgc Toftn quyln D6ng Dudng chfi'p nhftn (9) Hf thing thuy ndng Ding Cam hoftn thftnh da t^o nhflng thay dii ldn linh v^c kinh t i ndng nghifp b Phfl Yfn, budc diu dfto tao dfi ngfl cfin bf kJ thufit ngUdi Vift lao dfng linh vyc ning nghifp vft nhiiu iTnh vi^c khfic Vifc du nhfp nhilu trang thiit bi hifn dgii, cflng vdi lai tpo nhilu giing cfiy tring gdp phin thflc diy ngfinh ndng nghifp Phfl Ydn phfit triln, nfing suit vft san lupng dupc cai thifn, chfi't lUdng cua aan phim ndng nghifp dat kit qua eao dfip flng nhu ciu xufi't khiu ciia chfnh quyin thUc dfin Cflng vdi dd 1ft sU biin dii tinh hinh sd hflu rufng dfi't tfl sau xay dUng dfip Dong Cam da din din sU phfin hda ldn cfic giai ting xa hdi b Phfl Ydn Nfim 1928, hai chuyen gia ngudi Phap 1ft M Chauvin vfi De Visme thyc hifn chuySn khao sat nghien cflu thfinh phin dfi't Phu Yen (10) Hai dng tiin hftnh khao sfit tfl Sdng Ciu vfio den Tuy Hda, dd hai ong chfl f nhfi't lfi nghien ciiu thftnh phin dit dai, dja hinh b cac vflng ta ngan vfi hflu ngpn sdng Dfi R ^ g Ket qua cua cudc khao sfit phye vy eho chfnh sach khai thfic thufc dia vft eho thfi'y sU thay doi cua chfnh sfich diu tu khai thfic eua thue dfin Phfip Vdi nhflng phfin tich vi diiu kifn dit dai, khf hfu, dia hinh vfi sfl thufn ldi vifc tudi tieu nUde hf thong thuy ndng Dong Cam hofin thfinh vflng Ding Bd vft Bftn Thpch, dng Hunegolz quyit dinh diu tfl xfiy di^ng nhft mfiy c h i biin theo ky nghf Tfiy Au dfit b lftng Trung LUdng Vdi nhflng CO ging cua dng, thfing 12-1927, nhfi mfiy chi biin dudng duyc thfinh Ifp vdi tfin gpi Nhft mfiy dudng Vift Nam (Sucrier Viet Nam), day 1ft nhft mfiy c h i biin dfldng theo phUdng phap ky nghf hifn dai thdi biy gid (11) TO sOng CAu dgn Tuy ^6a - sy Hiay ddi Thdi kf diu cdng sufi't eiia nhft mfiy thfi'p khoang 60 tfi'n/ngfiy (1931), aau thdi gian md rpng difn tfeh vft cai thifn cfic giing mfa nhfp tfl Java vdi phUOng thflc tring theo hf thing Reynoso d vflng Tuy Hofi vfi Sdn Hofi da cai thifn c6ng sufi't cua nhft mfiy, tfing ISn 300 - 400 tfi'n/ngfiy vfio nftm 1936 Theo dd, aan lUpng dudng cua nhft mfiy cung thay dd'i thfi't thudng, dinh dilm vfio nftm 1942 nhft mfiy san xufi't dUde 6000 tin Trong tfic phim Dia dii Phd Yin, Nguyin Dinh Cim vfi Trin Si dfi md ta tinh hinh san xufi't dudng cua nhft may nhU sau: "Cach lfim dudng bAng mfiy mdc vfi theo kilu hofi hpc tii tfin Ho dflng din hftng ngftn cong thd, moi ngfty din mft'y mUdi tfiji dudng Dudng tring mft gifi Ipi re cho nen tieu thy rfi't dl dftng" Vdi chu trinh san xuit hifn dai cua Nhfi mfiy dudng Vift Nam dfinh diu budc tiin ldn ngfinh dai ky nghf d Phfl Yen, lin diu tien nhfin dfin Phfl Yen tiep xflc vdi mfiy mdc vfi dfiy chuyin san xuit edng nghifp hifn dai, tfin mfit nhin thiy nhflng san phim dflye ehi bien tfl ky nghf hifn dai Chinh quyin thUc dfin Phap phfic hpa doan dudng sfit xuygn Vift ch^y qua dia phfin tinh Phfl Yen chu yiu dUa trSn ket qua nghien cflu khao sfit cfla Dai uy Dunal tiin hfinh tfl nfim 1900-1904 vdi chiiu dfii hdn 100km vUpt qua hai day nfli Cfl Mdng, Ddo Ca vfi nhiiu sdng, sudi (song Cfii, Dfi R ^ g , Bftn Thyeh ) Den cuoi nfim 1928, du an xfiy dflng dudng sfit di qua dia phfin Phu Ydn dUdc phe duyft, dopn dudng sit cl phia bic tinh Phfl Yen thiit k i chpy dpc theo dudng lidn tinh Chf Thpnh - Phudc Lanh, men theo sdng Cfii vft thung liing sdng Co, vU0t qua duSng him Dfio Thi ^^n Vfin Canh (Binh Dinh), dopn dudng sit nfiy dfii trfin 30km, Km 1134 (ga Myc Thinh) din Km 1171 (ga Chfnh Thanh) chay qua cac ga Muc Thinh, PhUdc Lanh, La Hai, Hfi B^ng, Phong Nign vft Chf Thanh Dopn dudng sit b vflng trung tfim tinh tfl Chf Thpnh din Tuy Hda (tfl Km 1171 din Km 1198) dupc xfiy dung dpc theo dudng thufc dja, di qua cfic ga vfi nhfi chd Pbfl Tan, My Phu, Hda Da, Chfnh Nghia, Minh Chfnh vfi Tuy Hda Din dopn dutfng sit phfa nam tinh di qua cfla sdng ldn Dft R^ng vft Dfi Ndng, dfc bift phai di qua day nui Dgo Ca, ngudi Phfip da xfiy di^g cfiy ciu bfic qua adng Chfla, Dfi Ring vfi Bftn Thpeh, dUdc thiit k i dflng chung cho dudng bd vfi doan dudng sit ehui qua dudng him tai vflng nui Dai Lanh vft mdt dUdng him dfti trln 1km vupt qua day nfli Dfio Ca (12) Din ngfty 2-9-1936, tuyin dudng sfit Bic - Nam lftm le ndi ray tai Km 1222 phfa nam ga Hao Sdn Hoat dfng vftn chuyin dudng sit qua dia phftn Phfl Ydn chinh thflc tfl ngfiy 29-91936 vdi lich tfiu Hft Ndi - Tuy Hda vfi ngfiy 1-10-1936 chuyin tftu diu tidn tfl Hft Nfi den ga Tuy Hda vfto luc 11 gid 30 phflt Vifc hoftn thfinh doan dfldng sit xuyen Vift dfinh dft'u budc chuyin biin ldn linh vUc giao thong ndi rieng vfi linh vUc kinh t i - xa hfi Phfl Ydn ndi chung giai dopn Phfip thudc, dich vy vfin tai dudng sit vfi dudng bf phfit triin, mang lai sU giao lUu kinh ti, vfin hofi, xa hfi vfi gifio dye gifla Phfl Yen vdi cfic vflng miin ca nUdc, tfl day Phfl Yen md rdng gftn kit vdi cac xfl ben ngofti mft trUdc dfiy dupe xem 1ft "mdt cdi phdng rdng ba bikin mifVi chinh sdch gido due, nfim 1922, ehinh quyen Phfip cho xfiy dUng trUdng Sd ding Tilu hpc d Tuy Hda vft Tuy An Ve sau nhu ciu chinh sfich khai thfic thufc dia vft vi tri ngfty cftng quan eua dd thi Tuy Hoft, tfl ban Phap cho md them ldp Trung ding Tilu hpc (ldp Nhi) vft Cao ding Tiiu hoc (ldp Nhft't) fi Tuy Hda vfto nfim 1929, ding thdi cae hpe ainh ci Tuy H6a vft Sdn Hda sS tham dU k^ thi Iiy bing Ri me tai Rghian ethi Hch sir, stf 3.2012 dfiy Si^ kifn nfty dfinh dfi'u hf thing gifio dye d Tuy Hda ngang bing vdi hf thing gifio dye b tinh ly Sdng Ciu Thdi k^ nfty, b Phfl Yin cd trUdng t i chflc thi Ifi'y bing So hpc yiu lupc vft Sd ding Turn hpc Phfip - Vift gim tntdng Tiiu hoc Sdng Ciu (Sdng Clu) vfi Tilu hoc Tuy Hoft (phu Tuy Hofi), ngofti edn trUdng Sd ding Tilu hpc Tuy An cflng t i chflc kf thi Ifi'y bing Sd hpc yiu lUpc Sau tit nghifp trUJng Tilu hpc toftn cfi'p, cfic hpc sinh Phfl Ydn muin hpc lfin bfc Trung hpc phai Bmh Djnh, theo hpc tyi trudng Cao ding Tilu hpe Qui Nhdn (CoUdgo Qui Nhdn) Vi dia ly nhdn vdn, mft yiu ticung gdp phin quan trpng vfto si^ dich chuyin khing gian phfit triln kinh t i - xft hfi Phfl Ydn tfl sau nfim 1921, dd 1ft trfn bfio nfim Gifip T^ (23-10-1924) Trong tfic phim Bia dii tinh Phu Yen, hai tfic gia Trin Si vft Nguyin Dinh Cim dft md ta vi diln biin edn bao nfty nhu mdt trfin sdng thin Chflng tdi xin trich Ipi nhflng ghi ehfip cua hai dng vi cdn bao dac bift nfiy: "Dfi ba trdi mUa t i m ta Nudc sdng Tam Giang len qua cao Toi 22 thang 10, mUa cftng to, trdi den nhu mUc, gid bit diu thii dfl 12 gid khuya, mUa ngdt nhUng gid thdi cftng manh, mpi ngudi diu sd cd cdn bfio to" Vft vfto bud'i sang ngfty 23-10: "Nudc biin cfl theo chfin trang vfto Ngon gid ndm nhfi nh^ dUa vfio Ai nfi'y diu la to: nUde dfing Thinh linh nghe mft tiing rim rfi't ldn, rii tfl dd gid thoi manh, mpnh xfip mfi'y lin ban dfim Nudc cfl dang mfii, dfing mft each mau chdng lp thUdng" Hf qua 1ft Sdng Ciu bi tftn pha nghiem trpng: 'Thftnh p h i Sdng Ciu xUa dpp biet bao, mft bfiy gid, cfiy gay, ciu trdi, nhft sfip, ngUdi vft thfl vftt chit khdng chd chfln, kl sing sdt khflng cdm fin fio mfe, gifiy phflt mfi dfi thfinh mft canh didu tfin thfi tham" (13) Cdn bfio Gifip T^ dfi tfic dfng din nhflng dii thay vl mpi mft b tinh ly Sdng Ciu Sau nfim 1924, mft lfin sdng di dfin cua ngudi Hoa vfio Tuy Hda, ndn dfin so d dfiy tfing ldn vl mfit cd hpc S\^ di cU eua ngfldi Hoa da t i e dfng khflng nhd din si^ phfit triln Clia Tuy Hda vfi BV tftn tyi cua Sflng Ciu, Vung Lim Nhflng thay doi vi mfit dia 1^ nhfin vftn cung tac dfng khdng nhd din phfit triln mft vflng dftt Qua vifc phfin tfch nfty gpi md cho chflng ta nhiiu hudng nghidn cflu vft dfinh gia vi sU phat trien eua vflng dfi't Phfl Yen Ket lueln Qua vifc phfin tfch vi si^ thay doi khing gian phat triln kinh t i - xfi hgi cl Phfl Ydn tfl nfim 1887 - 1945, chung ta nh^n thfi'y rd BU thay dii nfi tai khing gian phfit trien kinh t i - xfi hfi b Phfl Yen, d6 1ft dich chuyin eua hai trung tfim ldn thdi Phfip thupc Sy dich chuyin nfiy the hifn hudng kinh t i phfit triln vi phia nam b Phfl Yen Nhflng nhfin t i d&n din sU dich chuyin nfty, nim npi tai lfin nhflng tfic dfng ngopi tai dUa din sU di chuyin mang tfnh chfi't budc ngofit b Phfl Yfn Sdng Ciu phfit triln kinh t i theo hUdng dich vy vfn tai bien vfi xufi't khiu, phfl hpp vdl cfic chinh afich cua Phfip, nen cd cft'u kinh t i Phfl Ydn thdi k^ 1887-1921 1ft yiu to dieh vy, xufi't khiu vft cang biin quyit dinh Ki tfl sau nftm 1921, Tuy Hda trd thftnh trung tam kinh t i - vftn hda b Phu Yfin, nen cd cft'u kinh t i b Phu Yen, yiu to then chit 1ft ndng nghifp vdi hai cfiy trong: cfiy Ma vft cfiy mia TC sOng Cdu dgn Tuy Ijda - sy thay ddt CHU THICH (1) Chung toi dSn theo tfic ph£m cua Tr£n Si, Nguyin Mnh Cim Dia dU tinh Phi Yin tr 34 vft theo b&i vi^t Hi thdng chinh quyin vd chinh sdch cai tri cua thgc ddn Phdp d Phu Yin (tit 1887 din ddu nhiing ndm XX), T^p cU Khoa h9c xS hfi, a6 4/2008 (2) Chiing t6i cftn cul vfto Paris C, "Voyage d'exploration de Hue en Coehinchine par la route mandarine" Bulletin admimsstratif de TAnnam, Emeat Leroux, Paria, 1898, p.l71 (3) Theo chiing tfii vinh Xufin Dfti raft cfing ail Tirant nhftc cl dfiy 1ft vinh Xufin Dfti bfiy gi6, n6 bao gom cfic cang Vung Utm, bfti Tifin Chfiu, cang Song CSu, (4) D&n bfti viS't cua tac gia A Laborde (1929), La province de Phu Yen, BAVH, T&p 16, eo 4, (Knh Phii Yen), Ban dich, Thuftn H6a, 2003 tr 438 (5) Tong hdp tii cfic ban bfio cfio cua Cong sii Phii Yen: Rapport tconomique province de Phu Yen, ann^e 1904-1909 (6) D5n Rapport Economique province de Phu Yen, ann6e 1900, 1901 (7) Tong hop tu cfic ban bao cfio ciia Cong afl Phii Yen: Rapport Economique province de Phu Yen, annfie 1906-1908 (8) ('Province de Binh Dinh", general de L'indochine, anfie 1918) Annuaire (9), Chung t6i tS'ng hi?p tCr bfio cfio vifc xfiy dyng dfip Thuy n6ng Tuy Hfia lfin Sfl thuy nfing Dflng DuOng Irrigations du Phu Yen (R4seau de Tuy Hoa), Hy draulique agricole en Indochine, annefi 1932, Ha Noi, NgUcli djch ky B\l NguySn Trong Giai, H? thong thuy nfing Tuy H6a (10) Theo tfic phjim Massif de Phu Yen (Dilu kifn ty nhien tinh Phd Yfin) dfing tr6n T^p chf Indochine du Sud nftm 1928 (11) DSn tfic phim Nhd mdy ditdng Tuy Hba • NhOng chang duifng lich sit Chfnh tri Quoc gia, HfiN$i, 1999 (12) Chung toi tdng hOp tii cfic vfin ban lUu triJ hfinh chinh ciia chinh quyln Phfip: Chemin de fer: Khanh Hoa - Tourane - Hue, Phan Thiet Main d'oeuvre • Indeminite de deguerrissement Rapport des cheyaa de mission d'etude 1901-1903 RSA/HC 594; Projet de classement des routes d'accis au gares du chemin de fer 1936 RSA/HC 3327 (13) D5n tfic philm cua Trin Si vft NguySn Dinh Cim Dia dU tinh Phd Yin Qui Nhon, 1937, tr 10