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Tổng hợp cách dùng 12 thì trong tiếng anh (cấu trúc, cách dùng, ví dụ, bài tập vận dụng) dễ hiểu, dễ nhớ:1.Thì hiện tại đơn (The simple present)2.Thì hiện tại tiếp diễn (The present progressive)3.Thì quá khứ đơn (The simple past)4.Thì quá khứ tiếp diễn (The past progressive)5.Thì hiện tại hoàn thành (The present perfect)6.Thì hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn (The present perfect progressive)7.Thì quá khứ hoàn thành (The past perfect)8.Thì quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn (The past perfect progressive)9.Thì tương lai đơn (The simple future)10.Thì tương lai tiếp diễn (The future progressive)11.Thì tương lai hoàn thành (The future perfect)12.Thì tương lai hoàn thành tiếp diễn (The future perfect progressive)
THE USAGE OF TENSES Thì đơn (The simple present) S + V + …… a Được sử dụng với động từ trạng thái bên (2.a) Ex: I understand now That looks good b Chỉ tương lai với động từ là: “open/close”, “begin/end”, “arrive/leave” diễn tả thật Ex: The class begins at ten John arrives at p.m on Sunday c Chỉ thói quen hay hành động thường xuyên (never, rarely, sometimes, occationally, usually, often, always,…) Ex: I always drink coffee for breakfast She gets up at seven every morning d Chỉ thật hiển nhiên Ex: The sun rises in the east Water boils at 1000 C and freezes at 00 C Thì tiếp diễn (The present progressive) S + Be (am, is, are) + Ving… a Dùng để thời gian (now, right now, at the moment, currently, for the time being) với tất động từ, ngoại trừ động từ trạng thái Know Hear Appear Taste Understand Like Seem Wish Believe Love Smell Own Look Sound Have Need Remember Mean Prefer Want I have a car I am having breakfast The cook is tasting my food She is smelling the flowers in the garden Ex: I wish you good luck This tamarind tastes sour The cake tastes delicious She looks bored The flower smells sweet That sounds good She seems sad today Ex: Tom is talking on the phone right now It is raining outside b Diễn tả tương lai Những từ thời gian câu rỏ thời gian tương lai Ex: I am meeting a friend at six We are going to Spain this summer Exercise 1: Choose the correct form of the verb from the parentheses This food (is smelling/smells) delicious He (is going/goes) to the gym every week Right now Tam (is washing/washes) his car Lan always (goes/is going) to work at seven We (go/are going) to the movies at six tonight He usually (phones/is phoning) in the evening It may sound strange but I (believe/am believing) his story I (remember/am remembering) my first day at school Thì khứ đơn (The simple past) S + V2/Ved + ……… a Được dùng để hành động bắt đầu kết thúc thời gian xác định khứ Ex: I took the test the day before yesterday We went to the concert last weekend b Diễn tả hành động trải qua khoảng thời gian khứ Ex: She lived in Washington for five years before she came here Thì khứ tiếp diễn (The past progressive) S + was/were + Ving a Diễn tả hành động bắt đầu khứ bị can thiệp hành động khác Ex: Mary was sleeping when the phone rang When it started to rain, I was having dinner I was talking to my girlfriend when the boy came and asked (me) for money b Được sử dụng hai hành động diễn thời gian khứ Ex: Cindy was watching TV while I was writing my essay I was watching TV while my mother was cooking He was reading book while Tom was sleeping c Được sử dụng hành động diễn thời gian xác định khứ Ex: Tuan was studying at ten o’clock last night We were sleeping at six this morning Exercise 2: Choose the correct form of the verb from the parentheses At three o’clock in the morning, Mary (was reading/read) I (was calling/called) Linda at ten last night 2.1 I (was talking/talked) on the phone with Linda at ten last night While I (watched/was watching) T.V., I heard a strange noise When Thao (arrived/was arriving), everyone was eating While I was studying, my roommate (listened/was listening) to the radio Hai (bought/was buying) a new car last month When I heard the knock on the door, I (opened/was opening) it He (went/was going) to the library when he suddenly saw her pass by Thì hồn thành (The present perfect) S + has/ have + V3/Ved a Dùng để hành động xảy thời gian không xác định khứ Ex: I have seen that movie She has taken the test I have told him about that story (tell SO about ST) b Diễn tả hành động bắt đầu khứ tiếp tục Ex: Peter has lived in Chicago for five years Peter has lived in Chicago since 2010 c Diễn tả hành động lập lại xảy nhiều lần khứ Ex: I have written three letters to her this week She has failed her driving test twice this year d Được dùng với từ “yet” “already” để diễn tả hành động xảy hay không xảy thời gian không xác định khứ Ex: We haven’t had lunch yet (have lunch) They have already finished their project * Yet sử dụng câu phủ định câu hỏi Yet đặt cuối câu e Được dùng với từ hay cụm từ như: “up to now”, “as soon as”, “during the past few days”, “lately”, “recently”, “just”, “ever”, “never”, “so far”, … Ex: He will call you as soon as he has finished his homework During the past two days, I have read six chapters Thì hoàn thành tiếp diễn (The present perfect progressive) S + has/have + been + Ving a Dùng để nhấn mạnh hành động liên tục mà bắt đầu khứ tiếp tục Nó đựợc dùng với từ thời gian như: “for”, “since”, “all day”, “all week” Ex: I have been doing this exercise for 20 minutes It has been raining all morning I have been cleaning the house for 20 minutes b Đôi dùng với nghĩa tương tự hồn thành, thường với động từ như: “teach”, “live”, “work”, “study” Ex: He has been teaching here for three years Or He has taught here for three years Ex: She has been working with us since last May Or She has worked with us since last May Thì q khứ hồn thành (The past perfect) S + had + Ved /V3 Dùng để diễn tả hành động kết thúc trước hành động khác hay thời gian xác định khứ Ex: When I got to the station, the train had left By the time I got to the airport, the plane had already taken off She had learnt English before she came here Or She learnt English before she came here * Với từ “before”, “after”, hai khứ đơn khứ hoàn thành sử dụng I went to the hospital after Thuan hit me I went to the hospital after Thuan had hit me Thì q khứ hồn thành tiếp diễn (The past perfect progressive) S + had + been + Ving Thì q khứ hồn thành tiếp diễn giống q khứ hoàn thành đựợc sử dụng để nhấn mạnh hành động liên tục mà tiếp tục trước hành động khác khứ Ex: He had been living in New York before he decided to move to Los Angeles Thao had been cleaning her house all morning before the guests arrived When I got there, they had been talking about this problem for hours Exercise 3: Use the present perfect/present perfect continuous, past perfect/past perfect continuous of the verbs indicated in the parentheses She (study) since six o’clock this morning (Has been studying) Hong (leave) by the time we arrived (Had left) John (be) to Italy (Has been) The teacher returned the papers we (prepare) for her (Had prepared) I (know) him for many years (Have known) He (work) there for six years when he decided to quit (had worked / Had been working) She (make) ten long-distance telephone calls this morning (Has made) Hung (write) letters all morning (Has been writing) Thì tương lai đơn (The simple future) S + will/shall + V1 S + be + going to + V1 Hai cấu trúc phổ biến dùng diễn tả tương lai “will” “be going to” Cả hai sử dụng để diển tả hành động tương lai Ex: I will mail this letter tomorrow I am going to mail this letter tomorrow * Tuy nhiên, “going to” thường sử dụng có kế hoạch hay dự định cho tương lai Ex: Tam is going to study engineering next year 10 Thì tương lai tiếp diễn (The future progressive) S + will + be + Ving a Diễn tả hành động bắt đầu thời điểm tương lai vẩn tiếp diễn thời gian tương lai Ex: At this time next week, we will be studying English here He is going to be working on Sunday morning At this time next week, we will be studying English b Diễn tả hành động xảy thời gian không xác định tương lai Trong trường hợp tương lai đơn sử dụng Ex: We’ll be seeing you there We’ll see you there 11 Thì tương lai hồn thành (The future perfect) S + will + have + Ved/V3 Dùng để hành động tương lai mà hành động hoàn thành trước hành động khác khoảng thời gian tương lai Những từ thời gian “by”, “by that time”, “by then”, “in a few hours”… thường kèm với Ex: By the time you apply, you will have passed the B1 final test By twelve o’clock we will have arrived there 12 Thì tương lai hồn thành tiếp diễn (The future perfect progressive) S + will + have been + Ving a Dùng để nhấn mạnh hành động liên tục xảy trước hành động khác tương lai Ex: By the time we get home, I will have been driving for four hours b Dùng với động từ “work”, “teach”, “live”, “study” để thay cho tương lai hoàn thành Ex: By the end of the year, she will have been working here for twenty years Or By the end of the year, she will have worked here for twenty years Exercise 4: Use the correct future tense of the verbs in parentheses I (finish) my homework by the time I go out will have finished When my mother (arrive), we will have a party arrives At this time next year, he (live) in Hawaii will be living As soon as it stops raining, we (leave) will leave By the time you come, he (study) for two hours will have been studying / will have studied Diep (buy) a house next year will buy He (come) later is going to / is coming They (play) for three hours by the time we have dinner will have been playing A sheep – many sheep A fish – many fish A dog – many dogs Keep Earn money It’s (high) time + S + Ved/V2 be able to Would rather + (not) V1 Would rather that S + didn’t V1 Would rather that S + Ved/V2 Cindy was watching TV while I was writing my essay ... read six chapters Thì hoàn thành tiếp diễn (The present perfect progressive) S + has/have + been + Ving a Dùng để nhấn mạnh hành động liên tục mà bắt đầu khứ tiếp tục Nó đựợc dùng với từ thời... định tương lai Trong trường hợp tương lai đơn sử dụng Ex: We’ll be seeing you there We’ll see you there 11 Thì tương lai hồn thành (The future perfect) S + will + have + Ved/V3 Dùng để hành động... four hours b Dùng với động từ “work”, “teach”, “live”, “study” để thay cho tương lai hồn thành Ex: By the end of the year, she will have been working here for twenty years Or By the end of the year,