Báo cáo được nhóm học viên sau đại học thực hiện tại Trường Đại học Bách khoa TPHCM. Báo cáo nêu chi tiết, cụ thể về polymer, các loại vật liệu phân hủy sinh học thân thiện với môi trường, các tiêu chuẩn của vật liệu tái tạo. Các đặc điểm của Polylactic acid và ứng dụng cũng được nêu trong báo cáo. Các ứng dụng của vật liệu thân thiện môi trường hiện nay được nêu để làm rõ vấn đề về vật liệu phân hủy sinh học. Báo cáo là tài liệu tham khảo hay cho các bạn đang theo học môn Hóa học xanh
BACH KHOA UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENTIFIC REPORT OF GREEN CHEMISTRY TOPIC: RENEWABLE MATERIALS Supervisor: GS.TS Phan Thanh Sơn Nam HCM City, 2017 CONTENTS Contents GENERALITY OF POLYMERS AND RENEWABLE MATERIALS WAYS OF BIODEGRADATION POLYLACTIC ACID (PLA) APPLICATION CONCLUSION GENERALITY OF POLYMERS AND RENEWABLE MATERIALS I What are Polymers? II Distinguish between Biodegradation and Decomposition III Biodegradable Polymers a) Definition b) Classification c) Agents and Factors IV Method and Testing Standards www.trungtamtinhoc.edu.vn I What are Polymers? A large molecule, or macromolecule, composed of many repeated subunits, known as monomers Wikipedia.org, Polymers I What are Polymers? Various polymer architectures [6] Wikipedia.org, Polymers I What are Polymers? Monomer arrangement in copolymers Wikipedia.org, Polymers I What are Polymers? I What are Polymers? I What are Polymers? I What are Polymers? take millions of years to make more …so recycle! Michael Pitzl, Australian Research Institute for Chemistry and Technology – ofi CROPACK 2010, Renewable vs Biodegradable – New materials for packaging technology • PLA is Poly(lactic acid) PLA L-Lactic acid D-Lactic acid LACTIC ACID Rahul M Rasal et al, Elsevier Dec 14th 2009, Poly(lactic acid) modifications, Progress in Polymer Science 35 (2010) 338-356, 340 Latobacillus acidophilus Rahul M Rasal et al, Elsevier Dec 14th 2009, Poly(lactic acid) modifications, Progress in Polymer Science 35 (2010) 338-356, 341 Poly-L-lactide (PLLA) • Resulting from polymerization of L,L-lactide (also known as L-lactide) • Crystallinity of around 37%, o • Glass transition temperature between 60 – 65 C, o • Melting temperature between 173 - 178 C, • Tensile modulus between 2.7 – 16 GPA Middelton, John C.; Arthur J Tipton, Elsevier Dec 2000, Synthetic biodegradable polymers as orthopedic devices, Biomaterial 21 Donald Garlotta, Journal of Polymers and Environment Apr 2001, A Literature Review of Poly(Lactic Acid), vol 9, No PLA: o • Heat resistant: 110 C, • Be soluble in chlorinated solvents, hot benzen, tetrahydrofuran, and dioxane Wikipedia.org, Biodegradable plastic Tea bags made of PLA Peppermint tea is enclosed Mulch film made of PLAblend “bio-flex” Wikipedia.org, Poly(lactic acid) Due to PLA’s relatively low glass transition temperature, PLA cups cannot hold hot liquids Biodegradable PLA cups in use at an eatery Wikipedia.org, Poly(lactic acid) HDPE Storage 6–12 Use Degradation 12-48 [months] Depending on the disposal system LDPELE Storage Use 3-6 Degradation 12-48 [months] Depending on the disposal system PP Storage 3-12 Use Use Degradation 1-3 9-36 [months] Depending on the disposal system Twelve Principles of Green Chemistry: Prevention; Atom Economy; Less Hazardous Chemical Syntheses; Designing Safer Chemicals; Safer Solvents and Auxiliaries; Design for Energy Efficiency; www.acs.org/content/acs/en/greenchemistry/ Twelve Principles of Green Chemistry: Use of Renewable Feedstocks; Reduce Derivatives; Catalysis; 10.Design for Degradation; 11.Real-time Analysis for Pollution Prevention; 12.Inherently Safer Chemistry for Accident Prevention www.acs.org/content/acs/en/greenchemistry/ Phạm Ngọc Lân, NXB Đại học Bách Khoa Hà Nội tháng năm 2006, Vật liệu Polyme phân hủy sinh học, 79 – 82 Rahul M Rasal, Amol V Janorkar, Douglas E Hirt, Elsevier 2009 Dec., Poly(lactic acid) modifications, 339 – 342 Huỳnh Đại Phú, Trường Đại học Bách Khoa TPHCM, khoa Công nghệ Vật liệu, Bài giảng Biopolymer Michael Pitzl, Australian Research Institute for Chemistry and Technoogy – ofi CROPACK 2010, Renewable vs Biodegradable – New materials for packaging technology www.epi-global.com, Epi, Degradability and Biodegradability Claims Södergård, Anders; Mikael Stolt, Elsevier Jul 2002, Properties of lactic acid based polymers and their correlation with composition, Progress in Polymer Science 27 Middelton, John C.; Arthur J Tipton, Elsevier Dec 2000, Synthetic biodegradable polymers as orthopedic devices, Biomaterial 21 Donald Garlotta, Journal of Polymers and Environment Apr 2001, A Literature Review of Poly(Lactic Acid), vol 9, No Wikipedia.org, Polymers 10 Wikipedia.org, Poly(lactic acid) 11 Wikipedia.org, List of Synthetic Polymers 12 Www.acs.org/content/acs/en/greenchemistry/ L/O/G/O Thank You! www.trungtamtinhoc.edu.vn 62 ...CONTENTS Contents GENERALITY OF POLYMERS AND RENEWABLE MATERIALS WAYS OF BIODEGRADATION POLYLACTIC ACID (PLA) APPLICATION CONCLUSION GENERALITY OF POLYMERS AND RENEWABLE MATERIALS I What are Polymers?... recycle! Michael Pitzl, Australian Research Institute for Chemistry and Technology – ofi CROPACK 2010, Renewable vs Biodegradable – New materials for packaging technology I What are Polymers? A tiny... bit of plastic is being made from vegetable organic material, so that bit is biodegradable, and renewable • CO2,H2O, inorganic mineral, biomass • CO2, CH4, humus and nontoxic substances www.basf.com