Grammar and Composition Grammar Enrichment Grade 11 Glencoe/McGraw-Hill Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc All rights reserved Permission is granted to reproduce material contained herein on the condition that such material be reproduced only for classroom use; and be provided to students, teachers, and families without charge; and be used solely in conjunction with Writer’s Choice Any other reproduction, for use or sale, is prohibited without written permission of the publisher Printed in the United States of America Send all inquiries to: Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 8787 Orion Place Columbus, Ohio 43240 ISBN 0-07-823336-4 055 04 03 02 01 00 ii Contents Unit 10 Parts of Speech 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.6 10.7 Unit 11 Parts of the Sentence 11.1–3 11.5 11.5 11.5 Unit 12 Prepositional Phrases 13 Appositives and Appositive Phrases 14 Participles and Gerunds 15 Infinitives and Infinitive Phrases 16 Absolute Phrases 17 Clauses and Sentence Structure 13.1–4 13.5 13.6 13.7 13.8 13.9 13.10 Unit 15 Subjects and Predicates Direct and Indirect Objects 10 Object Complements 11 Subject Complements 12 Phrases 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.3 12.4 Unit 13 Nouns Pronouns ActionVerbs Linking Verbs Adjectives Adverbs Prepositions Conjunctions Clauses and Sentence Structure 18 Adjective Clauses 19 Adverb Clauses 20 Noun Clauses 21 Four Kinds of Sentences 22 Sentence Fragments 23 Run-on Sentences 24 Verb Tenses, Voice and Mood 15.1-3 15.4–5 15.7–8 Verbs: Principal Parts and Tense 25 Verb Tenses and Forms 26 Voice and Mood of Verbs 27 iii Contents Unit 16 Subject-Verb Agreement 16.1-3 Subject-Verb Agreement I 28 16.4-5, 7–8 Subject-Verb Agreement II 29 Unit 17 Using Pronouns Correctly 17.1 17.2–3 17.4 17.5 17.6–7 Unit 18 iv 30 31 32 33 34 Comparisons 35 Using Modifiers Correctly 36 Misplaced and Dangling Modifiers 37 Capitalization of Sentences and I 38 Capitalization: Proper Nouns and Adjectives 39 Punctuation, Abbreviations, and Numbers 21.1-3 21.4 21.5 21.6 21.6 21.6 21.6 21.6 21.8-9 21.10–11 21.12 21.13 21.16 Answers Capitalization 20.1 20.2-3 Unit 21 Using Modifiers Correctly 18.1-2 18.5-6 18.7 Unit 20 Case of Personal Pronouns Pronouns Reflexive and Intensive Pronouns Who and Whom Pronouns and Antecedents Period, Exclamation Point, Question Mark 40 The Colon 41 The Semicolon 42 Commas and Compound Sentences 43 Coordinate Adjectives 44 Commas and Nonessential Elements 45 Commas: Titles, Addresses, Direct Address 46 Proper Use of Commas 47 Parentheses and Brackets 48 Ellipsis Points and Quotation Marks 49 Quotation Marks and Italics (Underlining) 50 The Apostrophe 51 Numbers and Numerals 52 53 Grammar Enrichment Name Class Date 10.1 Nouns ■ A Identifying Nouns Above each underlined noun in the sentences below write Pr (proper), Con (concrete), Ab (abstract), Coll (collective), Sing Poss (singular possessive), or Pl Poss (plural possessive) You will need to write more than one term above nouns that fall into more than one category Known primarily as an anthropologist who studied the people of the South Pacific, Margaret Mead was also a distinguished psychologist, writer, lecturer, and teacher Born in 1901, Mead was raised in and around Philadelphia, Pennsylvania The faculty at Barnard College in New York City interested her in studying different societies On her first field trip in 1925, Mead spent almost a year on Samoa, an island in the South Pacific During this time she learned the Samoans’ language and slept on pebble floors She chronicled her findings in Coming of Age in Samoa, published in 1928 Mead’s book challenged many commonly held beliefs about adolescence One of these tenets was that the “teen-age years” are “difficult” because of “human nature.” In the Samoan culture the passage from childhood into adulthood seemed to be a smooth one 10 During the next eleven years Mead made several additional visits to the South Pacific 11 She saw that human nature varied vastly from one culture to the next Copyright ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc 12 Mead studied a tribe in which warfare was unknown and another group in which women conducted business affairs while men engaged in domestic chores 13 Mead’s observations contradicted many Americans’ traditional opinions about human nature 14 Margaret Mead’s work helped establish the national-character approach to studying societies 15 It showed how the development of the individual person is dependent on the character of the social environment in which the person lives ■ B Using Nouns Use nouns from above to write sentences as requested below Underline the nouns (Use two proper nouns.) (Use one collective noun and one plural abstract noun.) (Use two singular nouns, one concrete and one abstract.) (Use one singular proper noun and one plural concrete noun.) (Use one singular possessive noun and one plural possessive noun.) Writer’s Choice: Grammar Enrichment, Grade 11, Unit 10 Grammar Enrichment Name Class Date 10.2 Pronouns ■ A Identifying Pronouns Underline all the pronouns in the sentences below Above each pronoun, identify it as Per (personal), Poss (possessive), Ref (reflexive), Inten (intensive), Dem (demonstrative), Inter (interrogative), Rel (relative), or Ind (indefinite) The Russian desire for seaports that are not icebound for much of the year fueled an expansion that made the Russian empire a mighty one During the sixteenth century, after the Russians seized the vast Siberian landmass for themselves, they needed to find a way to export its valuable sable furs What made their task difficult? Siberia had four major river systems; three of them flowed northward into Arctic waters that were frozen much of the year That meant the Russians had to search farther south for their suitable seaport Peter I, who is usually referred to as “the Great,” won a “window to the west” for himself and for Russia on the Baltic Sea He began construction of St Petersburg on the Gulf of Finland, which opens into the Baltic Later, Peter himself battled the Ottoman Turks around the Black Sea, which has waters that never freeze By doing this, he hoped to give himself and his people a “window” to ship grain from the Ukraine via the Danube River to some of the markets of eastern Europe 10 Much to his grief, all of his efforts proved futile Use pronouns you identified above to write sentences as requested below Underline the pronouns (two relative pronouns) (one personal pronoun and one possessive pronoun) (one interrogative pronoun and one demonstrative pronoun) (one intensive pronoun or one reflexive pronoun) (one indefinite pronoun) Writer’s Choice: Grammar Enrichment, Grade 11, Unit 10 Copyright ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc ■ B Using Pronouns Grammar Enrichment Name Class Date 10.3 Action Verbs ■ A Identifying Action Verbs Each of the following pairs of sentences uses the same italicized action verb In the space provided, write T for each action verb that is transitive and I for each action verb that is intransitive _ a The alarm sounds as soon as smoke reaches the sensing devices _ b The guard sounds the alarm as soon as possible in an emergency _ a Farmers in the fertile valley of the Saint John River grow potatoes _ b The potatoes grow rapidly because of the soil and climate _ a A Caribbean hurricane often trails destruction as far north as the coast of Maine _ b A devastating storm surge frequently trails behind the high winds of a hurricane _ a Fortunately everyone painted steadily and carefully _ b At least thirty different people painted the rooms at the animal shelter over the last weekend _ a The committee questioned her for hours about the problem _ b They questioned exhaustively and without a break ■ B Using Action Verbs On the lines below, use action verbs to write five sentences about attending an event in your area Identify each action verb as transitive or intransitive; use each type of action verb at least twice Copyright ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Writer’s Choice: Grammar Enrichment, Grade 11, Unit 10 Grammar Enrichment Name Class Date 10.3 Linking Verbs ■ A Using Action and Linking Verbs Complete each sentence with the verb form(s) requested The population of California (action, past tense) from 23.7 million in 1980 to 29.8 million in 1990 Eighty-five percent of the people born in the state or who (action, past tense) to the state during this period (linking, past tense) Asian or Hispanic The Census Bureau (action, present tense) that by the year 2000 there (linking, future tense) no ethnic majority in the state of California Even without any immigration the state’s population (action, future tense) by million people between 1990 and 2000 Because the birthrate among recent immigrants (linking, present tense) high, most of the newborn (linking, future tense) offspring of immigrant groups ■ B Using Linking Verbs Write a sentence for each verb listed below using it as a linking verb (You may use any tense you wish.) Underline your linking verbs feel remain smell look be Writer’s Choice: Grammar Enrichment, Grade 11, Unit 10 Copyright ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Grammar Enrichment Name Class Date 10.4 Adjectives ■ A Identifying Adjectives The paragraph below is from Attending Marvels: A Patagonian Journal, published in 1934 In this paragraph, the author, George Gaylord Simpson, describes one of the animals common to Patagonia, the southernmost part of South America, part of which lies in Argentina, part in Chile Underline each adjective in the paragraph (Do not include articles.) (1.) [T]he favorite child of Patagonia is surely the guanaco (2.) A guanaco looks like a small, humpless camel, which it is, and it also looks like a careless mixture of parts intended for other beasts and turned down (3.) It has a head something like that of a hornless deer, long ears like a mule, a neck that tries but fails to reach the giraffe standard, a scrawny, shapeless body, and gangling legs like those of a young colt (4.) To top off the joke played by creation on this poor beast, it has a stubby little brush of a tail that looks very much like the handle of a jug ■ B Using Adjectives The paragraph below continues Simpson’s description of the guanaco Some adjectives have been left out of the description In each of the spaces provided, write an adjective as requested in the parentheses Try to use adjectives like the vivid ones that Simpson uses in the paragraph above—adjectives that appeal to the senses Its back and sides are woolly and in the newborn are (1 adjective that describes how something feels to the touch) and (2 adjective that describes how something feels to the touch) , but within a very short time, even a few days, the wool becomes unpleasantly matted and in the old guanacos it is patchy, (3 adjective that describes texture , and (4 adjective that can be perceived by the sense Copyright ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc of sight) The other parts have (5 adjective that describes length), straight hair The under parts are (6 adjective that describes color) , and this color extends up in streaks near the legs, while more exposed parts of the body vary from a rather dark russet to pale yellow The forehead is usually grey The animals are (7 adjective that describes size) , in comparison with most of the camel tribe, and (8 adjective that describes shape) in proportion Even with their (9 adjective that describes shape) necks and legs, the adults usually run between six and seven feet in height and the newborn, disproportionately tall and spindly, about (10 adjective that describes number) feet Writer’s Choice: Grammar Enrichment, Grade 11, Unit 10 Grammar Enrichment Name Class Date 10.5 Adverbs ■ A Identifying Adverbs Underline the adverb in each sentence below Identify whether the adverb is negative or one that tells when, where, to what degree, or how by writing the appropriate word(s) in the space provided Carving simple gravestones became an American folk-art form early Early New England settlers continued the primarily European custom of marking graves with images carved in stone Here, gravestone-marking was a self-taught art The early carvers of gravestones never used any except simple tools—mallets, chisels, and grinding stones Working in marble, sandstone, and slate, they were able to decorate gravestones elaborately with complex designs ■ B Using Adverbs Follow the directions in parentheses to write an appropriate adverb in each space (You may use more than one word in a space.) These carvers worked than one might have guessed (Use an adverb that tells when.) A gravestone took about a week to complete (Use an adverb that tells to what degree.) The finished gravestone displayed some ornamentation, a figure, and an inscription (Use a negative adverb.) Examples of these gravestones can be found altered at all in historic burial grounds all over New England (Use an adverb that tells where.) Today, the gravestones are considered a unique national legacy Writer’s Choice: Grammar Enrichment, Grade 11, Unit 10 Copyright ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc (Use a comparative adverb.) Grammar Enrichment Name Class Date 21.10–11 Quotation Marks and Italics ■ A Using Italics and Quotation Marks Underline any words that should be italicized, and place double and single quotation marks where they belong Insert commas where necessary Last night I studied the TV Guide to see what was on television I decided to watch an old episode of Zorro My mother suggested that I read War and Peace instead Chacun son goût (everyone to his own taste), I thought, and as a compromise I announced I would go to the theater to see a revival of the movie classic Casablanca We’ll see how smart you feel when you bring home an F in your literature class, observed Mom I reminded her of the Fielding v Fielding decision, which limited parental authority She asked if I knew the meaning of the word grounded Naturally, I decided to stay home, but then I tried to talk Mom into letting me rent the movie version of War and Peace Que será, será, she laughed Then she added In case you don’t know, that means What will be, will be 10 We wound up having a great time; first, Mom read me Langston Hughes’s poem Mother to Son; then, together we began Hughes’s first volume of short stories, The Ways of White Folks ■ B Using Italics (telling about a story in a newspaper) (referring to a Supreme Court decision) (containing a word or words from a foreign language) (describing a television series or an album) (using a letter to represent itself) (mentioning a work of art) 50 Writer’s Choice: Grammar Enrichment, Grade 11, Unit 21 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Write a sentence as requested in each set of parentheses Underline where appropriate Grammar Enrichment Name Class Date 21.12 The Apostrophe ■ A Inserting Apostrophes Insert apostrophes where needed in the sentences below If a sentence needs no additions, write C (for Correct) in the space provided _ The 1930s was a difficult time for weather forecasters predictions _ My grandfather remembers the summer of 34 _ That summers high temperatures were frequently in the 90s and 100s _ It didnt rain once the whole summer _ The dried soil had cracks like hundreds of little x’s _ The 1940s brought generally wet weather, but drought returned by 53 ■ B Using Apostrophes On a separate sheet of paper, rewrite the sentences below correctly, adding apostrophes where they are needed If a sentence needs no changes, write Correct At his birth in 1934, Imamu Amiri Barakas name was LeRoi Jones; the poet wasnt born with a Muslim name Joness birthplace was Newark, New Jersey A precocious child, Jones graduated from high school two years early He attended Howard University, spent two years time in the Air Force, and then received a degree in German literature from Columbia University His early poems attempted to convey a black intellectuals thoughts at living in a white world Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc These poems speakers were concerned about their guilt and fears With times passage Jones became increasingly outspoken and separate from the white literary circles of which he had been an important part In a series of influential plays in the 1960s, Jones began to explore the bases of relationships between blacks and whites As his activities became more social and political, Jones set up Spirit House in Newark in 66 10 After taking a Muslim name, Baraka in 68 helped found the Black Community Development and Defense Organization in Newark 11 In 1969 Baraka wrote a play dealing with African slaves transportation to the New World 12 His 69 book of poems, Black Magic, marked a real point of departure in the poets writings 13 The sections titles—“Sabotage,” “Target Study,” and “Black Art”—tell a great deal about the volumes concerns 14 Baraka has also written a novel, and he analyzed Americas black musicians in Blues People and Black Music 15 The author didnt arrive at his viewpoints overnight; rather extensive thought and analysis led to the development of his ideas, which changed somewhat over the years Writer’s Choice: Grammar Enrichment, Grade 11, Unit 21 51 Grammar Enrichment Name Class Date 21.15 Numbers and Numerals ■ A Correcting Numbers and Numeral Use Rewrite the sentences below, correcting the use of numbers and numerals Write Correct if there are no errors 114 people graduated in my senior class Please arrive at exactly minutes after nine A.M Life was more exciting in the 18th century than it is today You still owe me two dollars and 40 cents Their apartment is near 7th Avenue, on Seventy-third Street More than 1,000,000,000 people live in China The car’s fuel tank holds nine point seven gallons of gasoline The number of participants jumped from 70 to two hundred thirty-five 10 We spent twenty-eight dollars on refreshments for the meeting ■ B Using Numbers and Numerals Write a paragraph describing preparations for a class dance Include the time and date when the dance would he held, at what address the dance would be held, financial requirements and charges, and the number of people you expect to attend Choose a decade for the theme of the dance 52 Writer’s Choice: Grammar Enrichment, Grade 11, Unit 21 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc The armistice ending World War I was signed November eleventh, 1918 Answers ■ PAGE ■ PAGE Part A people—Con., Coll; Margaret Mead—Pr., Con Philadelphia—Pr., Con faculty—Con., Coll.; Barnard College— Pr., Con Samoa—Pr., Con; island—Con time—Ab.; floors—Con findings—Ab Mead’s—Pr., Con., Sing Poss.; book—Con tenets, human nature—Ab childhood, adulthood—Ab 10 years, visits—Ab 11 culture—Ab 12 tribe, group—Con., Coll 13 Americans’—Pr., Con., Pl Poss.; opinions—Ab 14 Margaret Mead’s—Pr., Con., Sing Poss.; work—Ab 15 development, environment—Ab.; person—Con Part A a I b T a T b I a T b I Part B Possible answers: Margaret Mead was born in Philadelphia The culture of a Samoan tribe is different from that of many other cultures Mead’s book Coming of Age in Samoa dealt with adolescence In Samoa Mead slept on pebble floors Mead’s book helped change some Americans’ opinions of human nature Copyright ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc ■ PAGE Part A that—Rel.; that—Rel; one—Ind themselves—Ref.; they—Per.; its—Poss What—Inter.; their—Poss them—Per.;—that—Rel That—Dem.; their—Poss who—Rel.; himself—Ref He—Per.; which—Rel himself—Inten.; which, that—Rel this—Dem.; he—Per.; himself—Ref.; his—Poss.; some—Ind 10 his—Poss.; all—Ind.; his—Poss Part B Possible answers: Peter the Great, who added much territory to the Russian empire, failed in his efforts to conquer the area that surrounded the Black Sea He hoped to enhance his prestige by adding a year-round port to the empire What might have led Peter to want to that? Peter’s subjects themselves could have answered that question Many of them wanted to increase Russia’s size, prosperity, and prestige a I b T a T b I Part B Possible answers: I went (intransitive) to a folk festival at the county park over the weekend I met (transitive) my friend Tai at the booth with Middle-Eastern foods There we ate (intransitive) ravenously After lunch, we explored (transitive) all the wonderful arts and crafts on display and thought (intransitive) about buying some Later, we watched (transitive) the performers on one of the side stages and then joined (intransitive) in the dancing ourselves ■ PAGE Part A Possible answers: grew immigrated, were estimates, will be will grow is, will be Part B Possible answers: The first warm day of spring always feels wonderful Tanya remains the most likely winner Roger was the first person to recognize the merit of her argument That soup certainly smells wonderful Tyrone looked completely relaxed ■ PAGE Part A [T]he favorite child of Patagonia is surely the guanaco A guanaco looks like a small, humpless camel, which it is, and it also looks like a careless mixture of parts intended for other beasts and turned down It has a head something like that of a hornless deer, long ears like a mule, a neck that tries but fails to reach the giraffe standard, a scrawny, shapeless body, and gangling legs like those of a young colt To top off the joke played by creation on this poor beast, it has a stubby little brush of a tail that looks very much like the handle of a jug Writer’s Choice: Grammar Enrichment, Grade 11 53 Answers soft silky coarse filthy short white small slender long 10 three ■ PAGE Part A early—when primarily—to what degree Here—where never—negative elaborately—how Part B Possible answers: more rapidly then usually hardly everywhere ■ PAGE Part A of—Emporia, Kansas; on—Highway 50; through— trough; of—bottom; into—uplands; out of—floodplain; of—grasses among—grasses; into—foothills; of—Rockies of—mountains, seacoasts; because of—savanna; because of—grass for—haven; of—forest but—grass; but—water; within—place; under— stems; below—turf; beneath—stones Part B Possible answers: The author sees the prairie spread before him According to William Least Heat-Moon, most prairie life exists under the ground During his drive, William Least Heat-Moon observed much about prairie life Heat-Moon says that prairies are nothing but grass, but I am not sure I understand what he means The author writes about other landforms in addition to prairies ■ PAGE Part A both, and and but or Not only; but, also Part B Possible answers: Although After moreover therefore until ■ PAGE Part A numbers feel number continues Lack, disengagement are Many will be discussions, debates are programs, newspapers, magazines focus politics may be dominated 54 Writer’s Choice: Grammar Enrichment, Grade 11 problems are [You] be 10 schools should teach Part B Possible answers: Citizens need the ability to make serious judgments Many politicians, including the two senators from Florida, will attend the conference Engines roared and rumbled Heavy rain falls more frequently on the windward side of the mountain The Renaissance artist Michelangelo painted and sculpted many beautiful works of art ■ PAGE 10 Part A her: IO; ride: DO herself: IO; clothes, shoes: DO her: IO; jacket: DO her: IO; pair: DO her: IO; route: DO Part B Possible answers: cake Joe him house table us 10 11 12 everyone message decorations myself picture George ■ PAGE 11 Part A (1) exhausted, angry—adjectives (2) capable—adjective (3) misplaced—adjective (4) driver—noun (5) driver—noun (6) hunk—noun (7) none (8) helpless—adjective (9) necessary—adjective (10) late—adjective Part B Sentences will vary Direct objects: technique Ms Gomez problems me her ■ PAGE 12 Part A melting pot emigrants British chaotic, dangerous group 10 one nation strict landmark place Copyright ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Part B Answers will vary The author’s adjectives are provided below Answers Part B Possible answers: haunting impatient nervous innovative sorry ■ PAGE 15 10 builders woman devastated enemies teacher ■ PAGE 13 Part A on the north side (adjective) of rising air (adjective); through the barn cellar (adverb) of the damp earth (adverb); of the spruce woods (adverb); of the sweet springtime (adverb) none to the top (adverb); of the fence (adjective) as a great surprise (adverb); to Wilbur (adjective) on its head (adverb); in the air (adverb); of fine silk (adjective) none of the fence (adverb); into the air (adverb) Part B Possible answers: by lightning to the road of feet of them of the students 10 to the right on the table from Philadelphia Over the dunes for the bird Copyright ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc ■ PAGE 14 Part A the ear the auricle a slender, tubelike cavity a flat membrane or tympanum the ossicles the innermost structure of the ear or labyrinth the ossicle that touches the window 10 the hairs of Corti Part B Possible answers: The team practiced on the Patuzent, a swift-moving river, during the spring and fall The warm, friendly woman, my aunt Rosa, let us into the apartment The cat hid in the shrubbery, a large, overgrown hedge My cousins Fred and Judy are in town for the night They went to talk to George, the creator of the idea Part A Possible answers: The confused dog was obviously lost Having seen the ship, we knew we would be rescued soon The galloping horses escaped the wolves Wondering about the spelling, Jabal looked the word up in a dictionary The profits were eagerly divided, but the shared expenses were never paid Part B Possible answers: Buying groceries is a weekly chore The stress of playing at that level began to take its toll We enjoy hiking on that part of the mountain The manufacturers gave marketing more emphasis, but the product still did not sell well The goal is competing with one’s self ■ PAGE 16 Part A to attend every meeting: noun to go: adjective to leave: adverb to dismantle the scaffolding: noun to park his car in the garage: adjective to drive at night: adverb an expert to solve the problem: noun the patient to finish the medicine: noun To break the code: noun 10 to survive the harsh environmental conditions: noun Part B Possible answers: To love another person is a basic human need He was pleased to run for office He had a desire to give advice She had the talent to succeed He tried to remember her name ■ PAGE 17 Part A It (being Friday afternoon) none the woods around us (chirping, bubbling, and belching with life) none The team (being well coached) Writer’s Choice: Grammar Enrichment, Grade 11 55 Answers ■ PAGE 18 Part A after we finished dinner—CX that we had heard about in class—CX before we were sidetracked by an exhibit on local history; which the library had just put on display—CX S S when we found a photo of our principal; that had been taken; after she had won the high school science fair—CX S S that would teach us more about our city’s past—CX 10 Although we did not get around to reading the material we had intended to read—CX Part B Answers will vary Possible answers My name is Alexander Palmer (M) I’d like to be a chemist one day (M) I enjoy playing football after school (M) Although English High has its problems (S), I would not like to attend any other school (M) Longmeadow is a good place to live (M) because it offers recreational and cultural diversity (S) My favorite subject is English (M) because it is so diverse (S) 56 Part B Possible answers: The red car, which is parked in the street, belongs to Mrs Wong Tony likes to read short stories that were written by Edgar Allan Poe We were in New York City where the annual Christmas parade takes place Corn muffins, which are my favorite kind of muffin, are delicious The map that we had with us was the wrong one My uncle, who now lives in California, was born in Houston ■ PAGE 20 Part A after she heard about the new exhibit on dinosaurs— decided because the reconstructed skeletons were gigantic— amazing As soon as Vanessa passed through the double doors into the museum—confronted than she [was]—incredulous Wherever she turned—encountered as she moved through the exhibit—grew than she should have—faster Until she read some of the museum’s exhibit labels— had thought Before she walked through the prehistoric world of dinosaurs—did imagine 10 because paleontologists seemed to be detectives of the past—fascinating Part B Possible answers: Jane is more studious than I am Until he has had a shower, Lonnie is not awake Jamil brought his car so that he could drive us to the game When we arrived, Adu cooked us lunch Jorge jumped much higher than anybody else [jumped] ■ PAGE 19 ■ PAGE 21 Part A which empties into the Mediterranean Sea—N which are waterfalls—N who considered the Nile a god—N that was the Egyptians’ main source of water—E; which was necessary for abundant crops—N where the Nile had its source—E which was carried along by the moving stream—N where the banks were low—E which kept the soil fertile—N that the ancient Egyptians were able to grow ample food to feed their powerful nation—E 10 which was completed in 1970—N Part A What frightened me—S [that] I would well—DO; whatever questions were asked of me in the written part of the test—OP How I would perform on the road—S whatever situation arose—OP What made me so nervous—S; that a driver’s license was at stake in the test—PN why I was so cautious on test day—DO whoever gave me my road test—S What added to my nervousness—S; that mirrored sunglasses concealed my examiner’s eyes—PN How I ever got through that driving test—S 10 What is certain—S; that I drove home with a license—PN Writer’s Choice: Grammar Enrichment, Grade 11 Copyright ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Part B Possible answers: The day being warm and sunny, we decided to play softball The report being due on Wednesday, Miguel began working seriously the weekend before The car needing repairs, my mother had to take the bus to work Priscilla had to withdraw from the race, her leg hurting from her fall She being a good teacher, I expected to understand the explanation Answers Part B Answers will vary Sample answers: Who I am is very clear to me I like who I am What you know about who I am? I am who I am, no more, no less ■ PAGE 22 Part A declarative, period imperative, period interrogative, question mark exclamatory, exclamation point interrogative, question mark imperative, period declarative, period interrogative, question mark declarative, period 10 exclamatory, exclamation point or declarative, period 11 imperative, period 12 exclamatory, exclamation point or declarative, period Part B Answers will vary Possible answers are given Imperative sentences give commands or make requests Do interrogative sentences end with question marks? Put a period at the end of a declarative sentence Exclamatory sentences express VERY strong emotion! Must all sentences end with a period, a question mark, or an exclamation point? Copyright ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc ■ PAGE 23 Answers may vary Possible sentences are given below CS Paella is a festive dish often served at special occasions A festive dish, paella is often served at special occasions Its colors are bright: yellow rice, red peppers, green artichokes, and deep blue mussels Its bright colors include yellow rice, red peppers, green artichokes, and deep blue mussels Saffron, the yellow coloring, is from a crocus flower The yellow color, saffron, comes from a crocus flower CS CS Many varieties of seafood, such as shrimp, clams, mussels, and squid, are included Included in the dish are many varieties of seafood, such as shrimp, clams, mussels, and squid The rice simmers in a rich broth of fish or chicken stock The rice, simmering in a rich broth of fish or chicken stock, smells delicious CS 10 Paella is delicious to eat because of its wonderful flavors Because of its wonderful flavors, paella is delicious to eat ■ PAGE 24 Answers may vary Possible answers: Advertising has become a very important industry; it attempts to make the public buy, vote, and think in particular ways Often advertising does not even describe a product Instead, advertisers create an image that the consumer is to associate with the product CS Suddenly, a new brand of toothpaste can drastically alter our life style, and a different deodorant can land us the job that we want One beverage makes us beautiful, another beverage keeps us in great shape, and a third beverage solves all our problems CS Many Japanese advertisements are not set in Japan Japanese ads are often set in wide-open, uncrowded areas CS ■ PAGE 25 Part A Imagine: base; are taking: present participle head: base; prepare: base lies: base; mark: base are traveling: present participle; see: base have passed: past participle; see: base; recall: base; was: past have traveled: past participle; enter: base is heading: present participle; see: base learn: base; have struck: past participle; represent: base have noticed: past participle; rise: base 10 have reached: past participle; seem: base Part B Possible answers: I will grow an inch taller during the next year (I hope) They their wet clothes out today She laughs every time she sees that comedian’s act We watched the movie twice in an attempt to under-stand the symbolism She will lose her patience ■ PAGE 26 Part A The wording of explanations may vary a.—present; b.—present perfect Sentence a speaks of habitual action Sentence b suggests that an action begun in the past continues in the present a.—present perfect; b.—past perfect Sentence a says that the scientists noticed this at some indefinite time in the past Sentence b suggests that something else happened after the scientists noticed this Writer’s Choice: Grammar Enrichment, Grade 11 57 Answers Part B Possible answers: We are talking We have been talking We had been talking We will have been talking We did talk yesterday ■ PAGE 27 Part A The doctor recommends taking five hundred milligrams of ampicillin three times a day for fourteen days Every morning Sheila takes the mail to the post office A poor acorn crop greatly reduced the squirrel population The accountant suggested saving all receipts for health-care services Food reinforces the animals’ learning Part B Possible answers: Go home right now (imperative) If it were Saturday, I would be playing softball right now (subjunctive) We suggest that he obtain glasses as soon as possible (subjunctive) We left at 8:00 A.M on Friday morning (indicative) She often wishes that she were the only one to know of the hidden trail (subjunctive) ■ PAGE 28 58 people (Pl)/walk citizens (Pl)/fail 10 importance (S)/goes 11 creatures (Pl)/exist 12 acts (Pl)/affect 13 pesticide (S)/endangers 14 poisons (Pl)/harm 15 understanding (S)/comes examples (Pl)/are protection (S)/is ways (Pl)/are people (Pl)/educate governments (Pl)/pass groups (Pl)/work plenty (Pl)/are Writer’s Choice: Grammar Enrichment, Grade 11 ■ PAGE 29 Correct Some of the languages in our world share common origins A similar vocabulary and sentence structure indicate that languages belong to the same language family One of the most widespread language families is called Indo-European English is one of the languages that belong to this family Both Russian and French are also members Correct Not one of the Indo-European languages has developed independently Correct 10 Five thousand years is the length of time during which the new languages developed through cultural diffusion 11 In cultural diffusion both ideas and innovations, in addition to language, move from place to place 12 One of the more modern examples of cultural diffusion is the English language 13 Both conquerors and colonizers from the islands of Great Britain have spread the English language to North America, Australia, New Zealand, and India 14 Over the years each of these regions has created its own dialect, or variation, within the language 15 Correct ■ PAGE 30 Part A I we They, they, us, we us, us they, I, them 10 me, she, I, him I, them, they they, we, they me us, they Part B Possible sentences: David and I led the group down the winding trial nominative The lecturer directed many remarks to him and her objective Surely, the key witness in the trial is she nominative Her greatest wish is to master the game of golf possessive We admire their walking three miles a day possessive ■ PAGE 31 Part A The first two gymnasts, Bart and she, scored well They were the favored contestants, Nadia and he The audience applauded the winners, Yuri and her The judges awarded the best gymnasts, Ngoc and him, gold medals Silver medals were awarded to the runners up, Jean and her We members of the team were happy just to compete Copyright ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc a.—past; b.—future perfect In sentence a, the scientists took this action at some specific time in the past; the action was completed In sentence b, the action has not yet been completed; the action will both begin and end before something else that has not yet occurred happens a.—past; b.—present perfect Sentence a suggests that the fish died at a specific time in the past; according to sentence b, they continue to die over a period of time a.—future; b.—future perfect The action in sentence a will simply happen at some time in the future; that in b will happen before something else (unnamed in the sentence) happens Answers Part B Possible answers: Nominative: Maria studied the painting on display more than I Objective: The toddler imitates him more than me Nominative: No candidate deserved to win less than he Objective: The show inspired them less than us Nominative: Susan cares as much as I about the outcome Objective: Did the coach praise him as much as her after the volleyball game? Nominative: Helen fared as well as we in the storm Objective: The news reached us as well as them in no time ■ PAGE 32 Part A himself you I itself themselves myself herself she Correct 10 Correct yourselves ourselves myself himself ourselves 10 itself Part B myself himself herself ourselves Copyright ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc ■ PAGE 33 (Who) (you) think wants to go? Who is the subject of the verb wants in the noun clause who wants to go (We) wondered whom (she) would choose Whom is the direct object of the verb would choose in the noun clause whom she would choose (We) did not know who the (person) sitting in the front was Who is the predicate nominative in the noun clause who the person (sitting in the front) was The (coach) will award the game ball to (whoever) has the most assists Whoever is the subject of the verb has in the noun clause whoever has the most assists (I) know whom the (story) is about Whom is the object of the preposition about in the noun clause whom the story is about The (artist) (who) has had the largest influence on the way (I) paint is Jasper Johns Who is the subject of the verb has had in the adjective clause who has had the largest influence on the way I paint Although (I) have watched the movie It’s a Wonderful Life many times, (I) still not know (who) directed it Who is the subject of the verb directed in the noun clause who directed it Whom did (you) say (you) are addressing? Whom is the direct object of the verb are addressing in the noun clause Whom you are addressing (Dr Koslowski) was the one (who) set my broken leg Who is the subject of the verb set in the adjective clause who set my broken leg 10 The (president) of the class will be whomever the (students) elect Whomever is the direct object of the verb elect in the noun clause whomever the students elect ■ PAGE 34 Part A their; his your; his them, it their, its its; her 10 her; their its, their them, it him, it their, her Part B Possible answers: In the 1700s folklore created many strange beliefs; they included the belief that dairy maids never caught smallpox Epidemics of smallpox were prevalent among some populations in the 1700s; these epidemics regularly killed or scarred great numbers of people Edward Jenner examined the facts behind the folklore and found that people who had cowpox, which was relatively harmless, were immune to smallpox Jenner developed from the cowpox virus a smallpox vaccine that carried little risk of serious illness; the vaccine could be readily produced ■ PAGE 35 Part A best better bad many worse farther further little; less best 10 more Part B Possible answers: We fared worse on this voyage than on last year’s because the winds were unfavorable and the waves high Key West is the farthest south I have ever sailed New England has better anchorages than the Florida Keys The harbors in New England are well protected Winter is when the worst storms occur ■ PAGE 36 Part A bad good good bad good well badly well good 10 badly Part B I have never seen anything prettier than the Chesapeake Bay at sunset in the autumn I have seen nothing prettier than the Chesapeake Bay at sunset in the autumn The colors of the sky are not like any others The colors of the sky are like no others The cloud patterns are never more interesting The cloud patterns aren’t ever more interesting The water is so still that there aren’t any ripples The water is so still that there are no ripples I wouldn’t ever like to live without a view like that I would never like to live without a view like that Writer’s Choice: Grammar Enrichment, Grade 11 59 Answers Part A The prepositional phrase with elaborate carvings should follow furniture, the word it modifies Rough and uneven should be recast as a subordinate clause beginning with that is and following lumber The participial phrase having a rich red color should follow mahogany The prepositional phrase of each piece should follow measurements The prepositional phrase with a ruler should follow taken Before gluing the furniture together is a dangling modifier; the sentence should be rewritten to supply a word or a phrase that the dangler can modify Part B Possible answers: With my fellow hobbyists, I enjoy collecting fossils dating from prehistoric times Fossils often reveal to researchers much about life forms of a previous epoch I have some pretty amazing specimens, billions of years old, in my collection Some fossils demonstrate unique cell structures when seen through a microscope Scientists can learn much from fossils buried deep underground ■ PAGE 38 The first word of every sentence should be capitalized A phrase within parentheses should not be capitalized The first word of a direct quotation that is a complete sentence should be capitalized The first word of a direct quotation that is a complete sentence should be capitalized The first word of an indirect quotation should not be capitalized The pronoun I should always be capitalized Do not capitalize the first word of a quotation unless the entire quotation can stand as a complete sentence Capitalize the first word of a direct quotation that can stand as a complete sentence Do not capitalize a sentence within parentheses that is contained within another sentence A phrase within parentheses should not be capitalized 10 A clause within parentheses should not be capitalized ■ PAGE 39 Capitalize the names of most historical events and the names of countries Do not capitalize a historical period that refers to a general span of time Capitalize a proper adjective formed from the name of an ethnic group Capitalize the names of ethnic groups Capitalize compass points when they refer to a specific area of the country Capitalize the names of national groups Capitalize proper nouns that designate political party membership 60 Writer’s Choice: Grammar Enrichment, Grade 11 Capitalize titles of individuals when the titles are used before a proper name Capitalize important words in names of organizations Do not capitalize a common noun unless it is the first word of a sentence Capitalize titles of works Capitalize names of organizations Do not capitalize a common noun unless it is the first word of a sentence Capitalize the names of monuments Capitalize calendar items Capitalize the names of political parties Do not capitalize party, which is not part of the name 10 President is generally not capitalized when it does not refer to the current president of the United States and is used as a title that does not directly precede a name Capitalize names of institutions ■ PAGE 40 Part A Possible answers: Ishi was aware of the difference Stop that! I wonder how you’re going to explain that to your parents I wonder where Amy was when we needed her Those Olympic athletes are great! Part B Possible answers: Direct: Did the Japanese attack the United States fleet at Pearl Harbor? Indirect: The student asked whether the Japanese attacked the United States fleet at Pearl Harbor Direct: Was that a horrible day? Indirect: He asked if that was a horrible day Direct: Was much of the news coverage frightening? Indirect: She wondered whether much of the news coverage was frightening Direct: Was the whole country shocked and angered? Indirect: We asked whether the whole country was shocked and angered Direct: Did one theory suggest that the government had known the attack would occur? Indirect: We asked if there was a theory that suggested that the government knew the attack would occur ■ PAGE 41 Part A Dear Dr Kramer: I have been informed that you are an excellent physician: your skills are famous You were recommended to me for the following reasons: your education, your experience, and your compassion Correct I understand that you have an opening at 3:00 P.M on Thursday Correct I plan to bring along the following items: my body, my medical history, recent throat culture results, and an X-ray of my recently broken nose Copyright ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc ■ PAGE 37 Answers Correct Correct 10 I look forward to meeting you: I have heard so much about you Part B Possible answers: My schedule includes these classes: English, advanced algebra, American history, chemistry, and drama The following are a few foreign languages: French, Spanish, Chinese, Russian, and Farsi My favorite television shows are these: Leave it to Beaver, Zorro, and Captain Rescue The Jazzed Amoebas concert began at 8:30 P.M John Kennedy once said the following: “Ask not what your country can for you Ask what you can for your country.” He is such a happy child: he never cries or complains Copyright ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc ■ PAGE 42 Crystals surround us; they are everywhere Some crystals are obvious; there are, however, crystal structures to many other substances as well You probably know that snowflakes are crystals of ice; you probably didn’t know that aspirin, too, is made of crystals Sugar, salt, and sand are clearly crystals; moreover, most metals have a crystalline structure Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin planned to spend her life learning about crystals; furthermore, she intended to study chemistry She had always been curious about the materials around us; she found the substances that make up things intriguing Correct Correct Dorothy first heard about chemistry in Beccles; there she learned about growing crystals 10 Correct 11 Dorothy set up a small laboratory in her home; she performed chemical experiments there 12 Correct 13 Dorothy continued her studies at Oxford University; she attended an all-women’s college known as Somerville 14 Correct 15 In 1932 she had the opportunity to work with John D Bernal at Cambridge University; the work involved studying different kinds of crystals, including vitamins and hormones 16 In 1943 the first crystals of penicillin were grown; Dorothy analyzed their structure and then grew crystals of different penicillins 17 It was now possible for a variety of antibiotics to be produced in the laboratory; consequently, many lives were saved 18 Dorothy was honored for her work; in fact, at the age of thirty-seven she became a Fellow of the Royal Society of England 19 In 1964, while in Africa, she learned that she had won the Nobel Prize for chemistry; she won the award for having found the structure of important substances by X-ray methods 20 In the years that followed, she worked with the hormone insulin; subsequently, she learned that its molecule was composed of 777 atoms ■ PAGE 43 Part A Illuminated manuscripts were handwritten books with extensive hand-drawn decorative art, and they were popular before Gutenberg’s time The Book of Kells was one of these handwritten and hand-illustrated books, and it antedated Gutenberg’s Bibles Illustrating books is a very old art, yet it flourishes and attracts many talented artists today The illustrator Maurice Sendak is most famous for his Where the Wild Things Are, but his work on other children’s books is also well known The individual who writes a children’s book may become famous, yet the one who illustrates it may become even more famous Some people just write or illustrate children’s books, but many who write the books also illustrate them Correct Correct These books provide enjoyable reading for children, yet they still can be read with pleasure by adults and can teach simple moral lessons 10 Everyone enjoys escaping to the worlds created by Dr Seuss, for his worlds are always fantastic and colorful Part B Answers will vary Commas should precede all coordinating conjunctions Sample answer: She never forgot the scenes of her childhood, nor did she forget her old friends ■ PAGE 44 Part A Correct The postal service still offers inexpensive, efficient delivery of mail Mail is sorted and transported to a distant, exact location and delivered to the addressee Simply by addressing and posting a letter, you can start it on an amazing, far-reaching journey Part B Answers will vary Possible answers: Jeremy is a close, trusted, caring friend Christina left before the suspenseful, enthralling, climactic end The new library was a comfortable, well-lighted, modern building Leo’s favorite pants were his old denim jeans Janet’s family was renovating a dilapidated Victorian house Writer’s Choice: Grammar Enrichment, Grade 11 61 Answers Correct This star, which was formed from a cloud of hydrogen, is believed to be 4.49 billion years old It forms the center of a solar system that includes nine planets and their moons, all of which revolve around the sun Our solar system also includes several thousand minor planets, called asteroids; in addition, there are an equally large number of comets Actually, all stars, including our sun, are large spheres of superheated gas Correct Correct Correct Our sun, slightly below average in size and temperature compared with other stars, has a supply of hydrogen fuel sufficient to last for another five billion years 10 Our sun is not motionless in space; it is, in fact, moving in more than one direction 11 Correct 12 A part of the Milky Way, the sun also revolves as part of that galaxy 13 In addition, the sun also rotates on its axis 14 Scientists tracking the motion of sunspots, dark areas that look like large storms, have shown that the rotation takes twenty-five days 15 Solar flares, usually associated with sun spots, resemble gigantic flames 16 These bursts, which can be seen through telescopes, are dramatic to behold; furthermore, some people believe that the flares foretell events on earth 17 In fact, the flares are sudden bursts of burning gases on the sun’s surface, known as the photosphere, and they bear no relationship to events on earth 18 Correct 19 Outside the chromosphere is the corona, which consists of very tenuous gases and is very rarefied 20 The corona, seen because of the diffraction produced by these thin clouds or mist, creates an impressive display when the sun is eclipsed ■ PAGE 46 Part A Answers will vary Sample answers are provided Check that students’ use of commas matches that in the samples Today’s date is Monday, January 15, 2001 My friend Rainaldo lives at 25 Elm Lane, Columbus, Ohio Renée, where are you going? My uncle is Alberto Samoza, Ph.D Lagos, Nigeria, is one place I’ve always wanted to visit 62 Writer’s Choice: Grammar Enrichment, Grade 11 Part B Sample answer (address) (city, state and zip code) (month and date year) Dear Susannah, I hope your junior year at college has been a good one I know you’re looking forward to one last summer as waterfront director at good old Camp Castaway in Moosehead, Maine Susannah, I appreciate your offer to write a letter of reference for me and would like to ask you to so now I have applied for a summer job as lifeguard at the town beach in Deepwater, Delaware, and have told my prospective employer about my experience as your assistant at camp Please address your letter as follows: Mr Carl Croaker, Manager Recreation Department 55 Leapfrog Lane Deepwater, Delaware 21212 Thanks again, old friend, for your willingness to recommend me Sincerely yours, ■ PAGE 47 Part A What I thought would be a dull play turned out to be the best play I’ve ever seen The setting of the first scene was an upstairs apartment; two boys came in talking The childhood that their father had lived became their childhood for a time In the play the boys struggle to understand their grandmother and her world and eventually gain some understanding The interesting characters in the play included a gangster, the grandmother, and a nervous sister Part B Although outbreaks of flu have been recorded for more than 250 years, the flu that struck in 1918 was the worst ever recorded The epidemic, because it began in Spain, was called Spanish influenza Within a very short time the flu spread throughout Europe and to China, Egypt, India, and Peru Recognized almost from the outset, its most astonishing feature was the speed with which it spread Moreover, many of the flu’s victims, unlike those of earlier flu epidemics, were those aged twenty to forty, not the very old and the very young Correct Falling into a coma, some patients appeared to have encephalitis Delirium, chills, high fever, or great pain in joints or muscles was too often followed by decline and death within hours Copyright ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc ■ PAGE 45 Answers As the numbers of sick and dying climbed, people in San Francisco were required to wear face masks in public, and in Chicago it was a crime to cough or sneeze in public without a handkerchief 10 In four years the First World War caused twenty-five million deaths worldwide; in less than one tenth of that time, the influenza epidemic claimed an equal number ■ PAGE 48 Copyright ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Part A The route of Magellan (see map) was westerly Mary Alin Evans (George Eliot) wrote Silas Marner Notice how the flask is positioned on the stand (See diagram on page 123.) Theodore (“Teddy” to his friends) was appointed chairperson Notice how the reaction proceeds (figure 2) Add a solution of 20% sodium chloride (NaCl) to the beaker The last time I was at the store (a favorite hangout) was a year ago The gas produced is chlorine (klo´reen) Pyrite (“fool’s gold”) is often mistaken for real gold 10 I am truly amazed by the aurora borealis (the northern lights) Part B Winston Churchill observed that never in the field of human conflict was so much owed by so many to so few [the Royal Air Force] My uncle Dirk (who lives in New Jersey [my brother also lives there]) is a very shrewd businessman “The Great Spirit above has appointed this place for us [the Shawnee] and here we will remain.”— Tecumseh T S Eliot was born in St Louis, Missouri, in 1888 (He became a British subject in 1927 [twelve years after the publication of “The Love Song of J Alfred Prufrock”].) A striker was quoted as saying, “If they [the management] want to talk, they can come out here and talk.” ■ PAGE 49 Part A “ not in armaments, nor in science, nor in going underground Our defense is in law and order.” “Our defense is not in armaments, nor in going underground Our defense is in law and order.” “Our defense is not in armaments, nor in science Our defense is in law and order.” “Our defense is not in armaments, [but] in law and order.” Part B (1) “Full ahead,” ordered the captain, “heading oh nine-oh,” and the crew placed the tanker Crude Oil Princess on an easterly heading (2) Waving frantically, the first mate called to friends on shore, “Arrivederci,” which in Italian means “till we meet again.” (3) The captain’s favorite expression, a French one, was votre santé; which means “to your health.” (4) His hat, tilted to one side, had the letters C.O.P embroidered in gold braid (5) “Let’s get this baby moving,” he grunted to the men in the engine room “We all want to feel some sunshine on our backs.” (6) Then the captain began to hum the tune of the song “Let It Be.” (7) Off we went because tempus fugit, which is Latin for “time flies.” (8) “How long before we reach port?” the second mate queried (9) “All in good time,” came the captain’s leisurely reply, “all in good time.” (10) He returned to reading “The Raven” in his tattered copy of The Works of Edgar Allan Poe ■ PAGE 50 Part A Last night I studied the TV Guide to see what was on television I decided to watch an old episode of Zorro My mother suggested that I read War and Peace instead Chacun son gout (“everyone to his own taste”), I thought, and as a compromise I announced I would go to the theater to see a revival of the movie classic Casablanca “We’ll see how smart you feel when you bring home an F in your literature class,” observed Mom I reminded her of the Fielding v Fielding decision, which limited parental authority She asked if I knew the meaning of the word grounded Naturally, I decided to stay home, but then I tried to talk Mom into letting me rent the movie version of War and Peace “Que será, será,” she laughed Then she added, “In case you don’t know, that means ‘What will be, will be.’” 10 We wound up having a great time; first, Mom read me Langston Hughes’s poem “Mother to Son”; then, together we began Hughes’s first volume of short stories, The Ways of White Folks Part B Answers will vary Examples are given I read about the recession in the Wall Street Journal Those rights were tested in Harrison v State of New York And now I must bid you hasta la vista Zorro was a memorable television series broadcast in black and white He put an X next to each name as he called the names Grant Wood’s American Gothic pictures the rural Midwest Writer’s Choice: Grammar Enrichment, Grade 11 63 Answers ■ PAGE 51 Part A The 1930s was a difficult time for weather forecasters’ predictions My grandfather remembers the summer of ’34 That summer’s high temperatures were frequently in the 90s and 100s It didn’t rain once the whole summer Correct The 1940s brought generally wet weather, but drought returned by ’53 ■ PAGE 52 Part A One hundred fourteen people graduated in my senior class Please arrive at exactly 9:05 A.M or Please arrive at exactly five minutes after 9:00 A.M Life was more exciting in the eighteenth century than it is today You still owe me $2.40 Their apartment is near Seventh Avenue, on 73rd Street More than billion people live in China The car’s fuel tank holds 9.7 gallons of gasoline The number of participants jumped from 70 to 235 The armistice ending World War I was signed November 11, 1918 10 Correct Part B Answers will vary Verify that students’ uses of numbers and numerals match those detailed in their textbook Copyright ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Part B At his birth in 1934, Imamu Amiri Baraka’s name was LeRoi Jones; the poet wasn’t born with a Muslim name Jones’s birthplace was Newark, New Jersey Correct He attended Howard University, spent two years’ time in the Air Force, and then received a degree in German literature from Columbia University His early poems attempted to convey a black intellectual’s thoughts at living in a white world These poems’ speakers were concerned about their guilt and fears With time’s passage Jones became increasingly outspoken and separate from the white literary circles of which he had been an important part Correct As his activities became more social and political, Jones set up Spirit House in Newark in ’66 10 After taking a Muslim name, Baraka in ’68 helped found the Black Community Development and Defense Organization in Newark 11 In 1969 Baraka wrote a play dealing with African slaves’ transportation to the New World 12 His ’69 book of poems, Black Magic, marked a real point of departure in the poet’s writings 13 The sections’ titles—”Sabotage,” “Target Study,” and “Black Art”—tell a great deal about the volume’s concerns 14 Baraka has also written a novel, and he analyzed America’s black musicians in Blues People and Black Music 15 The author didn’t arrive at his viewpoints overnight; rather extensive thought and analysis led to the development of his ideas, which changed somewhat over the years 64 Writer’s Choice: Grammar Enrichment, Grade 11 ... Writer’s Choice: Grammar Enrichment, Grade 11, Unit 11 11 Grammar Enrichment Name Class Date 11. 5 Subject Complements ■ A Identifying Subject... of the mountain Michelangelo painted Writer’s Choice: Grammar Enrichment, Grade 11, Unit 11 Grammar Enrichment Name Class Date 11. 5 Direct and Indirect Objects ■ A Identifying... Writer’s Choice: Grammar Enrichment, Grade 11, Unit 10 Grammar Enrichment Name Class Date 10.3 Linking Verbs ■