Grammar and Composition Grammar Enrichment Grade Glencoe/McGraw-Hill Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc All rights reserved Permission is granted to reproduce material contained herein on the condition that such material be reproduced only for classroom use; and be provided to students, teachers, and families without charge; and be used solely in conjunction with Writer’s Choice Any other reproduction, for use or sale, is prohibited without written permission of the publisher Printed in the United States of America Send all inquiries to: Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 8787 Orion Place Columbus, Ohio 43240 ISBN 0-07-823332-1 024 04 03 02 01 00 ii Contents Unit Subjects, Predicates, and Sentences 8.1–2 8.3, 8.4 8.6 Unit Sentences and Sentence Fragments Subjects and Predicates Identifying the Subject Simple and Compound Sentences Nouns 9.1–2, Kinds of Nouns 9.4 Distinguishing Plurals, Possessives, and Contractions 9.6 Appositives Unit 10 Verbs 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.6 10.7–8 10.9–10 Unit 11 Pronouns 11.1 11.2 11.4 11.5 11.6–7 Unit 12 Personal Pronouns 15 Pronouns and Antecedents 16 Possessive Pronouns 17 Indefinite Pronouns 18 Reflexive, Intensive, and Interrogative Pronouns 19 Adjectives and Adverbs 12.1–2 12.3–4 12.5 12.6 12.7 12.9 12.10 Unit 13 Transitive and Intransitive Verbs Verbs with Indirect Objects Linking Verbs and Predicate Words 10 Present, Past, and Future Tenses 11 Main Verbs and Helping Verbs 12 Progressive Forms and Perfect Tenses 13 Irregular Verbs 14 Adjectives, Articles, and Proper Adjectives 20 Comparative and Superlative Adjectives 21 Demonstratives 22 Adverbs 23 Intensifiers 24 Using Adverbs and Adjectives 25 Avoiding Double Negatives 26 Prepositions, Conjunctions, and Interjections 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4–5 Prepositions and Prepositional Phrases 27 Pronouns as Objects of Prepositions 28 Prepositional Phrases as Adjectives and Adverbs 29 Conjunctions and Interjections 30 iii Contents Unit 14 Clauses and Complex Sentences 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 14.5 Unit 15 Verbals 15.1 15.2 15.3 Unit 16 iv Capitalization I 43 Capitalization II 44 Punctuation 20.1 20.2 20.3 20.4 20.5 20.6 20.7–8 20.9–10 Answers Using Troublesome Words 42 Capitalization 19.1–2 19.3–4 Unit 20 Making Subjects and Verbs Agree 39 Problems with Locating the Subject 40 Special Subjects 41 Glossary of Special Usage Problems 17.1–2 Unit 19 Participles and Participial Phrases 36 Gerunds and Gerund Phrases 37 Infinitives and Infinitive Phrases 38 Subject-Verb Agreement 16.1, 16.2 16.3–4 Unit 17 Sentences and Clauses 31 Complex Sentences 32 Adjective Clauses 33 Adverb Clauses 34 Noun Clauses 35 Using the Period and Other End Marks 45 Using Commas I 46 Using Commas II 47 Using Commas III 48 Using Semicolons and Colons 49 Using Quotation Marks and Italics 50 Using Apostrophes, Hyphens, Dashes, and Parentheses 51 Using Abbreviations and Writing Numbers 52 53 Grammar Enrichment Name Class Date 8.1–2 Sentences and Sentence Fragments ■ A Identifying Sentences and Sentence Fragments Decide whether each group of words below is a sentence or a sentence fragment If it is a sentence, write whether it is declarative, interrogative, exclamatory, or imperative Rewrite the sentence, adding capital letters and punctuation marks where necessary If it is not a complete sentence, write sentence fragment the pirates buried the treasure _ _ water the flowers daily _ _ almost everyone in the neighborhood _ _ when does the first bus leave _ what an excellent storyteller she is _ eighty-eight keys on a piano _ _ all owls fly silently Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc _ at six o’clock on the evening of June _ _ ■ B Writing Different Types of Sentences Write one sentence of each kind listed below For each sentence, underline the subject part once and the predicate part twice (declarative) _ (interrogative) _ (exclamatory) (imperative) _ Writer’s Choice: Grammar Enrichment, Grade 7, Unit Grammar Enrichment Name Class Date 8.3, Subjects and Predicates ■ A Making Subjects and Verbs Agree In the sentences below, underline each simple subject Then underline the correct form of the verb in parentheses Some teens (adore, adores) sports My parents, sisters, and brother (argue, argues) about their favorite teams My sisters (enjoy, enjoys) basketball Silvia or Bella (score, scores) the most baskets when we play Baseball or tennis (is, are) my parents’ favorite sport My brother and his friends (play, plays) football all the time Either my mother or my father (come, comes) to my soccer games My sisters and brother (memorize, memorizes) statistics The television or the radio (broadcast, broadcasts) a sports event almost every day 10 Neither rainstorms nor snow (prevent, prevents) us from playing ■ B Writing Sentences Write one sentence using each of the sentence elements indicated below Make sure the verb agrees with the subject (compound subject joined by and) _ _ _ (compound subject joined by or, with each subject singular) _ _ (compound subject joined by or, with the first subject singular and the second subject plural) _ _ (compound predicate joined by or) _ _ (compound subject joined by or, with the first subject plural and the second subject singular) _ _ Writer’s Choice: Grammar Enrichment, Grade 7, Unit Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc (compound predicate joined by but) Grammar Enrichment Name Class Date 8.4 Identifying the Subject ■ A Finding the Subject For each sentence underline the complete subject and draw a second line under the simple subject Then write your own sentences using the simple subjects you have identified One light source is the sun _ Are these snakes poisonous? _ There are your new assignments _ Call the library for the time of the lecture _ Do leopards climb trees? _ ■ B Writing Sentences Using Inverted Order Rewrite each of the following sentences in the manner directed A prosperous lemon farm is in that valley (Insert There at the beginning.) _ Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc C and B vitamins are in lemons (Insert There at the beginning.) _ In this building are the lemon presses (Make the statement a question.) _ Lemons are used as scent in many products (Make the statement a question.) _ You can find out more about citrus fruits (Make the sentence a command.) _ Writer’s Choice: Grammar Enrichment, Grade 7, Unit Grammar Enrichment Name Class Date 8.6 Simple and Compound Sentences ■ A Recognizing Simple Sentences, Compound Sentences, and Run-ons Write whether each item below is a simple sentence, a compound sentence, or a run-on If the sentence is a run-on, rewrite it correctly in the space provided after the last sentence Zoology and botany are branches of biology _ There are many dogs in literature, probably the most famous is Lassie _ Most cats not like water tigers enjoy the water _ Ladybugs and lightning bugs are kinds of beetles. Sally wants a career in paleontology, and she talks about fossils constantly Dinosaurs did not adapt to changing conditions and died out _ Corrected Run-ons: Write one sentence for each of the types indicated, using the kinds of subjects and verbs suggested (simple sentence with compound predicate) _ (simple sentence with compound subject) _ (simple sentence with both compound subject and compound predicate) _ _ (compound sentence) _ (compound sentence with either a compound subject or a compound predicate) _ _ Writer’s Choice: Grammar Enrichment, Grade 7, Unit Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc ■ B Writing Simple and Compound Sentences Grammar Enrichment Name Class Date 9.1–2, Kinds of Nouns ■ A Identifying Nouns Underline each common noun once, and indicate whether it is concrete or abstract by writing C or A in the space above the word Underline each proper noun twice and circle any letters that you think should be capitalized The seashore at cape hatteras is wide and uncrowded In february our nation honors george washington and abraham lincoln In the old movie, king kong climbed the empire state building Many people are fascinated by the statues on easter island Everglades national park in florida is a huge subtropical wilderness The sears tower is an interesting building The force of the hurricane damaged parts of the coastline The country of zimbabwe used to be called rhodesia The moons of jupiter include io, europa, and ganymede 10 In pittsburgh, pennsylvania, jonas salk developed a vaccine against polio ■ B Writing Plural Compound Nouns Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Next to each compound noun, write the plural form hanger-on _ commander in chief _ handful _ daughter-in-law _ teaspoon stepchild lady-in-waiting _ taxpayer _ ■ C Using Collective Nouns For each collective noun below write one sentence, using the meaning given in parentheses team (single unit) _ _ class (individuals) _ _ crew (single unit) _ _ staff (individuals) _ _ Writer’s Choice: Grammar Enrichment, Grade 7, Unit Grammar Enrichment Name Class Date 9.4 Distinguishing Plurals, Possessives, and Contractions ■ A Using Plurals, Possessives, and Contractions Underline the word in parentheses that correctly completes the sentence A compact (discs, disc’s) underside contains a pattern of tiny (pits, pits’) The (laser’s, lasers) light is not reflected when it hits a pit When the light hits areas without pits, it is reflected, and electric (signals, signal’s) are produced This theater’s (popcorns’, popcorn’s) too expensive The Pacific is the (world’s, worlds) largest ocean When cold (fronts, fronts’) meet warm air, storms often develop Around 150 (countries, countries’) send delegates to the United Nations These (countries, countries’) delegates work together to maintain world peace Charlotte and Emily Brontë wrote novels; both (Brontë’s, Brontës) died young 10 The (childrens’, children’s) choir will perform at eight o’clock this evening ■ B Writing Possessives and Contractions Rewrite the following sentences so that each includes a possessive or a contraction The sentence’s meaning should stay the same The calculator that belongs to Carmen has a graphics screen _ _ Today is the last day for you to hand in your application _ The newsletter of this organization explains how you can become a member _ Pluto is the planet farthest from the sun. _ _ That dog took the toy that I gave to my cat _ Writer’s Choice: Grammar Enrichment, Grade 7, Unit Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc The creatures that live on this planet are peaceful _ Grammar Enrichment Name Class Date 20.2 Using Commas I ■ A Using Commas Add commas where necessary In the box on the top shelf I keep my stamp collection A crocus the first flower to appear in the spring bloomed outside my window Spring I know now is just a few weeks away Taking a break from studying we raided the refrigerator The instruments in the band were a guitar a bass guitar and drums Natalia which planet is closest to the sun? Okay I will watch your little brother for a while Dr Ling a professor at the college published a book about his research The summer camp has facilities for swimming horseback riding and canoeing 10 No this bus does not stop at Monroe Street ■ B Using Commas in Sentences Rewrite the following sentences, adding commas where necessary If the sentence needs no changes, write correct The Reynolds house the oldest structure in the city has been turned into a restaurant _ The menu includes seafood steaks and pasta _ _ Yes I would like to go there with you Jon _ The sun believe it or not is shining in the middle of February _ On the way to the beach we sang old songs _ Getting on the bus I dropped my books _ _ 46 Writer’s Choice: Grammar Enrichment, Grade 7, Unit 20 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc _ Grammar Enrichment Name Class Date 20.3 Using Commas II ■ A Using Commas Add commas where necessary If the phone rings will you answer it? The waves on the lake are high today and a storm warning has been issued I want to go to a movie tonight but horror movies give me nightmares After you explain the procedure I will the work Wherever Ebenezer looked he saw the face of his old partner and friend While I was on vacation I bought this T-shirt for you Rajiv will start the next round of play when he is ready Although passenger pigeons used to be numerous they are now extinct Because the radiator had a leak the engine overheated 10 We could play a board game or we could take a bike ride ■ B Using Commas in Sentences Rewrite the following sentences Add commas where needed If the sentence needs no commas, write correct Wherever the fertilizer had been applied the grass was green and thick _ _ Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Until I tried to bake a pie myself, I didn’t know how much time it took _ _ Chicago used to be the second-biggest city in the United States but now Los Angeles has taken its place _ Whenever some people walk past a graveyard they whistle for good luck _ _ While I don’t believe in superstitions I think they are interesting _ _ Writer’s Choice: Grammar Enrichment, Grade 7, Unit 20 47 Grammar Enrichment Name Class Date 20.4 Using Commas III ■ A Using Commas Rewrite the following sentences, adding commas where needed If the sentence needs no commas, write correct Darryl said, “That car can go from zero to sixty in nine seconds.” _ _ Linda moved here from Sacramento California in June 1991. _ _ Robin moved here that year too _ _ Unlike tulips impatiens are annual flowers _ _ The address of the company is 415 Monterey Rd Smallville OH 44121 _ “We will rent a bus” Mr Nath said “if enough students sign up for the trip.” _ On July 20 1969 Neil Armstrong became the first person to walk on the moon _ In spite of warnings of bad weather the small boat set sail at dusk ■ B Writing with Commas Write a letter to a friend about a place you have seen In your letter mention the city and state where the place is located, and include a date and at least one quotation 48 Writer’s Choice: Grammar Enrichment, Grade 7, Unit 20 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc _ Grammar Enrichment Name Class Date 20.5 Using Semicolons and Colons ■ A Using Semicolons and Colons Rewrite each sentence, adding colons or semicolons where needed If no colons or semicolons are needed, write correct Mai planted these flowers in her garden petunias, begonias, and marigolds _ _ The school band marched, played popular songs, and danced the crowd clapped, cheered, and gave them a standing ovation. _ _ The pet shop sells dogs, cats, snakes, and fish _ _ The players scrambled for the loose ball the football had taken a strange bounce _ ■ B Writing Sentences with Colons Rewrite these sentences, rewording them so that a colon is necessary People like to bike, swim, and picnic at the Huntington Beach Park _ _ You will need a pencil, a protractor, and a ruler to complete the test. _ Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc _ ■ C Writing Sentences with Semicolons Combine the sentences by correctly using semicolons The Arctic fox stores food for the winter The Arctic fox refrigerates its food on the permanent ice. _ _ The Arctic fox’s fur has two color phases during the winter Mostly it is pure white, but sometimes it is smoky blue to gray _ _ _ Writer’s Choice: Grammar Enrichment, Grade 7, Unit 20 49 Grammar Enrichment Name Class Date 20.6 Using Quotation Marks and Italics ■ A Using Quotation Marks and Italics Add quotation marks, underlining (italics), and other punctuation marks where needed in the following sentences Joanie thinks that the poem Annabelle Lee is too sad Mark asked How did you like the movie Fantasia The Martian spaceship now has landed in New Jersey the announcer said solemnly Run for your lives shrieked the terrified bystander The spaceship is exploding That show was fantastic Ryan exclaimed Are you attending the dance concert next week asked Ms Chang The book The Wizard of Oz was made into a movie in 1939 The song Over the Rainbow was written for that film The Phoenicians reported Raul traveled all over the Mediterranean area 10 The chapter where we discover the culprit is called The End of the Line ■ B Writing a Conversation Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Write a conversation you might hear at the lunch or dinner table on a typical day Be sure to let the reader know who is saying the words Also, be sure your sentences are punctuated correctly with quotation marks, commas, and end marks 50 Writer’s Choice: Grammar Enrichment, Grade 7, Unit 20 Grammar Enrichment Name Class Date 20.7–8 Using Apostrophes, Hyphens, Dashes, and Parentheses ■ A Using Apostrophes, Hyphens, Dashes, and Parentheses Rewrite the following sentences, adding apostrophes, hyphens, dashes, and parentheses where needed If the sentence needs no changes, write correct My greataunt is my grandmothers sister _ Isnt it almost time for the Simpsons visit? The credit is all yours _ Reduce the engines to one quarter speed I read twenty five books over the summer _ ■ B Writing Sentences Using Apostrophes Rewrite each sentence so that it needs an apostrophe but its meaning is the same Example: That book belongs to Marcella That is Marcella’s book The recipe from Mrs Riojas is delicious _ The roars of the engines drowned out your voice. This idea came from Chris _ The antlers of the male moose were impressive _ ■ C Writing with Parentheses and Dashes Rewrite the following sentences to include the phrase in italics For one of the sentences, dashes will work better than parentheses Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc (I like my stuffed one) Did you know that pandas are related to raccoons? _ _ (a branch of science that examines geological periods through fossil remains) Jonie studies paleontology _ Writer’s Choice: Grammar Enrichment, Grade 7, Unit 20 51 Grammar Enrichment Name Class Date 20.9–10 Using Abbreviations and Writing Numbers ■ A Using Abbreviations Abbreviate each underlined item in the following sentences Senator Caroline Ramirez voted against the amendment The Federal Bureau of Investigation was called in on the case Classes resume on Monday _ The president always lives at 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue The postcard was addressed to Chen Ling, 45 Collins Street, Phoenix, Arizona _ Carl Blauner, Doctor of Medicine, is my family’s doctor The meeting was called to order at 3:45 post meridiem _ The experiment called for milliliters of water _ ■ B Writing Numbers Underline the correct form of the number in parentheses I heard a loud boom at (six o’clock, 6:00) (Twenty-four thousand, 24,000) people can fit into this stadium I answered (90, ninety) percent of the questions correctly Is this your (first, 1st) trip to New York City? Santa Fe, New Mexico, is (386, three hundred eighty-six) miles from Denver, Colorado You will find the answers on page (thirty-nine, 39) The speed limit on this road is (fifty-five, 55) miles per hour According to legends, Rome was founded around the year (750, seven hundred fifty) B.C 10 My last class ends at (2:30 P.M., two thirty P.M.) 52 Writer’s Choice: Grammar Enrichment, Grade 7, Unit 20 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc The population of the United States is approximately (250,000,000; 250 million) Answers ■ PAGE ■ PAGE Part A Answers are as follows: kind of sentence, word to be capitalized, punctuation mark declarative—The treasure imperative—Water daily sentence fragment interrogative—When leave? exclamatory—What is! sentence fragment interrogative—Do silently? sentence fragment Part A Run-ons can be corrected in several ways; a possible correction is given simple run-on—There are many dogs in literature Probably the most famous is Lassie run-on—Most cats not like water, but tigers enjoy the water simple compound simple Part B Guidelines: Make sure each sentence has both a subject and a predicate, fits the category in which the student has placed it, and has correct end punctuation Check to see that the complete subject and complete predicate are correctly identified Part B Guidelines: Make sure each sentence fits the given description The simple sentences joined in the compound sentences should he closely related and connected by a comma and an appropriate conjunction or by a semicolon ■ PAGE Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Part A Guidelines: The following words should he underlined teens—adore parents, sisters, brother—argue sisters—enjoy Silvia, Bella—scores Baseball, tennis—is brother, friends—play mother, father—comes sisters, brother—memorize television, radio—broadcasts 10 rainstorms, snow—prevents Part B Guidelines: Make sure that student includes each element listed Each item must be a complete sentence with correct subject-verb agreement ■ PAGE Part A Guidelines: Make sure student includes the simple subject shown below in his or her sentences One light source (You) these snakes leopards your new assignments Part B Possible answers: There is a prosperous lemon farm in that valley There are C and B vitamins in lemons Are the lemon presses in this building? Are lemons used as scent in many products? Find out more about citrus fruits ■ PAGE Part A Answers are shown as follows: common noun, C or A; proper noun seashore, C; Cape Hatteras February; nation, C; George Washington; Abraham Lincoln movie, C; King Kong; Empire State Building people, C; statues, C; Easter Island Everglades National Park; Florida; wilderness, C Sears Tower; building, C force, A; hurricane, parts, C; coastline, C country, C; Zimbabwe; Rhodesia moons, C; Jupiter; Io; Europa; Ganymede 10 Pittsburgh; Pennsylvania; Jonas Salk; vaccine, C; polio, A Part B hangers-on handfuls teaspoons ladies-in-waiting commanders in chief daughters-in-law stepchildren taxpayers Part C Guidelines: Student should follow the directions for each item Be sure subjects and verbs agree Pronouns that refer to nouns should agree in number ■ PAGE Part A disc’s, pits laser’s signals popcorn’s world’s 10 fronts countries countries’ Brontës children’s Writer’s Choice: Grammar Enrichment, Grade 53 Answers ■ PAGE Part A Guidelines: Student should understand the difference between an essential and a nonessential appositive Part B Possible answers: Jumbo, the elephant, A replica of the Mayflower, the ship that the Pilgrims sailed to America, to find nuggets of gold, a precious metal We went to Washington, D.C., the capital of the United States, and toured the White House, the president’s residence plays the Panthers, the best team in the league ■ PAGE Part A Answers are shown as follows: verb—transitive or intransitive—direct object dedicated—transitive—poems worked—intransitive threw—transitive—ball; scored—transitive—points composed—transitive—music examined—transitive—images; discovered—transitive—volcanoes painted—intransitive Part B Guidelines: The same verb should be used in both sentences; only the first sentence includes a direct object ■ PAGE Part A Answers are shown as follows: direct object(s)—indirect object(s) blankets, food—victims blood souvenirs—us meat English, Spanish bike, skateboard—Sam, Carl fastball, curve—batter letters—representative, governor postcards—Stephanie, me 10 squirrel 54 Writer’s Choice: Grammar Enrichment, Grade Part B Guidelines: Make sure student correctly uses direct and indirect objects ■ PAGE 10 Part A looks—linking, predicate adjective shared—action becomes—linking, predicate noun turned—linking, predicate adjective Was—linking, predicate noun turned—action Part B Guidelines: Be sure sentences follow the given patterns ■ PAGE 11 Part A Answers are shown as follows: verb—tense wore—past bought—past will direct—future will identify—future arrived—past rely—present look—present boasted—past served—past 10 will split—future Part B Guidelines: Be sure that the first paragraph is in the present tense and the second is in the past tense Verbs must agree with their subjects in number ■ PAGE 12 Part A Possible answers: have have has has are has is are Part B Guidelines: Be sure that directions are followed ■ PAGE 13 Part A have watched is enjoying had tried were causing are investigating Part B Guidelines: Indicated verb tenses should be used in sentences about warm-weather and cold-weather activities ■ PAGE 14 Part A bit or bitten knew done blown risen grown crept swum Part B Guidelines: Be sure that the paragraph has both past tenses and past participles Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Part B Possible answers: Carmen’s calculator has a graphics screen This planet’s creatures are peaceful Today’s the last day for you to hand in your application This organization’s newsletter explains how you can become a member Pluto’s the planet farthest from the sun That dog took my cat’s toy Answers ■ PAGE 15 Part A Guidelines: Make sure student uses correct form of verb and personal pronoun in each sentence Part B Guidelines: Make sure student uses at least one personal pronoun in each sentence ■ PAGE 16 Part A Answers are shown as follows: pronoun—antecedent Possible answers: He or She—teacher them—fables he—fox; them—grapes they—mouse, lion it—crow It—phrase they—students them—ant, grasshopper it—hare 10 it—fable Part B Guidelines: Make sure that student has used a pronoun and a clear antecedent in each sentence ■ PAGE 17 Part A Guidelines: Be sure that each sentence contains the indicated verb and possessive pronoun Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Part B Guidelines: Each sentence should include one possessive pronoun, used correctly ■ PAGE 18 Part A Answers are shown as follows: indefinite pronoun (correct choice) anyone (Does) Some (have) Several (come) Most (is) Neither (is) few (stay) Everyone (his or her) All (their) Something (is) 10 Each (writes) (his or her) Part B Guidelines: Be sure student has used the required indefinite pronoun in each sentence ■ PAGE 19 Part A itself—reflexive itself—intensive Who—interrogative Which—interrogative herself—intensive 10 himself—reflexive themselves—reflexive myself—intensive himself—reflexive Whose—interrogative Part B Guidelines: Each sentence should include an interrogative pronoun, used correctly ■ PAGE 20 Part A American—proper adj.; colorful—predicate adj.; noisy—predicate adj Careful—adj.; serious—adj An—indefinite article; interesting—adj.; a—indefinite article; surprising—adj Good—adj.; aware—predicate adj.; unusual—adj delicious—adj ripe—adj.; crisp—adj.; Russian—proper adj dangerous—predicate adj tense—adj.; calm—predicate adj Logical—adj.; necessary—predicate adj.; an— indefinite article 10 Mexican—proper adj.; popular—predicate adj.; the— definite article Part B Guidelines: Student’s sentences should include at least one adjective, one predicate adjective, one proper adjective, one definite article, and one indefinite article ■ PAGE 21 Part A most dangerous better most expensive or least expensive slower most populated 10 most useful worst cozier most exciting heavier Part B Guidelines: Make sure the paragraph includes examples of both comparative and superlative adjectives Places described should be clearly identified ■ PAGE 22 Part A Answers are shown as follows: demonstrative—type of demonstrative This—demonstrative adjective Those—demonstrative pronoun Those—demonstrative adjective that—demonstrative adjective That—demonstrative pronoun those—demonstrative adjective this—demonstrative adjective this—demonstrative adjective that—demonstrative adjective 10 That—demonstrative pronoun Part B Guidelines: Be sure the sentences correctly use either a demonstrative adjective or a demonstrative pronoun Writer’s Choice: Grammar Enrichment, Grade 55 Answers ■ PAGE 23 Part A Answers are shown as follows: adverb—word modified— question answered always—asks—when south—fly—where gracefully—reared—how enthusiastically—roared—how sometimes—plays—when outside—left—where here—Wait—where admiringly—looked—how sleepily—crawled—how 10 soon—will be—when Part B Guidelines: Make sure student has correctly included at least one underlined adverb in each sentence ■ PAGE 24 Part B Guidelines: Be sure that student has written sentences that follow the specific directions for each item ■ PAGE 25 Part A at the museum; of the paintings; by Monet Within the branches; of a tree; of many animals outside the house; until the departure; of the firefighters from Vince’s pocket; across the street; to the curb After an hour; of its furniture with a red collar; under the chair; near the door Part B Guidelines: Make sure that the new sentence includes the base sentence and at least one prepositional phrase ■ PAGE 28 Part B Guidelines: Make sure that every response is a complete sentence, that it makes sense, and that the pronouns used as objects of a preposition are in the proper case wisely, adverb calm, adjective suspicious, adjective well, adverb bad, adjective ■ PAGE 26 Part A Possible answers: can’t, hardly; I can hardly see the stage from this seat doesn’t, nowhere; It doesn’t say anywhere that the park closes during the winter haven’t, no one; I haven’t told anyone my good news yet didn’t, nothing; Fran didn’t read anything about her team in the school newspaper Writer’s Choice: Grammar Enrichment, Grade Part A Answers are shown as follows: prepositional phrase— kind—modified word at the stop—adverb—arrives in San Diego—adjective—zoo; for many years— adverb—famous through rips—adverb—dripped; in the umbrella— adjective—rips; over that table—adjective—umbrella down the street—adjective—store; until midnight— adverb—open from the pack—adjective—paper; on the shelf— adjective—pack Part B Guidelines: Make sure that sentences are complete and meet the criteria given in parentheses Prepositional phrases should be identified as well as the correct modified words Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc ■ PAGE 29 Part B Guidelines: Make sure each of the words is used correctly in the sentences Good and bad are adjectives, badly is an adverb, and well may be used as an adjective or an adverb 56 ■ PAGE 27 Part A Answers are shown with correct pronoun Leon sat down between Tim and me Between you and me, there’s something fishy around here Tanya walked to the right of Kiki and us The ball took a strange hop over the batter and him The story about the princess and him is very romantic This threat from Robin Hood and them was ignored Near Gerry and him is a good spot for the speaker The ball rolled between the picnic table and them Part A extremely, proud, adjective quite, slowly, adverb almost, always, adverb somewhat, hasty, adjective practically, never, adverb just, grateful, adjective very, happy, adjective really, fast, adverb so, early, adverb 10 too, seriously, adverb Part A contented, adjective continuously, adverb delicious, adjective faithful, adjective dangerously, adverb 10 Part B Guidelines: Be sure that student uses an acceptable way to correct each double negative Answers ■ PAGE 30 Answers are shown as follows: conjunction—function of conjunction; interjection Part A and—compound sentence; Yes or—compound predicate Both/and—compound subject; Ha either/or—compound object of the verb and—compound object of a preposition; Hurray or—compound subject; What and—compound object of a preposition Neither/nor—compound subject; Alas Part B Guidelines: Make sure sentences are complete and the paragraph is coherent Check for correct punctuation and that subjects and verbs agree ■ PAGE 31 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Part A compound sentence—This dress pattern is simple— the zipper can be tricky simple sentence simple sentence compound sentence—The old house looked deserted—many of its windows were broken compound sentence—We rode to the top of the Gateway Arch—I could see downtown St Louis compound sentence—the bus is late—my watch is fast simple sentence compound sentence—Cheryl didn’t clean her paintbrushes—now the paint on her brushes is dry compound sentence—England protected its industry—Slater carried away plans in his head 10 simple sentence Part B Guidelines: Make sure that the added idea is logically related to the idea in the original sentence; that and, but, or, or a semicolon has been used correctly to connect the main clauses; and that a comma has been used before each conjunction ■ PAGE 32 Part A complex—Although firefighters hurried to the factory, the fire did great damage compound—Janet is my sister; she is also my best friend simple—Monarch butterflies migrate to Mexico in the fall complex—Red is the best color for Anita’s shoes because it matches her dress compound—Everyone guessed the number of jelly beans, but nobody gave the right answer complex—Michelle collects rocks that she keeps in a box simple—All but one of the stars of the movie agreed to an interview complex—When the bell rings, the students change classes compound—Robin may have warned Leslie, or Leslie may have come to his senses 10 complex—The house, which was painted green, has a large picture window Part B Guidelines: Make sure that the replacement clause in each sentence functions in the same way as the original subordinate clause functioned Possible answers: Jay says that he didn’t think about his answer Cherries, which are plentiful this year, are always sweet The children swam because the weather was hot How you work calculus problems is a mystery to me Although Laurette does not speak French, she enjoyed her trip to Montreal ■ PAGE 33 Part A that Matt wore, skates that she can win, games who work hard, Children which cost fifty dollars, skateboard whose father was our second president, John Quincy Adams from which she could see great distances, mountaintop Part B Guidelines: Make sure that each response is a complex sentence with an adjective clause and includes the given phrase ■ PAGE 34 Part A when he has an evening Scout meeting—eats whenever he sees a bee—runs Since you forgot your ruler—will lend wherever there is a sale—shops because he was different—feared When the storm ended—saw whenever it was used—erased after we saw the movie—went since I was a little girl—have jumped 10 If you want a new pet—visit Part B Guidelines: Make sure that each response is a complex sentence with an adverb clause and includes the given phrase Writer’s Choice: Grammar Enrichment, Grade 57 Answers ■ PAGE 35 ■ PAGE 38 Part A wherever he was hiding, object of preposition whichever practiced the most, predicate noun whomever we elect class president, direct object How the magic trick works, subject what caused the accident, direct object why the timer stopped, predicate noun whatever was on the menu, direct object Whoever wants lunch, subject Part A Answers are shown as follows: infinitive or infinitive phrase, use to chirp noisily, direct object to mail this letter, direct object To finish all this work on time, subject to swagger into a town, direct object to visit Spain, direct object To walk around the park, subject to crawl up the stairs, direct object to show off for visitors, direct object To draw an accurate map, subject 10 To err, subject ■ PAGE 36 Part A Answers are shown as follows: participle or participial phrase; use of participle—word modified riding a wave; adjective—surfer alerted by her beeper; adjective—doctor decorating; part of verb phrase writing; part of verb phrase awarded by the judges; adjective—medal lying; part of verb phrase lying on the bench; adjective—tools waiting; part of verb phrase Threatened by the floodwaters; adjective—people 10 rolling on the catnip plant; adjective—cat Part B Answers are shown as follows: present participle; past participle Student’s sentences should follow instructions painting; painted stopping; stopped ■ PAGE 37 Part A Worrying, gerund; keeping, main verb Noticing, participle used as adjective; watching, gerund falling, participle used as adjective; clogging, main verb directing, participle used as adjective; building, gerund Plowing, gerund; beginning, gerund Shopping, gerund; wearing, main verb Part B Guidelines: Make sure that each response is a complete sentence that includes the required form 58 Writer’s Choice: Grammar Enrichment, Grade Part B Guidelines: Make sure that each response is a complete sentence that uses the assigned infinitive as a subject in the first sentence and as an object in the second ■ PAGE 39 Part A are have is have like makes decide float burn 10 puts Part B Guidelines: Make sure that all the sentences are complete and coherent and that the verb agrees in number with the subject (according to how the subject is used) ■ PAGE 4O Part A Answers are shown as follows: simple subject—correct verb sailors—drill kinds—are books—Have admission—Is author—speaks Smog—causes advertisements—are buttons—glitter Part B Guidelines: Make sure that the sentences include the phrases in italics and that subjects and verbs agree ■ PAGE 41 Part A Answers are shown as follows: simple subject—correct verb Congress—is “Goldilocks and the Three Bears”—is binoculars—Are Anything—costs None—is Several—need class—have Twenty-five cents—is Some—tell 10 Neither—likes Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Part B Guidelines: Make sure that the paragraph sticks to the topic and has the elements requested The noun clauses should be underlined twice, and the other clause underlined once Answers Part B Guidelines: Make sure that every response is a complete sentence that uses the given phrase as the subject and that the verb agrees ■ PAGE 42 Part A accept its into beside lay teach bring loose among 10 They’re Part B Guidelines: Make sure student understands the meaning of each of the troublesome words he or she chooses ■ PAGE 43 Part A Mr Lopez asked, “When we celebrate the birthday of Martin Luther King Jr.?” “I hope that I am elected treasurer,” said Clarice, “so that I can help this organization save money.” “Most big cities grew because they were close to water or railroads,” explained Ms Bailey “For example, St Louis grew because of its proximity to the Mississippi River.” The speaker said that John Muir, the famous conservationist, moved to the Sierras as a young man “We will use our new computer program to create a newsletter,” said Ali Aunt Alana and Uncle Martin helped Father plant a garden this spring President John Q Adams was the son of the second president, John Adams Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Part B Guidelines: Student must include and capitalize the salutation, closing, teachers’ names, relative’s title, and the word I ■ PAGE 44 Part A It is believed that years ago people could walk from Asia to North America across the area that is now the Bering Strait My American history teacher comes from the Midwest The northeast winds bring cold air from Canada The Prescott Building is located downtown on Central Avenue The starship Enterprise travels far beyond the Milky Way Mr Clinton was the candidate of the Democratic Party At the German restaurant, I ordered sausage and sauerkraut The Wall Street Journal is a business newspaper that is read all over the United States Part B Guidelines: Make sure each sentence contains at least one name of a local place of interest, capitalized correctly ■ PAGE 45 Part A period, declarative question mark, interrogative period, imperative exclamation point, exclamatory period, imperative question mark, interrogative question mark, interrogative period, declarative exclamation point, interjection 10 period, imperative Part B Guidelines: Make sure student has written the given sentence with the appropriate end mark ■ PAGE 46 Part A Answers are shown as follows: word preceding comma, shelf, Natalia, crocus, spring, Okay, Spring, now, Ling, college, studying, swimming, riding, guitar, guitar, 10 No, Part B The Reynolds house, the oldest structure in the city, has been turned into a restaurant The menu includes seafood, steaks, and pasta Yes, I would like to go there with you, Jon The sun, believe it or not, is shining in the middle of February On the way to the beach, we sang old songs Getting on the bus, I dropped my books ■ PAGE 47 Part A Answers are shown as follows: word preceding comma, rings, today, tonight, procedure, looked, vacation, correct numerous, leak, 10 game, Part B Wherever the fertilizer had been applied, the grass was green and thick correct Chicago used to be the second-biggest city in the United States, but now Los Angeles has taken its place Whenever some people walk past a graveyard, they whistle for good luck While I don’t believe in superstitions, I think they are interesting Writer’s Choice: Grammar Enrichment, Grade 59 Answers ■ PAGE 48 ■ PAGE 50 Part A correct Linda moved here from Sacramento, California, in June 1991 Robin moved here that year, too Unlike tulips, impatiens are annual flowers The address of the company is 415 Monterey Rd., Smallville, OH 44121 “We will rent a bus,” Mr Nath said, “if enough students sign up for the trip.” On July 20, 1969, Neil Armstrong became the first person to walk on the moon In spite of warnings of bad weather, the small boat set sail at dusk Part A Joanie thinks that the poem “Annabelle Lee” is too sad Mark asked, “How did you like the movie Fantasia?” “The Martian spaceship now has landed in New Jersey,” the announcer said solemnly “Run for your lives!” shrieked the terrified bystander “The spaceship is exploding!” “That show was fantastic!” Ryan exclaimed “Are you attending the dance concert next week?” asked Ms Chang The book The Wizard of Oz was made into a movie in 1939 The song “Over the Rainbow” was written for that film “The Phoenicians,” reported Raul, “traveled all over the Mediterranean area.” 10 The chapter where we discover the culprit is called “The End of the Line.” ■ PAGE 49 Part A Mai planted these flowers in her garden: petunias, begonias, and marigolds The school band marched, played popular songs, and danced; the crowd clapped, cheered, and gave them a standing ovation correct The players scrambled for the loose ball; the football had taken a strange bounce Part B Answers should use terms such as the following or these Possible answers: People like to take part in these activities at Huntington Beach Park: biking, swimming, and picnicking To complete the test, you will need the following items: a pencil, a protractor, and a ruler Part C The Arctic fox stores food for the winter; it refrigerates its food on the permanent ice The Arctic fox’s fur has two color phases during the winter; mostly it is pure white, but sometimes it is smoky blue to gray Part B Guidelines: Make sure the sentences include direct quotations and are punctuated correctly ■ PAGE 51 Part A Possible answers: My great-aunt is my grandmother’s sister Isn’t it almost time for the Simpsons’ visit? correct Reduce the engines to one-quarter speed I read twenty-five books over the summer Part B Mrs Riojas’s recipe is delicious The engines’ roars drowned out your voice This was Chris’s idea The male moose’s antlers were impressive Part C Did you know that pandas—I like my stuffed one— are related to raccoons? Jonie studies paleontology (a branch of science that examines geological periods through fossil remains) ■ PAGE 52 Part A Sen FBI Mon Ave Part B six o’clock Twenty-four thousand 90 first 250 million 60 Writer’s Choice: Grammar Enrichment, Grade St., AZ M.D 10 386 39 fifty-five 750 2:30 P.M P.M ml Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Part B Guidelines: Make sure letter includes types of details outlined and that correct punctuation has been used ... Writer’s Choice: Grammar Enrichment, Grade 7, Unit 10 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc _ Grammar Enrichment Name Class Date 10 .7 8... Writer’s Choice: Grammar Enrichment, Grade 7, Unit 11 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc _ Grammar Enrichment Name Class Date 11.6 7 Reflexive,... _ Writer’s Choice: Grammar Enrichment, Grade 7, Unit Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc The creatures that live on this planet are peaceful _ Grammar Enrichment Name