Writers choice grammar enrichment grade 10

Grammar and Composition Grammar Enrichment Grade 10 Glencoe/McGraw-Hill Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc All rights reserved Permission is granted to reproduce material contained herein on the condition that such material be reproduced only for classroom use; and be provided to students, teachers, and families without charge; and be used solely in conjunction with Writer’s Choice Any other reproduction, for use or sale, is prohibited without written permission of the publisher Printed in the United States of America Send all inquiries to: Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 8787 Orion Place Columbus, Ohio 43240 ISBN 0-07-823335-6 Grammar Enrichment 079 05 04 03 02 01 ii Contents Unit 10 Parts of Speech 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.6 10.7–8 Unit 11 Parts of the Sentence 11.1–4 11.5 11.5 11.5 Unit 12 Complex and Compound-Complex Sentences 18 Adjective Clauses 19 Adverb Clauses 20 Noun Clauses 21 Four Kinds of Sentences 22 Sentence Fragments 23 Run-on Sentences 24 Verb Tenses and Voice 15.2–3 15.5 15.6 Unit 16 Prepositional Phrases 13 Appositives and Appositive Phrases 14 Participles and Participial Phrases 15 Gerunds and Gerund Phrases 16 Infinitives and Infinitive Phrases 17 Clauses and Sentence Structure 13.4 13.5 13.6 13.7 13.8 13.9 13.10 Unit 15 Subjects and Predicates Direct and Indirect Objects 10 Object Complements 11 Subject Complements 12 Phrases 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.3 12.3 Unit 13 Nouns Pronouns ActionVerbs Linking Verbs Adjectives Adverbs Prepositions Conjunctions and Interjections Regular/Irregular Verbs and Verb Tenses 25 Progressive and Emphatic Forms 26 Compatibility of Tenses 27 Subject-Verb Agreement 16.2–3 16.4–6 Agreement with Linking Verbs and in Inverted Sentences 28 Agreement with Special Subjects 29 iii Contents Unit 17 Using Pronouns Correctly 17.1 17.2 17.4 17.5 17.6 Unit 18 Using Modifiers Correctly 18.1–2 18.3–5 18.7 Unit 20 iv Capitalization of Sentences 38 Capitalizing Proper Nouns and Adjectives 39 Punctuation, Abbreviations, and Numbers 21.1–3 21.4 21.5 21.6 21.6 21.6 21.6 21.6 21.7–8 21.9 21.10 21.11 21.14 Answer Key Degrees of Comparison 35 Comparisons 36 Misplaced and Dangling Modifiers 37 Capitalization 20.1 20.2–3 Unit 21 Case of Personal Pronouns 30 Pronouns with and as Appositives 31 Who and Whom in Questions and Subordinate Clauses 32 Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement 33 Clear Pronoun Reference 34 End Punctuation 40 The Colon 41 The Semicolon 42 Commas with Coordinate Adjectives 43 Commas and Compound Sentences 44 Commas with Parenthetical Expressions and Conjunctive Adverbs 45 Commas and Direct Address 46 Misuse of Commas 47 Dashes and Parentheses 48 Quotation Marks 49 Italics (Underlining) 50 The Apostrophe 51 Numbers and Numerals 52 53 Grammar Enrichment Name Class Date 10.1 Nouns ■ A Identifying Nouns List each noun in the following sentences For each noun you list, write all of the following terms that apply: concrete, abstract, singular, plural, possessive, proper, common, collective Agatha Christie was a famous mystery writer Her two most popular detectives are Hercule Poirot and Jane Marple In Murder on the Orient Express, a group of people commit the crime The suspense in Christie’s novels often depends upon her clever plots Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc ■ B Using Nouns Write a sentence that includes each kind of noun listed You may use the nouns in any order you wish possessive, concrete, abstract _ singular, plural, proper, collective _ common, proper, plural, abstract _ collective, concrete, singular, possessive Writer’s Choice: Grammar Enrichment, Grade 10, Unit 10 Grammar Enrichment Name Class Date 10.2 Pronouns ■ A Using and Identifying Pronouns Complete each sentence with an appropriate pronoun In the blank following the sentence, identify the pronoun you used as personal, possessive, reflexive, intensive, demonstrative, interrogative, relative, or indefinite The only thing we have to fear is fear of Steven Spielberg’s movies you like best? Harry cut while he was shaving Is Dr Sakamoto’s office? Juanita completed her report, was about animal rights, in less than a week Sally and Ken asked me to go with to the party All applicants for the job must provide own transportation I really like those deviled eggs May I have ? will volunteer to head the committee? 10 Students wish to participate in extracurricular sports must have a physical examination Write a short paragraph about a job or career you find interesting You might wish to include some questions you would like to ask someone about the job Use pronouns appropriately Then identify the antecedent of each pronoun in your paragraph Writer’s Choice: Grammar Enrichment, Grade 10, Unit 10 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc ■ B Using Pronouns and Identifying Antecedents Grammar Enrichment Name Class Date 10.3 Action Verbs ■ A Identifying Action Verbs Underline the action verb in each sentence Then write whether the verb is transitive or intransitive in the space provided Charlie “Bird” Parker played alto sax Louis “Satchmo” Armstrong originated “scat.” John Coltrane mastered the tenor sax Keith Jarrett plays with technical perfection Thelonius Monk composed in the field of bop ■ B Using Action Verbs Write an original sentence using a transitive action verb Write an original sentence using an intransitive action verb Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc ■ C Understanding Action Verbs Write two or three sentences explaining the difference between transitive action verbs and intransitive action verbs to a class of fifth graders Writer’s Choice: Grammar Enrichment, Grade 10, Unit 10 Grammar Enrichment Name Class Date 10.3 Linking Verbs ■ A Identifying Linking Verbs Underline the linking verb in each sentence Many people today are smokers Some smokers often seem inconsiderate of nonsmokers Nonsmokers sometimes feel victimized The nicotine in cigarette smoke is addictive Many smokers become trapped ■ B Using Auxiliary Verbs Write two original sentences using forms of the verb be as part of a verb phrase ■ C Understanding Verbs Write two or three sentences explaining the use of linking verbs to someone who is just learning to speak English Writer’s Choice: Grammar Enrichment, Grade 10, Unit 10 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Write three original sentences using helping verbs other than a form of be as part of a verb phrase Grammar Enrichment Name Class Date 10.4 Adjectives ■ A Identifying Adjectives List each adjective in the following sentences After each adjective you list, write in parentheses the word it modifies Do not include articles Terri was the youngest and tallest student in her class How proud I am of your performance! Many exotic plants were scattered about the hotel’s lobby The unruly audience was struck speechless by the mayor’s sudden announcement A dozen taxis, yellow, green, and red, waited outside the Japanese embassy ■ B Using Adjectives Write six brief sentences of your own In each sentence use the kind of adjective named in parentheses Circle that adjective (possessive pronoun) _ Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc (possessive noun) _ (proper) _ (superlative degree) (positive degree) (comparative degree) _ ■ C Understanding Adjectives Explain why possessive nouns and pronouns may also be thought of as adjectives If you were writing a grammar book, how would you classify these words? Why? Writer’s Choice: Grammar Enrichment, Grade 10, Unit 10 Grammar Enrichment Name Class Date 10.5 Adverbs ■ A Identifying Adverbs Adverbs can express time, place, degree, manner, and negativity List each adverb in the following sentences After each adverb you list, write the word or phrase it modifies Tell whether the word modified is a verb, an adjective, or an adverb Then write time, place, degree, manner, or negativity to indicate what idea the adverb expresses Sally Hightower exercises more strenuously than anyone else I know Ten degrees below zero is too cold for me I will apply for that job tomorrow Ralph cannot find his keys anywhere We hardly ever watch television The weather was very hot today Shirley Tsai plays the piano amazingly well for her age ■ B Using Adverbs Write three sentences using each of the following adverbs Make each sentence identical except for the position of the adverb Then tell whether changing the position of the adverb changes the meaning of the sentence and, if so, how (sometimes) (only) _ Writer’s Choice: Grammar Enrichment, Grade 10, Unit 10 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Aren’t the prom decorations just fabulous? Grammar Enrichment Name Class Date 21.6 Commas and Direct Address ■ A Using Commas with Direct Address Write correct after each of the following sentences in which the comma or commas are used correctly If any commas should be omitted, circle them Do you have an appointment, Sir? Did, Enrique, say he would be here at two o’clock? Oh, Martha, I cannot bear to repeat the story again Harry, please meet me at Burger Heaven tomorrow afternoon I am no longer speaking to, Chandra Remember, Ms Coleman, that I appreciate your encouragement Mrs Motley, will call a special meeting of the student council Don’t forget, Julian, to support my campaign Listen to me, young man 10 Ayisha, why didn’t you tell me what was going on? ■ B Understanding Direct Address Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc You are tutoring a sixth-grade student who is having trouble understanding direct address Write an explanation of direct address for this student Use at least two example sentences to illustrate your explanation 46 Writer’s Choice: Grammar Enrichment, Grade 10, Unit 21 Grammar Enrichment Name Class Date 21.6 Misuse of Commas ■ Using Commas Correctly Rewrite each of the following sentences, correcting the errors in comma usage In the middle of the nineteenth century, nonconformity was more widely practiced, but less widely tolerated than it is today Henry David Thoreau, carried the theory of nonconformity to an extreme Thoreau’s nonconformity earned him, certain penalties and rewards The penalties were, condescension from his friends and lack of respect for the masterpiece, Walden Thoreau cautioned his readers, that they cannot kill time without injuring eternity Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc What everyone knows about Thoreau, is that he lived in a simple, unpretentious cabin by the side of Walden Pond He lived in that cabin for more than two years, it was only a mile from his family in Concord Thoreau also resisted what he thought, were unfair forms of taxation, and took an active interest in abolition He contracted tuberculosis at thirty-seven, and died seven years later 10 By living a simpler life Thoreau hoped to show people, that things are less important than wisdom, contentment, or leisure Writer’s Choice: Grammar Enrichment, Grade 10, Unit 21 47 Grammar Enrichment Name Class Date 21.7–8 Dashes and Parentheses ■ A Choosing Between Dashes and Parentheses Above each underlined phrase in the following sentences, write whether the words should be set off with dashes or parentheses Emily Dickinson 1830-1886 was born in Amherst, Massachusetts a small college town Dickinson seldom left her home she was very fond of solitude and had little contact with the outside world Biographies not surprisingly give little information about her personal life Someone who was probably not an admirer of Dickinson’s once observed that all of her poems could be set to the tune of “The Yellow Rose of Texas” not exactly a compliment Dickinson is considered along with Walt Whitman one of the two great American poets of her century ■ B Parentheses with Other Marks of Punctuation Rewrite each of the following sentences, adding the appropriate punctuation mark in the correct place Emily Dickinson was a prolific poet (Was there something strange about her life) Dickinson did not title her poems (most are known by their first lines) and she often wrote on scraps of paper, which she kept in her bureau drawers Dickinson used unusual punctuation (her poems are filled with dashes) many editors (even in recent years) have produced versions of her work with dashes omitted Thomas H Johnson worked with original manuscripts and put together what is now the definitive edition of Dickinson’s poetry: The Poems of Emily Dickinson (1955) Johnson also edited her letters (They are often eloquent and sometimes very amusing) 48 Writer’s Choice: Grammar Enrichment, Grade 10, Unit 21 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Grammar Enrichment Name Class Date 21.9 Quotation Marks ■ A Using Quotation Marks with Other Marks of Punctuation Rewrite the following sentences, adding quotation marks and other marks of punctuation where they belong How you have changed exclaimed Melissa when she ran into Ted at the mall John chose to read T S Eliot’s poem The Love Song of J Alfred Prufrock but he did not understand it Yesterday Sara asked me Do you believe there is life on other planets Don’t you just love that new song by the Environmentalists, Take It Away? Hamlet contains the famous line To be or not to be it is one of Shakespeare’s most memorable quotes Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc ■ B Writing Sentences with Quotation Marks Use the following sets of punctuation marks in your own well-written sentences (quotation marks and a comma) _ (quotation marks and a semicolon) _ (quotation marks with a question mark inside) (quotation marks with a question mark outside) _ (quotation marks and an exclamation point) Writer’s Choice: Grammar Enrichment, Grade 10, Unit 21 49 Grammar Enrichment Name Class Date 21.10 Italics (Underlining) ■ A Using Italics In the following sentences, underline any words that should appear in italics in a printed work Casablanca is many people’s favorite film During her speech, Millicent made a serious faux pas Mary Jane often uses the word hopefully incorrectly Back in the 1940s there was a joke that went like this: Dad: Son, there are just two words I’d like you to eliminate from your vocabulary One is lousy and the other is swell Son: OK, Dad, what are the two words? Adios and hasta la vista are both ways of saying “good-by” in Spanish Mom and Dad like Reader’s Digest, but I prefer Discover magazine Have you ever read Profiles in Courage, the book by John F Kennedy? Charles Lindbergh made a historic flight in the Spirit of St Louis The opera Porgy and Bess was written by George Gershwin 10 Peau de soie is a silk or satin fabric with a fine ribbed surface, often used in formal dresses 11 I had never heard the expression carpe diem until I saw the movie Dead Poets Society 12 You must be careful to cross every t and dot every i 13 I have always had trouble understanding the difference between affect and effect 15 Romeo and Juliet contains the line “A rose by any other name would smell as sweet.” Is this true? 16 Cheers was a very popular television series 17 Do you know who wrote Gone with the Wind? 18 The new restaurant advertises gourmet food ■ B Writing with Italics The words below are usually not italicized Used in certain contexts, however, they would need to be Write four sentences, each using one of the words in a way that requires it to be italicized (You may invent titles, if you wish.) Underline words that should be in italics in your sentences a cool Missouri salesman Barbara Hemingway rush scrooge 50 Writer’s Choice: Grammar Enrichment, Grade 10, Unit 21 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc 14 Starry Night is my favorite painting by van Gogh Grammar Enrichment Name Class Date 21.11 The Apostrophe ■ A Using Apostrophes Add apostrophes to the following sentences where they are needed If a sentence contains no errors, write correct Manuel received two weeks pay for his temporary work at Discount World Manuel wouldnt tell me about his employers benefits Someones been giving false reports about his or her annual income The mens restroom and the womens restroom were recently switched The Joneses house was recently destroyed by fire Several students essays were disqualified Toms and Eddies essays were difficult for the teacher to evaluate Mary and Daves house was located in a fashionable neighborhood Her brother-in-laws interference was objectionable to Angela 10 The shows ability to attract viewers was appreciated by its producers 11 Sams lack of math abilities shouldnt prevent him from getting a job in the companys warehouse 12 The editor in chiefs job is to find authors whose books will appeal to consumers interests 13 Anyones tax return may be audited by the governments Internal Revenue Service 14 All citizens rights are secure only when each individuals rights are secure 15 The Smiths purchase three dollars worth of lottery tickets every week Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc ■ B Writing Sentences with Apostrophes Use an apostrophe in each of the sentences that you write according to the following guidelines (Use a plural noun ending in -s.) _ (Use a compound noun.) _ (Use an expression of time or money.) _ (Use a noun that does not end in -s.) (Use a singular noun ending in -s.) Writer’s Choice: Grammar Enrichment, Grade 10, Unit 21 51 Grammar Enrichment Name Class Date 21.14 Using Numbers and Numerals ■ Using Numbers and Numerals Rewrite the following sentences, making any necessary changes in the use of numbers and numerals If a sentence contains no errors, write correct The earth is 93,000,000 miles from the sun My sister’s college address is Sixteen Lotus Drive, Austin, Texas She wrote me a check for $32.48 Griselda confines her reading to novels written in the 19th century December the seventh, 1941, according to Franklin D Roosevelt, was a day that would “live in infamy.” I had only 57 cents in my wallet The 1980s might be called the age of the “yuppie”; what you think the 90s will be called? They traveled around the world on a 70-foot yacht 10 The three friends met for breakfast every Friday at seven o’clock A.M 52 Writer’s Choice: Grammar Enrichment, Grade 10, Unit 21 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Only thirty-two percent of the student body voted to change the date of the prom Grammar Enrichment Answer Key ■ PAGE ■ PAGE Part A Agatha Christie—concrete, singular, proper; writer— concrete, singular, common detectives—concrete, plural, common; Hercule Poirot—concrete, singular, proper; Jane Marple—concrete, singular, proper Murder on the Orient Express—concrete, singular, proper; group—concrete, plural, common, collective; people—concrete, plural, common; crime—abstract, singular, common suspense—abstract, singular, common; Christie’s— concrete, singular, possessive, proper; novels—concrete, plural, common; plots—plural, common Part A Answers are shown as follows: adjective (word modified) youngest (student), tallest (student), her (class) proud (I), your (performance) Many (plants), exotic (plants), hotel’s (lobby) unruly (audience), speechless (audience), mayor’s (announcement), sudden (announcement) dozen (taxis), yellow (taxis), green (taxis), red (taxis), Japanese (embassy) Part B Guidelines: Make sure student includes each kind of noun listed ■ PAGE Part A Possible answers: itself—intensive Which—interrogative himself—reflexive this—demonstrative which—relative 10 them—personal their—possessive another—indefinite Who—interrogative who—relative ■ PAGE Copyright © by Glencoe/McGraw-Hill plays—intransitive composed—intransitive Parts B–C Guidelines: Verify that student uses the kinds of verbs indicated in each section and shows an understanding of the difference between transitive and intransitive action verbs ■ PAGE Part A are seem feel Part C Guidelines: Answers should include the idea that possessive nouns and pronouns act partly as nouns and pronouns and partly as modifiers Opinions and reasons will vary ■ PAGE Part B Guidelines: Be sure student uses a variety of pronouns and identifies the antecedent of each one Part A played—transitive originated—transitive mastered—transitive Part B Guidelines: Be sure student uses the adjective forms indicated is become Parts B–C Guidelines: Make sure student uses the kinds of verbs indicated and shows an understanding of the use of auxiliary verbs as parts of verb phrases Part A Answers are shown as follows: adverb, word modified, part of speech of word modified, idea that adverb expresses more, strenuously, adverb, degree; strenuously, exercises, verb, manner too, cold, adjective, degree tomorrow, will apply, verb, time not, can find, verb, negativity; anywhere, can find, verb, place hardly, ever, adverb, negativity; ever, watch, verb, time very, hot, adjective, degree; today, was,verb, time amazingly, well, adverb, degree; well, plays, verb, manner n’t, are, verb, negativity; just, fabulous, adjective, degree Part B Guidelines: Sentences with sometimes will probably not change in meaning; sentences with only probably will vary ■ PAGE Part A Words that may be prepositions: for, in, of, with, along, on, down, up, off; words that may not he prepositions: nothing, cannot, some, never, will, do, sometimes Part B Guidelines: Be sure student correctly uses a variety of prepositional phrases Part C In what country was Columbus horn? At what are you staring? To whom were you talking? Ending a sentence with a preposition is something up with which I will not put Opinions will vary Writer’s Choice: Grammar Enrichment, Grade 10 53 Grammar Enrichment ■ PAGE ■ PAGE 11 Part A Possible answers: Both Meiko and James are ready for the canoe trip Sally would like to become either an accountant or a lawyer Good health depends on either physical or mental wellness Freshmen and sophomores can join the debating team Part A Answers are shown as follows: object complement Part C Guidelines: Make sure student uses and punctuates interjections correctly ■ PAGE Part A Answers are shown as follows: simple subject; simple predicate; a slash separating the complete subject and complete predicate Isaac Newton; sat, read; Newton/often books, curiosity; gave, raised; curiosity/gave inventions, discoveries; have had; discoveries/have laws; are; are/three (You); Give; /Give Part B Guidelines: Be sure student correctly includes the items in parentheses ■ PAGE 10 Part A Answers are shown as follows: direct object(s)/indirect object(s) fame, respect/team excitement/fans medals/him place/Tom Seaver Sentences will vary Part B Possible answers: I wrote my Kenyan pen pal a letter My grandmother baked me and my twin sister a fancy birthday cake The president promised the flood victims relief The mayor has given the renewal project her full support The band director gave José Rivera the Most Improved Player award The candidate made the voters many promises Fifty state legislators pledged the amendment their support Bob bought his girlfriend a dozen red roses 54 Writer’s Choice: Grammar Enrichment, Grade 10 delicious wrong Cicely helpless action 10 diversion Part B Guidelines: Student should write logical sentences that include the items indicated ■ PAGE 12 Part A Answers are shown as follows: subject complement (pred nomin or pred adj.) eyesore (pred nomin.) awkward (pred adj.) debaters (pred nomin.) tall, handsome (pred adj.) sweet (pred adj.) athletes, scholars (pred nomin.) Sentences will vary Part B Guidelines: Be sure student has correctly used the items indicated ■ PAGE 13 Part A Answers are shown as follows: prepositional phrase (function), word modified (function) for help (adverb), handy (adjective); in spelling (adjective), help (noun) for me (adverb), Luckily (adverb) After the test (adverb), found (verb); of the words (adjective), several (pronoun); in my thesaurus (adverb), found (verb) with my performance (adverb), happy (adjective); on the test (adjective), performance (noun) of encyclopedias (adjective), set (noun); to students (adverb), helpful (adjective) of these three reference books (adjective), Which (pronoun); in your studies (adverb), valuable (adjective) Part B Guidelines: Make sure student uses at least three prepositional phrases Part C Guidelines: Student may find it difficult to write without prepositions Copyright © by Glencoe/McGraw-Hill Part B Guidelines: Student should write interesting, descriptive sentences that include the correct use of a variety of conjunctions blue issue hers president Sentences will vary Grammar Enrichment ■ PAGE 14 ■ PAGE 17 Part A Answers are shown as follows: appositive phrase—word or words it modifies a 6,000-foot mountain in the Black Hills of South Dakota—Mount Rushmore Washington, Jefferson, Lincoln, and Theodore Roosevelt—presidents the first president of the Unites States—Washington Young Lincoln—movie an amateur inventor—Jefferson; Monticello—home a vigorous man and a lover of the outdoors—Teddy Roosevelt Part A to fight—noun To err—noun to stay—adverb to be or not to be—noun to hold your hand—noun to come home—adjective to dedicate a portion of that field—adverb To spend one hour with you in our old rendezvous—noun to look at—adverb 10 to use your mind well—noun 11 To be prepared for war—noun 12 to watch over me—adjective 13 to become perfect—adverb 14 To live an unexamined life—noun 15 to stay healthy—adverb Part B Guidelines: Make sure information and sentence structure are correct ■ PAGE 15 Part A Answers are shown as follows: participle or participial phrase (past or present), word or phrase modified located in Oxford, Ohio (past), Miami University Founded in 1809 (past), Miami enchanting (present), beauty including all freshmen (present), students residing off campus (present), students Known as “the cradle of coaches” (past), Miami Part B Guidelines: Make sure student uses at least the minimum number of participles Copyright © by Glencoe/McGraw-Hill ■ PAGE 16 Part A abolishing slavery—DO his speaking—DO Lecturing about his own experiences—S publishing his autobiography in 1845—PN Knowing that his autobiography would identify him as a runaway slave—S buying his freedom—OP writing and speaking against slavery and segregation— IO recruiting African Americans for the Union Army—OP Discussing the problems of slavery with Abraham Lincoln—S 10 dying in 1895—OP Part B Guidelines: Make sure the gerund in each sentence functions in the manner specified Part B Guidelines: Make sure the infinitive in each sentence functions in the manner specified ■ PAGE 18 Part A Possible answers: Richard Wagner, who was a German composer, wrote Das Rheingold, Die Walküre, Siegfried, and Götterdämmerung, which are a cycle of operas known as The Ring The most popular operas of Giacomo Puccini, who was born in Italy in 1858 and died in Belgium in 1924, are La Bohème, Tosca, and Madama Butterfly The Italian opera composer Giuseppe Verdi, who lived from 1813 to 1901 and wrote Aïda, Rigoletto, La Traviata, and Il Trovatore, is one of the most prolific and popular opera composers of all time Peter Ilich Tchaikovsky wrote the opera Eugene Onegin, which is based on a long poem by the Russian poet Aleksandr Pushkin, but Tchaikovsky is better known for the Nutcracker ballet and the 1812 Overture Part B Guidelines: Student should write logical sentences that show an understanding of correct sentence structure ■ PAGE 19 Part A Guidelines: Be sure student begins adjective clauses with the words indicated and punctuates sentences correctly Part B Guidelines: Be sure that student punctuates restrictive and nonrestrictive clauses correctly Writer’s Choice: Grammar Enrichment, Grade 10 55 Grammar Enrichment ■ PAGE 20 ■ PAGE 24 Part A Guidelines: Student may place adverb clauses before or after the main clauses Part A Possible answer: As expected, Jane True won the election for mayor It was a landslide True is looking forward to taking office; she will so in March True hopes to keep her campaign promise of no new development in Hortonville, but the city’s problems may require additional taxation True’s supporters held a celebration rally at noon today in the city park; her opponents evaluated their losses The city council has promised to cooperate with the new mayor, and the school board is behind her 100 percent The library board will ask the mayor for additional funds They need more books Part B Guidelines: Be sure student’s sentences include clauses, not phrases, that answer the stated questions ■ PAGE 21 Part A Guidelines: Student’s noun clauses should be logical Be sure student correctly identifies the function of each noun clause Part B Guidelines: Be sure the clauses added in revision function as nouns ■ PAGE 22 ■ PAGE 25 10 declarative exclamatory exclamatory declarative declarative Part B Guidelines: Be sure student uses all four kinds of sentences and uses correct end punctuation Part C Guidelines: Check students’ answers for logical sentence structure and correct end punctuation ■ PAGE 23 Part A Items 1, 3, 6, and are sentences Possible answers: Two hospitals are bidding for a cancer hotline Progress on Russia’s first golf course is considerably below par A tax-cut plan is up for a vote Bungees are not to bounce at state fair Scientists are unsure of the fossil’s origin 10 The computer virus is dead on arrival Part B Guidelines: Be sure student does not leave any information out of the paragraph Possible answer: Seven candidates will file for the primary election on May Five Democrats, two Republicans, and two independent candidates must meet the legal requirements, or their names will not appear on the ballot Each must have one thousand signatures on a petition Jane True, the leading candidate, is campaigning on a “no new development” platform Her opponents, including Harry Overprice, owner of Hortonville Used Cars, are promoting progress Overprice is also promoting tax breaks for business Mudslinging has been a factor in the campaign 56 Writer’s Choice: Grammar Enrichment, Grade 10 Part A gave given drank drunk grew Part B 10 grown spoke spoken knew known present present past past future Part C Guidelines: Student should write a coherent paragraph that, if necessary, includes verbs in addition to those listed ■ PAGE 26 Part A has been playing—prog does play—emph did work—emph will be graduating— prog Part B Possible verb forms are shown has been wanting; does want was going; did go has been telling; did tell is showing; does show Part C has or have been freezing had been helping will have been flying do, does, or did study ■ PAGE 27 Part A Compatible verb forms are shown correct went out, rented or go out, rent studied, ate or studies, will eat correct had asked, went or will have asked, goes is planting, is blowing or planted, blew goes, unplugs or went, unplugged arrives, is cheering; arrives, will be cheering; or arrived, was cheering Copyright © by Glencoe/McGraw-Hill Part A interrogative declarative exclamatory imperative interrogative Part B Guidelines: Student should explain the correct use of conjunctions, commas, and semicolons Answers should not contain any sentence fragments or run-on sentences Grammar Enrichment Part B Guidelines: Make sure that the student’s new verb tenses are compatible with the verb forms provided ■ PAGE 28 Part A Answers are shown as follows: subject—verb objections—are cake—looks words—come 10 thousands—lie people—Do 11 object—appears candidates—seem 12 roses—smell clowns—come 13 meal—is speaker—sounds 14 plans—are scheme—was 15 you—have campaign—Has Part B Guidelines: Make sure subjects and verbs agree ■ PAGE 29 Part A agree Neither the president nor his opponents have a strong platform Two thousand dollars is too much to pay for a sofa Two years have passed since I last heard from you agree agree agree Every student, coach, and teacher joins the applause agree 10 Sports Illustrated is my favorite magazine Part B Guidelines: Make sure student writes sentences with different types of agreement problems Copyright © by Glencoe/McGraw-Hill ■ PAGE 30 (3) (4) (5) (6) (8) (10) “It’s I,” said Marlowe “My wife and I have a problem,” said the caller “What’s your name?” asked Marlowe “Just between you and me, my name She and her brother aren’t getting along.” Ella blames her brother, but he denies taking anything and insists he doesn’t know what she’s talking about.” (12) “Ella and I are the only ones besides Egbert.” (13) “How about inviting my secretary and me Our being there .” (14) “We three will see you at eight.” ■ PAGE 31 Guidelines: Sentences 5, 7, and are correct Student’s new sentences should share the structure and pronoun case of the original sentence Mom, Dad, and I her and me Ted, Umeko, and I us German students We new student Dr Paladino and he council members 10 we sophomores ■ PAGE 32 Part A Who Who Who Who Who 10 Whom whom whom whom Whom 11 12 13 14 15 whom whom Whom who whom Part B Guidelines: Make sure student uses the correct form in each case ■ PAGE 33 Part A correct Picasso, Monet, and Renoir have many of their works exhibited there correct We attended an exhibit where we saw many famous works of art Anyone who visits Paris must use his or her time wisely or People who visit Paris must use their time wisely Part B Possible answers: All employees must park their cars in the company lot Employees who miss three consecutive days of work will have their vacation reduced Any employee who does not report to work on the day before or after a holiday will not receive holiday pay Any employee responsible for child care may not allow his or her children to come to the store after school All employees of Video Village are expected to their fair share ■ PAGE 34 Possible answers: Emilio was one of fourteen homeless children the Johnsons adopted In some countries people not have freedom of speech Ruth’s position as president of the student council and the honor society makes her conceited The Weston High School band’s performance in the Rose Parade will be the highlight of the year After the room was cleaned, the sofa looked more attractive Shirley knew Keiko had a good chance of making the swim team, and she told her so When prescribing medicine, a doctor must fit the dosage to the patient Jamake’s outstanding academic performance was the reason for his award Harold’s failure to study for the test was the reason he did not pass 10 During the Great Depression people had to be careful with their money Writer’s Choice: Grammar Enrichment, Grade 10 57 Grammar Enrichment Part A silliest hottest, hotter most convincing farther littlest less late, later, latest well, better Part B Tom’s grades are usually better than Maggie’s, but Maggie did better on the math exam I felt ill when I got up this morning, and now I feel worse Who you think is more likely to be elected class president, Roseanne or Tom? Alvin performed badly at the recital, but Theodore’s performance was the worst Dan and Dianna slept late, but their daughter Laura slept even later ■ PAGE 36 Part A better fastest lovelier best broader Part B Words added to complete comparisons appear in boldface Henry Fumiko participates in more school activities than any other student Is the homework in English harder than the homework in biology? When the baseball team plays on the road, it gets more applause from its dugout than from the crowd Josie Martinez scored higher than anyone else who took the national Spanish test Randy likes pizza better than Linda likes pizza (or than Linda does.) Part C good, well bad, badly badly, bad good, well bad, bad ■ PAGE 37 Part A Possible answers: Sitting on the porch last night, we found the fireworks display impressive Florida locations, with their warm temperatures, attract many retired persons The ringing telephone made no impression on Miranda, who was engrossed in a book Many people in financial trouble seek counseling As the stranger approached, James fled in his car, leaving no doubt about his intentions Sentence is correct Anticipating the weekend, we wished for time to pass more quickly Growing even more excited, Lorne was surprised by the party in his honor Becoming hungrier by the minute, the students waited impatiently for the principal 58 Writer’s Choice: Grammar Enrichment, Grade 10 Part B Sam is the only person in his group who has a bachelor’s degree in psychology Sam does not have any other degree in psychology Psychology is the only subject in which Sam has a bachelor’s degree Mary is the only person in her group who noticed the storm Mary noticed nothing but the approaching storm ■ PAGE 38 Part A Guidelines: Sentences and are correct Where’s totally she The she Save Part B Guidelines: Student should write logical sentences that correctly include the items indicated ■ PAGE 39 Words with corrected capitalization are bracketed 1111 [West] 146th [Street] Cleveland, [Ohio] 44100 March 3, 2001 Dear [Aunt] Margaret, For our class trip this year, we went to Washington, D.C., during the Thanksgiving [Day] break Did you know that no building in [Washington] may be more than ten stories tall so everyone can see the Washington [Monument] from anywhere in the [city]? You know how I enjoy the [fine] [arts], so I was thrilled when we went to the National [Gallery] I especially liked the [Impressionists] I bought a print of Monet’s Rouen [Cathedral] in the [gift] shop Our group also spent an afternoon at the [Library] of [Congress] I think we saw the original manuscript of the [Declaration] of Independence—or maybe it was the [Constitution] Our [world] history teacher and our English teacher have conspired to get us to read [Shakespearean] plays Right now we are in the middle of [Julius] Caesar I hope you liked the [Washingtonian] souvenir I sent you Your [niece], Mary Louise ■ PAGE 40 Part A ? or ! ? ! ? Part B Guidelines: Sentences for 1, 2, and should end with periods, sentences for with a question mark, and sentences for with an exclamation point Copyright © by Glencoe/McGraw-Hill ■ PAGE 35 Grammar Enrichment ■ PAGE 41 ■ PAGE 45 Part A Guidelines: Colons should be used in items 1, 4, 6, 7, 8, and 10 Colons should not be used in items 2, 3, 5, and Part A Corrected commas are bracketed The Clarmont Hilltoppers have won another game By the way, they’re 15–0 However[,] they have not yet played an opponent worthy of their abilities Nevertheless, they are on their way to the state tournament, and they are getting a lot of publicity In fact, the entire team will be featured on Sports Report on Friday night on Channel After all[,] the Hilltoppers are still the only undefeated team in the state Coach Winowski[,] however[,] fears the Butler Bulldogs from upstate The Bulldogs have the state’s leading scorer in Johnny Johnson Part B Guidelines: Make sure colons immediately follow the main clause in sentence and as follows in sentence ■ PAGE 42 Part A Corrected punctuation is bracketed Sentences 2, 5, and are correct publicity[,] breakfast[;] lunch[;] talented[;] Part B Guidelines: Make sure each sentence contains at least two main clauses Part A Necessary commas are shown following the words that precede them correct intelligent, wide, correct hot, wet, rusty, correct long, rigorous, 10 long, cold, Part B Guidelines: Make sure each student inserts commas between adjectives of equal weight ■ PAGE 44 Copyright © by Glencoe/McGraw-Hill ■ PAGE 46 Part A Words listed precede commas that should be omitted ■ PAGE 43 Part B Guidelines: Student should use a comma before as well as after each conjunctive adverb, except when it is preceded by a semicolon Part A Corrected punctuation is bracketed Possible answers: tacos[,] correct—The main clauses are short, and there is no possibility for confusion proofreader[,] familiar[,] park[,] correct—The sentence is not compound opened[,] day[,] Part B Guidelines: Make sure the second sentence is short and is clear without a comma correct Did; Enrique correct correct to correct Motley correct correct 10 correct Part B Guidelines: Explanation should include the ideas that words of direct address name the person being spoken to and are set off by commas ■ PAGE 47 Corrections are bracketed practiced [comma deleted] but Thoreau [comma deleted] carried him [comma deleted] certain were [comma deleted] condescension masterpiece [comma deleted] Walden readers [comma deleted] that Thoreau [comma deleted] is years[;] it thought [comma deleted] were taxation [comma deleted] and thirty-seven [comma deleted] and 10 people [comma deleted] that ■ PAGE 48 Part A parentheses, parentheses or a dash dashes dashes parentheses, a dash parentheses Writer’s Choice: Grammar Enrichment, Grade 10 59 Grammar Enrichment ■ PAGE 49 Part A “How you have changed!” exclaimed Melissa when she ran into Ted at the mall John chose to read T S Eliot’s poem “The Love Song of J Alfred Prufrock,” but he did not understand it Yesterday Sara asked me, “Do you believe there is life on other planets?” Don’t you just love that new song by the Environmentalists, “Take It Away”? Hamlet contains the famous line “To be or not to be”; It is one of Shakespeare’s most memorable quotes Part B Guidelines: The comma in sentence should be inside the quotation marks The semicolon in sentence should be outside the quotation marks Sentence must contain a direct question Sentence should be an interrogative sentence that contains a quotation that is not a question ■ PAGE 50 Part A Casablanca faux pas hopefully lousy, swell Adios, hasta la vista Reader’s Digest, Discover Profiles in Courage Spirit of St Louis Porgy and Bess 60 10 Peau de soie 11 carpe diem, Dead Poets Society 12 t, i 13 affect, effect 14 Starry Night 15 Romeo and Juliet 16 Cheers 17 Gone with the Wind 18 no italics Writer’s Choice: Grammar Enrichment, Grade 10 Part B Guidelines: Words might be used in the following ways: a—word as word Barbara—Shaw’s play Major Barbara; daytime drama Santa Barbara; all or part of name of a book, ship, or plane cool—word as word Hemingway—biography title Missouri—ship, play, film rush—film title or the rock group’s first album salesman—Miller’s play Death of a Salesman scrooge—word as word; title of a film, book, play ■ PAGE 51 Part A weeks’ 10 show’s wouldn’t, employer’s 11 Sam’s, shouldn’t, Someone’s company’s men’s, women’s 12 editor in chief ’s, Joneses’ consumers’ students’ 13 Anyone’s, government’s Tom’s, Eddie’s 14 citizens’, individual’s Dave’s 15 dollars’ brother-in-law’s [or brother-in-laws’] Part B Guidelines: Be sure student distinguishes between words that are merely plural and words that are possessive ■ PAGE 52 The earth is 93 million miles from the sun My sister’s college address is 16 Lotus Drive, Austin, Texas correct Griselda confines her reading to novels written in the nineteenth century December 7, 1941, according to Franklin D Roosevelt, was a day that would “live in infamy.” Only 32 percent of the student body voted to change the date of the prom I had only fifty-seven cents in my wallet The 1980s might be called the age of the “yuppie”; what you think the nineties will be called? They traveled around the world on a seventy-foot yacht 10 The three friends met for breakfast every Friday at seven o’clock or The three friends met for breakfast every Friday at 7:00 a.m Copyright © by Glencoe/McGraw-Hill Part B Emily Dickinson was a prolific poet (Was there something strange about her life?) Dickinson did not title her poems (most are known by their first lines), and she often wrote on scraps of paper, which she kept in her bureau drawers Dickinson used unusual punctuation (her poems are filled with dashes); many editors (even in recent years) have produced versions of her work with dashes omitted Thomas H Johnson worked with original manuscripts and put together what is now the definitive edition of Dickinson’s poetry: The Poems of Emily Dickinson (1955) Johnson also edited her letters (They are often eloquent and sometimes very amusing.) ... Orion Place Columbus, Ohio 43240 ISBN 0-0 7-8 2333 5-6 Grammar Enrichment 079 05 04 03 02 01 ii Contents Unit 10 Parts of Speech 10. 1 10. 2 10. 3 10. 3 10. 4 10. 5 10. 6 10. 7–8 Unit 11 Parts of the Sentence... were writing a grammar book, how would you classify these words? Why? Writer’s Choice: Grammar Enrichment, Grade 10, Unit 10 Grammar Enrichment Name Class Date 10. 5 Adverbs... Writer’s Choice: Grammar Enrichment, Grade 10, Unit 10 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Aren’t the prom decorations just fabulous? Grammar Enrichment Name Class Date 10. 6