Grammar and Composition Grammar Reteaching Grade 10 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc All rights reserved Permission is granted to reproduce material contained herein on the condition that such material be reproduced only for classroom use; and be provided to students, teachers, and families without charge; and be used solely in conjunction with Writer’s Choice Any other reproduction, for use or sale,is prohibited without written permission of the publisher Printed in the United States of America Send all inquiries to: Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 8787 Orion Place Columbus, Ohio 43240 ISBN 0-07-823370-4 079 04 03 02 01 00 ii Contents Unit 10 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.6 10.7 Unit 11 11.2 11.5 11.5 11.5 Unit 12 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.3 12.3 Unit 13 13.2 13.5 13.6 13.7 13.8 13.9 13.10 Unit 15 15.1 15.4 15.7 Parts of Speech Common Nouns Indefinite Pronouns Action Verbs Linking Verbs Adjectives Adverbs Prepositions Conjunctive Adverbs Parts of the Sentence Complete Subjects and Complete Predicates Indirect Objects 10 Object Complements 11 Subject Complements 12 Phrases Prepositional Phrases 13 Appositives and Appositive Phrases 14 Participles and Participial Phrases 15 Gerunds and Gerund Phrases 16 Infinitives and Infinitive Phrases 17 Clauses and Sentence Structure Subordinate Clauses 18 Adjective Clauses 19 Adverb Clauses 20 Noun Clauses 21 Imperative and Exclamatory Sentences 22 Sentence Fragments 23 Run-on Sentences 24 Verb Tenses and Voice Principal Parts of Verbs 25 Perfect Tenses 26 Voice of Verbs 27 iii Contents Unit 16 16.1 16.7 Unit 17 17.1 17.2 17.4 17.5 17.6 Unit 18 18.1 18.6 18.7 Unit 20 20.2 20.3 Unit 21 21.3 21.4 21.5 21.6 21.6 21.6 21.6 21.6 21.7 21.9 21.9–10 21.11 21.12 Subject-Verb Agreement Intervening Prepositional Phrases 28 Indefinite Pronouns as Subjects 29 Using Pronouns Correctly Case of Personal Pronouns 30 Pronouns with and as Appositives 31 Who and Whom in Subordinate Clauses 32 Agreement with Indefinite Pronouns 33 Clear Pronoun Reference 34 Using Modifiers Correctly The Three Degrees of Comparison 35 Double Negatives 36 Dangling Modifiers 37 Capitalization Capitalization of Proper Nouns 38 Capitalization of Proper Adjectives 39 Punctuation, Abbreviations, and Numbers Question Mark 40 Colons to Introduce Lists 41 Semicolons to Separate Main Clauses 42 Commas with Coordinate Adjectives 43 Commas and Compound Sentences 44 Commas and Nonessential Elements 45 Commas and Direct Address 46 Misuse of Commas 47 Dashes to Emphasize 48 Quotation Marks with Other Punctuation Marks 49 Quotation Marks and Italics (Underlining) 50 The Apostrophe 51 The Hyphen 52 Answers 53 iv Grammar Reteaching Name Class Date 10.1 Common Nouns Key Information A common noun is the general—not the particular—name of a person, place, thing, or idea The words student, shoe, flower, and courtesy are common nouns This exercise provides a way to identify common nouns Most common nouns have a plural form and can be immediately preceded by the Common nouns are not capitalized unless they begin a sentence Directions Two words are underlined in each of the following sentences Write the word or words that are used as common nouns That movie made me think movie I have planted a garden in my yard _ This invitation to a wedding arrived too late for us to go The automobile has greatly affected life in the twentieth century A family gathered around a campfire and listened to a story _ The capital of Canada is Ottawa _ A politician said that education must be our top priority This parking lot has very little space left _ A goose flew toward them Amanda has returned from a trip to India. 10 The local zoo sent researchers to Africa Writer’s Choice: Grammar Reteaching, Grade 10, Unit 10 Grammar Reteaching Name Class Date 10.2 Indefinite Pronouns Key Information An indefinite pronoun refers to a person, place, or thing in a general way Some indefinite pronouns are all, any, few, everybody, and some Many indefinite pronouns can also be used as adjectives This exercise provides a way to distinguish between an indefinite pronoun used as a pronoun and the same word used as an adjective Replace the word with the If the sentence remains grammatical, the word is an adjective If you cannot replace the word with the, it is probably an indefinite pronoun Directions For each of the following sentences, write indef pro on the line if the underlined word is used as an indefinite pronoun Write adj if the underlined word is used as an adjective Then rewrite the sentence labeled with adj to show that the underlined adjective can be replaced by the Some of the people liked the movie indef pro Some people are hard to please adj The people are hard to please Most of the audience had never heard bluegrass music. Most schools now offer computer courses. We must gather many plums if we want to make jelly _ Many of our neighbors traveled during August. If this restaurant is too crowded, we can find another. _ Teresa bought another tropical fish _ The jeweler discovered that one of his diamonds was missing A Farewell to Arms is one book I read this summer _ Few trees are as impressive as redwoods _ 10 A few of the people here are doctors Writer’s Choice: Grammar Reteaching, Grade 10, Unit 10 Grammar Reteaching Name Class Date 10.3 Action Verbs Key Information An action verb tells what someone or something does A transitive verb is an action verb that is followed by a word or words that answer the question what? or whom? This exercise provides a way to identify transitive verbs To decide whether a verb in a sentence is transitive, ask what? or whom? after the verb If an answer is given in the sentence, the verb is transitive Directions Rewrite each sentence to the end of the underlined verb Add what or whom and a question mark Then answer the question Finally, write transitive or intransitive Maya met her new boss The cat walked slowly Maya met whom? her new boss The cat walked what? no answer transitive intransitive Firefighters sprayed water onto the burning building _ The war veteran told many fascinating stories. _ The rookie pitcher strode to the mound _ Robert Fulton designed the first successful American steamboat The chemist poured the solution into a test tube I helped my aunt with the dishes _ Ginger read every night for two weeks. _ Emily Dickinson wrote many beautiful poems A helicopter carried the skiers to the mountain. 10 Verline saw an old friend at the mall Writer’s Choice: Grammar Reteaching, Grade 10, Unit 10 Grammar Reteaching Name Class Date 10.3 Linking Verbs Key Information A linking verb joins the subject of a sentence with a word that identifies or describes the subject The most common linking verb is be in all its forms: am, is, are, was, were, will be, has been, was being This exercise provides a way to decide whether a verb is a linking verb or an action verb A verb is usually a linking verb if you can replace it with a form of be The new sentence should have about the same meaning as the original If, however, you replace an action verb with a for m of be, the meaning of the sentence will change, and the sentence will probably be ungrammatical Directions One verb in each of the following sentences is underlined Write action on the line if the underlined verb is an action verb Write linking if the underlined verb is a linking verb Then rewrite each sentence that contains a linking verb, replacing the linking verb with an appropriate form of be My cousin owns a home in the suburbs This rug shampoo smells too sweet action linking This rug shampoo is too sweet Atlantic mackerel tastes good. That car remains in good condition. _ The doctor took her temperature. _ James Bond contacted his superiors in London. That cloud looks extremely dark _ In 1933 Frances Perkins became secretary of labor _ A python moved silently through the foliage. Dan feels pleased about the contest _ The tree house seems sturdy. _ 10 Jackie won the race in record time. Writer’s Choice: Grammar Reteaching, Grade 10, Unit 10 Grammar Reteaching Name Class Date 10.4 Adjectives Key Information An adjective is a word that modifies a noun by limiting its meaning pretty flowers many tractors great leaders these streets This exercise provides a way to identify adjectives Adjectives can answer questions about the nouns they modify Some of these questions begin with whose, how many, what kind of, or which Directions Each of the following sentences contains a blank that can be filled in with an adjective that answers the question following the sentence Rewrite each sentence, using your answer to the question in place of the blank The sign says that _ shirt is on sale Which shirt? The sign says that this shirt is on sale A/An _ car woke me up What kind of car? A noisy car woke me up Tyrone bought a/an _ computer What kind of computer? My mother and I painted _ room blue Whose room? _ Sue boarded a/an _ ship What kind of ship? A/An _ bird flew toward the river What kind of bird? _ Frank put _ stickers on his locker How many stickers? The actor rehearsed _ lines Whose lines? _ The _ judge wrote a detailed opinion What kind of judge? _ On a/an _ day last summer, I learned how to swim What kind of day? _ woman helped me find my way home Which woman? 10 Toshiko has _ birds How many birds? _ Writer’s Choice: Grammar Reteaching, Grade 10, Unit 10 Grammar Reteaching Name Class Date 10.5 Adverbs Key Information An adverb is a word that modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb A skydiver landed softly My pencil is too short The cat ran ver y quickly This exercise provides a method for identifying adverbs Adverbs answer questions about the words they modify Some of these questions begin with when, where, or how Directions Each of the following sentences contains a blank that can be filled in with an adverb that answers the question following the sentence Rewrite each sentence, using your answer to the question in place of the blank Maria ate breakfast _ How did Maria eat? Maria ate breakfast quickly Sam bought a video game _ When did Sam buy a video game? Sam bought a video game today The class _ decorated the hallways How did the class decorate the hallways? _ We saw a play _ When did we see a play? _ Sally should stay _ Where should Sally stay? A fox _ approached the chicken coop How did the fox approach the chicken coop? _ The lights of that car are _ bright How bright are the lights of that car? According to my sister, it rains _ in Seattle When does it rain in Seattle? The cake is baking _ slowly How slowly is the cake baking? The band I hoped to hear left town _ When did the band leave town? You should always drive _ How should you drive? 10 _ I received a repair bill from the mechanic When did I receive the repair bill? _ Writer’s Choice: Grammar Reteaching, Grade 10, Unit 10 Grammar Reteaching Name Class Date 21.6 Commas and Direct Address Key Information Use commas to set off words or names that are used in direct address Don’t be late, Fred This exercise provides a way to identify words or names used in direct address First, see whether the person to whom the sentence is directed is named in the sentence Second, see whether the sentence would be grammatically correct if you deleted that word or name The word or name should be set off by commas if it meets both of these requirements In the previous example the sentence is directed to Fred, and the name Fred can be deleted Directions In the following sentences each word that might require punctuation is underlined If the word is used in direct address, rewrite the sentence, inserting a comma or commas to set off the word Then show that your response is correct by indicating to whom the sentence is directed and rewriting the sentence without the word If the word is not used in direct address and the sentence therefore does not need a comma or commas, write correct Stay calm passengers while getting into the lifeboat Stay calm, passengers, while getting into the lifeboat passengers Stay calm while getting into the lifeboat Is Blake here today? correct May we go to the beach Mother? Evan is wearing a new pair of jeans _ Valerie don’t forget to call me later. Ahmed said that he enjoys exploring caves _ Please pay attention students Students should pay attention _ Sir may I help you? Mr Sanchez call your wife right away _ Mr Sanchez called his wife. 10 My cousin Sheila called today. 46 Writer’s Choice: Grammar Reteaching, Grade 10, Unit 21 Grammar Reteaching Name Class Date 21.6 Misuse of Commas Key Information A single comma should not be used between a subject and its verb An error will occur if a writer puts a comma after what seems to be— but is not—an introductory phrase or clause This exercise will help you avoid this error words to the right of the comma cannot stand alone, not use a comma If a comma sets off an introductory element, everything to the right of the comma should be able to stand as a complete sentence If the CORRECT: When I leave, the house will be empty INCORRECT: Whoever leaves, should lock the door Directions For each of the following sentences, write correct on the line if the comma sets off an introductory element Then write everything to the right of the comma as a complete sentence If the comma is used incorrectly, write incorrect and rewrite the sentence correctly Whenever I eat tamales, I ask for a jalapeno correct Whichever color you choose, will suit you incorrect will suit you I ask for a jalapeno Whichever color you choose If you wish, we will all go fishing _ Whether we go or not, is up to you _ What shocked us all, was David’s being voted class president _ In the rush to get to school, Barbara forgot her lunch money _ All I want to this summer, is read War and Peace While Rashid listened to a symphony, his sister wrote to her best friend Because Scott likes to read historical novels, we bought him The Three Musketeers Whoever leaves last, should turn off the lights. _ Wherever you put your keys last, is probably where they are now. 10 To paint with skill, requires years of study Writer’s Choice: Grammar Reteaching, Grade 10, Unit 21 47 Grammar Reteaching Name Class Date 21.7 Dashes to Emphasize Key Information A dash (—) serves to set off and emphasize supplemental information, but dashes can easily be overused This exercise provides a way to decide how to use dashes appropriately When you use dashes to emphasize information, see whether the information is “extra.” If it is, a sentence and its main idea will be clear to readers without the material that is set off by the dashes I called—three times—and never received an answer I called and never received an answer The second sentence has the same basic meaning as the first No crucial information has been lost Directions A dash or a pair of dashes appears in each of the following sentences If the dash or dashes are appropriate, rewrite the sentence without the set-off information The rewrite should have basically the same meaning as the original sentence If the set-off information is important, write important on the line Then rewrite the sentence to make it correct by deleting the dash or dashes The apple—red and juicy—was good The apple was good Give me the black book—from the third shelf important the third shelf Give me the black book from Please pick up that box—and put it in the garage You’ll have to buy gas—if you want to use my car Dorothy—impatient and tired—looked for a place to rest _ We are having the midterm—tomorrow instead of Friday—so you’d better study tonight The dog—jumping and barking—was happy to see its owner The ship—a real beauty—sailed into the harbor _ Please try to your best to arrive—before the concert begins _ Take a right at the light, and go straight—for two miles _ This is my grandfather’s desk—an antique _ 10 Buy some cheese—and crackers—when you go out later 48 Writer’s Choice: Grammar Reteaching, Grade 10, Unit 21 Grammar Reteaching Name Class Date 21.9 Quotation Marks with Other Punctuation Marks Key Information Sometimes a sentence ending with quotation marks needs a question mark or an exclamation point This exercise provides a method for deciding whether such punctuation goes inside or outside the quotation marks Look at only the material that is inside the quotation marks How would you punctuate it? If you would use a question mark or an exclamation point, write that mark of punctuation inside the quotation marks in the original sentence Otherwise write the punctuation mark outside the quotation marks in the original sentence Directions Each of the following sentences has no end punctuation (! or ?) To decide where to write the punctuation mark, write the material inside the quotation marks as a separate sentence If a question mark or an exclamation point is needed in your new sentence, rewrite the original sentence with that end punctuation inside the quotation marks If your new sentence requires only a period, rewrite the original sentence with the question mark or exclamation point outside the quotation marks Who said, “Time is money” Time is money Who said, “Time is money”? Did Leroy ask, “When are we leaving” When are we leaving? Did Leroy ask, “When are we leaving?” Finally I had to ask, “Are we there yet” _ How excited I was to hear, “You’re the winner” Sharon asked a good question:“Is there any hot sauce for the chips” _ Did that general say, “I shall return” _ The officer yelled, “Stop in the name of the law” _ While eating, Kathy mumbled, “Will you pass the mustard” Did you ask, “When we eat” _ Why did Rosa remark, “You really don’t want to see that movie” The captain exclaimed,“Beam me up” _ 10 What will Ms Follansbee say when we ask, “May we leave early” Writer’s Choice: Grammar Reteaching, Grade 10, Unit 10 49 Grammar Reteaching Name Class Date 21.9-10 Quotation Marks and Italics (Underlining) Key Information Italicize (underline) titles of books, newspapers, magazines, lengthy poems, plays, films and television series, paintings and sculptures, and long musical compositions Use quotation marks for titles of short stories, short poems, essays, articles, chapters, songs, and single episodes of a television series This exercise provides a way to determine whether you should use italics or quotation marks If the title refers to a part of a larger work, use quotation marks If the title refers to a lengthy or a major work, use italics An article, for example, is usually part of a magazine or newspaper The magazine or the newspaper itself is the larger or major work Directions A title appears in each of the following sentences If the title should be italicized, underline it If the title requires quotation marks, enclose the title within the marks If you use quotation marks, explain why you chose them Have you read the novel Huckleberry Finn? I just heard Bruce Springsteen’s song “Pink Cadillac.” Titles of songs are enclosed in quotation marks Michael Jackson’s Thriller is one of the biggest selling albums of all time _ My favorite old television series is I Love Lucy In yesterday’s newspaper there was an article entitled Dog Saves Child _ Have you read the latest issue of Newsweek? Last week I read The Black Cat and two other short stories One of my favorite movies is Dark Victory _ Sesame Street is a popular television show with most young children Edith Wharton’s novel The Age of Innocence was written in 1920 _ One chapter in our history book is entitled The Civil War _ 10 I Hear America Singing is the title of a short poem by Walt Whitman. 50 Writer’s Choice: Grammar Reteaching, Grade 10, Unit 10 Grammar Reteaching Name Class Date 21.11 The Apostrophe Key Information Use an apostrophe and -s to form the possessive of a singular noun An -s (without the apostrophe) is also added to nouns to indicate that they are plural, as in two kangaroos What you if you know a noun ends in -s, but you are not sure whether possession is involved? noun If possession is involved, you should be able to ask a whose question that is answered by the possessive noun This exercise provides a way to distinguish between a singular possessive noun and a plural Since Al’s is possessive, the apostrophe is required This is Al’s hat Whose hat? Al’s Directions A word is underlined in each of the following sentences If the word is possessive, show that the apostrophe is needed by writing a whose question Then write the answer to the question, adding an apostrophe before the -s If the underlined word does not require an apostrophe, write correct Where is Karens house? Six of the players are hurt Whose house? correct Karen’s We took some pictures of Rome during our vacation _ Nancys friend is eating with us tonight Earls mother is a pilot in the air force _ Suddenly the computers lights went out _ The mayors speech lasted an hour Several books in the library describe the Old West _ Elsas new baby weighs eight pounds This trains conductor happens to be my neighbor _ Several students have to rush to catch the bus home. 10 The bears cubs were frightened by the thunder Writer’s Choice: Grammar Reteaching, Grade 10, Unit 21 51 Grammar Reteaching Name Class Date 21.12 The Hyphen Key Information A hyphen is sometimes used to join a word with a prefix Not all prefixes require hyphens, however This exercise gives you a tip for identifying when to use a hyphen with the prefix anti- In words containing the prefix anti-, a hyphen is used to separate two successive i’s Without the hyphen, spelling or pronunciation problems could arise A hyphen is also used to separate the prefix anti- from a word that is capitalized antiproton anti-inflationary anti-Washington Directions Each of the following words contains the prefix anti- If a hyphen is needed to make the word correct, write the word with the hyphen in the space provided, and briefly state why the hyphen is needed If the word is spelled correctly, write correct antiinstructional antimissile anti-instructional correct A hyphen separates two i’s antiinstitutional _ antiurban antiFrench _ antihero _ antiBritish _ antiseptic antiideological antiAmerican _ antiimperialism _ 10 antiestablishment _ 52 Writer’s Choice: Grammar Reteaching, Grade 10, Unit 21 Answers ■ PAGE 1 10 garden; yard invitation automobile; century campfire; story capital politician; priority lot; space goose trip zoo ■ PAGE indef pro adj.; The schools now offer computer courses adj.; We must gather the plums if we want to make jelly indef pro indef pro adj.; Teresa bought the tropical fish indef pro adj.;A Farewell to Arms is the book I read this summer adj.; The trees are as impressive as redwoods 10 indef pro ■ PAGE Possible answers: Firefighters sprayed what? water; transitive The war veteran told what? many fascinating stories; transitive The rookie pitcher strode what? no answer; intransitive Robert Fulton designed what? the first successful American steamboat; transitive The chemist poured what? the solution; transitive I helped whom? my aunt; transitive Ginger read what? no answer; intransitive Emily Dickinson wrote what? many beautiful poems; transitive A helicopter carried whom? the skiers; transitive 10 Verline saw whom? an old friend; transitive ■ PAGE 4 10 linking; Atlantic mackerel is good linking; That car is in good condition action action linking; That cloud is extremely dark linking; In 1933 Frances Perkins was secretary of labor action linking; Dan is pleased about the contest linking; The tree house is sturdy action ■ PAGE Possible answers: Tyrone bought a new computer My mother and I painted my room blue Sue boarded an enormous ship A gray bird flew toward the river Frank put five stickers on his locker The actor rehearsed her lines The tired judge wrote a detailed opinion On a warm day last summer, I learned how to swim This woman helped me find my way home 10 Toshiko has twelve birds ■ PAGE Possible answers: The class quickly decorated the hallways We saw a play recently Sally should stay here A fix slyly approached the chicken coop The lights of that car are very, bright According to my sister, it rains frequently in Seattle The cake is baking extremely slowly The band I hoped to hear left town yesterday You should always drive carefully 10 Today I received a repair bill from the mechanic ■ PAGE Dwayne read a postcard from Haiti I my coat on the hook The bridge near your house needs repairs I trimmed the hedges behind the garage Did the driver of the truck return? That house on the hill has a fantastic view Pour the cake batter into the bowl Our aerobics class meets in the morning The radio in my room has excellent reception 10 Cindy lives across the street Writer’s Choice: Grammar Reteaching, Grade 10 53 Answers ■ PAGE Possible answers: However, the band will return in the fall Therefore, she rarely pays for car repairs Nevertheless, it went only ten yards Therefore, I have a case of indigestion Consequently, I have enrolled in a course in photography Furthermore, you must pay a fine Therefore, I need glasses Moreover, she set a new record Subsequently, Larry bought three more of that author’s books 10 Also, remember to call my aunt and uncle ■ PAGE 9 10 They are involved in space exploration They have been replaced by new ones It leaped over the fence and ran out of sight It disrupted my sleep She announced her new policy on education He [or She] wears earplugs during concerts He [or She] gave me an old hourglass She wrote a short story for a national magazine He [or She] went into the diner Can they see the screen? ■ PAGE 10 Possible answers: Finally the clerk gave the correct change to us Please send an invitation to Juanita A talented artist painted a beautiful picture for me Sharon told the good news to James Somebody left a note for [or to] Tom The rock star sent a signed photograph to an astonished fan We used to sing several special songs for [or to] our grandparents When Carrie turned thirty, Isaac sent a beautiful necklace to her Did you leave a tip for the waiter? 10 Last night Ana bought dinner for my wife and me ■ PAGE 11 The Supreme Court found the law to be unconstitutional We named you to be Aaron’s godfather The voters elected Pat to be mayor Expecting to laugh, the audience thought the clown to be too serious Some people consider Citizen Kane to be the best movie ever made We find this secluded beach to be relaxing While thousands watched,the judges declared Rachel to be the winner Jodi prefers her tea to be unsweetened Elena found my short story’s ending to be a complete surprise 10 Calvin considered himself to be a talented musician 54 Writer’s Choice: Grammar Reteaching, Grade 10 ■ PAGE 12 10 pred.nomin.; June bug = beetle dir obj.; we = / snacks pred nomin.; Minotaur = monster pred nomin.; horse = thoroughbred dir obj.; shopkeeper = / store pred nomin.;friend = conductor pred nomin.; Anita = president dir obj.; writer = / personal computer pred nomin.; trees = pines dir obj.; bear = / salmon ■ PAGE 13 Possible answers: adverb; Joe rode his bike after supper adjective adjective adverb; At midnight I usually close the store adverb; After breakfast we will leave adjective adverb; By the end of class,finish this exercise adverb; Do not stand under a tree during an electrical storm adjective 10 adverb; For one hundred years that old building has been empty ■ PAGE 14 appositive; Mexico City; The plane arrived on time at our final destination appositive; The huge animal; A black bear lumbered toward my car appositive; Moe; One of the Three Stooges was often hilarious appositive; 1945; My uncle was born in the year that World War II ended no appositive appositive; an abandoned vehicle; While driving to work, Rachel saw a red convertible with a flat tire appositive; The tulip; One kind of lily has lanceshaped leaves and a bell-shaped flower no appositive appositive; his boss; Gary called Ms Lopez to say he would be late 10 appositive; The opposing team; The Pirates managed to beat us in overtime Answers ■ PAGE 15 Possible answers: Surprised by the cost of the lettuce,the shopper counted his money The geese,flying high overhead, traveled northward Taking the day off,Sheriff Taylor went fishing Bothered by hundreds of birds, the water buffalo waded into the river Running noisily, our elevator moves slowly Swinging with force,the batter knocked the baseball out of the park Digging through her pockets, she found only two quarters The book, written by a famous author, sold well The taxi, accelerating swiftly, carried them away 10 This hat, designed to fit all sizes, can be worn by anyone ■ PAGE 16 10 gerund; My least favorite chore is it pres.part gerund; It is no problem if you drive a small car gerund; Do you enjoy it? pres.part pres.part gerund; It takes a great deal of time gerund; Fill the pot with enough water for it pres part gerund; Most young children relish it ■ PAGE 17 10 prep infinitive; will determine infinitive; will water infinitive; will send prep infinitive; will see prep infinitive; will run prep infinitive; will fly ■ PAGE 18 SUBORDINATE—If you can find the North Star MAIN—You should be able to find your way home MAIN—Hydrogen is the lightest o f all gases MAIN—It is the most abundant SUBORDINATE—Because my brakes made a peculiar sound MAIN—I took my car to the shop MAIN—Jerry tried to fix the leaking faucet MAIN—He just made it worse MAIN—The museum bought that portrait SUBORDINATE—which was painted by a famous French artist MAIN—My boss asked for the letter MAIN—I handed it to her SUBORDINATE—While Julius was walking to school MAIN—He found a silver dollar MAIN—Rita painted her room SUBORDINATE—because it looked dingy MAIN—Keep your rooster quiet MAIN—We will have to give it away 10 MAIN—I chose a lobster MAIN—The chef cooked it for me ■ PAGE 19 Mustard is a seasoning that I greatly enjoy My father threw away the mushrooms that he did not like Maria bought the r adio that she has wanted History is the subject that I like best William read us the story that he wrote Lucinda is the woman whom I called last week The Oregon Trail was a route that settlers used long ago The math test had a question that no one could answer I received a letter from the friend whom I have not seen in years 10 Lisa saw the girl whom she had met only yesterday ■ PAGE 20 Possible answers: George concentrates intently while he plays basketball Because the store closes early today, you should plan ahead Before you leave, please turn off the light When we are seventeen,can we vote? Charles turned off the headlights as he turned into his driveway Because she has a doctor’s appointment, Robin will be late Because we wanted to hear Cajun music, we went to the concert As soon as it is done, take the turkey out of the oven We can,if the bowling alley is crowded, go to a movie 10 Unless it rains, we will eat lunch outside ■ PAGE 21 noun cl.; It remains to be seen noun cl.; Luke knew it noun cl.; Somebody will win other cl other cl noun cl.; The police officer asked it noun cl.; The auctioneer will sell the painting to somebody other cl noun cl.; Her secretary knows it 10 noun cl.; Somebody can have some Writer’s Choice: Grammar Reteaching, Grade 10 55 Answers ■ PAGE 22 10 (You); imperative (You); imperative exclamatory (You); imperative (You); imperative exclamatory (You); imperative (You); imperative (You); imperative exclamatory ■ PAGE 23 Linda took a nap in her bedroom, which is on the second floor Yesterday I watched a sky diver, who happens to know your mother Claude read a play by William Shakespeare, who may be the most famous of all English writers We are studying the Constitution, which is the basis of our government Jennifer drove to her house, which is near Mount Larrabee Several movies are based on stories by Mark Twain, whose real name was Samuel Clemens I received a letter from Ms.Gomez, whom I met on vacation last summer Kenzo moved to North Carolina, which is more than a thousand miles from here Before boarding the plane, I called my mother, who was waiting at home 10 Gwen wants to see Glory, which is a movie about the Civil War ■ PAGE 24 Possible answers: Nick traveled in the car all day His back felt stiff Nick traveled in the car all day; his back felt stiff Carla went to the park.She carried a picnic basket Carla went to the park; she carried a picnic basket Bonita looked out the window She saw geese in the pond Bonita looked out the window, and she saw geese in the pond The halls are strangely quiet They are usually noisy The halls are strangely quiet;they are usually noisy We went to the movies We enjoyed the film We went to the movies, and we enjoyed the film Evander ran home quickly He wanted to tell his parents the good news Evander ran home quickly; he wanted to tell his parents the good news The furniture truck arrived The driver unloaded our new sofa The furniture truck arrived, and the driver unloaded our new sofa 56 Writer’s Choice: Grammar Reteaching, Grade 10 The wolf howled It made an eerie sound The wolf howled; it made an eerie sound Diane is determined to stay in shape.She exercises daily Diane is determined to stay in shape;she exercises daily 10 The walls of my room are light yellow The ceiling is white The walls of my room are light yellow, but the ceiling is white ■ PAGE 25 Possible answers: been; We have been to Europe flown; The birds have flown away gone; They have gone known; We have known about your birthday for some time frozen; The wind has frozen my nose swum; The athlete has swum the length o f the pool thrown; We have thrown the old carpet away broken; We have broken your mirror drawn; The students have drawn pictures 10 written; We have written our essays ■ PAGE 26 Possible answers: perfect main verb; We not possess enough money to buy tickets perfect main verb; Diana’s car possesses a flat tire main verb; Do you possess medicine for a cold? main verb; Take an apple perfect perfect main verb; You can take the car when I return 10 perfect ■ PAGE 27 10 Somebody slammed the door The Giants won the game The neighbors found your dogs A carpenter made this furniture My English class read an exciting book The gardener removed some old shrubs My father quickly prepared the lamb chops The students finally finished the project The cat chased a mouse A friend called Sara Answers ■ PAGE 28 10 are; The books are old seem; Several students seem sleepy is; One is about his life in the army are; Today the citizens are voting for a new mayor appear; The people appear to be moving were; Astronauts were having problems with a satellite have; Yolanda and the girl have finished the test has; Everybody has a new heating syst em was; The smell was pleasant is; The picture is unattractive ■ PAGE 29 10 was; Each one was good seems; Neither one seems nervous belongs; Neither one belongs to my sister is; Either one is fine with me is; Each one is in mint condition was;Each one was concerned about the ship’s fate has; Neither one has remembered to so seems; Each one seems far away is; Either one is within our budget is; I think either one is capable of doing a fine job ■ PAGE 30 10 me;A kingfisher flew past me I; I found a jade ring us; His praise thrilled us her; That letter is for her me; The clothes rack is too high for me he; Today he played softball us;A small dog barked at us them; That jacket does not fit them she; She marched in the parade she; Will she have some cereal? ■ PAGE 31 10 me; The senator chose me she; She scored the highest grades him; The crowd applauded him they; They are moving to Tucson him; Return the lawn mower to him she; She sang in the chorus me; Trophies were awarded to me we; We live on this block I; I have many books to shelve him; Our class elected him Who; Felix has some aunts They live in New Jersey Who; The teacher called on a student.She [or He] was asleep Who; The captain saved a passenger She [or He] had fallen overboard Whom; All employees should be nice to customers They meet them 10 Who; Our cat often visits the neighbor He [or She] lives behind us ■ PAGE 33 Possible answers: P; P; P P; P; P S; P; S; Each (S) of the insects in this jar is (S) smaller than it (S) used to be P; S;S; Both (P) of the deer have found (P) their (P) way home S; S; P; Almost everyone (S) ties (S) his or her (S) own shoelaces P; P; P P; P; S; Most (P) of the campers have lost (P) their (P) bearings P; P; S; Some (P) of the books have (P) marks on their (P) covers S; P; P; Nobody (S) on the football team is wearing (S) his (S) gear 10 P; P; P ■ PAGE 34 Possible answers: This disturbance upset my sister, who was studying for her law boards One of these elements is radioactive These planets are lifeless and cold This meal was delicious That mistake proved embarrassing That fact surprises no one who knows her Those stories pleased all who listened I wonder whether that difference bothers the Indian elephant This offer took me by surprise 10 Altogether these vehicles took up five spaces ■ PAGE 32 Who; Here is a child He [or She] loves to paint Who; We read a poem by Nikki Giovanni She is a native of Knoxville, Tennessee Whom; My cousin is a banker Everybody trusts her [or him] Who; Steve thanked the girls They helped him Whom; The lawyer saw the judge He [or She] admired her [or him] Writer’s Choice: Grammar Reteaching, Grade 10 57 Answers ■ PAGE 35 ■ PAGE 39 10 10 most unusual soft sillier leakiest bigger more outrageous busiest bluest greener most flamboyant ■ PAGE 36 Possible answers: Don’t (–);never (–); Don’t ever arrive late for a job interview cannot (–); correct don’t (–); none (–); I don’t have any hasn’t (–);no (–); Gary hasn’t received any money from his employer not (–); correct can’t (–); never (–);I can never stay up late on week–days don’t (–); no (–); We have no fresh strawberries doesn’t (–); no (–); Mick doesn’t get any satisfaction from watching television doesn’t (–); correct 10 didn’t (–);no (–); Jean didn’t see any monkeys at the zoo ■ PAGE 37 My wrist slipped on the ice.dangling modifier The gas tank traveled only on Sundays dangling modifier Everything jogged one morning dangling modifier Leslie worked all afternoon correct Spectacular fireworks celebrated the Fourth of July dangling modifier Spot wanted to be fed correct The view stood on the mountain.dangling modifier Mark swam far ahead of the others correct My joy had heard the good news.dangling modifier 10 We neared noon.dangling modifier ■ PAGE 38 10 58 his sister Mother your father Uncle Aunt My aunt Mother his grandmother Aunt your cousin Writer’s Choice: Grammar Reteaching, Grade 10 Russian (Russia) national Jeffersonian (Jefferson) African (Africa) Mexican (Mexico) county Shakespearean (Shakespeare) Martian (Mars) Japanese (Japan) federal ■ PAGE 40 10 period When; question mark Where; question mark period Are; question mark period period period How; question mark period ■ PAGE 41 Possible answers: incorrect; George discovered that he had forgotten these items: his books, money, and pen correct; The explorers needed several items correct; Our school has several history teachers incorrect; Remember to buy these products:soap, cleanser, toothpaste,and hair spray incorrect; The teacher called on these students: Kevin, Gary, Nadine, and Aileen correct; College students usually have to study these subjects incorrect; The carpenters brought the following: hammers,nails, and saws correct; Aunt Bea made her favorite desserts incorrect; Effective writers need to blow how to use these marks of punctuation: commas, quotation marks, and colons 10 correct; Remember to bring these items Answers ■ PAGE 42 incorrect; We won the race, which was held in Richmond, Virginia correct; Carthage was a city in North Africa It was destroyed in the Punic Wars correct; Cinnabar is a mineral It contains mercury incorrect; Peter, who was tending the sheep, decided to take a nap incorrect; While playing a video game, Penny set a record score correct; This box of crackers has been left open The crackers are still good,however incorrect; We visited the gasworks, where gas for heating is processed correct; I didn’t study hard enough Consequently, my test score was low incorrect; We gathered at the river in order to have a picnic 10 incorrect; Because we’ve had little rain this summer, we can’t water the lawn ■ PAGE 43 incorrect; The old sailor repaired his huge wooden boat incorrect; At the fair I ate a delicious German sausage incorrect; Harry spilled coffee on the clean white kitchen floor incorrect; Our city sponsors a huge annual fair ea ch spring correct; Slowly Darlene walked up the rocky, steep path correct; The gardener reached for a thick,sturdy vine incorrect; The ancient European city of Athens was once the center of Greek culture correct; The frightening, massive shape loomed in the distance correct; Bernice’s room has been done in tasteful, beautiful colors 10 correct; The workers loaded bulky, heavy suitcases into the cargo hold ■ PAGE 44 correct; The cave was dark We had forgotten to bring a flashlight correct; My paper is due on Monday I have chosen to write about censorship incorrect; Theseus was the legendary king of Athens and supposedly killed the Minotaur correct; My brother rode a train for the first time last week I’ve traveled by train several times correct; I know that a car is a big expense.I must have one correct; Roger went to see his dentist He had a toothache incorrect; The painter finally finished the portrait and sent it to a gallery in New York City incorrect; Kyoko is not sure whether she should open her own business or join the Peace Corps incorrect; We visited a coffee plantation in Jamaica and were able to buy some beans at a discount 10 incorrect; The child was tired but happy ■ PAGE 45 Mr Juliano is from Texas nonessential Mr Juliano, who works with me,is from Texas Grant spoke to the only mechanic who works on foreign cars essential I saw our principal’s wife nonessential While jogging, I saw our principal’s wife, who was walking her dog Alissa is my sister nonessential Alissa, who was elected to the honor society, is my sister Carl spoke to the only girl who lives on my block essential A salesperson who is rude will not be popular with customers.essential My English teacher asked us to write a short story nonessential My English teacher, who has written a book, asked us to write a short story Ms Yamada is studying accounting nonessential Ms Yamada, who drives my school bus, is studying accounting Anyone who works hard can achieve success essential 10 I had to call somebody who could help me with my homework.essential ■ PAGE 46 May we go to the beach, Mother? Mother May we go to the beach? correct Valerie, don’t forget to call me later Valerie Don’t forget to call me later correct Please pay attention, students students Please pay attention correct Sir, may I help you? Sir May I help you? Mr Sanchez,call your wife right away Mr Sanchez Call your wife right away correct 10 correct or My cousin,Sheila,called today Writer’s Choice: Grammar Reteaching, Grade 10 59 Answers ■ PAGE 47 ■ PAGE 50 correct; We will all go fishing incorrect; Whether we go or not is up to you incorrect; What shocked us all was David’s being voted class president correct; Barbara forgot her lunch money incorrect; All I want to this summer is read War and Peace correct; His sister wrote to her best friend correct; We bought him The Three Musketeers incorrect; Whoever leaves last should turn off the lights incorrect; Wherever you put your keys last is probably where they are now 10 incorrect; To paint with skill requires years of study Thriller I Love Lucy “Dog Saves Child”; Titles of articles are enclosed in quotation marks Newsweek “The Black Cat”; Short story titles are enclosed in quotation marks Dark Victory Sesame Street The Age of Innocence “The Civil War”; Titles of chapters of a book are enclosed in quotation marks 10 “I Hear America Singing”; Titles of short poems are enclosed in quotation marks ■ PAGE 48 ■ PAGE 51 (Note: Students may be able to defend alternative answers, given particular contexts.) important; Please pick up that box and put it in the garage important; You’ll have to buy gas if you want to use my car Dorothy looked for a place to rest important; We are having the midterm tomorrow instead of Friday, so you’d better study tonight The dog was happy to see its owner The ship sailed into the harbor important; Please try to your best to ar rive before the concert begins important; Take a right at the light,and go straight for two miles This is my grandfather’s desk 10 important; Buy some cheese and crackers when you go out later 10 ■ PAGE 49 Are we there yet? Finally I had to ask, “Are we there yet?” You’re the winner How excited I was to hear, “You’re the winner!” Is there any hot sauce for the chips? Sharon asked a good question:“Is there any hot sauce for the chips?” I shall return.Did that general say, “I shall return”? Stop in the name of the law! The officer yelled, “Stop in the name of the law!” Will you pass the mustard? While eating, Kathy mumbled, “Will you pass the mustard?” When we eat? Did you ask, “When we eat?” You really don’t want to see that movie “You really don’t want to see that movie”? Beam me up! The captain exclaimed,“Beam me up!” 10 May we leave early? What will Ms Follansbee say when we ask,“May we leave early?” 60 Writer’s Choice: Grammar Reteaching, Grade 10 correct Whose friend? Nancy’s Whose mother? Earl’s Whose lights? the computer’s Whose speech? The mayor’s correct Whose new baby? Elsa’s Whose conductor? This train’s correct Whose cubs? The bear’s ■ PAGE 52 10 anti-institutional; The hyphen separates two i’s correct anti-French; French is capitalized correct anti-British; British is capitalized correct anti-ideological; The hyphen separates two i’s anti-American; American is capitalized anti-imperialism; The hyphen separates two i’s correct ... Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 8787 Orion Place Columbus, Ohio 43240 ISBN 0-0 7-8 2337 0-4 079 04 03 02 01 00 ii Contents Unit 10 10.1 10. 2 10. 3 10. 3 10. 4 10. 5 10. 6 10. 7 Unit 11 11.2 11.5 11.5 11.5 Unit 12 12.1 12.2 12.3... has excellent reception 10 Cindy lives across the street Writer’s Choice: Grammar Reteaching, Grade 10, Unit 10 Grammar Reteaching Name Class Date 10. 7 Conjunctive Adverbs... 10 A few of the people here are doctors Writer’s Choice: Grammar Reteaching, Grade 10, Unit 10 Grammar Reteaching Name