Grammar and Composition Grammar Reteaching Grade Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc All rights reserved Permission is granted to reproduce material contained herein on the condition that such material be reproduced only for classroom use; and be provided to students, teachers, and families without charge; and be used solely in conjunction with Writer’s Choice Any other reproduction, for use or sale,is prohibited without written permission of the publisher Printed in the United States of America Send all inquiries to: Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 8787 Orion Place Columbus,Ohio 43240 ISBN 0-07-823296-1 079 04 03 02 01 00 ii Contents Unit 10 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.6 10.7 Unit 11 11.2 11.5 11.5 11.5 Unit 12 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.3 12.3 Unit 13 13.2 13.5 13.6 13.7 13.8 13.9 13.10 Unit 15 15.1 15.4 15.7 Parts of Speech Nouns .1 Indefinite Pronouns Action Verbs Linking Verbs Adjectives Adverbs Prepositions Conjunctive Adverbs Parts of the Sentence Complete Subjects and Complete Predicates Indirect Objects 10 Object Complements 11 Subject Complements 12 Phrases Prepositional Phrases 13 Appositives and Appositive Phrases 14 Participles and Participial Phrases 15 Gerunds and Gerund Phrases 16 Infinitives and Infinitive Phrases 17 Clauses and Sentence Structure Subordinate Clauses 18 Adjective Clauses 19 Adverb Clauses 20 Noun Clauses 21 Four Kinds of Sentences 22 Sentence Fragments 23 Run-on Sentences 24 Verb Tenses and Voice Principal Parts of Verbs 25 Perfect Tenses 26 Voice of Verbs 27 iii Contents Unit 16 16.1 16.7 Unit 17 17.1 17.2 17.4 17.5 17.6 Unit 18 18.1 18.6 18.7 Unit 20 20.2 20.3 Unit 21 21.3 21.4 21.5 21.6 21.6 21.6 21.6 21.6 21.7 21.9 21.10 21.11 21.12 Subject-Verb Agreement Intervening Prepositional Phrases 28 Indefinite Pronouns as Subjects 29 Using Pronouns Correctly Case of Personal Pronouns 30 Pronouns with and as Appositives 31 Who and Whom in Subordinate Clauses 32 Agreement with Indefinite Pronouns 33 Clear Pronoun Reference 34 Using Modifiers Correctly The Three Degrees of Comparison 35 Double Negatives 36 Dangling Modifiers 37 Capitalization Capitalization of Proper Nouns 38 Capitalization of Proper Adjectives 39 Punctuation, Abbreviations, and Numbers Question Mark 40 Colons to Introduce Lists 41 Semicolons to Separate Main Clauses 42 Commas and Compound Sentences 43 Commas and Coordinate Adjectives 44 Commas with Parenthetical Expressions and Conjunctive Adverbs 45 Commas and Direct Address 46 Misuse of Commas 47 Dashes to Emphasize 48 Quotation Marks 49 Italics 50 The Apostrophe 51 The Hyphen 52 Answers 53 iv Grammar Reteaching Name Class Date Unit 10.1 Nouns Key Information A common noun is the general—not the particular—name of a person, place, thing, or idea The words sock, car, truth, and paint are common nouns This exercise provides a way to identify common nouns Most common nouns can be immediately preceded by the Directions Next to each of the following words, write common noun if the word is a common noun Check your response by writing a sentence in which the precedes the common noun Write not common noun next to the word if the word is not a common noun table Italy common noun not common noun We sat at the table computer me _ Aunt Kate tree _ car _ noise _ Theodore bones _ whisper _ 10 us Writer’s Choice: Grammar Reteaching, Grade 9, Unit 10 Grammar Reteaching Name Class Date Unit 10.2 Indefinite Pronouns Key Information An indefinite pronoun refers to a person, place, or thing in a general way Some indefinite pronouns are other, several, few, nothing, and anyone Many indefinite pronouns can also be used as adjectives This exercise provides a way to distinguish between an indefinite pronoun used as a pronoun and the same word used as an adjective Replace the word with the If the sentence remains grammatical, the word is an adjective If you cannot replace the word with the, it is probably an indefinite pronoun Directions For each of the following sentences, write indef pro after the sentence if the underlined word is used as an indefinite pronoun Write adj if the underlined word is used as an adjective Then rewrite the sentence labeled with adj to show that the underlined adjective can be replaced by the All of you were on time All twenty students left indef pro adj The twenty students left Several of us enjoyed today’s lunch _ Several people in this room are too loud _ The teacher asked whether we wanted some information. The dog barked at the birds, and some flew away In my family both parents work. I need both of you to help me _ Carmen saw several animals, and many were unfamiliar to her _ The accountant heard many explanations of expenses One driver honked his horn impatiently _ 10 I want one! _ Writer’s Choice: Grammar Reteaching, Grade 9, Unit 10 Grammar Reteaching Name Class Date Unit 10.3 Action Verbs Key Information An action verb tells what someone or something does A transitive verb is an action verb that is followed by words that answer a question beginning with what or whom This exercise provides a way to recognize transitive verbs Rewrite the sentence as a question beginning with what or whom The answer to the question will be the words that follow the transitive verb in the original sentence Directions For each of the following sentences, write a question that begins with what or whom Then show that the underlined verb is transitive by answering the question The answer should be the words that follow the verb in the original sentence (Note that in the question, the verb form often changes.) John called his sister Whom did John call? His sister Vivian painted a beautiful picture What did Vivian paint? A beautiful picture We saw some friends My neighbor built a new fence. _ The doctor called the nurse _ The artist carved a wonderful sculpture. After driving for hours, we finally ate some food. _ He wore his best suit The cat opened the door. The mechanic fixed my car. The batter hit the ball. 10 The student, sure of the answer, raised her hand. _ Writer’s Choice: Grammar Reteaching, Grade 9, Unit 10 Grammar Reteaching Name Class Date Unit 10.3 Linking Verbs Key Information A linking verb joins the subject of a sentence with a word or expression that identifies or describes the subject The most common linking verb is be in all its forms: am, is, are, was, were, will be, has been, was being This exercise provides a way to decide whether a verb is a linking verb or an action verb A verb is usually a linking verb if you can replace it with a form of be The new sentence should have about the same meaning as the original If, however, you replace an action verb with a form of be, the meaning of the sentence will change, and the sentence will probably be ungrammatical Directions One verb in each of the following sentences is underlined Write action on the line if the underlined verb is an action verb Write linking if the underlined verb is a linking verb Then rewrite each sentence that contains a linking verb, replacing the verb with an appropriate form of be The rabbit hopped into the bushes action This sandpaper feels rough linking This sandpaper is rough Your room looks clean _ The pianist looked at the score. _ Those onions smell wonderful. _ Can you smell the roses? The crowd became very quiet. Kim grew some pumpkins in her yard. _ The audience grew restless This house seems familiar, but I have never been here before. _ Ken felt the rough bark of the tree. 10 The pitcher appears eager today Writer’s Choice: Grammar Reteaching, Grade 9, Unit 10 Grammar Reteaching Name Class Date Unit 10.4 Adjectives Key Information An adjective is a word that modifies a noun by limiting its meaning these pens my belts wide street one song This exercise provides a way to identify adjectives Adjectives can answer questions about the nouns they modify Some of these questions begin with whose, how many, or what kind of Directions Each of the following sentences contains a blank that can be filled in with an adjective that answers the question following the sentence Rewrite each sentence, using your answer to the question in place of the blank The bird has _ feathers What kind of feathers? The bird has beautiful feathers _ house is bigger than mine Whose house? Paul’s house is bigger than mine Victor is driving a/an _ car What kind of car? _ Yesterday _ dogs followed me home How many dogs? A/An _ crow is eating the corn What kind of crow? I left _ book at home Whose book? _ Barbara heard a/an _ noise outside her window What kind of noise? _ You may invite your _ friends to join us How many friends? _ _ father asked us to go fishing Whose father? _ Does _ teacher assign much homework? Whose teacher? _ Your house is extremely _ What kind of house? 10 I plan to read _ novels this summer How many novels? _ Writer’s Choice: Grammar Reteaching, Grade 9, Unit 10 Grammar Reteaching Name Class Date Unit 10.5 Adverbs Key Information An adverb is a word that modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb We arrived yesterday Ben went away The boy hungrily ate supper This exercise provides a method for identifying adverbs Adverbs answer questions about the words they modify Some of these questions begin with when, where, or how Directions Each of the following sentences contains a blank that can be filled in with an adverb that answers the question following the sentence Rewrite each sentence, using your answer to the question in place of the blank Terry sang a nice song _ When did Terry sing? Terry sang a nice song yesterday The mouse _ ran into a hole in the floor How did the mouse run? The mouse quickly ran into a hole in the floor Be sure to call me _ When should you call? _ A cow _ drank from the pond How did the cow drink? _ Suki _ picked up the exquisite vase How did Suki pick up the vase? We walked _ across the bridge How did we walk? Please stay _ while I go into the store Where should you stay? You might arrive at the hall _ When might you arrive at the hall? _ Tanya can sing more _ than I can How can Tanya sing? _ The plane is _ approaching How is the plane approaching? See whether you can visit me _ When can you visit me? _ 10 The fox ran _ across the field How did the fox run? Writer’s Choice: Grammar Reteaching, Grade 9, Unit 10 Grammar Reteaching Name Class Date Unit 21.6 Commas with Parenthetical Expressions and Conjunctive Adverbs Key Information Use commas to set off parenthetical expressions (such as for example) and conjunctive adverbs (such as therefore) This exercise provides a method for recognizing these items They can easily be moved elsewhere in a sentence (In the new position, a comma or commas will still be needed.) Directions A word or phrase is underlined in each of the following items Use commas to set off the underlined word or phrase if it is a parenthetical expression or a conjunctive adverb Show that your response is correct by rewriting the sentence with the underlined word or phrase in a new position If the underlined word or phrase does not require commas, write correct I like sports For instance I’m a hockey fan I succeed because I work hard I’m a hockey fan, for instance correct Sarah left early Hank on the other hand left late. _ Tyne loves animals She has consequently decided to become a zoologist. Please turn out the light since it is very late. _ The light has burned out As a result we cannot see Tim said he would attend the party Chris in contrast said he would not. We should hurry We are after all late. The prom is tomorrow I won’t go unless you go. _ The boat is crowded We can make room for one more person however These pears are ripe We should therefore eat them. _ 10 Maya likes Chinese food It is in fact her favorite food Writer’s Choice: Composition Practice, Grade 9, Unit 21 45 Grammar Reteaching Name Class Date Unit 21.6 Commas and Direct Address Key Information Use commas to set off words or names that are used in direct address Dave, are you listening? This exercise provides a way to identify words or names used in direct address First, see whether the person to whom the sentence is directed is named in the sentence Second, see whether the sentence would be grammatically correct if you deleted that word or name The word or name should be set off by commas if it meets both of these requirements In the previous example the sentence is directed to Dave, and the name Dave can be deleted Directions In the following sentences, each name that might require punctuation is underlined If the name is used in direct address, rewrite the sentence, inserting a comma or commas to set off the name Then show that your response is correct by rewriting the sentence without the name If the name is not used in direct address and the sentence therefore does not need a comma or commas, write correct Betty pick up the phone Betty wasn’t in class today Betty, pick up the phone correct Pick up the phone Henry please come here Try to be on time Yvonne _ The judges gave the award to Frank _ Howard don’t give up yet _ Contact me José when you arrive in New York Sara you left your notebook. _ Will you be here later Sandra? Brenda came over today and stayed for hours _ Alena write us a letter about your vacation _ 10 Alena wrote a lengthy letter _ 46 Writer’s Choice: Grammar Reteaching, Grade 9, Unit 21 Grammar Reteaching Name Class Date Unit 21.6 Misuse of Commas Key Information A single comma should not be used between a subject and its verb An error will occur if a writer puts a comma after what seems to be— but is not—an introductory phrase or clause This exercise provides a way to help you avoid this error If a comma sets off an introductory element, everything to the right of the comma should be able to stand as a complete sentence If the words to the right of the comma cannot stand alone, not use a comma CORRECT: When I wrote, the class watched INCORRECT: When you leave, is up to you In the first sentence the boldfaced section could stand alone as a complete sentence This is not true of the second sentence Directions For each of the following sentences, write correct on the line if the comma sets off an introductory element Then write everything to the right of the comma as a complete sentence If the comma is used incorrectly, write incorrect on the line Then rewrite the sentence to make it correct by eliminating the comma Whatever happens, don’t forget about me Whoever wishes, can go first correct incorrect Don’t forget about me Whoever wishes can go first Once Elijah learned the rules, he became an expert player _ After the governor gave her speech, the crowd applauded. What the acrobat did, was outstanding That you can like that music, amazes me. _ According to the people waiting in line, the rain was not welcome. _ To build a fire without matches, requires skill _ Where you spend your time, is none of my business. Whatever Susan put in the salad, was certainly delicious Because of the gathering storm, the captain changed course. 10 About two dollars in change, is all I have. _ Writer’s Choice: Grammar Reteaching, Grade 9, Unit 21 47 Grammar Reteaching Name Class Date Unit 21.7 Dashes to Emphasize Key Information A dash (—) serves to set off and emphasize supplemental information, but dashes can easily be overused This exercise provides a way to decide how to use dashes appropriately When you use dashes to emphasize information, see whether the information is “extra.” If it is extra, a sentence and its main idea will be clear to readers without the material that is set off by dashes A dog—a pretty one—barked A dog barked Although some information is lost, the second sentence has the same basic meaning as the first No crucial information has been lost Directions A dash or a pair of dashes appears in each of the following sentences If the dash or dashes are appropriate, rewrite the sentence without the set-off information The rewrite should have basically the same meaning as the original sentence If the set-off information is important, write important on the line Then rewrite the sentence to make it correct by deleting the dash or dashes The trophy—shiny and new—was awarded The trophy was awarded Push the button—with the gold star important Push the button with the gold star Please take Bobby—to the doctor. _ A sparrow—a small, delicate one—landed on the branch. The soldiers marched—for six hundred miles—wearing full backpacks. _ The poet read us his favorite poem—a ballad _ The hero—brave and bold—saved the townspeople See whether Theresa wants to go with us—on a vacation to London _ Finish the book—if you want to know how the story ends. _ The cat slept in the chair—obviously a favorite spot. Jerry—wearing his best clothes—arrived an hour late for the wedding _ 10 The coach—ready for a tough game—encouraged his team. 48 Writer’s Choice: Grammar Reteaching, Grade 9, Unit 21 Grammar Reteaching Name Class Date Unit 21.9 Quotation Marks Key Information Sometimes a sentence ending with quotation marks needs a question mark or an exclamation point This exercise provides a method for deciding whether such punctuation goes inside or outside the quotation marks Look at only the material that is inside the quotation marks How would you punctuate it? If you would use a question mark or an exclamation point, write that mark of punctuation inside the quotation marks in the original sentence Otherwise, write the punctuation mark outside the quotation marks in the original sentence Directions Each of the following sentences has no end punctuation (! or ?) To decide where to write the punctuation mark, write the material inside the quotation marks as a separate sentence If a question mark or exclamation point is needed in your new sentence, rewrite the original sentence with that end punctuation inside the quotation marks If your new sentence requires only a period, rewrite the original sentence with the question mark or exclamation point outside the quotation marks The officer yelled,”Stop him” Stop him! Who said, “I’m sick” I’m sick The officer yelled, “Stop him!” Who said, “I’m sick”? Who said,“Don’t forget lunch” _ A student asked,“May we go” The judge said, “Will you speak” Debbie exclaimed, “What a sky” Jeff bellowed, “Stop that” Why did Joan say, “I knew that” The student thought,“Is my essay clear” _ Kevin replied, “Why did you go” The girl shouted, “Watch out” 10 Who asked, “What is the answer” _ Writer’s Choice: Grammar Reteaching, Grade 9, Unit 21 49 Grammar Reteaching Name Class Date Unit 21.10 Italics Key Information Italicize (underline) titles of books, newspapers, magazines, lengthy poems, plays, films and television series, paintings and sculptures, and long musical compositions Use quotation marks for titles of short stories, short poems, essays, articles, chapters, songs, and single episodes of a television series This exercise provides a way to determine whether you should use italics or quotation marks If the title refers to a part of a larger work, use quotation marks If the title refers to a lengthy or a major work, use italics An article, for example, is usually part of a magazine or newspaper The magazine or the newspaper itself is the larger or major work Directions A title appears in each of the following sentences If the title should be italicized, underline it If the title requires quotation marks, enclose the title within the marks If you use quotation marks, explain why you chose them I read Melville’s novel Moby-Dick The class read “Emily Dickinson,” a short poem by Lucha Corpi Because “Emily Dickinson” is a short poem, its title needs quotation marks The name of this book is Cat’s Cradle _ My sister named her painting Midnight _ Incident is a short poem by Countee Cullen Please read The Storm, a short story by Kate Chopin _ Gary’s favorite song is Unforgettable The name of this album is Moonstruck. Read the article entitled The Road to Peace. _ We subscribe to the Daily Reporter _ The drama club is staging the play Romeo and Juliet _ 10 Have you seen the film The Wizard of Oz? 50 Writer’s Choice: Grammar Reteaching, Grade 9, Unit 21 Grammar Reteaching Name Class Date Unit 21.11 The Apostrophe Key Information Use an apostrophe and -s to form the possessive of a singular noun An -s (without the apostrophe) is also added to nouns to indicate that they are plural, as in four bats What you if you know a noun ends in -s, but you are not sure whether possession is involved? noun If possession is involved, you should be able to ask a whose question that is answered by the possessive noun This exercise provides a way to distinguish between a singular possessive noun and a plural Since Bill’s is possessive, the apostrophe is required I saw Bill’s friend Whose friend? Bill’s Directions A word is underlined in each of the following sentences If the word is possessive, show that the apostrophe is needed by writing a whose question Then write the answer to the question, adding an apostrophe before the -s If the underlined word does not require an apostrophe, write correct The class likes Hanks joke Both of these glasses are broken Whose joke? correct Hank’s Cindys dress looks just like mine _ The teachers met after school today _ Wilburs horse is behaving strangely _ Some of these pictures were taken in Atlanta. Do you want to go to Rustys house? _ Close both doors, please. Glynda saw two skirts that she liked Sams computer is broken. _ A bears cave is near here; be careful. _ 10 The bears appeared without warning. Writer’s Choice: Grammar Reteaching, Grade 9, Unit 21 51 Grammar Reteaching Name Class Date Unit 21.12 The Hyphen Key Information A hyphen is often used to join a word with a suffix or a prefix Not all prefixes and suffixes require hyphens, however This exercise gives you a tip for identifying when to use a hyphen with the prefix anti- In words containing the prefix anti-, a hyphen is used to separate two successive i’s Without the hyphen, spelling or pronunciation problems could arise A hyphen is also used to separate the prefix anti- from a word that is capitalized antimagnetic anti-inflammatory anti-Edwardian Directions Each of the following words contains the prefix anti- If a hyphen is needed to make the word correct, write the word with the hyphen in the space provided, and briefly state why the hyphen is needed If the word is spelled correctly, write correct antiindividual anti-individual A hyphen separates two i’s antimagnetic correct antiaircraft _ antiWashington _ antiimperialist antiintellectual _ antiincumbent antiutopian anticlimax _ antiAmerican _ antiinflationary _ 10 antitrust _ 52 Writer’s Choice: Grammar Reteaching, Grade 9, Unit 21 Answers ■ PAGE ■ PAGE Possible answers: common noun; The computer is broken not common noun not common noun common noun; Your cat is up the tree again common noun; The car is in the garage common noun; The noise is deafening in here! not common noun common noun; The bones of the dinosaur were carefully, removed common noun; The whisper I overheard included something about me 10 not common noun Possible answers: Victor is driving an old car Yesterday three dogs followed me home A hungry crow is eating the c orn I left my book at home Barbara heard a loud noise outside her window You may invite your two friends to join us Frank’s father asked us to go fishing Does your teacher assign much homework? Your house is extremely dirty 10 I plan to read four novels this summer ■ PAGE Possible answers: Be sure to call me later A cow slowly drank from the pond Suki cautiously picked up the exquisite vase We walked swiftly across the bridge Please stay here while I go into the store You might arrive at the hall today Tanya can sing more beautifully than I can The plane is quickly approaching See whether you can visit me earlier 10 The fox ran playfully across the field indef pro adj.; The people in this room are too loud adj.; The teacher asked whether we wanted the information indef pro adj.; In my family the parents work indef pro indef pro adj.; The accountant heard the explanations of expenses adj.; The driver honked his horn impatiently 10 indef pro ■ PAGE 3 10 Whom did we see? Some friends What did my neighbor build? A new fence Whom did the doctor call? The nurse What did the artist carve? A wonderful sculpture What did we finally eat? Some food What did he wear? His best suit What did the cat open? The door What did the mechanic fix? My car What did the batter hit? The ball What did the student raise? Her hand ■ PAGE 4 linking; Your room is clean action linking; Those onions are wonderful action linking; The crowd was very quiet action linking; The audience was restless linking; This house is familiar, but I have never been here before action 10 linking; The pitcher is eager today ■ PAGE ■ PAGE A pebble in my shoe hurts my foot Throw this jar into the trash The mall near the station is convenient The computer below the bookshelf is broken Please drop the paper into this basket The cat with the spots is mine A man from Nebraska called today A letter for you arrived today Wait until dark to show your videotapes 10 Many birds landed on top of our school ■ PAGE Possible answers: However, we have no plans You’ll consequently be on the honor roll We arrived on time, nevertheless Earlene therefore wrote back Nonetheless, it sounds fine It will be fixed soon, however Writer’s Choice: Grammar Reteaching, Grade 53 Answers Therefore, try to finish it soon He is also running a fever Similarly, Mari left early yesterday 10 You, thus, cannot print your report dir obj.; neighbor =/ me 10 pred nomin.; tadpole = frog ■ PAGE He [or She] is on the phone It belongs to Aunt Maria They will represent the school at the convention It is floating in the sky She said she saw your lost dog She left her keys on the table They asked for more practice time They are guppies She [or He] will address the class tomorrow 10 It tumbled down the cliff Possible answers: adjective adverb; With great pleasure I will serve your meal adverb; On weekends Sue writes letters adjective adverb; The audience asked questions after the lecture adverb; Mei Ling climbed up the mountain expertly adjective adjective adverb;A new day begins at midnight 10 adverb; With no regrets, Ariel made her decision ■ PAGE 10 ■ PAGE 14 Possible answers: Last week my parents gave a higher allowance to me Please save a place at the table for Tim Send this birthday card to Dana The salesperson offered a huge discount to Clara A waitress served a wonderful meal to [or for] the hungry customers Lila bought a new videotape for her parents Tell the answer to us The messenger brought some good news to [or for] the anxious king Tomorrow the history teacher will give a test to the class 10 Did you bring a gift for [or to] me? ■ PAGE 11 The class found the test to be easy Juliana considered the price of the coffee to be unusually high The members have elected you to be secretary of the club Most students consider George Washington to be a great president The senators appointed her to be head of the new committee The travelers found their accommodations to be roomy and comfortable We chose Bob to be our team lea der The freshmen nominated Juan to be their representative We thought the ride to be fascinating but long 10 Did you consider the movie to be enjoyable? ■ PAGE 12 dir obj.; Kevin = / teacher pred nomin.; She = dentist dir obj.; team =/ victory pred nomin.; dogs = poodles pred nomin.; Robert = leader dir obj.; champion = / move dir obj.; class = / vice president pred.nomin.; men = players 54 Writer’s Choice: Grammar Reteaching, Grade ■ PAGE 13 appositive; renames The history teacher; Ms Chang asked us to read a historical novel appositive; renames my nephew; Bart visited me during the holidays no appositive no appositive appositive; renames Colorado; Last winter we visited a popular vacation spot appositive; renames this school; A famous writer attended Franklin Heights High School no appositive appositive; renames a new home; Terry’s parents bought a two-story brick house no appositive 10 appositive; renames Our first president; George Washington was also a g reat general ■ PAGE 15 Possible answers: Singing a beautiful song, Janet amazed the crowd Encouraged by my success,I tried a more difficult design Knowing the answer, the eager student raised her hand The couple,holding hands,walked through the park Exhausted after the long day, they drank iced tea on the porch The author, working on a new novel,was very busy Pam, studying for her math test, stayed up late Hoping to become a famous athlete, Darryl practiced constantly Creeping through the grass,the lion stalked its prey 10 Relieved to feel rain,the firefighters watched the fire die ■ PAGE 16 gerund; I need some new boots for it pres.part gerund; It can be enormously rewarding pres.part gerund; Christie practices it every day pres.part gerund; It requires patience and concentration Answers pres.part gerund; It is a skill I admire 10 gerund; It can be difficult during the winter ■ PAGE 17 1.prep 2.infinitive; will play 3.infinitive; will draw 4.prep 5.infinitive; will be prep infinitive; will play infinitive; will sail infinitive; will call 10 prep ■ PAGE 18 MAIN—John is wearing a red jacket MAIN—His sister is wearing a green jacket SUBORDINATE—After we go shopping MAIN—We should go straight home SUBORDINATE—Because my radio is broken MAIN—I did not hear the new song MAIN—The roof is leaking MAIN—Someone should fix it soon MAIN—The phone rang seven times MAIN—Nobody answered it SUBORDINATE—Before you go MAIN—Turn off the lights MAIN—I cannot tell you anything about the movie SUBORDINATE—because I have not seen it MAIN—The tree shook.SUBORDINATE—when the bear began to scratch it MAIN—The painting fell from the wall SUBORDINATE—because it was not fastened well 10 MAIN—Kayla is serious about her dancing MAIN—She wants to be a ballerina ■ PAGE 19 Dr Stevens is a doctor whom I trust Pat found the album that she has wanted for weeks This is the exercise that the class should complete today Kevin is the student whom we elected president Wear the jacket that you bought last week The boy whom I tutored scored well on the test The peanut butter that you serve tastes great A writer whom Karen really likes is Alice Walker Please pick up the paper that somebody dropped 10 Fran, busily talking to someone whom she had not seen for years,almost missed her plane ■ PAGE 20 Possible answers: The crowd was very quiet while Dawn was singing Whenever he writes,Erving likes complete silence Before the band finished playing, Sue’s parents began clapping Because the bus had engine trouble, the trip was canceled I learned to use word processing after we bought a computer Hector could not finish his book because some pages were missing Although we would like to stay longer, we must leave now Once the performance begins, you cannot enter the theater Please stay seated until the bell rings 10 Were you nervous when the elevator stopped? ■ PAGE 21 noun cl.; The teacher asked it noun cl.; Mother knows it other cl noun cl.; Manuel knows somebody other cl other cl noun cl.; Somebody forgot to lock the door noun cl.; The magician would not tell it other cl 10 noun cl.; It costs only five dollars ■ PAGE 22 1.exclamatory (You); imperative (You); imperative (You); imperative (You); imperative exclamatory (You); imperative (You); imperative (You); imperative 10 exclamatory ■ PAGE 23 We boarded the bus, which had arrived late Allow me to introduce June, whom you spoke with on the phone Walter didn’t want us to see his car, which was covered with mud My mother spoke to my English tea cher, who praised my work Please straighten this picture, which is about to fall Pam’s brother bought her this backpack, which can hold all her books This cake was baked by my father, who happens to be a good cook Please deliver this paper to the mayor’s office, which isn’t far away Bob doesn’t know what he wants for his birthday, which is next week 10 We should meet at my house, where we can discuss the matter further ■ PAGE 24 Possible answers: Two students left the library They were laden with books Two students left the library; they were laden with books Armando mixed the salad He served it in a large bowl Armando mixed the salad, and he served it in a large bowl The store on the corner is having a sale We should shop there today The store on the corner is having a sale; we should shop there today Terry enjoys algebra He looks forward to his algebra class Terry enjoys algebra,and he looks forward to his algebra class The lights suddenly went out Nobody moved The lights suddenly went out; nobody moved Writer’s Choice: Grammar Reteaching, Grade 55 Answers A radio was playing I could barely hear it.A radio was playing, but I could barely hear it The alarm went off early Verline blinked her eyes The alarm went off early; Verline blinked her eyes Melanie loves this perfume It was imported from France Melanie loves this perfume; it was imported from France The castle appeared dark and spooky The tourists waited to go inside The castle appeared dark and spooky, but the tourists waited to go inside 10 The sailors unfurled all the sails The ship soon picked up speed The sailors unfurled all the sails, and the ship soon picked up speed ■ PAGE 25 Possible answers: fallen; The trees have fallen grown; We have grown fond of you frozen; The cold winds have frozen the pond been; I have been sick eaten; They have eaten all the cake ridden; We have ridden on this train once before seen; I have seen a robin beaten; The Cowboys have beaten the Oilers gone; The children have gone away 10 thrown; We have thrown away the broken toys ■ PAGE 26 Possible answers: main verb; Owen’s neighbor possesses an impressive garden perfect main verb; You can take a break in a few minutes main verb; Cindy possessed a leather purse, but she lost it perfect main verb; Take my chair for a while perfect main verb; Do you possess a pen or a pencil I could borrow? perfect 10 perfect ■ PAGE 27 You dimmed the light A friend helped Dorothy Your joke amused the children A skillful handler fed the tigers Keith played the drums The drama teacher read a play My secretary filed these papers Eva bought the blouse The Lions won the football game 10 The fireworks amazed my friends ■ PAGE 28 are; The colors are very bright seems; The smell seems pleasant is; Jack’s patience is impressive were; Leaders were listening to the President’s speech 56 Writer’s Choice: Grammar Reteaching, Grade are; The results are being determined was; Bertina’s position was an advantage seem; People seem unhappy with the new law is; The taste is wonderful is; Your experience is what secured your job 10 was; The beauty was evident to all of us ■ PAGE 29 is; Each one is selling magazines appears; Neither one appears ready, however seems; Either one seems appealing to me has; Each one has called home twice was; Neither one was familiar to me was; Neither one was home sounds; Either one sounds like fun was;Each one was curious is; Each one is absorbed in the game 10 was; Neither one was sure footed ■ PAGE 30 me; This box is for me she; She left to go swimming I; I made this picture in art class me; Please bring some pudding for me her; The reporter spoke with her him; Your mother called him they; They played a good game she; She will go to law school he; He can work in the library 10 me; This note was written by me ■ PAGE 31 he; He spoke to us today we; We practice nearby her; A teacher spoke with her him; We admired him I;I plan to act in another play soon I; I will accept the awards her; The principal asked her to plan the prom them; The mayor thanked them I; I am going to shop for supplies 10 she;She helped me revise my paper ■ PAGE 32 who; Bianca is a pianist She has tremendous talent who; We read works by Phillis Wheatley She was an American poet whom; The neighborhood pharmacist is a man Everybody likes him who; Jennie rewarded the girl.She rescued our cat whom; Jalil met the photographer He wanted to study with him [or her] who; Sarah wrote to her friend He [or She] lives in Houston who; Ms Johnson interviewed a man He had applied for the job who; The conductor helped a passenger He [or She] needed directions whom; Peg and Frank are the actors I recommended them to you 10 who; Barry is the person He made those sandwiches Answers ■ PAGE 33 Possible answers: P; P; P P; P; P P; P; S; Several (P) of these boys name (P) fish as their (P) favorite food S; S; P; Everyone (S) has (S) a numb er on his or her (S) uniform S; P; S; Each (S) of these two statues is (S) worth its (S) weight in gold P; P; P S;S; P; Everybody (S) is putting (S) his or her (S) tackle away P; S; P; Several (P) in the g roup are stretching (P) their (P) legs P; P; S; Most (P) of the children are going (P) to finish their (P) homework 10 S; P; P; Neither (S) of the girls has (S) a mirror in her (S) purse Won’t (-); correct 10 Nothing (-); never (-); Nothing ever bothers you ■ PAGE 37 The table hoped that there was some food left dangling modifier The rope climbed the mountain carefully dangling modifier The champion ran as hard as possible correct My eyes planned to well on the quiz dangling modifier Johnson felt his way around correct The sandwich had hunger pangs dangling modifier My hopes wrote long into the night dangling modifier Her knowledge read every book on the shelf dangling modifier Seats were the last to arrive dangling modifier 10 I hoped to arrive on time correct ■ PAGE 34 ■ PAGE 38 Possible answers: These novels are my favorites This tape might be one you would like This assignment could be difficult This weather is odd for May These items may be hard to replace Did you know about those appointments? These spices taste good on chicken I don’t know what to about this problem Can we something about this situation? 10 These cups were very fragile Cousin Mother Her father my grandfather Aunt ■ PAGE 35 ■ PAGE 40 Possible answers: absolute; You cannot be a little dead not absolute; This brick is lighter than that one absolute; You cannot be a little third absolute; You cannot be a little last not absolute; Those are the loudest musicians I’ve ever heard! not absolute; Your drink is colder than mine absolute; You cannot be a little final absolute; You cannot be a little complete absolute; You cannot be a little unique 10 not absolute; This is the heaviest book I own Why; question mark What; question mark period period Can’t; question mark period period Is; question mark May; question mark 10 period ■ PAGE 36 Possible answers: doesn’t (-); nothing (-); Kelly doesn’t want anything haven’t (-);nobody (-); We haven’t seen anybody today not (-); no (-); Martha does not have any money in her purse don’t (-); correct isn’t (-); nobody (-); There isn’t anybody at home None (-); correct No (-); correct haven’t (-); never (-); I haven’t ever left a campfire burning Grandmother his uncle Your sister Mother 10 Grandfather ■ PAGE 39 American (America) Napoleonic (Napoleon) regional Egyptian (Egypt) Texan (Texas) 10 national Chinese (China) Spanish (Spain) Shakespearean (Shakespeare) Irish (Ireland) ■ PAGE 41 Possible answers: correct; Rosa’s teacher asked her to bring several items correct; Len has the following pets incorrect; When you come over tonight,please bring these items: mustard, ketchup, and rolls incorrect; At the zoo the class saw these animals: monkeys, bears, elephants, and zebras correct; Be sure to bring plenty of warm clothes correct; Lloyd said he needed these ingredients incorrect; At the pond Gwen saw several kinds of creatures: geese, ducks,and insects correct; The figure-skating champion displayed star qualities Writer’s Choice: Grammar Reteaching, Grade 57 Answers incorrect; Try to remember where you put these things: my wallet, my keys,and my glasses 10 incorrect; Don’t forget to feed these pets: the birds,the fish, and the iguana ■ PAGE 42 correct; Marvin was not sure how to use a semicolon He quickly learned correct; The birds circled the tree They were flying closer and closer incorrect; My doctor said that I ne ed more exercise incorrect; The woman picked up the ring that her friend had left behind incorrect; Someone knocked at the door but left when I opened it correct; I studied hard for the quiz Consequently, I did well correct; The television is too loud It is bothering me incorrect; Anita called while I was mowing the lawn incorrect; Dave said that he was glad to see us but that he had to leave early 10 incorrect; The party was fun because everyone was in a good mood ■ PAGE 43 The students worked hard on the report They all did well incorrect; Clarence washed his parents’ truck and swept the patio correct; The band’s drummer was ill He played anyway correct; On Monday you need to call me.On Tuesday you should call Tom correct; See whether Mother can drive you Call your friend Francisco correct; The senator campaigned well He lost the election incorrect;A large dog barked at me but then ran away correct; Jennifer wrote this story We all liked it correct; My cousin is visiting me this weekend We’re having a great time 10 incorrect; The quiz was difficult yet fair ■ PAGE 44 incorrect; Martha purchased several nice dresses incorrect; An enormous woolen coat has slipped off the hook correct; Mr Morita showed us his roomy, attractive home incorrect; The sky was darkened by a huge gray cloud incorrect; Kathy displayed her new wooden sculpture incorrect; Nate caught several large catfish correct; The delicate,soft web came apart in Tim’s hands incorrect; The class concentrated on the difficult history test correct; Helen drew a picture of the splendid, colorful garden 10 correct; We admired the athletic,talented dancers 58 Writer’s Choice: Grammar Reteaching, Grade ■ PAGE 45 Possible answers: On the other hand, Hank left late Consequently, she has decided to become a zoologist correct We cannot see,as a result In contrast, Chris said he would not After all, we are late correct We can, however, make room for one more person Therefore, we should eat them 10 In fact, it is her favorite food ■ PAGE 46 Henry, please come here Henry Please come here Try to be on time, Yvonne Yvonne Try to be on time correct Howard, don’t give up yet Howard Don’t give up yet Contact me, Jose, when you arrive in New York Jose Contact me when you arrive in New York Sara, you left your notebook Sara You left your notebook Will you be here later, Sandra? Sandra Will you be here later? correct Alena, write us a letter about your vacation Alena Write us a letter about your vacation 10 correct ■ PAGE 47 correct; He became an expert player correct; The crowd applauded incorrect; What the acrobat did was outstanding incorrect; That you can like that music amazes me correct; The rain was not welcome incorrect; To build a fire without matches requires skill incorrect; Where you spend your time is none of my business incorrect; Whatever Susan put in the salad was certainly delicious correct; The captain changed course 10 incorrect, About two dollars in change is all I have ■ PAGE 48 (Note: Students may be able to defend alternative answers, given particular contexts.) important; Please take Bobby to the doctor A sparrow landed on the branch important; The soldiers marched for six hundred miles wearing full backpacks The poet read us his favorite poem The hero saved the townspeople important; See whether Theresa wants to go with us on a vacation to London important; Finish the book if you want to know how the story ends The cat slept in the chair Jerry arrived an hour late f or the wedding 10 The coach encouraged his team Answers ■ PAGE 49 ■ PAGE 51 Don’t forget lunch Who said,“Don’t forget lunch”? May we go? A student asked,“May we go?” Will you speak? The judge said, “Will you speak?” What a sky! Debbie exclaimed, “What a sky!” Stop that! Jeff bellowed, “Stop that!” I knew that Why did Joan say, “I knew that”? Is my essay clear? The student thought,“Is my essay clear?” Why did you go? Kevin replied, “Why did you go?” Watch out! The girl shouted, “Watch out!” 10 What is the answer? Who asked, “What is the answer?” Whose dress? Cindy’s correct Whose horse? Wilbur’s correct Whose house? Rusty’s correct correct Whose computer? Sam’s Whose cave? A bear’s 10 correct ■ PAGE 50 Cat’s Cradle Midnight “Incident”; A poem is usually published as a part of a book or a magazine “The Storm”;A short story is usually a part of a magazine or a book “Unforgettable”;A song title requires quotation marks Moonstruck “The Road to Peace”; An article is part of a newspaper Daily Reporter Romeo and Juliet 10 The Wizard of Oz ■ PAGE 52 correct anti-Washington; Washington is capitalized anti-imperialist; to separate two i’s anti-intellectual; to separate two i’s anti-incumbent; to separate two i’s correct correct anti-American; American is capitalized anti-inflationary; to separate two i’s 10 correct Writer’s Choice: Grammar Reteaching, Grade 59 ... missed her plane Writer’s Choice: Grammar Reteaching, Grade 9, Unit 13 19 Grammar Reteaching Name Class Date Unit 13.6 Adverb Clauses... alarm! 22 Writer’s Choice: Grammar Reteaching, Grade 9, Unit 13 Grammar Reteaching Name Class Date Unit 13 .9 Sentence Fragments Key Information A sentence... _ Writer’s Choice: Grammar Reteaching, Grade 9, Unit 10 Grammar Reteaching Name Class Date Unit 10.3 Linking Verbs