Grammar and Composition Grammar Reteaching Grade 12 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc All rights reserved Permission is granted to reproduce material contained herein on the condition that such material be reproduced only for classroom use; and be provided to students, teachers, and families without charge; and be used solely in conjunction with Writer’s Choice Any other reproduction, for use or sale,is prohibited without written permission of the publisher Printed in the United States of America Send all inquiries to: Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 8787 Orion Place Columbus, Ohio 43240 ISBN 0-07-823372-0 055 04 03 02 01 00 ii Contents Unit 10 Parts of Speech 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.6 10.7 Unit 11 Parts of the Sentence 11.4 11.5 11.5 11.5 Unit 12 Prepositional Phrases 13 Appositives and Appositive Phrases 14 Participles and Participial Phrases 15 Gerunds and Gerund Phrases 16 Infinitives and Infinitive Phrases 17 Clauses and Sentence Structure 13.2 13.5 13.6 13.7 13.8 13.9 13.10 Unit 15 Order of Subject and Predicate Indirect Objects 10 Object Complements 11 Subject Complements 12 Phrases 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.3 12.3 Unit 13 Nouns Demonstrative and Indefinite Pronouns Action Verbs Linking Verbs Adjectives Adverbs Prepositions Conjunctive Adverbs Subordinate Clauses 18 Adjective Clauses 19 Adverb Clauses 20 Noun Clauses 21 Four Kinds of Sentences 22 Sentence Fragments 23 Run-on Sentences 24 Verb Tenses, Voice, and Mood 15.1 15.4 15.7 Principal Parts of Verbs 25 Perfect Tenses 26 Voice of Verbs 27 iii Contents Unit 16 Subject-Verb Agreement 16.1 16.7 Unit 17 Using Pronouns Correctly 17.1 17.2 17.4 17.6 17.7 Unit 18 The Three Degrees of Comparison 35 Double Negatives 36 Dangling Modifiers 37 Capitalization 20.2 20.3 Unit 21 Case of Personal Pronouns 30 Pronouns with and as Appositives 31 Reflexive and Intensive Pronouns 32 Agreement with Indefinite Pronouns 33 Clear Pronoun Reference 34 Using Modifiers Correctly 18.1 18.6 18.7 Unit 20 Intervening Prepositional Phrases 28 Indefinite Pronouns as Subjects 29 Capitalization of Proper Nouns 38 Capitalization of Proper Adjectives 39 Punctuation, Abbreviations, and Numbers Question Mark 40 Colons to Introduce Lists 41 Semicolons to Separate Main Clauses 42 Commas and Compound Sentences 43 Commas and Coordinate Adjectives 44 Commas with Parenthetical Expressions and 45 Conjunctive Adverbs 21.6 Commas and Direct Address 46 21.6 Misuse of Commas 47 21.7 Dashes to Emphasize 48 21.11 Quotation Marks 49 21.11–12 Quotation Marks and Italics 50 21.13 The Apostrophe 51 21.14 The Hyphen 52 21.3 21.4 21.5 21.6 21.6 21.6 Answers 53 iv Grammar Reteaching Name Class Date 10.1 Nouns Key Information A common noun is the general—not the particular—name of a person, place, thing, or idea The words brick, disaster, knowledge, and stick are common nouns This exercise provides a method for identifying common nouns Most common nouns have a plural form and can be immediately preceded by the Directions Next to each of the following words, write common noun if the word is a common noun Check your response by writing a sentence in which the precedes the common noun and the noun is in its plural form Write not common noun next to the word if the word is not a common noun alligator anybody common Don’t feed the alligators not common noun window _ religion Confucius _ porch _ everybody _ floor Japan _ clip _ myself _ 10 secret _ Writer’s Choice: Grammar Reteaching, Grade 12, Unit 10 Grammar Reteaching Name Class Date 10.2 Demonstrative and Indefinite Pronouns Key Information A demonstrative pronoun points out specific persons, places, things, or ideas An indefinite pronoun refers to persons, places, or things in a more general way than a noun does The demonstrative pronouns are this, that, these, and those Some indefinite pronouns are any, several, few, both, and everyone This exercise gives a tip for distinguishing between these pronouns and the same words used as adjectives Replace the word with the If the sentence is still grammatical, the word is an adjective If you cannot replace the word with the, it is a pronoun Directions For each of the following sentences, write pro on the line if the underlined word is used as a demonstrative or indefinite pronoun Write adj if the underlined word is used as an adjective Then rewrite the sentence labeled with adj to show that the underlined adjective can be replaced by the Some of us ate pizza PRO Some mice were in the field ADJ The mice were in the field Both campers were soaking wet My sisters showed up at the party, and both were surprised to see me These are too small to wear _ These pants are too big See whether those will fit you any better _ The class invited several parents to the party Please take all of the candy with you All of the nine televisions in Carl’s house are broken _ Kindly put this cat outside 10 Many people live in San Francisco Writer’s Choice: Grammar Reteaching, Grade 12, Unit 10 Grammar Reteaching Name Class Date 10.3 Action Verbs Key Information An action verb tells what someone or something does A transitive verb is an action verb that is followed by a word or words that answer the question what? or whom? This exercise provides a method for recognizing transitive verbs You rewrite the sentence as a what or whom question The answer to the question will be the words that follow the transitive verb in the original sentence Directions Show that each verb in the following sentences is transitive by using it in a question that begins with what or whom Then answer the question with the words that follow the verb in the original sentence Frank finished the test I met my mother What did Frank finish? Whom did I meet? The test My mother After school we ate some doughnuts Philip wrote a beautiful poem _ A moose scared the campers The carpenters built a new porch. _ Our cat likes mild cheese _ Luisa took a picture _ The city council elected a new accountant. Our class read War and Peace Somebody broke my computer! 10 Jerrie borrowed two dollars _ Writer’s Choice: Grammar Reteaching, Grade 12, Unit 10 Grammar Reteaching Name Class Date 10.3 Linking Verbs Key Information A linking verb joins the subject of a sentence with a word or an expression that identifies or describes the subject The most common linking verb is be in all its forms: am, is, are, was, were, will be, has been, was being This exercise provides a method for deciding whether a verb is a linking verb or an action verb A verb is usually a linking verb if you can replace it with a form of be The new sentence should have about the same meaning as the original If, however, you replace an action verb with a form of be, the meaning of the sentence will change and the sentence will probably be ungrammatical Directions Underline the verb in each of the following sentences Write action on the line if the verb is an action verb Write linking if the verb is a linking verb Then rewrite each sentence that contains a linking verb, replacing the verb with an appropriate form of be Debbie threw the ball action This pillow feels uncomfortable linking This pillow is uncomfortable You seem a little sad today The teacher gave a test _ Your dog looks mean Lisa looked at the paintings for an hour _ I feel very hungry _ The party seems a little dull _ We felt a sudden chill The carpet smells musty I smell hot dogs in the kitchen 10 Suddenly the sky became dark Writer’s Choice: Grammar Reteaching, Grade 12, Unit 10 Grammar Reteaching Name Class Date 10.4 Adjectives Key Information An adjective is a word that modifies a noun or pronoun by limiting its meaning this paper nice person my apartment some food This exercise gives a tip for identifying adjectives Adjectives answer questions about the nouns they modify Some of these questions are whose? how many? which? and what kind of? Directions A noun is underlined in each of the following sentences Write on the line the adjective that modifies that noun Next, write the question that the adjective answers about the noun Then answer the question A huge wrestler appeared on television These flowers are beautiful These huge What kind of wrestler? Which flowers? A huge wrestler These flowers Several people brought gifts for you These roses are for you My parents bought a new couch _ Somebody left a portable radio on the bench _ See whether you can borrow Chen’s book This playground has been closed for some reason _ A nervous squirrel looked around and ran away _ Janet put the wet towel in the dryer _ Your friend has telephoned for you _ 10 Have you seen Claude’s cousin? Writer’s Choice: Grammar Reteaching, Grade 12, Unit 10 Grammar Reteaching Name Class Date 10.5 Adverbs Key Information An adverb is a word that modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb She was born yesterday Bill took a plane home I merrily sang This exercise gives a tip for identifying adverbs Adverbs answer questions about the words that they modify Some of these questions are when? where? and how? Directions A verb is underlined in each of the following sentences Write on the line the adverb that modifies that verb Next, write the question that the adverb answers about the verb Then answer the question The boat sailed away away Yesterday we ate chicken Where did the boat sail? Yesterday When did we eat? It sailed away We ate yesterday The children played inside The lawyers argued bitterly _ Our team won today. _ Leave your wet shoes outside Laura coughed loudly The game begins soon _ The volcano violently erupted _ Bring a gift tomorrow. The considerate patrons walked softly _ 10 The parade will take place downtown _ Writer’s Choice: Grammar Reteaching, Grade 12, Unit 10 Grammar Reteaching Name Class Date 21.6 Commas with Parenthetical Expressions and Conjunctive Adverbs Key Information Use commas to set off parenthetical expressions (such as on the contrary) and conjunctive adverbs (such as however and therefore) This exercise provides a method for recognizing these items They can easily be moved elsewhere in a sentence (In the new position, commas will still be needed.) Directions In each of the following items, an underlined word or phrase is set off by a comma or commas If the word or phrase is a correctly set-off parenthetical expression or conjunctive adverb, write correct on the line Then rewrite the appropriate sentence, moving the word or phrase to a different position If the word or phrase is incorrectly set off, write incorrect on the line Then rewrite the sentence correctly I don’t hate school In fact, I like school correct I like school, in fact Len rushes, whenever, he is late incorrect Len rushes whenever he is late Bob forgot his book Don, on the contrary, remembered to bring his Isabel called today She did not say what she wanted, however I cannot go to school, because, I have the flu. The cat walked to the food dish, even though, there was nothing in it I can’t come on Wednesday Friday, on the other hand, is fine with me _ The cookies are burned Therefore, we have to start over Judy cannot speak with you, because, she is busy right now Jan excels at sports For example, she is a star basketball player _ The quiz was difficult We did well, nevertheless _ 10 The snakes, by the way, have escaped from their cage _ Writer’s Choice: Grammar Reteaching, Grade 12, Unit 21 45 Grammar Reteaching Name Class Date 21.6 Commas and Direct Address Key Information Use commas to set off words or names that are used in direct address Toni, don’t forget your keys This exercise provides a method for detecting words or names used in direct address First, see whether the person to whom the sentence is directed is named in the sentence Second, see whether the sentence would be grammatically correct if you deleted that word or name The word or name should be set off by commas if it passes both of these requirements In the previous example, the sentence is directed to Toni, and the name Toni can be deleted Directions In the following sentences, each term that might require punctuation is underlined If the term is used in direct address, rewrite the sentence, inserting a comma or commas to set off the term Then show that your response is correct by rewriting the sentence without the term If the term is not used in direct address and the sentence does not need a comma, write correct Rosa please come here Rosa, please come here Daryl was elected to the student council correct Please come here Sarah your homework James and his friend went to see a movie Are you listening Susan? This assignment class should be easy for you _ Mr Uchida there is somebody here to see you Can’t anybody find Louise? My friend you not seem well _ Lee I believe you still have a bad cold _ We thank you Ms Miller for the kind donation 10 Should we ask my friend for a loan? _ 46 Writer’s Choice: Grammar Reteaching, Grade 12, Unit 21 Grammar Reteaching Name Class Date 21.6 Misuse of Commas Key Information A single comma should not be used between a subject and its verb An error will occur if a writer puts a comma after what seems to be—but is not—an introductory phrase or clause This exercise gives a tip to help you avoid this error If a comma sets off an introductory element, everything to the right of the comma should be able to stand as a complete sentence If the words to the right of the comma cannot stand alone, not use a comma CORRECT: When I left, it was over When I left, is my business INCORRECT: In the first sentence, the boldfaced section could stand alone as a complete sentence This is not true of the second sentence Directions For each of the following sentences, write correct on the line if the comma sets off an introductory element Then write everything to the right of the comma as a complete sentence If the comma is used incorrectly, write incorrect on the line Then rewrite the sentence correctly by eliminating the comma While I slept, my car was stolen How you survived, amazes me correct My car was stolen incorrect How you survived amazes me What I saw last night, was unbelievable. When the bus finally arrived, it was ten minutes late _ When the train will arrive, is something I not know _ While the accountant was reviewing the budget, he discovered an error Whatever Valerie wrote to Steve, must have upset him Whoever made this cake, should be complimented. _ Wherever he traveled, the sailor was asked about his adventures The cereal Louis eats for breakfast, is very healthful How the mountain climber managed to climb that peak, is a mystery 10 Whenever you want to go, I am ready _ Writer’s Choice: Grammar Reteaching, Grade 12, Unit 21 47 Grammar Reteaching Name Class Date 21.7 Dashes to Emphasize Key Information A dash (—) serves to set off and emphasize supplemental information, but dashes can easily be overused This exercise gives a tip for using dashes appropriately When you use dashes to emphasize information, see whether the information is “extra.” If it is extra, a sentence and its main idea should be clear to readers without the material that is set off by dashes A rat—a gray one—ran away A rat ran away Although some information is lost, the second sentence has the same basic meaning as the first No crucial information has been lost Directions A dash or a pair of dashes appears in each of the following sentences If the dash or dashes are appropriate, rewrite the sentence without the set-off information The rewrite should have basically the same meaning as the original sentence If the set-off information is important, write important on the line Then rewrite the sentence correctly by eliminating the dash or dashes A song—my favorite—was playing softly I want a truck—or a van important A song was playing softly I want a truck or a van A man—with an urgent message for you—is at the door The singer finished her song—an old Beatles’ tune. _ The trees—full of silent beauty—towered above me. Luke saw someone—who looked like the lost child. _ The doctor said that there was little hope—unless a donor could be found soon _ The sidewalk—old and cracked—was not well maintained Millie hoped to be a medical researcher—or a surgeon. This poem—a classic—is entitled “The Raven.” The orange—sweet and juicy—was delicious _ 10 Fill out all of this form—except for the last two sections 48 Writer’s Choice: Grammar Reteaching, Grade 12, Unit 21 Grammar Reteaching Name Class Date 21.11 Quotation Marks Key Information Sometimes a sentence ending with quotation marks needs a question mark or an exclamation point This exercise provides a method for deciding whether such punctuation goes inside or outside the quotation marks Look at only the material that is inside the quotation marks How would you punctuate it? If you would use a question mark or an exclamation point, write that mark of punctuation inside the quotation marks in the original sentence Otherwise write the punctuation outside the quotation marks in the original sentence Directions Each of the following sentences has no end punctuation (? or !) To decide where to write the punctuation mark, write the material inside the quotation marks as a separate sentence If the question mark or exclamation point is needed in your new sentence, rewrite the original sentence with that end punctuation inside the quotation marks If your new sentence requires only a period, rewrite the original sentence with the question mark or exclamation point outside the quotation marks Bill yelled, “Don’t jump” Don’t jump! Bill yelled, “Don’t jump!” Who said, “I’m afraid to look” I’m afraid to look Who said, “I’m afraid to look”? Nathan screamed,“Look out for the bus” _ Who wrote, “George was here” _ The salesperson asked,“May I help you” _ Who asked, “When will supper be ready” _ Do you know who said, “This test is easy” Can you say, “She sells seashells by the seashore” _ The captain loudly announced,“Man the lifeboats” _ The waiter replied, “Would you like to speak to the chef ” Why would someone living in Colorado say, “I hate snow” _ 10 Who said,“I have not yet begun to fight” _ Writer’s Choice: Grammar Reteaching, Grade 12, Unit 21 49 Grammar Reteaching Name Class Date 21.11–12 Quotation Marks and Italics Key Information Italicize (underline) titles of books, newspapers, magazines, lengthy poems, plays, films and television series, paintings and sculptures, and long musical compositions Use quotation marks for titles of short stories, short poems, essays, articles, chapters, songs, and single episodes of a television series This exercise provides a way to determine whether you should use italics or quotation marks If the title refers to a part of a larger work, use quotation marks If the title refers to a lengthy or a major work, use italics An article, for example, is usually part of a magazine or newspaper The magazine or newspaper itself is the larger or major work Directions A title appears in each of the following sentences If the title should be italicized, underline it If the title requires quotation marks, enclose the title within the marks If you use quotation marks, explain why you use them Citizen Kane is on television tonight The class read “The Horses,” a short poem by Pablo Neruda Titles of short poems are enclosed in quotation marks Lynn dislikes Edvard Munch’s painting The Scream My favorite novel by Hemingway is A Farewell to Arms _ There is an interesting article on education in the latest issue of Newsweek _ The name of this short poem is She Walks in Beauty _ My English teacher assigned a short story entitled The Runner by Barbara Kimenye The school newspaper, The Weekly Record, contains a picture of you Our history teacher brought in a newspaper article entitled The Effects of War Wendy sang Amazing Grace during music class today The drama class put on a production of Macbeth _ 10 I read an essay by Charles Lamb entitled Playhouse Memoranda 50 Writer’s Choice: Grammar Reteaching, Grade 12, Unit 21 Grammar Reteaching Name Class Date 21.13 The Apostrophe Key Information Use an apostrophe and -s to form the possessive of a singular noun An -s (without the apostrophe) is also added to nouns to indicate that they are plural, as in two cars What you if you know a noun ends in -s, but you are not sure whether possession is involved? This exercise provides a method for distinguishing between a singular possessive noun and a plural noun If possession is involved, you should be able to ask a whose question that is answered by the possessive noun I wrecked Andy’s car Whose car? Andy’s Since Andy’s is possessive, the apostrophe is required Directions A word is underlined in each of the following sentences If the word is possessive, show that the apostrophe is needed by writing a whose question Then write the answer to the question, adding an apostrophe before the -s If the underlined word does not require an apostrophe, write correct Henrys bat is broken Some boys are at the door Whose bat? Henry’s CORRECT Teresas stereo looks impressive Somebodys wallet was left in the room A few birds are eating the food Suki put in the yard The bears cave is just ahead _ There were several snakes in the pit. _ Please take your mothers purse to her _ Floyds essay is about space exploration Houstons mayor was elected a year ago _ The cowboys finished their work and rested 10 These rocks have been broken in half somehow _ Writer’s Choice: Grammar Reteaching, Grade 12, Unit 21 51 Grammar Reteaching Name Class Date The Hyphen 21.14 Key Information A hyphen is often used to join the words that form a compound adjective Whether or not a hyphen is used in a compound adjective often depends upon the position of the adjective in the sentence This exercise provides a method for determining whether or not to use a hyphen in compound adjectives If a compound adjective precedes the noun it modifies, hyphenation is usually necessary a well-run business If a compound adjective follows the noun it modifies, it is usually not hyphenated The business is well run Directions Underline the compound adjective in each of the following sentences If the compound adjective requires one or more hyphens, rewrite the sentence correctly If no hyphens are needed, write correct He is a seventeen year old student He is a seventeen-year-old student Maria’s work on this project has been well regarded correct The coffee table was made of a coarse grained wood. Babe Ruth may be considered the best known baseball player in history The much challenged runner was finally outdistanced Please leave a one inch margin on either side of your paper Her happy go lucky attitude makes her a lively and intriguing dancer I am sure that she is a well meaning individual. After a long romp on the lawn, the still frisky puppy pranced about my feet. _ I believe that the well informed judge made an appropriate decision. _ We stopped for lunch at an out of the way restaurant. _ 10 The two adorable infants were alert and rosy faced. _ 52 Writer’s Choice: Grammar Reteaching, Grade 12, Unit 21 Answers ■ PAGE Possible answers: common noun; Please open the windows common noun; You can study the religions of the world not common noun common noun; The porches of bungalows are quaint not common noun common noun; The floors are made of oak not common noun common noun; Use the clips to hold the papers not common noun 10 common noun; Tell me all the secrets ■ PAGE 2 10 adj.; The campers were soaking wet pro pro adj.; The pants are too big pro adj.; The class invited the parents to the party pro pro adj.; Kindly put the cat outside adj.; The people live in San Francisco ■ PAGE 3 10 What did we eat? Some doughnuts What did Philip write? A beautiful poem Whom did a moose scare? The campers What did the carpenters build? A new porch What does our cat like? Mild cheese What did Luisa take? A picture Whom did the city council elect? A new accountant What did our class read? War and Peace What did somebody break? My computer What did Jerrie borrow? Two dollars wet; What kind of towel? A wet towel Your; Whose friend? Your friend 10 Claude’s; Whose cousin? Claude’s cousin ■ PAGE inside; Where did the children play? They played inside bitterly; How did the lawyers argue? They argued bitterly today; When did our team win? Our team won today outside; Where should you leave your wet shoes? Leave them outside loudly; How did Laura cough? She coughed loudly soon; When does the game begin? It begins soon violently; How did the volcano erupt? It erupted violently tomorrow; When should you bring a gift? Bring a gift tomorrow softly; How did the considerate patrons walk? They walked softly 10 downtown; Where will the parade take place? It will take place downtown ■ PAGE (Note: Students’ arrows should lead from the preposition to the two words related by the preposition.) A sign near the road was destroyed My parents bought the house by the school My brother threw me into the lake Choose one of those books A girl from Egypt visited us today Some animal lives underneath my house The group traveled to Mexico The song on the radio is my favorite The lady with the purse is Steve’s mother 10 Bradley walked across the bridge ■ PAGE ■ PAGE 8 10 Possible answers: therefore; Therefore, we cannot use it nevertheless; Nevertheless, we arrived before curtain time however; However, it is short subsequently; Subsequently, the dog buried the bone nonetheless; Nonetheless,I cannot eat any more moreover; Moreover, they are beautiful therefore; Therefore, we should leave alternatively; Alternatively, you could switch on the fan however; However, nobody was hurt 10 consequently; Consequently, I am going to bed to read my book linking; You are a little sad today action linking; Your dog is mean action linking; I am very hungry linking; The party is a little dull action linking; The carpet is musty action linking; Suddenly the sky was dark ■ PAGE 5 Several; How many people? Several people These; Which roses? These roses My; Whose parents? My parents portable; What kind of radio? A portable radio Chen’s; Whose book? Chen’s book This; Which playground? This playground nervous; What kind of squirrel? A nervous squirrel Writer’s Choice: Grammar Reteaching, Grade 12 53 Answers ■ PAGE 9 10 normal; The bells rang inverted inverted inverted normal; The sailors were marooned inverted normal;A lonely man counted his money normal; We ran inverted normal; Charles slept for hours ■ PAGE 10 10 France gave the Statue of Liberty to America The government gave some land to the farmers no indirect object no indirect object no indirect object Glynda wrote a story for her daughter My sister sang a song to (or for) us no indirect object I’ll make some cookies for you no indirect object ■ PAGE 14 appositive phrase; renames Winnipeg; Bill’s cousin lives in a city in southern Canada no appositive appositive; renames nephew; Glen lives around here appositive phrase; renames tiger swallowtail; We searched for a kind of butterfly with long wings appositive phrase; renames Alice; A very good artist is giving painting lessons appositive phrase; renames Stephen King; This book was written by a famous and prolific novelist no appositive appositive; renames poem; “Rocking” was written by Gabriela Mistral appositive; renames Atlanta; We traveled to the capital of Georgia this summer 10 no appositive ■ PAGE 15 vice president; The class elected Sharon to be vice president long; We considered the movie to be long representative; The students elected you to be their representative no object complement unsweetened; He wants his tea to be unsweetened messy; Do you like your room to be this messy? no object complement tedious; Roy finds housework to be tedious no object complement 10 leader; The people named you to be their leader Possible answers: Admired by the other students, Arvin won the election Seeing the monument for the first time,some tourists took pictures Realizing that he had no chance, Sam gave up Giving up the battle,the army retreated Tripping over an extension cord,the waiter fell down Hammering all morning, a carpenter woke me up Trying to finish her pap er, Christal worked all night long Accustomed to people,the squirrels begged for food Running as hard as he could, Oliver won the race 10 Climbing the tree silently, the cat almost caught the robin ■ PAGE 12 ■ PAGE 16 10 10 ■ PAGE 11 PN; Buffalo Bill = celebrity DO; We ≠ dress PN; men = carpenters DO; girl ≠ kitten PN; Somebody = pest DO; machine ≠ noise DO; Lee ≠ you PN; cat = tabby PN; I = teacher DO; Earl ≠ something ■ PAGE 13 54 adverb; The old man waited on the bridge 10 adjective adverb; Somebody fainted during the movie adjective adjective adverb; I feel a slight pain in my stomach adverb; I would anything for you adjective adverb; At dawn the armies clashed adverb; To the Canadian border we drove Writer’s Choice: Grammar Reteaching, Grade 12 pres.part pres.part gerund; It is a dream of mine gerund; Tanya thought about it gerund; Sara will begin it pres.part gerund; Jeff thought about it gerund; Do you know much about it? pres.part gerund; I dislike it ■ PAGE 17 Possible answers: infinitive; will buy infinitive; will leave infinitive; will get infinitive; will eat infinitive; will be prep prep Answers infinitive; will drive infinitive; will finish 10 prep ■ PAGE 18 main;A wall of water rushed toward the beach.main; Nothing could stop it main; Marvin’s shoes were not expensive main; He played basketball like a pro subordinate; Because of bad weather main; Today’s game has been canceled main; This plant looks unhealthy main; The one in the corner looks great main; The troops advanced cautiously subordinate; because they feared snipers main; Try to finish your homework on time main; We won’t be able to go to the mall main; The drummer lost one of his drumsticks main; He continued playing main; Eartha called me subordinate; while I was at work main; Bring those paintings to my bedroom subordinate; which is upstairs 10 main; Victor was able to finish early main; He started before any of us ■ PAGE 21 Possible answers: noun cl.; Bob wants to know it noun cl.; It does not surprise me other cl noun cl.; The teacher wants to know it noun cl.; Did you hear it? other cl noun cl.; It is a mystery to us all noun cl.; Give the last piece of pie to somebody other cl 10 other cl ■ PAGE 22 10 (You); imperative exclamatory exclamatory (You); imperative (You); imperative (You); imperative exclamatory (You); imperative (You); imperative (You); imperative ■ PAGE 19 ■ PAGE 23 The basket that Jose brought has fruit in it The lawyer whom my parents contacted said they should write their wills Your sister bought the watch that you are wearing Do you know the person whom I spoke with on the phone? That kitten that you found belongs to the neighbors The bowl that I broke dates back to the nineteenth century Allison talked to a boy whom I have never met The country that we visited last summer is having a revolution The doctor whom I called was very helpful 10 The book that Carol read was written by John Updike Please give the recipe to my mother, who needs it for the dinner party The book you want is in my bedroom, which is in the basement Ken spoke with the principal, who lives next door to us You can use my computer, which happens to be a laptop See if you can find Ms Yang, whom you met last week at school Fran did not like the book’s ending, which I happen to like The car bears this bumper sticker, which is really bothering me Please put the bread in the oven, which should be hot by now We sent an invitation to the governor, who will be visiting this area 10 The rain poured in through the front door, which had been left open ■ PAGE 20 The game lasted until midnight because it was delayed When we asked Victor to perform,he sang a beautiful song Because the directions were difficult to follow, Nadine read them twice The audience finally got quiet after the movie began Before we were ready to leave class,the bell rang We were full of hope when the decade began Wherever the animals could find shelter, they took it When the storm was finally over, I was glad Unless you really like pumpkin, not eat this pie 10 Please help yourself if you want some more salad ■ PAGE 24 Possible answers: This story is one of the best I’ve ever read James Joyce wrote it This story is one of the best I’ve ever read; James Joyce wrote it Oliver searched for his car Sue had left it in the parking lot Oliver searched for his car; Sue had left it in the parking lot The dog chased the cat Then the cat chased the dog The dog chased the cat, and then the cat chased the dog Writer’s Choice: Grammar Reteaching, Grade 12 55 Answers The lawyer stormed out of the courtroom.She was furious The lawyer stormed out of the courtroom; she was furious Larry wandered the streets alone It was a dark and stormy night.Larry wandered the streets alone, for it was a dark and stormy night A piece of glass was on the floor Somebody would step on it soon.A piece of glass was on the floor; somebody would step on it soon The rainbow was beautiful The whole sky looked wonderful The rainbow was beautiful; the whole sky looked wonderful Helen liked taking the bus It was cheaper than driving every day Helen liked taking the bus, and it was cheaper than driving every day The holiday spirit was infectious Everybody was enjoying the season The holiday spirit was infectious, and everybody was enjoying the season 10 Juanita was late for school She ran all the way Juanita was late for school; she ran all the way ■ PAGE 25 Possible answers: run; We have run five miles begun; We have begun a great quest seen; I have seen the light spoken; The elders have spoken stolen; The thieves have stolen our money taken; We have taken too long to finish drawn; They have drawn a picture of you fallen; The pictures have fallen off the wall given; The people have given the politician an award 10 known; We have known great hardship ■ PAGE 26 Possible answers: main verb; Donald possesses a new computer perfect verb; Please take some of this sandwich perfect main verb; Dad possesses a bad headache main verb; You took more than your share main verb; June and Carlos possess more books than I perfect perfect 10 main verb; John possesses a large apple ■ PAGE 27 10 56 Jerry mopped the floor Jim caught a g rasshopper The loud noise frightened Clarence The children cleared the table The pigs ate the f ood The students finished the assignment The wind overturned the boat Congress did not approve the bill You impress Maria A professional carpet cleaner cleaned our carpet Writer’s Choice: Grammar Reteaching, Grade 12 ■ PAGE 28 10 is; The sound is deafening are; The boys are welcome to attend the party is; The sight is something to behold seem; The people seem a bit rowdy is; The color is blue have; Some students have asked us to correspond with them was; The smell was fragrant are; The principles are reasonable include; My teacher’s goals include freedom of expression was;A book was left on my desk ■ PAGE 29 10 is; Each one is worthy of the award was; Neither one was afraid sounds; Either one sounds fine to me is; Neither one is aware I’m watching is; Each one of them is for you has; Neither one of the children has behaved well today seems; Either one seems to be tasty is; Each one of the rooms is too cold to work in today knows; Neither one knows that the test was postponed is; Either one is capable ■ PAGE 30 10 he; He bought Dad a new tie me; You can ride with me I;I prepared the room for the party us; This room is reserved for us we; We gave an award to the freshmen they; They will meet in the championship game me; Someone saw me at the game him; That sandwich is for him she; She took pictures during the field trip I; I will make supper tomorrow ■ PAGE 31 10 she; She went to the park her; Our teacher praised her them; The rain disappointed them he; He could be elected to the student council I;I will speak at the awards ceremony him; The reporter asked questions about him she; She will give tests tomorrow me; You’ll be working with me he; He required a good deal of homework she; She left messages ■ PAGE 32 myself; That table is reserved for me Helen herself; correct You yourself; correct yourself; This candy bar is for you I myself; correct dog itself; correct Answers 10 myself; Jill and I went up the hill players themselves; correct herself; Mike and she showed up late to class you yourself; correct ■ PAGE 33 Possible answers: P; P; P S; P; S; Each (S) of the boys is (S) willing to his (S) share of the work S; P; P; Everyone (S) at work is (S) having his or her (S) friends over for the holidays P; P; P S; P; S; One (S) of the players seems (S) to have hurt his (S) ankle P; P; P S; P; P; Everybody (S) here has (S) brought some of his or her (S) artwork to share S; S; P; Each (S) of the workers is (S) putting his or her (S) tools away P; S; P; None (P) of us want (P) to stop drawing our (P) pictures (Note: None, in this instance,is plural because it refers to us.) 10 P; P; P ■ PAGE 34 Possible answers: Those treats were delicious This news is good That accident was expensive He needs those items badly These fruits are nutritious That fact is odd That behavior was not acceptable to us This spectacle is beautiful This action was necessary to win the battle 10 These purchases were expensive ■ PAGE 35 Possible answers: not absolute; The water is deeper over there not absolute; The new oven is hotter than our old one not absolute; The action Sharon took is more thoughtful than anyone expected absolute; You cannot be a little inanimate absolute; You cannot be a little broken not absolute; That test was the most difficult she’s ever given us! not absolute; Your new song is longer than your last one not absolute; Elaine has the sleekest cat I’ve ever seen not absolute;She had never seen a fiercer dog 10 not absolute; Kay was the lithest dancer in the company ■ PAGE 36 Possible answers: didn’t (–) nothing (–); Congress didn’t see anything wrong with the new law not (–); correct didn’t (–) nobody (–); Hal didn’t mean to hurt anybody won’t (–) never (–); I won’t ever leave you Won’t (–) never (–); Won’t she ever learn? hasn’t (–) no (–); The lawyer hasn’t won any cases this year Aren’t (–); correct Can’t (–); correct Nobody (–) nothing (–); Nobody said anything about the test 10 don’t (–) no (–); I have no faith in politicians ■ PAGE 37 10 Mr Fong forgot his keys correct The car forgot to buy gas.dangling modifier The plane flew high ab ove the earth correct Turbulence flew high in the sky dangling modifier Several strange ideas thought quickly dangling modifier Mary walked as fast as possible correct The paper typed slowly dangling modifier Dave typed quickly correct Elsa ate everything in sight correct My stomach ate too much dangling modifier ■ PAGE 38 Possible answers: Bill’s brother Mother Grandmother your mother Clyde’s father Mom My grandfather Colleen’s uncle Dad 10 Ted and Nancy’s father ■ PAGE 39 Possible answers: American; America Spanish; Spain Mexican; Mexico Swiss; Switzerland French; France Irish; Ireland Brazilian; Brazil Canadian; Canada German; Germany 10 Polish; Poland Writer’s Choice: Grammar Reteaching, Grade 12 57 Answers ■ PAGE 40 10 Have; question mark period Do; question mark period period May; question mark Will; question mark period period period ■ PAGE 41 Possible answers: incorrect; My favorite colors are these shades: pale pink and mint green correct; We have several pets correct; My mother bought only a few items at the store incorrect; The guest list includes four of my friends: Thelma,Gary, Rick, and Pat incorrect; I must go shopping for these items: boots, belts, and shirts correct; For the test, bring these items incorrect; For lunch today we are having the following dishes: tamales, rice,and salad correct; Don’t forget these tools correct; Sidney forgot a few things 10 incorrect; Be sure to speak with these people: Hector, Ben, Midori, and Pam ■ PAGE 44 correct; We heard a strange, jarring sound incorrect; The large metal robot explored the barren surface of Mars incorrect; An enormous white bear swam around the chunks of ice correct; The dented, dirty truck pulled over to a service station incorrect; Mom bought a small ceramic doll correct; The hungry, tired workers devoured their lunch correct; A frisky, long-legged cat mewed at the doorstep incorrect; The singer wore a beautiful silk shirt incorrect; We had eaten two large pies 10 correct; The reserved, quiet child finally spoke ■ PAGE 42 ■ PAGE 45 incorrect; Because he had an eff ective campaign staff, Sam won the election correct; The artist finally completed her painting She was very happy with it correct; Pete walked home alone However, he was soon joined by a friend correct; Hank traveled to the city There he would meet Irene incorrect; When it saw another cat outside, the cat stared out the window correct; Nathan heard an explosion Subsequently he heard another explosion correct;A limousine pulled up to the hotel Then some elegantly dressed people got out incorrect; Because of the storm, the big game was canceled incorrect; The test was hard, since it covered fourteen chapters 10 correct; Mei ran as quickly as possible.She soon became tired correct; On the contrary, Don remembered to bring his correct; She did not,however, say what she wanted incorrect; I cannot go to school because I have the flu incorrect; The cat walked to the food dish even though there was nothing in it correct; On the other hand, Friday is fine with me correct; We, therefore,have to start over incorrect; Judy cannot speak with you because she is busy right now correct; She is a star basketball player, for example correct; Nevertheless, we did well 10 correct; By the way, the snakes have escaped from their cage ■ PAGE 43 incorrect; Maya helped Ed search for his key but could not find it incorrect; We read a poem in English class and then another in history class 58 correct; Julius set a new world record He was disappointed with his performance correct; Thursday was cold Today will be e ven colder incorrect; The dogs slept lazily and woke up only when it was time to eat correct; Paula borrowed a pen from Fred She had forgotten hers correct; I thought the doorbell was broken Someone is ringing it now incorrect; The doctor finished with one patient and immediately went to another incorrect; A scientist should be skilled at math and should be well read 10 correct; This spoon is bent.I can still use it Writer’s Choice: Grammar Reteaching, Grade 12 ■ PAGE 46 Sarah, your homework Do your homework correct Are you listening, Susan? Are you listening? This assignment, class, should be easy for you This assignment should be easy for you Mr Uchida,there is somebody here to see you There is somebody here to see you Answers correct My friend, you not seem well You not seem well Lee,I believe you still have a bad cold I believe you still have a bad cold We thank you, Ms Miller, for the kind donation We thank you for the kind donation 10 correct ■ PAGE 47 incorrect; What I saw last night was unbelievable correct; It was ten minutes late incorrect; When the train will arrive is something I not know correct; He discovered an error incorrect; Whatever Valerie wrote to Steve must have upset him incorrect; Whoever made this cake should be complimented correct; The sailor was asked about his adventures incorrect; The cereal Louis eats for breakfast is very healthful incorrect; How the mountain climber managed to climb that peak is a mystery 10 correct; I am ready ■ PAGE 48 (Note: Students may be able to defend alternative answers, given particular contexts.) important; A man with an urgent message for you is at the door The singer finished her song The trees towered above me important; Luke saw someone who looked like the lost child important; The doctor said that there was little hope unless a donor could be found soon The sidewalk was not well maintained important; Millie hoped to be a medical researcher or a surgeon This poem is entitled “The Raven.” The orange was delicious 10 important; Fill out all of this form except for the last two sections ■ PAGE 49 Look out for the bus! Nathan screamed,“Look out for the bus!” George was here Who wrote, “George was here”? May I help you? The salesperson asked,“May I help you?” When will supper be ready? Who asked, “When will supper be ready?” This test is easy Do you know who said, “This test is easy”? She sells seashells by the seashore Can you say, “She sells seashells by the seashore”? Man the lifeboats! The captain loudly announced, “Man the lifeboats!” Would you like to speak to the chef? The waiter replied, “Would you like to speak to the chef?” I hate snow Why would someone living in Colorado say, “I hate snow”? 10 I have not yet begun to fight Who said,“I have not yet begun to fight”? ■ PAGE 50 10 The Scream A Farewell to Arms Newsweek “She Walks in Beauty”; title of a poem “The Runner”; title of a short story The Weekly Record “The Effects of War”; title of a newspaper article “Amazing Grace”; title of a song Macbeth “Playhouse Memoranda”; title of an essay ■ PAGE 51 10 Whose stereo? Teresa’s Whose wallet? Somebody’s correct Whose cave? The bear’s correct Whose purse? your mother’s Whose essay? Floyd’s Whose mayor? Houston’s correct correct ■ PAGE 52 The coffee table was made of a coarse-grained wood Babe Ruth may be considered the best-known baseball player in history The much-challenged runner was finally outdistanced Please leave a one-inch margin on either side of your paper Her happy-go-lucky attitude makes her a lively and intriguing dancer I am sure that she is a well-meaning individual After a long romp on the lawn,the still-frisky puppy pranced about my feet I believe that the well-informed judge made an appropriate decision We stopped for lunch at an out-of-the-way restaurant 10 correct Writer’s Choice: Grammar Reteaching, Grade 12 59 ... Choice: Grammar Reteaching, Grade 12, Unit 12 15 Grammar Reteaching Name Class Date 12. 3 Gerunds and Gerund Phrases Key Information A gerund is a verb form that ends in -ing... cheese _ Writer’s Choice: Grammar Reteaching, Grade 12, Unit 12 13 Grammar Reteaching Name Class Date 12. 2 Appositives and Appositive Phrases Key... England. _ 14 Writer’s Choice: Grammar Reteaching, Grade 12, Unit 12 Grammar Reteaching Name Class Date 12. 3 Participles and Participial Phrases Key