Phương tiện truyền thông trong kỷ nguyên thông tin (phần 2)

Chuong 4: Co sd cua phuong ti$n truySn thdng 71 Chuong co sd cdfl phctong n|M tr (iy £'n th Ong Phuang tien truyen thong chi hiru dung nao no co mat a khap moi nai Vi the chung ta can mot co sd chung cho phuong tien truyen thong Truyen phat thdng tin khdng chi lam cho chung ta cd the truy nhap moi thu d moi luc moi nai ma lam cho chung ta cd the xir ly du lieu da duoc chon nhung dang huu ich Vi vay, chung ta c£n mot co sd cua phuang tien truyen thdng ma cho phep ngudi tuong tac vdi ban chat cua phuang tien truy6n thdng hoac cung ca'p xa hon nua qua trinh cua phuang tien truyen thdng Mickey Mouse va Mario Brothers noi tieng tren the gidi la nhung ngudi ban cua tre em d nhung thdi ky khac Ngudi ta noi rang Mario Brothers la Mickey Mouse cua thap ky 1990 Diem khac chinh giua chung la Mickey Mouse khdng the tuong tac vdi tre em no chi bieu dien cho chung xem Tuy nhien, tre em lai co the dieu khien Mario Brothers bang cac nhan nhung nut ben phai, lam cho chung an na'm hoac cuu cdng chua tai hoa Vdi anh em nha Mario thi ngudi sir dung cd the tuong tac vdi noi dung ciia phuang tien truyen thdng 72 Phuang tien truySn thdng t y nguyen cdng nghe thdng tin Ben canh viec cho phep chung ta tac dong qua lai vcfi ndi dung cua phuong tien truyen thong thi co so ciia phuang tien truyen thong cung cung cap nhung qua trinh xir ly ciia phuong tien truyen thong Mot lan tac gia den xem mot thiet bi Sony, nguoi phuc vu da moi tac gia chon mdt ddng v$t lam nen cho tac gia chup hinh Tac gia chon mdt hd Sau burc anh da duoc hoan thi tren t&rn anh that sir la co mdt hd dang nghi ngoi tren vai tac gia Nhung ky su da sir dung ky thuat may tinh de ghep hai hinh anh khac va tao nen mot hinh anh moi May tinh - Thiet bj dau cuoi cua phiftftig tien truyen thong Trudc may tinh ca nhan (PC) dugc phat minh thi chi co mot vai giao su tren the gioi sir dung may tinh; cong chung tham chi ft truy nhap vao cac co so ciia phuong tien truyen thong Ban dau, viec nghien ctru may tinh nham muc dich dd san xuat nhung chiec may tinh ca nhan re hon nhung cuoi ciing may tinh ca nhan tro thiet bi dau cuoi ciia phuong tien truyen thong Nhung chiec may tmh phd bien nhat va thu$n loi nhat co the du tru, thuc hien va truyen phuong tien truyen thong: van ban, hoa, gigng noi, am nhac, hinh hoa va video Chiec may tmh ca nhan dau tien dugc phat minh vao nam 1978 Ke tir thi no da dugc n£ng cap voi cac thiet bi bao g6m mot chie'c may tinh bo tui mot bo xir ly d u lieu, mot phuong tien luu giu va mot man hinh video May tinh xach tay dugc phat minh vao nam 1988 No co lgi the hon may tinh van phong d ch6 nguoi sir dung co the m ang no Chuong 4: C a sd cCia phuang ti$n truySn thdng 73 di khap moi noi Vdi d£y du linh kien thi tham chi no co the truy cap va xir ly ba't ky mot phuong tien truySn thong nao d dau va vao thdi gian nao May tmh xach tay cang trd nen quan hon Nhung nha phan ti'ch cdng nghifip may tmh nhan dinh rang sd luong may tinh xach tay duoc san xuat se vucft xa sd luong m ay tmh van phong vong nam Vdi sir nghien cuu khdng ngung ve ky thuat may tfnh va giao dien su dung, sir phat trien cac chuc nang cua may tinh cang duoc cai tien Nhung chu’c nang cua may tmh thay doi tu xu ly d u lieu don gian den nhirng chuc nang da phuong tien nhu Trong luc do, cac chric nang cua phan mem cang manh me hon thi viec san xuat phuong tien truyen thdng trd nen d ! dang hon va gia ca cung re hon Ngudi ta danh gia rang da phuong tien se trd nen rat quan ddi vdi sir bieu lo va giao tiep cua ngudi thdi gian 10 nam Nam 1998 co the coi la nam dau tien cua may tfnh ca nhan da phuong tien, thdi diem ma su phat trien cua may tmh da phuong tien la rat dang ke May tmh da phuong tien su dung sir tuong tac giua may tfnh va ngudi su dung de: ti'ch hop vao phuong tien truyen thdng, dd dap ung muc dich cua truyen thdng tin Ke tir dd, may tfnh ca nhan tro co sd cua da phuong tien Thdng qua modem, dudng dien thoai va may phuc vu (server) thi chung ta cd the truy cap bat ky mot du lieu nao tren W W W , lam cho may tfnh tro mot thiet bi dau cudi thdng minh tren mang Chung ta khdng chi cd the xem tin tuc cua CNN tren mang ma cung cd the’ vao cac website de’ kiem tra cac 74 P h uang tien truyen thdng ky nguyen cdng n g h i thdng tin vd kich g^n day nhat Hoac chung ta co th£ nghe nhirng album nhac moi, danh gia cac video ca nhac va quang cao am nhac cua chinh chung ta Nhu mot sir lira chon, chung ta co the gia nhap nhung tro choi tren may tinh nhu Doom Tham chi chung ta co the giong nhu Hosaka Naoki va Sakai Maki nhurng vo kich cua Nhat Ban Hito Natsu No Pu Ro Po Zu (theo dung nghia den la Loi d6 nghi mua he), nuoi nhurng vat tren may tmh, trao ddi nhung vat va tham chi ket chung mot doi May tinh da phuong tien co the su dung phuong tien truyen thong cung mot luc de giao tiep va co the de dang luu giu, chep, chon loc, sap xep lai va truyen t&'t ca cac loai cua noi dung truyen thong Hon the nua, nguoi su dung co the tac dong qua lai voi may tinh de: sir dung tat ca cac thiet bi Do la nhurng may tfnh co the thuc hien cac chuong trinh khac theo sir gia nhap va dap lai cua nguoi sir dung thay vao viec chay mot cach cung nhac cac chuong trinh tu dau cho den cuoi Hon nura ngudi su dung cd the di chuydn giua cac du lieu thdng qua su ket noi sieu van ban, thay vao viec doc mot cach lien tiep Viec tim kiem va xu ly du lieu nhanh hon va chmh xac hon rat nhieu Chung ta co the du kien trudc mot ky nguyen mdi noi ma may tmh xach tay da phuong tien va mang vidn thdng bang rong khdng day se tro nhung san phaim tuong lai thdi kv truyen thdng Didu phu thuoc vao kha nang ciia no dd luu giu, truyen va xir ly tat ca cac loai ciia phuong tien truydn thdng Vi the bat ky mot cung cd the truy cap mot cai gi va xir ly no o bat ky mot dang duoc uu tien vao thdi didm nao va d dau May tinh xach tay da phuong tien va mang vidn thdng bang rong khdng day se la cau tra ldi tuong lai cho su phat tridn cua Chuong 4: Co sd cua phuong tien truyen thdng 75 phuang tien truydn thong Mac du may tfnh xach tay nho hon m ay tinh van phong nhung am luong va luong cua no van bat tien Vi the may tfnh truydn thong khong day da phuong tien xach tay, mot loai cua thiet bj h6 tra so ca nhan (PDA), dugc sang che No co the nhan phuong tien truydn thong, no nho hon va dd di chuyen han Nhung dac diem cua PDA bao g6m gia ca thap hon, tieu thu nang lugng ft hon, kich co nho hon va su dung don gian Vdi PDA chung ta khong can dien thoai, giay, may fax, hop thu thoai va thu dien tu cho giao tiep nua PDA co nhung chuc nang c a ban cua may tinh binh thudng nhung no lai d i sir dung han nhieu Bang viec an nhe vao bang dieu khien voi mot chiec but la chung ta co the chon nhung cau lenh hoac viet mot cach true tiep May co the nhan chu viet tay ciia nguoi va bien doi no vao phong chu may tinh tren bang dieu khien No co the dugc coi la mot may tinh nho Dugc trang bi vdi mot chiec modem khong day, no co the giri du lieu den mot cai may fax dac biet thong qua song dien khong day Phuang phap giong nhu vay cung co the dugc sir dung bdi nguoi sir dung PDA de noi chuyen true tuyen Hon nua, ben canh viec truyen va nhan thu dien tir hoac thu thoai o bat ky luc nao va a dau thi no cung co the’ dugc sir dung nhu la mot trang giay Su sang che PDA lam cho no trd nen can thiet doi vdi cac thu ky de nang cao trinh boi vi khdng dd ddi vdi PDA dd tao ldi Khi da len lich bidu thi no se lam viec theo sir sap xep Con gi nua no cd the chuyen qua lai va cd gia tri vong 24 gid mot Nhu the' thi no co the lay mat phan ldn cdng viec ciia mot thu ky, bat buoc cac thu ky phai nghi nhung cdng viec khac 76 Phuang tien truy&n thdng ky nguy6n cdng ngh£ thdng tin Nhu vay, no khong co dac diem dac biet nao Vai didm giong nhu dien thoai di dong va duoc trang bi phan Ion voi cac chuc nang giao tiep Nhung diem khac thi gidng nhu cudn tu didn dien tir voi nhung chuc nang giong nhu d may tinh xach tay Theo nhu tieu chuain ciia PDA da chuc nang tuong lai thi no co the la mot he thdng tat ca mdt hoac mdt he thdng ndn tang vdi pham vi md rong hay khdng? Didu nav chua duoc khSng dinh Ba giai phap tuung lai Tir quan diem ciia truydn ba thong tin thi bat chap PDA phat trien nhu the nao, the gidi tuong lai ciia chung ta chi can ba didu de dap irng nhu cau ciia thuan loi va toe Ba giai phap tuong lai la mang truydn thdng bang rong khdng day, may ti'nh xach tay da phuong tien va may tinh truydn thdng khdng day da phuong tien cam tay (mot dang ciia PDA khdng day) Dieu se lam cho bat ky mot cung cd the nhan duoc thdng tin can thiet va xir ly no o bat ky cach nao vao thdi gian nao va o dau - day la mot co so ciia phuong tien truyen thdng Chuong Phuong ti&n truyen thdng tuong lai 77 Chirong PHUONG TI$N TRUYEN THONG TtfONG Lfll Phuong tien truydn thong tuong lai la phat trien ve cong nghe, tang so luong phuong tien truyen thong, co the duoc nguoi su dung dd giao tiep va mo rong ky nang cua minh Sau phuong tien truyen thong va tat ca cac loai cua phuong tien truyen thong luu giu truydn phat thong tin va nhung co so xu ly da duoc de cap nhurng chuong trudc thuoc ve pham vi hinh anh va am Tuy nhien su nhan thuc cua chung ta ve the gioi vat chat ben ngoai la khong bi gioi han hinh anh va am Vi the, cai co the duoc tim kiem tuong lai la nhung giac quan khac cua ngudi nhu khuu giac, vi giac va xuc giac Midn la phuong tien truydn thdng luu giu thich hop va cac co sd cua phuang tien truyen thdng duoc phat trien de cho phep chung ta nhan, ti'ch trur va xir lv phuong tien thdng tin mot cach tuv v, vdi su giup dd cua kv thuat chung ta cd thd sang tao nhung didu co ve nhu khdng the thuc hien duoc nhu di bo khdng gian va tham dd trung tam cua trai dat Strtirdng ti/dng va thirc te Cuoc dua o to thuc sir dien d Las Vegas Nhung nsudi tham du deo mot chiec mu sat va mot chiec mat na sau ngoi 78 Phuang tien truyen thdng ky nguyen cdng nghe thdng tin vao mot chiec o to dua thong thudng Ben cua chiec mu sat bi bit km va nhurng ngudi tham gia tir tim kiem dudng di s&n sang tang toe Vao thdi diem ngudi lai xe nhan chan ga, hao hurc muon bat dau Khi cd xanh duoc xudng chiec o to dat toe nhu la mot mui ten ban tir cai cung, chuyen dong rit len am am o phfa xa Trudc muc tieu ben ngoai cua s6 co the dirge nhan thi ho da san sang bd xa phia dang sau Chiec xe rung len khdng kiem soat lai roi sau dd bat thinh linh mot cho ngoat bat ngd hau nhu dfiy chiec xe dam vao hang rao chan Do la mot yeu cau ket thuc Nguoi lai xe giat manh tay lai va cho chiec o to trd lai dudng Tim ciia dap nhanh hon to'c ciia chiec xe Van su hoang loan nhin thay mdt chiec xe guong nhin sau Hoi tho don dap, van giu chan tren chan ga Dau may tao tieng dong am T va cai chan bun toa hoi nong Phai mat rat nhieu nang lugng de tong khur chiec xe d dang sau Tuy nhien cd mot chiec khac d dang trudc, nam trudc dau xe De tranh dam vao no, ngudi lai xe giat manh tay lai 180° sang ben canh nhung da qua muon Va cham d tdc dd cao chiec xe tung len mot vai lan Co the ngudi lai xe va vao canh cua va cd cua cd cam giac nhu la b; kep chat Anh ta tho mot cach that kho khan Chiec xe dudng nhu bat dau bung chay Mac du n6i dau tot cung ngudi lai xe cam thay dang an toan va khoe manh chiec xe Lieu ky thuat cua da du tot c hu a cd the chien thang cuoc choi quay trd lai vach dich giua su cd vu nong nhiet Ben canh cuoc dua xe o to d cd khoa huan luyen danh tran gia Hoan canh duoc tao nhu thuc te va su hudng irng da Chuong 5: Phuong ti6n truySn thOng tuong lai 79 dugc cung c£p, do tiet kidm gia ca t6 churc thuc su cung nhu la tranh su nguy hiem cua nhung tai nan khong the tranh dugc De tai tao nhung hoan canh thuc thi can dua nhung cach khac cho nguoi de tao su cam nhan vd moi trudng la de thu hut nhung giac quan khac cua nguoi nhu la khuru giac, vi giac va xuc giac Trong luc thi su tac dong voi nguoi sir dung cudi cung cung phai dugc tao Tucmg lai ciia su phat trien phuong tien truyen thdng la phai tang so lugng phuong tien truydn thdng ma chung ta cd the sir dung de giao tiep PhUdng tien truyen thong tuong lai Phuong tien truyen thdng tuong lai bao gom thuc te ao, mdi trudng khuru giac, mdi trudng vi giac va mdi trudng xuc giac Chung ta se thao luan xem chung hoat dong nhu the nao va thuc hien nhung chuc nang gi 2.1 Thuc te ao (VR) Trong bo phim “ Khoang khdng ben trong”, cac nhan vat cd the thu minh lai va nen co thd ngudi, len qua cac mach mau Ion va nho Tir cd hong den thuc quan, ho cd thd xem cac te bao mau trdi qua mdt cach nhanh chong, chuyen dong tu he tuan hoan phuc tap va tien den tat ca cac phan ciia co the ngudi Vai nam trudc day nhung didu chi thuoc ve the gidi ciia phim khoa hoc vidn tuong Tuy nhien nhd vao kv thuat thuc te ao, cac bac sT giai ph^u bay gid co the tim kiem cac mach mau (rong co the ngudi tir hinh anh ciia mot te bao mau xem qua, kiem tra va dua cach didu tri thich hop 80 Phuong lien truyen thdng ky nguy&n cdng ngh6 thdng tin Nhir chi'nh cai ten cua no ggi ra, thuc te ao su dung m ay tinh de tao mot khong gian ba chidu gia Bang viec su dung ky thuat may tinh tien tien, thuc te ao cho phep cac giac quan nghe, nhin, sd ciia chung ta tuong tac vdi may tinh Bang viec cung caip cac hinh anh va am thuc thi no cung cap cho ngudi giac quan ciia “su t6n tai d dd” De’ vao the gidi thuc te ao, thiet bi phan curng duoc yeu cau bao gdm mot man hinh chup hoac ki'nh 3-D Thiet bi lam cho ngudi sir dung cd thd cam nhan sir chuyen dong nhan cau va thay doi cau true cho phii hop, danh lira ngudi sir dung bang y nghi ho dang d mdt mdi trudng thuc cung cd mdt card am kv thuat cao de xir ly am va cd the md phong tat ca cac loai am cd the gidi thuc Vi du mot chiec o to di qua chiing ta cd the nghe thay am ciia dong co dan dan trd nen to hon Hon the nua d dd cd nhung chiec gang tay dien hoac trang phuc ky thuat so de nhay cam vdi sir tiep xuc n h im phat hien su chuyen dong cua ngudi sir dung va vay se dua sir dap irng thich hop va md phong cam giac ciia su tiep xuc va sir tuong tac vat chat Bang viec su dung nhung thiet bi dac biet, ngudi su dung cd the bi cd dinh vao the gidi ao 3-D duoc tao boi may tinh May tinh tao tir viec cung cap hai chieu ciia van ban hoa, giong noi, am nhac va video den viec cung cap khoang khdng 3-D Cuoc song the ky 21 se trd nen lv thu nhd \a o su phd bien ciia he thong thuc te ao Nhung cach ma ngudi giao tiep se thay doi va se khdng bi han che chi vdi sau phuong -n truyen thdng nira 108 Phuong tiin truyin thdng t y n g u y in cdng n g h i thdng tin 1.4 Dia cdng, CD-ROM/RAM, DVD-ROM/RAM Phuong tien truyen thong liru giur cua phan mem va dur lieu may tmh bao g6m FD C D -R O M /R A M va DV D -RO M /RA M DTa CD voi bo nhd chi doc hoac bo nhd truy nhap ngau nhien dugc biet nhu la CD-ROM va C D -RAM mot cach riene le DVD vdi nhung churc nang nhu dugc biet nhu la DVD-ROM va DVD-RAM Nhurng thiet bi co the ghi lai va luu giu vai phuong tien truven thong bao gom van ban hoa, giong noi, am nhac, hinh hoa va video Churc nang chinh cua chung la de cung cap thong tin, vdi mot muc dich thur hai cung cap sir hieu biet va giai tri Nhurng ngudi su dung co the doc noi dung cua nhurng chiec dia su dung phan mem may tinh tuong tac Trong tuong lai phuong tien truyen thong luu giur theo xu hudng se la D V D -RO M /RA M bdi vi dung lugng ciia no ldn hon CD -R O M /R A M no co the dugc doc va viet lap di lap lai nhieu lan va chat lugng cung se tot hon Tirdng lai cua cac ky thuat truyen phat thong tin Bay gid chung ta se thao luan sir phat tridn co the du bao trudc ciia ky thuat truyen phat thong tin ma bao gom loai: bao tap chi', dai truvdn hinh va mang Internet 2.1 Bao chi' Bao chi' ghi lai thong tin ciia van ban va hoa tren giay Chuc nang chinh cua no la de cung cap thdng tin va iru diem cua no la ban co the doc no tham chi' ban dang c h u \e n dong Tu\ nhien vdi cong nghe thi uu diem cua no de bi tha\ the Chuong 7: Tuong lai cOa t y th u it truyin thdng 107 boi ctie thidt hi truv6n phdt khde Didn thoai di dOng vti may nhan tin nhan van ban va hoa se cung cap nhung churc nang tuong tu tuong lai Dien thoai di dong va may nhi\n tin co kha nang truydn tai van ban va hoa, co the cung cap bA't ky mot thong tin nao vao thdi diem nao va truyen phat thong tin rat nhanh chong Dien thoai di dong, duoc bo sung bang PDA, cho phep chung ta nhan duoc true tuyen bat ky thdi gian nao va tim kiem tin lire mdi nhat Hon the nua may nhan tin hay dien thoai di dong co the di chuyen duoc va nho be tham chi' neu mot thiet bi thu nhan khac, nhu PDA, duoc them vao Mot nhung nhuoc diem ciia bao chi' la dung luong ciia no co han Tuy nhien nhung the bo nhd co mot dung luong ldn ddi vdi thong tin Ben canh do, viec nhan thong tin qua mang Internet tao viec sir dung sieu lien ket ma cho phep ngudi sir dung nhan duoc true tuyen vao bat ky thdi gian nao de tim kiem bat ky mot cai gi ho can Neu ban thich thu vdi nhung tin turc giai tri thi ban co the true tiep chon muc giai tri ma khong can phai ludt qua tat ca cac trang ciia mot td bao Hon the nura tham chi' ban co the goi lai nhung thong tin co lien quan qua sieu lien ket Co rat nhieu gidi han, bao chi co the duoc xem la mot ky thuat dd bi tan cong nhat cac phuong tien truyen phat thong tin bat chap lich sir lau ddi ciia no Ben canh uu diem dau tien ciia ntS la dd dang bi mat dan Vi the tam quan cua bao chi' se bi anh hudng tuong lai co the du doan trudc 108 Phuang tien truyen thdng ky nguyen cdng ngh£ thdng tin 2.2 Tap chi Tap chi' la mot phuang tien truyen thdng chuyen nganh dap umg yeu cau cua chung ta ve thong tin, giai tri kien thuc va tri thurc Giong nhu bao chi', no ghi lai van ban va hoa tren giay no duoc xuat ban mot cach dinh ky va de mang di khap noi Tuy nhien su khiic biet chinh giua loai la tap chi' chuyen ve nhung nganh dac biet bao chi' chi tap trung vao viec thong bao thong tin Xu huong phat trien tuong lai cua tap chi hoan toan giong nhu doi voi nhung cuon sach Sir khac biet chinh giua chung la nhurng to tap chi trudc day tap trung vao cac chuyen nganh sau lai tap trung vao cac chu de Lay chat ban dan lam mot vi du mot tap chi' co the mo ta mot cach dinh ky bat cur mot thong tin nao hay mot bai bao nao co lien quan den chat ban dan nhu la mot phan noi dung cua no Tuy nhien mot cuon sach chat ban dan se thao luan rieng re nhung khi'a canh cua chat ban dan 2.3 Dai phat Muc dich dau tien cua dai phat la cung cap thong tin va giai tri qua giong noi va am nhac duoc truydn tren song vo tuyen dien Vdi cac thiet bi phu hop thi bat ky mot loai thong diep nao cung co the duoc nhan vao bat kv mot thdi didm nao va d bat ky dau Dung luong hien cua phat quang ba bi gidi han vdi giong noi va am nhac Nhung tuong lai phuong tien truyen thong cua van ban hoa, giong noi va am nhac cd the duoc cung cap cung mot luc May thu sau se la FDA vdi chuc nang cua dai phat Chuong 7: Tuong lai cua ky thudt truydn thdng 109 2.4 Truyen hinh Truyen hinh tap trung phan ldn vao viec cung cap thong tin va giai tri cho cong dong, vdi viec cung ca'p kien thuc va tri thurc nhir la mot nhiem vu thu hai No truyen phuang tien truydn thong su dung ca phuang phap khong day va co day va la mot xu hudng cua phuang tien truydn thong Mot net dac biet la nhung ngudi xem phai nhan cac chuong trinh d nhung noi cd dinh Ben canh do, thdi gian chieu va noi dung cua nhung chuong trinh duoc sap xep lich bdi cac dai truyen hinh Trong tuong lai, cac dai truyen hinh se phat trien cac dich vu video theo yeu cau (VOD) ma co the lam cho chung ta tu lua chon cac chuong trinh chung ta muon xem Didu co nghTa la bat ky ngudi nao co the chon bat cu mot chuong trinh nao vao bat ky thdi gian nao va d bat ky dau 2.5 Mang Internet Loai thu cua ky thuat truydn phat thong tin, Internet, phan ldn cung cap thong tin va kien thuc, vdi viec dap ung nhung yeu cau cua chung ta cho giai tri va tri thurc nhu la chuc nang thur hai Hien nay, m ang Internet phu thuoc vao truyen phat co da\ ghi lai phuong tien truyen thong cua van ban, hoa giong noi, am nhac va hinh hoa Vdi su xuat hien cua mang Internet bang rong thi video cung co the duoc cung cap Mang Internet bang rong d mot giai doan thi nghiem d Dai Loan Trong tuong lai khong xa, vdi nhieu ngirdi sir dung Phjong tiQa truyin thin g ty nguyen cdng n g h i thdng tm 110 Internet, mang Internet bang rdng se sdtn de doa c ic ky thuit truydn phat thdng tin khac bai vi no co the truyen tit ca phuong tien tru>in th6ng va co the cung cap cac chuc nAng nhu thu h6i thong tin, giao tiep iing hd cac hoat ddng kinh te va giai tri St/hoi tu cua cac ky thuat truyen thong Mdt vai phuong tien truyen thdng luu giu hay cac thiet bi tru\ d in d in viec sir dung rdng rai cac phuong tien tru>in thdng luu giu ma liu c iu ddi vdi c ic phuong tiin tru>in thdng cung cang tang Chuong 7: Tuong lai cCia t y thu$t truyin thdng 111 Trong quA khur, chung ta cd the dgi cac thdng tin mdi nhA't tir cac bAo bu