Phương tiện truyền thông trong kỹ nguyên công nghệ thông tin

Phuong tien tmyen thong kg ngugen rang nghe thong Ban goc tieng Anh: Sayling Wen Future of the M edia Making sense of the IT Era ASIAPAC, Singapore - 1999 SAYLING WEN Phuong tien truyen thong ky nguyen cong nghe thong tin BIEN D|CH: BUI DL/C KHANH TRAN THj THU HIEN NHA XUAT BAN B JU DIEN Ha Noi, thang 12 - 2002 N g a y nay, ky thudt va cong nghe phat trien rat nhanh chong moi Imh vtfc S u hoi tu cua vien thong, cong nghe thong tin va truyen thong cang ro net, gop phan quan vao s u pliat trien chung cua xa hoi Phuong tien truyen thong d d tra cong cu giao tiep khong the thie'u ducfc cua ngtftri Si/ phat trien cua no gchi lien vdi qua trinh tien hoa va su phat trien cua xa hoi loai ngitcfi De dap i(ng nhu cau tim hieu ve truyen thong noi chung va phuc/ng tien truyen thong noi rieng, N xuat ban Bifu dien xuat ban cuon sach "Phuong tien truyen thong ky nguyen cong nghe thong tin" N oi dung cuon sach de cap nhifng khdi niem ve phuong tien truyen thong qua khu, hien tqi va tucmg lai; s u ket hap giua cong nghe va phuong tien truyen thong d&i song ngUcfi; mo td chi tiet ve phuong tien Itfu giu, cdch thuc truyen phat thong tin va tucmg lai cua Imh vi/c truyen thong va phuong tien truyen thong Cuon sach khong di sdu ve ly thuyet cdng nhu ky thudt nid chi di'mg lai nhung khdi niem, y tuong, d u bao tucmg lai cua phuong tien truyen thong nen de hieu, hap dan va rat phi) hop voi dong dao ban doc lira tuoi thie'u nien, hoc sinh, sinh vien; can bo, cong nhdn vien N gdnh va nhifng doc gid quan turn toi Im h vuc H y vong cuon sach se giup ich cho nhieu ban doc.I N H A XUAT B A N BUU D IEN C hi/ong 1: Phuong ti&n truyen thdng: C6ng cu giao tiep cua ngudi Chuong1 PHUONG Tl£N TRUY&1 THONG: cOng eg qiao t i£p cdn ngo Oi Giao tiep rat quan doi vdi su ton tai cua ngudi A-ri-xtot, mot nha triet hoc Hy Lap, da noi: “Con ngudi la mot dong vat xa hoi” Tir “xa hoi” co nghia la giua nhung nguai co sir giao tiep vdi Vi the de giao tiep thi ngudi can co mot phuong tien truyen thong (media) hieu qua Mot tac gia viet truyen tranh da co l^n ve mot buc tranh vui ve mot ngudi nguyen thuy gap mot voi Sau quay trd ve hang thi muon ke voi ngudi ban th&n cua minh v6 loai vat ma da nhin thay nhu the nao Mac du co gdng mieu ta bang chfnh nhirng cu chi khoa chan m ua tay cua minh nhung ngudi ban cua anh ay vdn khong the hieu loai vat m a da nhin thay n hu the nao Day la d khong co mot phuong tien giao tiep hieu qua giua ho Phuong tien truyen thdng ma chung ta su dung de giao tiep co the duoc phan loai van ban (text), hoa (graphics), giong noi (voice), am nhac (music), hinh hoa (animation) va video Dudi day chung ta se minh hoa nhung dac diem va su ung dung cua phuong tien truyen thdng Phuong ti&n truyen thdng ky nguy&n cdng nghG thdng tin Noi mot cach van tat thi phuong tien truyen thong la mot cong cu giao tiep cua ngudi Chung ta giao tiep thong qua loai phuong tien truyen thong - van ban, d6 hoa, giong noi, am nhac, hinh hoa va video Trong noi dung cuon sach chung ta se de cap den su phat tritin cua mdi loai theo trinh tir sau: giong noi, d6 hoa, am nhac, hinh hoa va video Giong noi Trudc ngon ngu va van ban ddi, nguai da bat dau d iln dat y nghla bang he thong giao tiep khong ngon ngu nhu la so, ngiri va nhin Phuong thuc giao tiep bao gom timg loai cu dong cua co th6 nhu cu chi tay, net mat hay hanh dong No cung bao gom nhung bieu tuang nhu dau hieu cua lira hay bien quang cao Ben canh do, ngudi cung giao tiep bang nhung ky hieu phat am tho so co lien quan den ngon ngu nhu la cudi, khoc hay het Trong bo phim Tarzan, nhan vat chinh Tarzan giao tiep vdi nhung dong vat bang giong noi cua De trieu tap muong Chuang 1: Phuong ti&n truySn th in g : COng cu giao ti&p cua ngudi thu rimg, anh a'y chi het lgn, “ph-yee-oh-yee-ohhh ” , va tat ca nhung vat se tu tap trudc mat anh a'y choc lat Tren man hinh, Tarzan giao tiep voi dong vat bang tieng Anh Tuy nhien, tren thuc te phai nhap vai la giao tiep voi ddng vat bang “ ng6n ngu cua dong vat” ma co the duoc coi nhu la mdt phuong tien phat am don gian va tho so, vi du nhu tieng chim hot hay tieng cho siia Con ngudi cung sir dung giong noi cua ho de truySn thong diep Tieng cudi co the d iln ta niem vui tieng khoc lai didn ta n6i budn hay su lo so Nhung nhung thdng diep duoc truyen theo cach di6n dat khdng ngon ngu bi gidi han Khi ljch su loai ngudi phat trien thi ngon ngu thay the nhung tieng het, cu chi tho so va cac dau hieu tuong trung nhung qua trinh tien trien tir giong noi den ngon ngu la rat cham Theo nhung tai lieu lich sir duoc luu giu thi ngon ngu Sumerian xuat hien vao khoang giua nhung nam 4000 den 3500 trudc Cong nguyen Ngudi Trung Quoc da khdng sir dung ngon ngu cho den tan nam 2000 trudc Cong nguyen Dau thi ngon ngu cua ho d thdi diem cung da phat trien manh me rdi Ngon ngir la mot ky hieu phat am co he thdng; no khdng chi di6n ta nhung thdng diep don gian ma giup ngudi hieu duoc nhung khai niem triru tuong Ngon ngu lam cho viec giao tiep trd nen d6 dang hon, truySn dat duoc nhieu thdng diep phuc tap hon va co the truyen ba rong rai ma khdng bi gidi han bdi khdng gian va thdi gian Ngay nay, chung ta sir dung ngon ngu nhu mot phuong tien giao tiep Vi du, mot tieng coi bao dong vdi h6i dai va hoi P h uong tien tru y e n thdng ky nguyen cOng nghe thdng tin 10 ngan co nghTa la "quan dich dang d day, hay den cuu vien” Trong trudng hoc, tieng chuong yeu thfch cua lu tre bao rang buoi hoc da ket thuc va chung co the’ choi Do chi la vi du v£; viec ngudi su dung am nhu mot phuong tien truyen thong de tac dong va tien hanh nhurng hoat dong cua minh Do hoa Trudc van ban ddi thi mot phuong tien giao tiep quan khac la hoa Trong so nhiin th6ng va co the cung cap cac chuc nAng nhu thu h6i thong tin, giao tiep iing hd cac hoat ddng kinh te va giai tri St/hoi tu cua cac ky thuat truyen thong Mdt vai phuong tien truyen thdng luu giu hay cac thiet bi tru\ d in d in viec sir dung rdng rai cac phuong tien tru>in thdng luu giu ma liu c iu ddi vdi c ic phuong tiin tru>in thdng cung cang tang Chuong 7: Tuong lai cCia t y thu$t truyin thdng 111 Trong quA khur, chung ta cd the dgi cac thdng tin mdi nhA't tir cac bAo bu