Encyclopedic Dictionary of International Finance and Banking Jae K Shim Michael Constas St Lucie Press Boca Raton London New York Washington, D.C Encyclopedic Dictionary of International Finance and Banking Jae K Shim Michael Constas St Lucie Press Boca Raton London New York Washington, D.C Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Shim, Jae K Encyclopedic dictionary of international finance and banking / Jae K Shim and Michael Constas p cm ISBN 1-57444-291-0 (alk paper) International finance—Encyclopedias Banks and banking, International—Encylopedias International economic relations—Encyclopedias I Constas, Michael, 1952 II Title HG3880 S55 2001 332′.042′068—dc21 2001001297 This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources Reprinted material is quoted with permission, and sources are indicated A wide variety of references are listed Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and the publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or for the consequences of their use Neither this book nor any part may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publisher The consent of CRC Press LLC does not extend to copying for general distribution, for promotion, for creating new works, or for resale Specific permission must be obtained in writing from CRC Press LLC for such copying Direct all inquiries to CRC Press LLC, 2000 N.W Corporate Blvd., Boca Raton, Florida 33431 Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation, without intent to infringe Visit the CRC Press Web site at www.crcpress.com © 2001 by CRC Press LLC St Lucie Press is an imprint of CRC Press LLC No claim to original U.S Government works International Standard Book Number 1-57444-291-0 Library of Congress Card Number 2001001297 Printed in the United States of America Printed on acid-free paper PREFACE WHAT THIS BOOK WILL DO FOR YOU The Encyclopedic Dictionary of International Finance and Banking is written and compiled for working professionals engaged in the fields of international finance, global trade, foreign investments, and banking It may be used for day-to-day practice and for technical research The Encyclopedic Dictionary is a practical reference of proven techniques, strategies, and approaches that are successfully used by professionals to diagnose multinational finance and banking problems The book covers virtually all important topics dealing with multinational business finance, investments, financial planning, financial economics, and banking It also covers such topics as computers, quantitative techniques and models, and economics as applied to international finance and banking The Encyclopedic Dictionary will benefit practicing financial analysts, CFOs, controllers, financial managers, treasurers, money managers, fund managers, investment analysts, and professional bankers, among others The subjects are explained with • • • • • Clear definitions and explanations, including step-by-step instructions Exhibits and statistical data, as needed Charts, exhibits, and diagrams, where appropriate Checklists Practical applications The Encyclopedic Dictionary will enlighten the practitioner by presenting the most current information, offering important directives, and explaining the technical procedures involved in the aforementioned dynamic business disciplines This reference book will help you diagnose and evaluate financial situations faced daily This library of international finance and banking will answer nearly every question you may have Real-life examples are provided, along with suggestions for handling everyday problems The Encyclopedic Dictionary applies to large, medium, or small multinational companies It will help you to make smart decisions in all areas of international finance and banking It should be used as an advanced guide for working professionals, rather than as a reference guide for laymen or a glossary of international finance and banking terms The Encyclopedic Dictionary is a handy reference for today’s busy financial executive It is a working guide to help you quickly pinpoint • • • • • What to look for How to it What to watch out for How to apply it in the complex world of business What to You will find ratios, formulas, examples, applications, exhibits, charts, and rules of thumb to help you analyze and evaluate any business-related situation New, up-to-date methods and techniques are included Throughout, you will find this Encyclopedic Dictionary practical, comprehensive, quick, and useful In short, this is a veritable cookbook of guidelines, illustrations, and how-to’s for you, the modern decision maker The uses of this handbook are as varied as the topics presented Keep it handy for easy reference throughout your busy day There are approximately 570 major topics in international finance, banking, and investments covered in the Encyclopedic Dictionary, as well as numerous related entries Where appropriate, there is a cross-reference to another entry to explain the topic in greater detail The entries are listed in alphabetical order for easy reference There are approximately 120 examples and 110 exhibits to help explain the material The Encyclopedic Dictionary is so comprehensive that almost any subject area of interest to financial executives, as well as other interested parties, can be found ABOUT THE AUTHORS Jae K Shim, Ph.D., is Professor of Business at California State University, Long Beach He received his M.B.A and Ph.D degrees from the University of California at Berkeley (Haas School of Business) He is also Chief Financial Officer (CFO) of a Los Angeles–based multinational firm Dr Shim is a coauthor of Encyclopedic Dictionary of Accounting and Finance; Handbook of Financial Analysis, Forecasting, and Modeling; Managerial Accounting; Financial Management; Strategic Business Forecasting; Barron’s Accounting Handbook; Financial Accounting; The Vest-Pocket CPA; The Vest-Pocket CFO, and the best selling Vest-Pocket MBA Dr Shim has 45 other professional and college books to his credit Dr Shim has also published numerous refereed articles in such journals as Financial Management, Advances in Accounting, Corporate Controller, The CPA Journal, CMA Magazine, Management Accounting, Econometrica, Decision Sciences, Management Science, Long Range Planning, OMEGA, Journal of Operational Research Society, Journal of Business Forecasting, and Journal of Systems Management He was a recipient of the 1982 Credit Research Foundation Outstanding Paper Award for his article on financial management Michael Constas, Ph.D., J.D., is a Professor of Business at California State University, Long Beach Before teaching, he was a partner in a major California law firm Dr Constas received his Ph.D., J.D., and M.B.A from U.C.L.A He has published numerous articles in the area of investments in academic and professional journals He is a coauthor of The International Investment Source Book (with Dr Shim) Dr Constas is an author of Private Real Estate Syndications, which is part of the collections at the libraries of our nation’s leading universities NOTES AND ABBREVIATIONS KEY NOTES This book has the following features: • Plenty of examples and illustrations • Useful strategies and checklists • Ample number of exhibits (tables, figures, and graphs) Foreign exchange rate quotations—direct or indirect—may confuse some readers Indirect quotes are used more widely in examples throughout the book Selling forward means “buy a forward contract to sell a given currency,” and buying forward means “buy a forward contract to buy a given currency.” As a matter of terminology, selling forward or buying forward could mean the same transaction For example, a contract to deliver dollars for British pounds in 180 days might be referred to as selling dollars forward for pounds or buying pounds forward for dollars ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THIS TEXT A$ £ C$ DM € FFr IRS ¥ LC MNC SFr ¢ $ U.S.$ Australian Dollar British Pound Canadian Dollar Deutsche Mark Euro French Franc Internal Revenue Service Japanese Yen Local Currency Multinational Corporation Swiss Franc U.S cent U.S Dollar U.S Dollar CHICAGO MERCANTILE EXCHANGE Commodity Size French Francs 500,000 French Francs French Francs Options Hours* Months RTH: 7:20 Mar, Jun, a.m.–2:00 Sep, Dec p.m (9:16 GLOBEX 2: a.m.)^ First six GLOBEX2: March quarterly 2:30 p.m.– months 7:05 a.m Next day Mon–Thurs 5:30p.m.– 7:05 a.m Sun RTH: 7:20 a.m Quarterly –2:00 p.m serial (2:00 p.m.)^ months & GLOBEX2: weekly expiration 2:30 p.m options + –7:05 a.m Next day Mon–Thurs 5:30 p.m.– 7:05 a.m Sun Japanese Yen RTH: 7:20 12,500,000 a.m.–2:00 Japanese Yen p.m (9:16 a.m.)^ GLOBEX2: 2:30 p.m –7:05 a.m Mon–Thurs 5:30 p.m –7:05 a.m Sun Mar, Jun, Sep, Dec GLOBEX2: First six March quarterly months 309 Codes Clr/Tick Minimum Fluctuation in Price Limit Strike Price Interval/Notes FR/FR 00002 (2 pt) NO LIMIT ($5.00/pt) BETWEEN ($10.00) 7:20 a.m.–7:35 Certain a.m [RTH] transactions: Expanding 0.00001 limits: See rule (1 pt = $5.00) 3004 GLOBEX2: 1000 points FR/1F Calls FR/1F Puts Weekly Exp Options: 1L/5L Calls 1L/5L2 Puts 00002 (2 pt) Option ceases US$ per French ($5.00/pt) trading when Franc 0.00250 ($10.00) corresponding intervals, e.g., cab = $5.00 futures are limit 0.18000, bid/offered 0.18250, when: 0.18500 • Premium