Chế tạo và nghiên cứu động học quá trình nhả chất dinh dưỡng của một số loại phân bón nhả chậm

VIN HN LM KHOA HC V CễNG NGH VIT NAM HC VIN KHOA HC V CễNG NGH TRN QUC TON CH TO V NGHIấN CU NG HC QU TRèNH NH CHT DINH DNG CA MT S LOI PHN BểN NH CHM Chuyờn ngnh: Húa lý thuyt v Húa lý Mó s: 62.44.01.19 LUN N TIN S HO HC NGI HNG DN KHOA HC: PGS.TS Trn i Lõm GS.TS Nguyn Vn Khụi H Ni - 2016 LI CAM OAN Tụi xin cam oan õy l cụng trỡnh nghiờn cu ca tụi di s hng dn ca PGS.TS Trn i Lõm v GS.TS Nguyn Vn Khụi Cỏc s liu, kt qu nờu lun ỏn l trung thc v cha tng c cụng b bt kỡ cụng trỡnh khoa hc no khỏc Mt s kt qu lun ỏn l kt qu chung ca nhúm nghiờn cu ó c cỏc ng tỏc gi cho phộp s dng Tỏc gi lun ỏn Trn Quc Ton ii LI CM N Lun ỏn ny c hon thnh ti Vin Hoỏ hc - Vin Hn lõm Khoa hc v Cụng ngh Vit Nam Trong quỏ trỡnh nghiờn cu tụi ó nhn c nhiu s giỳp quớ bỏu ca cỏc thy cụ, cỏc nh khoa hc, cỏc ng nghip, bn bố v gia ỡnh Vi lũng kớnh trng v bit n sõu sc nht, tụi xin gi li cm n ti PGS.TS Trn i Lõm v GS.TS Nguyn Vn Khụi nhng ngi thy ó tn tõm hng dn khoa hc, truyn cho tụi tri thc cng nh ch bo, giỳp , ng viờn, khớch l v to mi iu kin tt nht tụi hon thnh bn lun ỏn ny Tụi xin trõn trng cm n Ban Giỏm c Hc vin Khoa hc & Cụng ngh v Ban lónh o Vin Húa hc cựng cỏc cỏn b ca Hc vin, Vin ó giỳp v to mi iu kin thun li cho tụi sut quỏ trỡnh hc v nghiờn cu Tụi xin chõn thnh cm n th cỏn b phũng Vt liu Polyme - Vin Húa hc ó giỳp tụi quỏ trỡnh thc nghim cng nh úng gúp nhiu ý kin quớ bỏu v chuyờn mụn vic thc hin v hon thin lun ỏn Tụi xin trõn trng cm n S Khoa hc v Cụng ngh tnh Thỏi Nguyờn,cỏc trm khuyn nụng TP Sụng Cụng v huyn ng H, Thỏi Nguyờn ó to iu kin tụi th nghim, ỏnh giỏ sn phm Tụi xin chõn thnh cm n Ban Giỏm hiu Trng i hc S Phm i hc Thỏi Nguyờn, Ban ch nhim khoa Húa hc v cỏc ng nghip Khoa Húa hc ó to mi iu kin tt nht cho tụi sut quỏ trỡnh hc v nghiờn cu Cui cựng tụi xin by t li cm n sõu sc nht n gia ỡnh, ngi thõn v bn bố ó luụn tin tng, ng viờn, chia s v to mi iu kin thun li nht cho tụi sut quỏ trỡnh hc v nghiờn cu Xin trõn trng cm n! Tỏc gi Trn Quc Ton iii DANH MC CH VIT TT Ch vit y STT Ch vit tt ASC Axit ascorbic - C6H8O5 APS Amoni pesunfat - (NH4)2S2O8 AAm Acrylamit - C3H5NO (CH2=CHCONH2) CRF Phõn bún nh cú kim soỏt (Controlled Release Fertilizer) CDU Ure formaldehit/Ure-crotonaldehit DAP iamonihirophotphat - (NH4)2HPO4 DCD Dixyandiamide IR Ph hng ngoi IBDU 10 IFA Hip hi phõn bún quc t 11 MAP MgNH4PO4.6H2O 12 MBA N,N'- metylenbisacrylamit - C7H10N2O2 13 MC Trn c húa hc 14 NUE Hiu qu s dng N 15 NPK Phõn cha N, P, K 16 SEM Hin vi in t quột (Scanning Electronic Microscopy) 17 SRF Phõn bún nh chm (Slow Release Fertilizer) 18 PVA Poly vinylancol 19 PCF Phõn bc polyme 20 PSCF Phõn bc bng polyme v lu hunh 21 PU Polyurethan 22 UF Ure formaldehit 23 SA Amonisunfat (NH4)2SO4 24 SCU Phõn bc lu hunh 25 MMT Montmorillonit 26 TGA Phõn tớch nhit trng lng (Thermal GravimetricAnalysis) 27 FAO T chc lng thc v nụng nghip liờn hp quc 28 FAV Hip hi phõn bún Vit Nam Ure-isobutyraldehit iv MC LC Trang Trang bỡa ph Li cam oan ii Li cm n iii Mc lc v Danh mc bng biu vi Danh mc cỏc hỡnh vii M U CHNG TNG QUAN 1.1 Vai trũ ca phõn bún i vi sn xut lng thc, tỏc ng ca vic s dng phõn bún ti mụi trng, sinh thỏi v sc kho 1.1.1 Vai trũ ca phõn bún i vi sn xut lng thc 1.1.2 Tỏc ng ca vic s dng phõn bún ti mụi trng, sinh thỏi v sc kho 1.2 Gii thiu chung v phõn bún nh chm 1.2.1 Khỏi nim, phõn loi v nhng u im ca phõn bún nh chm 1.2.2 Cụng ngh phõn bún nh chm 10 1.2.3 ng hc v c ch quỏ trỡnh nh chm phõn bún 25 1.3 Gii thiu mt s nguyờn vt liu dựng ch to phõn bún nh chm .32 1.3.1 Tinh bt v tinh bt bin tớnh .32 1.3.2 Polyurethan 34 1.3.3 Polyvinyl ancol .35 1.3.4 Polyvinyl axetat 35 1.3.5 Bentonit 36 1.4 ng dng ca phõn bún nh chm 37 1.4.1 S dng phõn bún nh chm nụng nghip 37 1.4.2 S dng phõn bún nh chm lnh vc phi nụng nghip 42 1.4.3 Tỡnh hỡnh nghiờn cu phõn bún nh chm Vit Nam .44 CHNG THC NGHIM 47 2.1 Nguyờn liu, hoỏ cht 47 2.2 Dng c, thit b nghiờn cu 47 2.3 Mt s phng phỏp phõn tớch phõn bún 48 v 2.3.1 Xỏc nh hm lng nit tng s 48 2.3.2 Xỏc nh hm lng photpho tng s 49 2.3.3 Xỏc nh hm lng kali tng s 49 2.3.4 Phng phỏp xỏc nh ró ca lừi phõn bún .49 2.3.5 Phng phỏp xỏc nh cng ca lừi phõn .50 2.3.6 Phng phỏp phõn tớch mt s tớnh cht lý húa ca t 50 2.4 Phng phỏp tin hnh 50 2.4.1 Nghiờn cu ch to lừi phõn bún 50 2.4.2 Nghiờn cu ch to v bc cho phõn bún nh chm 54 2.4.3 Xõy dng mụ hỡnh ng hc quỏ trỡnh nh chm phõn bún 56 2.4.4 ng dng th nghim phõn bún nh chm cho mt s cõy trng .58 CHNG KT QU V THO LUN 65 3.1 Ch to lừi phõn bún nh chm .65 3.1.1 Bin tớnh tinh bt 65 3.1.2 La chn cht kt dớnh cho phõn bún ure nh chm 68 3.1.3 La chn cht kt dớnh cho phõn bún NPK nh chm 70 3.2 Ch to v bc cho phõn bún nh chm 73 3.2.1 c trng vt liu ca lp v bc 73 3.3 Xõy dng mụ hỡnh ng hc quỏ trỡnh nh chm phõn bún 78 3.3.1 Nghiờn cu quỏ trỡnh nh phõn bún nc 78 3.3.2 nh hng ca nhit n kh nng nh dinh dng ca phõn bún 98 3.3.3 nh hng ca pH n kh nng nh dinh dng ca phõn bún 100 3.3.4 Quỏ trỡnh nh phõn bún t 101 3.3.5 ỏnh giỏ kh nng phõn hy sinh hc ca lp v phõn bún 103 3.4 ng dng phõn bún nh chm cho mt s cõy trng 105 3.4.1 ng dng phõn bún nh chm cho cõy xanh 106 3.4.2 ng dng phõn bún nh chm cho cõy chố 113 KT LUN 118 TI LIU THAM KHO 121 vi DANH MC BNG BIU Bng 2.1 Thnh phn nguyờn liu tng hp lừi phõn ure nh chm (tớnh cho 100g) 53 Bng 2.2 Thnh phn nguyờn liu tng hp lừi phõn bún NPK (16:16:16) .53 Bng 2.3 Thnh phn nguyờn liu tng hp lừi phõn bún NPK (30:10:10) .54 Bng 3.1 nh hng ca thi gian bin tớnh ti tớnh cht ca tinh bt 65 Bng 3.2 nh hng ca hm lng PU n dy lp v v t l bc 76 Bng 3.3 Mụ hỡnh ng hc ca phõn ure nh chm vi dy 25-30 àm 80 Bng 3.4 Mụ hỡnh ng hc ca phõn ure nh chm vi dy 40-50 àm 80 Bng 3.5 Mụ hỡnh ng hc ca phõn ure nh chm vi dy 70-80 àm 80 Bng 3.6 Cỏc tham s ng hc v phng trỡnh ng hc nh N ca phõn NPK (30:10:10) vi dy 25-30 àm 85 Bng 3.7 Cỏc tham s ng hc v phng trỡnh ng hc nh N ca phõn NPK (30:10:10) vi dy 40-50 àm 86 Bng 3.8 Cỏc tham s ng hc v phng trỡnh ng hc nh N ca phõn NPK (30:10:10) vi dy 70-80 àm 86 Bng 3.9 Cỏc tham s ng hc v phng trỡnh ng hc nh P ca phõn NPK (30:10:10) vi dy 25-30 àm 88 Bng 3.10 Cỏc tham s ng hc v phng trỡnh ng hc nh P ca phõn NPK (30:10:10) vi dy 40-50 àm 88 Bng 3.11 Cỏc tham s ng hc v phng trỡnh ng hc nh P ca phõn NPK (30:10:10) vi dy 70-80 àm 88 Bng 3.12 Cỏc tham s ng hc v phng trỡnh ng hc nh K ca phõn NPK (30:10:10) vi dy 25-30 àm 90 Bng 3.13 Cỏc tham s ng hc v phng trỡnh ng hc nh K ca phõn NPK (30:10:10) vi dy 40-50 àm 90 Bng 3.14 Cỏc tham s ng hc v phng trỡnh ng hc nh K ca phõn NPK (30:10:10) vi dy 70-80 àm 91 Bng 3.15 Cỏc tham s ng hc v phng trỡnh ng hc nh N ca phõn NPK (16:16:16) vi dy 25-30 àm 92 Bng 3.16 Cỏc tham s ng hc v phng trỡnh ng hc nh N ca phõn NPK (16:16:16) vi dy 40-50 àm 93 vi Bng 3.17 Cỏc tham s ng hc v phng trỡnh ng hc nh N ca phõn NPK (16:16:16) vi dy 70-80 àm 93 Bng 3.18 Cỏc tham s ng hc v phng trỡnh ng hc nh P ca phõn NPK (16:16:16) vi dy 25-30 àm 95 Bng 3.19 Cỏc tham s ng hc v phng trỡnh ng hc nh P ca phõn NPK (16:16:16) vi dy 40-50 àm 95 Bng 3.21 Cỏc tham s ng hc v phng trỡnh ng hc nh K ca phõn NPK (16:16:16) vi dy 25-30 àm 97 Bng 3.22 Cỏc tham s ng hc v phng trỡnh ng hc nh K ca phõn NPK (16:16:16) vi dy 40-50 àm 97 Bng 3.23 Cỏc tham s ng hc v phng trỡnh ng hc nh K ca phõn NPK (16:16:16) vi dy 70-80 àm 98 Bng 3.24 nh hng ca phõn bún ure nh chm n thi gian sinh trng 106 Bng 3.25 nh hng ca phõn bún nh chm n sinh trng v phỏt trin ca cõy xanh 107 Bng 3.26 nh hng ca lng phõn bún nh chm n hỡnh thỏi cu trỳc qu xanh .108 Bng 3.27 nh hng ca phõn bún ure nh chm n nng sut v cỏc yu t cu thnh nng sut 109 Bng 3.28 Hiu qu kinh t thu c ca mụ hỡnh ng dng phõn bún nh chmcho cõy xanh .110 Bng 3.30 nh hng ca phõn bún nh chm n cỏc yu t cu thnh nng sut chố (tớnh trung bỡnh la hỏi) 113 Bng 3.31 nh hng ca phõn bún nh chm n nng sut chố (tớnh trung bỡnh la hỏi) 114 Bng 3.32 Hiu qu kinh t thu c ca mụ hỡnh ng dng phõn bún nh chm cho cõy chố (tớnh la hỏi) .115 Bng 3.33 nh hng ca phõn bún nh chm n tớnh cht lý húa ca t .116 vii DANH MC CC HèNH Hỡnh 1.1 So sỏnh gia bún phõn thụng thng (3 ln bún) vi bún phõn nh chm (ch ln bún) .9 Hỡnh 1.2 Cu to ht phõn nh chm bc polyme .15 Hỡnh 1.3 Quỏ trỡnh khuch tỏn cht dinh dng t phõn bún nh chm 26 Hỡnh 1.4 Cu trỳc phõn t ca amyloz (a) v amylopectin (b) 33 Hỡnh 1.5 Cu trỳc phõn t ca Polyurethan 34 Hỡnh 1.6 Cu trỳc phõn t ca Polyvinyl ancol 35 Hỡnh 1.7 Cu trỳc phõn t Polyvinyl axetat 36 Hỡnh 1.8.Cu trỳc tinh th 2:1 ca Montmorillonit 37 Hỡnh 2.1 S ch to lừi phõn bún nh chm 52 Hỡnh 2.2 S ch to v phõn bún nh chm 55 Hỡnh 2.3 ng PVC cha t, nc v phõn nh chm 58 Hỡnh 3.1 nh hng ca thi gian bin tớnh tinh bt n ró 66 Hỡnh 3.2 nh hng ca thi gian bin tớnh tinh bt n cng 66 Hỡnh 3.3 Ph IR ca tinh bt 67 Hỡnh 3.4 Ph IR ca tinh bt bin tớnh 67 Hỡnh 3.5 nh hng ca loi cht kt dớnh n ró lừi phõn bún ure .69 Hỡnh 3.6 nh hng ca loi cht kt dớnh n cng lừi phõn bún ure 69 Hỡnh 3.7 nh hng ca cht kt dớnh n ró lừi phõn bún NPK (16:16:16) 71 Hỡnh 3.8 nh hng ca cht kt dớnh n cng lừi phõn bún NPK (16:16:16) 71 Hỡnh 3.9 nh hng ca cht kt dớnh n ró lừi phõn bún NPK (30:10:10) 71 Hỡnh 3.10 nh hng ca cht kt dớnh n cng lừi phõn bún NPK (30:10:10) 72 Hỡnh 3.11 Ph IR ca lp v PU 73 Hỡnh 3.12 Gin TGA ca lp v PU 74 Hỡnh 3.13 nh SEM ca lp v PU 75 Hỡnh 3.14 nh hng ca sỏp parafin n c tớnh nh N ca phõn ure nh chm 75 Hỡnh 3.15 nh SEM ca lp v vi cỏc dy khỏc 77 Hỡnh 3.16 c tớnh nh N ca cỏc mu phõn ure nh chm nc 78 vii Hỡnh 3.17 Mụ t s nh N ca phõn ure bng dng tuyn tớnh ca phng trỡnh biu kin bc .79 Hỡnh 3.18 Mụ t s nh N ca phõn ure bng dng tuyn tớnh ca phng trỡnh biu kin bc .79 Hỡnh 3.19 Mụ t s nh N ca phõn ure bng dng tuyn tớnh 80 ca phng trỡnh biu kin bc 80 Hỡnh 3.20 c tớnh nh N ca cỏc mu phõn NPK (30:10:10) nh chm nc 81 Hỡnh 3.21 c tớnh nh P ca cỏc mu phõn NPK (30:10:10) nh chm nc 81 Hỡnh 3.22 c tớnh nh K ca cỏc mu phõn NPK (30:10:10) nh chm nc 82 Hỡnh 3.23 c tớnh nh N ca phõn bún NPK (16:16:16) nh chm 83 Hỡnh 3.24 c tớnh nh P ca phõn bún NPK (16:16:16) nh chm 83 Hỡnh 3.25 c tớnh nh K ca phõn bún NPK (16:16:16) nh chm 83 Hỡnh 3.26 Mụ t s nh N ca phõn NPK (30:10:10) bng dng tuyn tớnh ca phng trỡnh biu kin bc .84 Hỡnh 3.27 Mụ t s nh N ca phõn NPK (30:10:10) bng dng tuyn tớnh ca phng trỡnh biu kin bc .85 Hỡnh 3.28 Mụ t s nh N ca phõn NPK (30:10:10) bng dng tuyn tớnh ca phng trỡnh biu kin bc 85 Hỡnh 3.29 Mụ t s nh P ca phõn NPK (30:10:10) bng dng tuyn tớnh ca phng trỡnh biu kin bc 87 Hỡnh 3.30 Mụ t s nh P ca phõn NPK (30:10:10) bng dng tuyn tớnh ca phng trỡnh biu kin bc 87 Hỡnh 3.31 Mụ t s nh P ca phõn NPK (30:10:10) bng dng tuyn tớnh ca phng trỡnh biu kin bc 87 Hỡnh 3.32 Mụ t s nh K ca phõn NPK (30:10:10) bng dng tuyn tớnh ca phng trỡnh biu kin bc 89 Hỡnh 3.33 Mụ t s nh K ca phõn NPK (30:10:10) bng dng tuyn tớnh ca phng trỡnh biu kin bc 89 Hỡnh 3.34 Mụ t s nh K ca phõn NPK (30:10:10) bng dng tuyn tớnh ca phng trỡnh biu kin bc 90 viii TI LIU THAM KHO TING VIT on Xuõn Cnh (2012), Bỏo cỏo kt qu thc hin ti: Nghiờn cu bin phỏp k thut tng hp theo Vit GAP nõng cao nng sut v cht lng mt s chng loi rau h bu v rau n c BSH Vin cõy lng thc v cõy thc phm Nghiờm Ngc Dng, Nguyn Trung Hiu, Nguyn Vn Khụi, Nguyn Thanh Tựng (2005), Tng hp v nghiờn cu nh hng ca polyme siờu hp th nc ti kh nng lu gi phõn bún ca mụi trng t, Tp Khoa hc v Cụng ngh, Tp 43(4), tr 66-70 Nguyn Trung Dng (2014), S dng phõn bún v thuc bo v thc vt nụng nghip Vit Nam Tho lun gúc kinh t sinh thỏi v bn vng, Tp khoa hc k thut thy li v mụi trng, s 4, tr 108-116 Cao Anh Dng (2015), Phõn bún phõn chm tan cú kim soỏt (Controlled Release Fertilizer CRF) v trin vng s dng cho cõy mớa, online: http://iasvn.org/tintuc/ Phõn bún phõn chm tan cú kim soỏt (Controlled Release Fertilizer CRF) v trin vng s dng cho cõy mớa -6941.html Phm Quang H, Nguyn Vn B (2013), S dng phõn bún mi quan h vi sn xut lng thc, bo v mụi trung v gim phỏt thi khớ nh kớnh, Tp Nụng nghip v Phỏt trin nụng thụn, thỏng 3/2013 Bựi Thanh Hng, Lu Cm Lc (2010), Nghiờn cu kh nng nh chm cht khoỏng N-P-K phõn hu c khoỏng trờn nn than bựn, Tp húa hc, 48(4C), tr 420-424 Hip hi phõn bún Vit Nam (2006), Tuyn phõn bún Vit Nam, 1, NXB i hc Nụng Nghip Nguyn Cu Khoa, Trn c Phng, Nguyn Cụng Trc (2009), iu ch phõn bún nh chm ure formandehyt (UF)", Tp húa hc, Tp 47 (4A), 592-596 Nguyn Cu Khoa, Lờ Th H, Phan Th Thanh Hin (2009), Nghiờn cu iu ch phõn NPK trờn nn tinh bt bin tớnh, Tp húa hc, Tp 47 (4A), tr 601-605 10 Nguyn Cu Khoa (2015), Nghiờn cu qui trỡnh cụng ngh sn xut phõn ure v NPK nh chm ng dng trin khai cho cỏc cõy trng trờn Tõy Nguyờn, Bỏo cỏo tng hp kt qu ti Khoa hc v Cụng ngh, Mó s TN3/C04 121 11 Lờ Vn Khoa (ch biờn), Nguyn Xuõn C, Bựi Th Ngc Dung, Lờ c, Trn khc Hip, Cỏi Vn Tranh (2001), Phng phỏp phõn tớch t, nc, phõn bún, cõy trng, Nh xut bn giỏo dc 12 Nguyn Vn Khụi (2006), Keo dỏn Húa hc v Cụng ngh, Nh xut bn Vin Khoa hc v Cụng ngh Vit Nam 13 Nguyn Vn Khụi (2007), Polyme a nc húa hc v ng dng, Nh xut bn Khoa hc t nhiờn v Cụng ngh 14 Nguyn Hu Niu, Trn Vnh Diu (2004), Húa lý polyme, Nh xut bn i hc Quc gia TPHCM 15 Nguyn Hu La (2014), Kt qu nghiờn cu bún phõn cho mt s ging chố mi giai on 2000 2012 online:http://iasvn.org/chuyen-muc/Ket-qua-nghien-cuubon-phan-cho-mot-so-giong-che-moi-giai-doan-2000-2012-4601.html 16 Phm Hu Lý, Bớch Thanh (2005), Nghiờn cu tng hp phõn ure nh chm vi polime nn gelatin, Tp Khoa hc v Cụng ngh, Tp 43(3), tr 67-71 17 Phm c Ng, Trn Th o, Nguyn Tt Cnh (2012), nh hng ca vic bún phõn viờn nộn hu c khoỏng chm tan theo thi gian sinh trng n nng sut ngụ trờn t cỏt Qung Bỡnh, Tp Khoa hc v Phỏt trin Trng H Nụng Nghip H Ni, Tp 10(1), tr 127-134 18 Lờ Quc Phong (2012),Sn xut v tiờu th phõn bún th gii, online: http://iasvn.org/chuyen-muc/Sn xut v tiờu th phõn bún th gii 19 Nguyn Vn Phỳ, Nguyn Th Hựng, Nguyn Tt Cnh, inh Thỏi Hong (2012), nh hng ca phõn m chm tan cú v bc polime n sinh trng v nng sut ngụ v xuõn ti Gia Lõm-H Ni, Tp Khoa hc v Phỏt trin Trng H Nụng Nghip H Ni, Tp 10(2), tr 256-262 20 Nguyn Th Phng, Nguyn Hong, Nguyn Cụng Trc v cng s (2014), Th nghim phõn ure- NPK nh chm v cht gi m cho cõy trng ti Tõy Nguyờn, Tp Khoa hc Cụng ngh Vit Nam, s 12, tr 15-17 21 Mai Vn Quyn, Bựi Huy Hin, Trung Bỡnh (2014), ỏnh giỏ hin trng hiu qu s dng phõn bún v xut bin phỏp nõng cao hiu sut s dng phõn bún cho cõy trng Vit Nam n nm 2020,online:http://iasvn.org/chuyenmuc/ỏnh giỏ hin trng hiu qu s dng phõn bún v xut bin phỏp nõng cao hiu sut s dng phõn bún cho cõy trng Vit Nam n nm 2020 122 22 S NN & PTNT Thỏi Nguyờn (2011), Quy hoch vựng nụng nghip chố an ton tnh Thỏi Nguyờn n nm 2020 23 Dng Th Bộ Thi, Trn Ngc Quyn, Lờ Th Phng, Nguyn Cu Khoa (2015), Nghiờn cu ch to mng trờn c s tinh bt/PVA cho phõn NPK nh chm, Tp Húa hc, Tp 53 (3), tr 306 309 24 TCN 446 2000, Qui trỡnh k thut trng, chm súc v thu hoch chố, B Nụng Nghip v Phỏt trin Nụng thụn 25 TCVN 8557:2010, Phõn bún- Phng phỏp xỏc nh nit tng s 26 TCVN 8562:2010, Phõn bún- Phng phỏp xỏc nh kali tng s 27 TCVN 8563:2010, Phõn bún- Phng phỏp xỏc nh photpho tng s 28 o Xuõn Thng, on Xuõn Cnh, o Vn Hi (2008), Kt qu chn to ging xanh s Kt qu nghiờn cu Vin Cõy lng thc v CTP 8/2008 29 Bựi Vn Thng (2011), Bỏo cỏo kt ti KH & CN cp b: Nghiờn cu tng hp vt liu bentonit bin tớnh ng dng hp ph photpho nc, Mó s: B2010-20-23, i hc ng Thỏp 30 Nguyn Thanh Tựng (2012), Bin tớnh tinh bt bng vinyl monomer v ng dng, Lun ỏn Tin s Húa hc, Vin Húa hc, Vin Hn lõm KH&CN Vit Nam 31 Trn Khc Trung, Mai Hu Khiờm (2002), Phõn bún nh chm c hp th 100%, Vnexpress.net 32 Nguyn ỡnh Triu (2001), Cỏc phng phỏp phõn tớch vt lý v húa lý - Tp 1, NXB Khoa hc v K thut, H Ni 33 Vinachem (2015), Trin vng th trng phõn bún nh chm ton cu n nm 2019,Tp CN hoỏ cht , s 6, tr B TING ANH 34 Anna Jarosiewicz, Maria Tomaszewska (2003), Controlled-Release NPK Fertilizer Encapsulated by Polymeric Membranes, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Vol 51(2), pp 413-417 35 Anu Stella Mathews, Suresh Narine (2010), Poly[N-Isopropyl acrylamide]-coPolyurethane Copolymers for Controlled Release of Urea, Journal of Polymer Science: Part A: Polymer Chemistry, Vol 48(15), pp 32363243 36 Avi Shaviv (2001), Advances in controlled-release fertilizers, Advances in Agronomy, Vol 71, pp 149 123 37 A Shaviv, S Raban, E Zaidel (2003), Modeling controlled nutrient release from polymer coated fertilizers: diffusion release from single granules,Environmental Science and Technology, Vol 37(10), pp 22512256 38 A Manikandan, K S Subramanian (2014), Fabrication and characterisation of nanoporous zeolite based N fertilizer, African Journal of Agricultural Research, Vol 9(2), pp 276-284 39 B.B.Basak, Sharmistha Pal, S.S Data (2012), Use of modified clays for retention and supply of water and nutrients, Current Science, Vol 102(9), pp 1272-1278 40 Babar Azeem, KuZilati KuShaari, Zakaria B Man, Abdul Basit, Trinh H Thanh (2014), Review on materials & methods to produce controlled release coated urea fertilizer, Journal of Controlled Release , Vol 181, pp 11-21 41 Bansiwal AK, Rayalu SS, Labhasetwar NK, Juwarkar AA, Devotta S (2006), Surfactant-modified zeolite as a slow release fertilizer for phosphorus, J Agric Food Chem, Vol 54(13), pp 4773-4779 42 Bernard Gagnon,Noura Ziadi,Cynthia Grant (2012), Urea fertilizer forms affect grain corn yield and nitrogen use efficiency, Canadian Journal of Soil Science, Vol 92(2), pp 341-351 43 Boli Ni, Mingzhu Liu, Shaoyu Lỹ (2009), Multifunctional slow-release urea fertilizer from ethylcellulose and superabsorbent coated formulations,Chemical Engineering Journal, Vol155(3), pp 892898 44 Boli Ni, Mingzhu Liu, Shaoyu Lu, Lihua Xie, Yanfang Wang (2011), Environmentally Friendly Slow-Release Nitrogen Fertilizer, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Vol 59(18), pp 10169-10175 45 Burwell RW, Beasley JS, Gaston LA, Borst SM, Sheffield RE, Strahan RE, Munshaw GC(2011), Losses of surface runoff, total solids, and nitrogen during bermudagrass establishment on levee embankments, J Environ Qual., Vol 40(4), pp 1241-1248 46 B Tyliszczak, J Polaczek, K Pielichowski (2009), PAA-Based Hybrid OrganicInorganic Fertilizers with Controlled Release, Polish J of Environ Stud., Vol 18(3), pp.475-479 124 47 Carolina Medina (2006), Nutrient release patterns of coated fertilizers used for citrus production and their effect on fruit yield and foliar nutrition, University of Florida, Gainesville, Masters Thesis 48 Chao Chen, Zideng Gao, Xiaoyun Qiu, Shuwen Hu (2013), Enhancement of the Controlled-Release Properties of Chitosan, Molecules, Vol 18(6), pp 7239-7252 49 Chao Song,Yu Guan, Dong Wang, Dinka Zewudie,Feng-Min (2014), Palygorskite-coated fertilizers with a timely release of nutrients increase potato productivity in a rain-fed cropland, Field Crops Research, Vol 166, pp 1017 50 Ch V Subbarao, G Kartheek, and D Sirisha (2013), Slow Release of Potash Fertilizer Through Polymer Coating, International Journal of Applied Science and Engineering, Vol11(1), pp 25-30 51 Constantin Neamu, Mariana Popescu, tefan-Ovidiu Dima (2015),Leaching and in vitro agrochemical screening for new slow release fertilizers containing N, P, Ca, and Mg, Academic Research Journal of Agricultural Science and Research, Vol 3(3), pp 45-53 52 Daniela Denisse Castro-Enrớquez, Francisco Rodrớguez-Fộlix , Benjamớn RamớrezWong, Patricia Isabel Torres-Chỏvez, Marớa Múnica Castillo-Ortega, Dora Evelia Rodrớguez-Fộlix, Lorena Armenta-Villegas and Ana Irene Ledesma-Osuna (2012), Preparation, Characterization and Release of Urea fromWheat Gluten Electrospun Membranes, Materials, Vol 5(12), pp.2903-2916 53 Derrick M Oosterhuis, Donald D Howard (2008), Evaluation of slow-release nitrogen and potassium fertilizers for cotton production, African Journal of Agricultural Research, Vol 3(1), pp 68-73 54 Douglass F Jacobs, K Francis Salifu, John R Seifert (2005), Growth and nutritional response of hardwood seedlings to controlled-release fertilization at outplanting, Forest Ecology and Management, Vol 214(13), pp 28-39 55 D R Lu, C M Xiao, S J Xu (2009), Starch-based completely biodegradable polymer materials, Express Polymer Letters, Vol 3(6), pp 366375 56 D.Kamalakar , L Nageswara Rao , J L Jayanthi & Dr M.Venkateswara Rao(2011), Zinc Sulfate Controlled Release Fertilizer with Fly Ash as Inert Matrix,Indian Streams Research Journal, Vol 1(1), pp 12-26 125 57 Elaine I Pereira, Fernando B Minussi, Camila C T da Cruz, Alberto C C Bernardi, and Caue Ribeiro (2012), UreaMontmorillonite-Extruded Nanocomposites: A Novel SlowRelease Material, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Vol 60(21), pp 52675272 58 E Corradini, M R de Moura, L H C Mattoso (2010), A preliminary study of the incorparation of NPK fertilizer into chitosan nanoparticle, EXPRESS Polymer Letters, Vol 4(8), pp 509515 59 Falu Zhan, Mingzhu Liu, Mingyu Guo, Lan Wu (2004), Preparation of superabsorbent polymer with slow-release phosphate fertilizer, Journal of Applied Polymer Science,Vol 92(5), pp 34173421 60 F Ramớrez, V Gonzỏlez, M Crespo, D Meier, O Faix, V Zỳủiga (1997), Ammoxidized kraft lignin as a slow-release fertilizer tested on Sorghum vulgare,Bioresource Technology, Vol 61(1), pp 43-46 61 Francisco G.E Nogueira, Nayara T Prado, Luiz C.A Oliveira, Ana R.R Bastos, Joóo H Lopes, Janice G de Carvalho (2010), Incorporation of mineral phosphorus and potassium on leather waste (collagen): A new NcollagenPK-fertilizer with slow liberation, Journal of Hazardous Materials, Vol 176(13), pp 374-380 62 Guodong Liu, Lincoln Zotarelli, Yuncong Li, David Dinkins, Qingren Wang, Monica Ozores-Hampton (2014), Controlled-Release and Slow-Release Fertilizers as Nutrient Management Tools1, HS1225, IFAS Xtension, University of Florida 63 Guzine El Diwani, Nevine Motawie, Hassan H Shaarawy, Marwa S Shalaby (2013), Nitrogen Slow Release Biodegradable Polymer Based on Oxidized Starch Prepared via Electrogenerated Mixed Oxidants, Journal of Applied Sciences Research, Vol 9(3), pp 1931-1939 64 G Ayub, S Rocha, A Perrucci (2001), Analysis of the surface quality of sulphurcoated urea particles in a two-dimensional spouted bed, Braz J Chem Eng., Vol 18(1), pp 1322 65 G El Diwani, Sh El Rafie, N.N El Ibiari, H.I El-Aila (2007), Recovery of ammonia nitrogen from industrial wastewater treatment as struvite slow releasing fertilizer, Desalination, Vol 214(13), pp 200-214 126 66 Guodong Liu, Lincoln Zotarelli, Yuncong Li, David Dinkins, Qingren Wang, and Monica Ozores-Hampton (2014), Controlled-Release and Slow-Release Fertilizers as Nutrient Management Tools, Horticultural Sciences Department, UF/IFAS Extension 67 Henrique Mayer (2010), Nutrient release Patterns of controlled release fertilizers used in the ornamental horticulture industry of South Florida, Master of Science, University of Florida 68 Hongtao Zou, Yao Ling, Xiuli Dang, Na Yu, YuLing Zhang, YuLong Zhang, Jianghui Dong (2015), Solubility Characteristics and Slow-Release Mechanism of Nitrogen from Organic-Inorganic Compound Coated Urea, International Journal of Photoenergy, Vol 2015(2), pp 1-6 69 Hu XF, Wang ZY, You Y, Li JC (2010), Ammonia volatilization of slowrelease compound fertilizer in different soils water conditions, Huan Jing Ke Xue., Vol 31(8), pp 1937-1943 70 Hyatt, Charles R.Venterea, Rodney T.Rosen, Carl J.McNearney, Matthew Wilson, Melissa L.Dolan, Michael S (2010), Polymer-Coated Urea Maintains Potato Yields and Reduces Nitrous Oxide Emissions in a Minnesota Loamy Sand, Soil Sci Soc Am J., Vol 74, pp 419-428 71 International Fertilizer Industry Association (IFA) (2014), Review of Analytical Methods for Slow- and Controlled-Release Fertilizers 72 Jamnongkan, S Kaewpirom (2010), Controlled-Release Fertilizer Based on Chitosan Hydrogel: Phosphorus Release Kinetics, Sci J UBU, Vol 1(1), pp 43-50 73 Jiao X, Liang W, Chen L, Zhang H, Li Q, Wang P, Wen D (2005), Effects of slow-release urea fertilizers on urease activity, microbial biomass, and nematode communities in an aquic brown soil, Sci China C Life Sci., Vol 48(1), pp 26-32 74 Jingyan Jiang, Zhenghua Hu, Wenjuan Sun, Yao Huang (2010), Nitrous oxide emissions from Chinese cropland fertilized with a range of slow-release nitrogen compounds, Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, Vol 135(3), pp 216-225 75 Jinjie Ge, Rui Wu, Xinghai Shi, Hao Yu, Min Wang,Wenjun Li (2002), Biodegradable polyurethane materials from bark and starch II Coating material for controlled-release fertilizer, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Vol 86(12), pp 29482952 127 76 John H Detrick, Garrard L Hargrove (2002), Hargrove, Polymer-sulfur-polymer coated fertilizers, Google Patents 77 J Oliet, R Planelles, M.L Segura, F Artero, D.F Jacobs (2004), Mineral nutrition and growth of containerized Pinus halepensis seedlings under controlledrelease fertilizer, Scientia Horticulturae, Vol 103(1), pp 113-129 78 Krzysztof Lubkowski (2014), Coating fertilizer granules with biodegradable materials for controlledfertilizer release, Environmental Engineering and Management Journal, Vol 13(10), pp 2573-2581 79 Lan Wu, Mingzhu Liu, Rui Liang (2008),Preparation and properties of a doublecoated slow-release NPK compound fertilizer with superabsorbent and waterretention, Bioresource Technology, Vol 99(3), pp 547554 80 Liebner F, Pour G, de la Rosa Arranz JM, Hilscher A, Rosenau T, Knicker H (2011), Ammonoxidised lignins as slow nitrogen-releasing soil amendments and CO-binding matrix,Angew Chem Int Ed Engl, Vol 50(37), pp 34-39 81 Lihua Xie, Mingzhu Liu, , Boli Ni, Xu Zhang, Yanfang Wang (2011), Slowrelease nitrogen and boron fertilizer from a functional superabsorbent formulation based on wheat straw and attapulgite, Chemical Engineering Journal, Vol 167(1), pp 342348 82 Li D, Wu Z, Chen L, Liang C, Zhang L, Wang W, Yang D (2006), Soil biological activities at maize seedling stage under application of slow/controlled release nitrogen fertilizers, Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao., Vol 17(6), pp 1055- 1059 83 L Carolina Medina, Jerry B Sartain, Thomas A Obreza (2009), Estima tion of Release Properties of Slow-release Fertilizer Materials, HortTechnology, Vol19(1), pp.13-15 84 L Guo (2007), Doing Battle With the Green Monster of Taihu Lake, Science, Vol 317(5842), pp 1166 85 M Choi, A Meisen (1997), Sulfur coating of urea in shallow spouted beds, Chem Eng Sci.Vol 52(7), pp 10731086 86 Man Park, Sridhar Komarneni (1997), Occlusion of KNO3 and NH4NO3 in natural zeolites, Zeolites, Vol 18(23), pp 171-175 128 87 Maria Tomaszewska, Anna Jarosiewicz, Krzysztof Karakulski (2002), Physical and chemical characteristics of polymer coatings in CRF formulation, Desalination, Vol 146(13), pp 319-323 88 Maria Tomaszewska and Anna Jarosiewicz (2002), Use of Polysulfone in Controlled-Release NPK Fertilizer Formulations, J Agric Food Chem.Vol 50(16), pp 46344639 89 Marta W Donida,Sandra C S Rocha (2002), Coating of urea with an aqueous polymeric suspension in a two-dimensional spouted bed, Journal Drying Technology, Vol 20(3), pp 685-704 90 Maria Tomaszewska, Anna Jarosiewicz (2004), Polysulfone coating with starch addition in CRF formulation, Desalination, Vol163(13), pp 247-252 91 Mariana A Melaj, Mar ta E Daraio (2013), Preparation and Characterization of Potassium Nitrate Controlled-Release Fertilizers Based on Chitosan and Xanthan Layered Tablets, J Appl Polym Sci., Vol 130(4), pp 24222428 92 Mingyu Guo, Mingzhu Liu,Zheng Hu,Falu Zhan,Lan Wu (2005), Preparation and properties of a slow release NP compound fertilizer with superabsorbent and moisture preservation, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Vol 96(6), pp 21322138 93 Mingyu Guo, Mingzhu Liu, Falu Zhan, and Lan Wu (2005), Preparation and Properties of a Slow-Release Membrane-Encapsulated Urea Fertilizer with Superabsorbent and Moisture Preservation,Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research,Vol 44(12), pp 42064211 94 Mingzhu Liu, Rui Liang, Falu Zhan,Zhen Liu,Aizhen Niu (2006), Synthesis of a slow-release and superabsorbent nitrogen fertilizer and its properties, Polymers for Advanced Technologies, Vol 17(6),pp 430438 95 Morihiro Maeda, Bingzi Zhao, Yasuo Ozaki, Tadakatsu Yoneyama (2003), Nitrate leaching in an Andisol treated with different types of fertilizers, Environmental Pollution, Vol 121(3), pp 477-487 96 N.K Brar, D.S.Benipal and B.S.Brar (2008), Potassium Release kinetics in soils of a Long-Term fertilizer Experiment, Indian Journal of Ecology, Vol 35(1), pp 9-15 97 Newton Z Lupwayi, Cynthia A Grant, Yoong K Soon, George W Clayton, Shabtai Bittman, Sukhdev S Malhi, Bernie J Zebarth (2010), Soil microbial 129 community response to controlled-release urea fertilizer under zero tillage and conventional tillage, Applied Soil Ecology, Vol 45(3), pp 254-261 98 M ngelo Rodrigues, Helga Santos, Sộrgio Ruivo, Margarida Arrobas (2010), Slow-release N fertilisers are not an alternative to urea for fertilisation of autumn-grown tall cabbage, European Journal of Agronomy, Vol 32(2), pp 137143 99 M Rehỏkovỏ , S uvanovỏ, M Dzivỏk, J Rimỏr, Z Gavalovỏ (2004), Agricultural and agrochemical uses of natural zeolite of the clinoptilolite type, Current Opinion in Solid State and Materials Science, Vol 8(6), pp 397404 100 Ni Xiaoyu, Wu Yuejin, Wu Zhengyan, Wu Lin, Qiu Guannan, Yu Lixiang (2013), A novel slow-release urea fertiliser: Physical and chemical analysis of its structure and study of its release mechanism, Biosystems Engineering, Vol 115(3), pp 274 282 101 Panfang Lu, Yanfei Zhang, Cong Jia, Chongji Wang, Xiao Li, and Min Zhang (2015), Polyurethane from Liquefed Wheat Straw as Coating Material for Controlled Release Fertilizers, BioResources, Vol 10(4), pp 7877-7888 102 Park M, Kim JS, Choi CL, Kim JE, Heo NH, Komarneni S, Choi J (2005), Characteristics of nitrogen release from synthetic zeolite Na-P1 occluding NH4NO3, Journal of Controlled Release, Vol 106(1-2), pp 44-50 103 Qingshan Li, Shu Wu, Tiejun Ru, Limin Wang, Guangzhong Xing, Jinming Wang (2012), Synthesis and Performance of Polyurethane Coated Urea as Slow/controlled Release Fertilizer, Journal of Wuhan University of Technology-Mater Sci Ed,Vol 27(1), pp 126129 104 Quiroga-Garza HM, Picchioni GA, Remmenga MD (2001), Bermudagrass fertilized with slow-release nitrogen sources I Nitrogen uptake and potential leaching losses, J Environ Qual., Vol 30(2), pp 440-448 105 Ramớrez-Cano F, Ramos-Quirarte A, Faix O, Meier D, Gonzỏlez-Alvarez V, Zỳủiga-Partida V (2001), Slow-release effect of N-functionalized kraft lignin tested with Sorghum over two growth periods, Bioresour Technol., Vol 76(1), pp 71-73 130 106 R Fernỏndez-Escobar, , M Benlloch, E Herrera, J.M Garc a-Novelo (2004), Effect of traditional and slow-release N fertilizers on growth of olive nursery plants and N losses by leaching, Scientia Horticulturae, Vol 101(12), pp 3949 107 Rui Liang, Mingzhu Liu (2006),Preparation and Properties of a Double-Coated Slow-Release and Water-Retention Urea Fertilizer, J Agric Food Chem, Vol 54 (4), pp 13921398 108 R Jagadeeswaran, V Murugappan, M Govindaswamy (2005), Effect of Slow Release NPK Fertilizer Sources on the Nutrient use Efficiency in Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.), World Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Vol 1(1), pp 65-69 109 Shaohua Qin, Zhansheng Wu, Aamir Rasool, Chun L (2012), Synthesis and characterization of slow-release nitrogen fertilizer with water absorbency: Based on poly(acrylic acid-acrylic amide)/Na-bentonite, Journal of Applied Polymer Science,Vol 126(5), pp 16871697 110 Sharma VK, Singh RP (2011), Organic matrix based slow release fertilizer enhances plant growth, nitrate assimilation and seed yield of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.), Journal of Environmental Biology, Vol 32(5), pp 619-624 111 Sharrock P, Fiallo M, Nzihou A, Chkir M (2009), Hazardous animal waste carcasses transformation into slowreleasefertilizers, J Hazard Mater, Vol 167(13), pp 119-23 112 Shengsen Wang, Ashok K Alva, Yuncong Li, Min Zhang (2011), A Rapid Technique for Prediction of Nutrient Release from Polymer Coated Controlled Release Fertilizers, Open Journal of Soil Science, Vol 1(2), pp 40-44 113 Selva Preetha, P., Subramanian K S and Sharmila Rahale C (2014), Sorption characteristics of nano zeolite based slow release sulphur fertilizer, International Journal of Development Research, Vol 4(2), pp 225-228 114 Siafu Ibahati Sempeho, Hee Taik Kim, Egid Mubofu, Askwar Hilonga (2014), Meticulous Overviewonthe Controlled Release Fertilizers, Advances in Chemistry, Vol 2014, Article ID 363071, 16 pages 115 Solihin, Qiwu Zhang,William Tongamp (2011), Mechanochemical synthesis of kaolinKH2PO4 and kaolinNH4H2PO4 complexes for application as slow release fertilizer, Powder Technology, Vol 212(2), pp 354358 131 116 Suherman and Didi Dwi Anggoro (2011), Producing Slow Release Urea by Coating with Starch/Acrylic Acid in Fluid Bed Spraying, International Journal of Engineering & Technology, Vol 11(6), pp 77-80 117 Tang SH, Zhang FB, Huang X, Chen JS, Xu PZ (2008), Effects of slow/controlled releasefertilizers on the growth and nutrient use efficiency of pepper, Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao.,Vol 19(5), pp 986-991 118 Tobias Emilsson, Justyna Czemiel Berndtsson, Jan Erik Mattsson, Kaj Rolf (2007), Effect of using conventional and controlled release fertiliser on nutrient runoff from various vegetated roof systems, Ecological Engineering, Vol 29(3), pp 260-271 119 Tongsai Jamnongkan, Supranee Kaewpiro (2010), Potassium Release Kinetics and Water Retention of Controlled-Release Fertilizers Based on Chitosan Hydrogels, Journal of Polymers and the Environment, Vol 18(3), pp 413421 120 Thomas D Landis, R Kasten Dumroese (2009), Using Polymer-coated Controlled-release Fertilizers in the Nursery and After Outplanting, Forest Nursery Notes, pp 5-12 121 Trenkel, M (2010), Slow- and Controlled-Release and Stabilized Fertilizers An option for enhancing nutrient use efficiency in agriculture Paris: IFA 122 Wanjie Li, Liqin Zhang, Chengcen Liu, Zhenhai Liang (2012), Preparation and Property of Poly (acrylamide-co-acrylic acid) Macromolecule Slow-releasing Fertilizer, Int J Electrochem Sci., Vol 7(11), pp 11470 11476 123 Wen-Yan Han, Li-Feng Ma,Yuan-Zhi Shi,Jian-Yun Ruan, Sarah J Kemmitt (2008), Nitrogen release dynamics and transformation of slow release fertilizer products and their effects on tea yield and quality, J.Si.Food Agric, Vol 88(5), pp 839-846 124 Wilson ML, Rosen CJ, Moncrief JF (2010), Effects of polymer-coated urea on nitrate leaching and nitrogen uptake by potato, J Environ Qual., Vol 39(2), pp 492-499 125 W.J Mulder, R.J.A Gosselink, M.H Vingerhoeds, P.F.H Harmsen, D Eastham (2011), Lignin based controlled release coatings, Industrial Crops and Products, Vol34(1), pp 915-920 132 126 Xiaozhao Han, Sensen Chen, Xianguo Hu (2009), Controlled-release fertilizer encapsulated by starch/polyvinyl alcohol coating, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Vol 240(1-3), pp 21-26 127 Xu-sheng He, Zong-wen Liao, Pei-zhao Huang, Ji-xian Duan, Ren-shan Ge, Hong-bo LI, Zeng-chao Geng (2007), Characteristics and Performance of Novel Water-Absorbent Slow Release Nitrogen Fertilizers, Agricultural Sciences in China, Vol 6(3), pp 338-346 128 Yetilmezsoy K, Sapci-Zengin Z (2009), Recovery of ammonium nitrogen from the effluent of UASB treating poultry manure wastewater by MAP precipitation as a slowrelease fertilizer, J Hazard Mater.,Vol 166(1), pp 260-269 129 Yonghui Liu, Guanda Wang, Tingjie Wang, Chengyou Kan, Yong Jin (2011), Experimental modeling of polymer latex spray coating for producing controlledrelease urea Rui Lan, Particuology, Vol 9(5), pp 510516 130 Yoo JG, Jo YM (2003), Utilization of coal fly ash as a slow-release granular medium for soil improvement, J Air Waste Manag Assoc, Vol 53(1), pp 77-83 131 Yue-chao Yang, Min Zhang, Yuncong Li, Xiao-hui Fan, Yu-qing Geng (2012), Improving the Quality of Polymer-Coated Urea with Recycled Plastic, Proper Additives, and Large Tablets, J Agric Food Chem., Vol 60(45), pp 1122911237 132 Zvomuya F, Rosen CJ, Russelle MP, Gupta SC (2003), Nitrate leaching and nitrogen recovery following application of polyolefin-coated urea to potato,J Environ Qual, Vol 32(2), pp 480-489 133 Z Li (2003), Use of surfactant-modified zeolite as fertilizer carriers to control nitrate release, Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, Vol 61(13), pp 181188 133 PH LC TNH CHT Lí HểA T TRNG B XANH STT Ch tiờu phõn tớch Mu t th nghim Mu t th nghim phõn ure nh chm phõn NPK nh chm pH 6,55 6,57 CEC (me/100g t) 20,68 20,68 OM (%) 4,45 4,52 N tng (%) 0,52 0,54 P2O5 tng (%) 0,67 0,70 K2O tng (%) 0,053 0,056 B (mg/kg) 0,058 0,061 Mo (mg/kg) 0,85 0,89 Zn (mg/kg) 195 198 10 Cu (mg/kg) 28 31 11 Fe 3,28 3,32 134 PH LC TNH CHT Lí HểA T TRNG CHẩ STT Ch tiờu phõn tớch Mu t th nghim Mu t th nghim phõn ure nh chm phõn NPK nh chm pH 4,25 4,23 CEC (me/100g t) 11,81 11,87 OM (%) 3,17 3,15 N tng (%) 0,42 0,45 P2O5 tng (%) 0,044 0,046 K2O tng (%) 0,045 0,043 B (mg/kg) 0,098 0,096 Mo (mg/kg) 0,87 0,86 Zn (mg/kg) 185 187 10 Cu (mg/kg) 62 63 11 Fe (%) 3,45 3,46 135 ... polyurethan nghiên cứu động học trình nhả chất dinh dưỡng số loại phân bón nhả chậm - Ứng dụng phân bón nhả chậm cho số trồng (cây bí xanh, chè)  Nội dung luận án: - Nghiên cứu chế tạo số loại phân bón. .. thiệu chung phân bón nhả chậm 1.2.1 Khái niệm, phân loại ưu điểm phân bón nhả chậm 1.2.2 Công nghệ phân bón nhả chậm 10 1.2.3 Động học chế trình nhả chậm phân bón 25... hình động học trình nhả chậm phân bón 78 3.3.1 Nghiên cứu trình nhả phân bón nước 78 3.3.2 Ảnh hưởng nhiệt độ đến khả nhả dinh dưỡng phân bón 98 3.3.3 Ảnh hưởng pH đến khả nhả dinh dưỡng